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42. Li metal deposition and stripping in a solid-state battery via Coble creep

Author

Chen, Yuming, Wang, Ziqiang, Li, Xiaoyan, Yao, Xiahui, Wang, Chao, Li, Yutao, Xue, Weijiang, Yu, Daiwei, Kim, So Yeon, Yang, Fei, Kushima, Akihiro, Zhang, Haitao, Wu, Nan, Mai, Yiu-Wing, Goodenough, John B., and Li, Ju

Subjects
Lithium cells -- Materials, Electrophoretic deposition -- Observations, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Solid-state lithium metal batteries require accommodation of electrochemically generated mechanical stress inside the lithium: this stress can be.sup.1,2 up to 1 gigapascal for an overpotential of 135 millivolts. Maintaining the mechanical and electrochemical stability of the solid structure despite physical contact with moving corrosive lithium metal is a demanding requirement. Using in situ transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the deposition and stripping of metallic lithium or sodium held within a large number of parallel hollow tubules made of a mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC). Here we show that these alkali metals--as single crystals--can grow out of and retract inside the tubules via mainly diffusional Coble creep along the MIEC/metal phase boundary. Unlike solid electrolytes, many MIECs are electrochemically stable in contact with lithium (that is, there is a direct tie-line to metallic lithium on the equilibrium phase diagram), so this Coble creep mechanism can effectively relieve stress, maintain electronic and ionic contacts, eliminate solid-electrolyte interphase debris, and allow the reversible deposition/stripping of lithium across a distance of 10 micrometres for 100 cycles. A centimetre-wide full cell--consisting of approximately 10.sup.10 MIEC cylinders/solid electrolyte/LiFePO.sub.4--shows a high capacity of about 164 milliampere hours per gram of LiFePO.sub.4, and almost no degradation for over 50 cycles, starting with a 1× excess of Li. Modelling shows that the design is insensitive to MIEC material choice with channels about 100 nanometres wide and 10-100 micrometres deep. The behaviour of lithium metal within the MIEC channels suggests that the chemical and mechanical stability issues with the metal-electrolyte interface in solid-state lithium metal batteries can be overcome using this architecture. By containing lithium metal within oriented tubes of a mixed ionic-electronic conductor, a 3D anode for lithium metal batteries is produced that overcomes chemomechanical stability issues at the electrolyte interface., Author(s): Yuming Chen [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] , Ziqiang Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Xiaoyan Li [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3] [sup.4] , Xiahui Yao [sup.1] [sup.2] , Chao Wang [sup.1] [sup.2] , Yutao [...]

Published
2020
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50. Processing

Author

Dasari, Aravind, Yu, Zhong-Zhen, Mai, Yiu-Wing, Derby, Brian, Series editor, Dasari, Aravind, Yu, Zhong-Zhen, and Mai, Yiu-Wing

Published
2016
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