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This study is to investigate the flowability of the injection molded conductive composite material containing filler content from 70 up to 80 wt% by using spiral mold. Several moulding compounds, containing polypropylene (PP) as a matrix and graphite (G) and carbon black (CB) as conductive fillers prepared by melt compounding using twin-screw extruder. Carbon black is added as much as 10% and 20% respectively, in order to improve the electrical conductivity of composite material. Results show that the flowability of injection molded conductive composite material decreases with decreasing graphite size and with increasing filler (graphite and carbon black) content. It was found that composites containing G with particle size distribution (≤100 μm) entirely exhibits a relatively higher flowability, in the range of 10.67–6.21 cm, compared to the small size (25-60 μm), in which flowability is in the range of 5.23–3.37 cm. An attempt to combine carbon black as second filler with the PP and G found that composites containing CB showed decreased flowability of the injection molded conductive composite material, especially when the electrical conductivity formed through the resin. Results indicate that the flowability of the injection molded conductive composite material is an important design parameter to fabricate cost-effective, large, or thin composite bipolar plates.

Agricultural organic waste chopping machine are tools that can be used to chop leaves, twigs and could be used to help farmers in processing of the agricultural disposal products such as stalks and corn stalks, cassava stems, rice stalks in order to accelerate farmers in processing of those disposal in order that the plantation land can be prepared immediately for subsequent cultivation, as well as the chopped products can be reused for various purposes such as animal feeds and composts fertilizer. The research of this engineering method is carried out with the following stages: (1) study of the characteristics of several organic wastes to be enumerated, (2) analysis of the Chopping machine elements, consists of Chopping Blades, the house of the chopper blades, hopper, frame and transmission system. (3) A Prototype chop up mechanism manufacturing. And (4) Functional testing machine. The Copping Machine design resume as follows: Production capacity of enumeration 220 kg / hour. The cutting mechanism uses 2 static blades and 6 rotary blades. Transmission system using Belt-Pulley mechanism. The 24 Hp Diesel engine is used.

The investigations in this study focused on the characteristic of feedstock in an effort to understand the mechanism of injection molded in composite material. A composite, which has 75% wt. filler, consist of graphite (G), carbon black (CB) and polypropylene copolymer (PP). Twin-screw co-rotating extruder used for mixing materials. The conductivity of the molded parts measured using a four-point probe test procedure. The results showed that the injection molding conducting composites, which aggregated into larger clusters, tended to disperse unevenly into the PP, resulting in fewer particle-particle contacts and, consequently, a lower-conductivity composite in some part of the molded.

Kenaf is a nonwoody fibrous plant, and its fibre can be potentially used as a reinforcement in the matrix to produce biocomposite materials. The properties of biocomposite materials are highly dependent on the reinforcing material and the matrix used as a binder. This study used kenaf fibre as a reinforcing material with different compositions (10, 20, and 30 wt.%) and different fibre lengths (1 cm and 3 cm) in the matrix using the casting process. Low viscosity epoxy resin (635 thin epoxy resin) with a viscosity of 6 poise was used as the matrix. The results showed that the highest flexural strength, impact strength and shore hardness were obtained at a 30 wt.% kenaf fibre composition with a 1-cm kenaf fibre length, namely, 85 MPa, 338 KJ/m2 and 98 SHD, respectively. The length of the fibre in the matrix affects the mechanical properties of the resulting biocomposite. This condition is caused by kenaf fibres with a length of 1 cm being more dispersed in the matrix than fibres with a length of 3 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphite/epoxy composites have the potential to be used as conductive polymer composites (CPCs). Nevertheles, graphite/epoxy composites have a low in-plane conductivity, so a large amount of conductive filler is needed to increase the in-plane conductivity. However, other composite properties can be affected if the conductive filler content is too high. The casting method was used to produce graphite/epoxy composites in this study. Graphite was added to an epoxy resin at various weight percentage (wt%), curing times, and curing temperatures. The result show that a graphite/epoxy composite with 80 wt% of graphite at curing temperature of 130 ℃ and a curing time of 120 minutes produce the highest in-plane conductivity and shore hardness of 28 S/cm and 94.88 SHD, respectively. In contrast, the highest tensile strength of the graphite/epoxy composite (18.5 N/mm2) was obtained with 65 wt% of conductive filler material, the lowest amount considered in this study. This is due to the reduced ability of epoxy resins to bind to higher amounts of conductive fillers (e.g., 80 wt%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]