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Objective: To determine the effect of combined supplementation of Pioglitazone and Acacia Honey on blood glucose levels in Streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats. Study Design: Laboratory-based animal study. Place and Duration of study: Al-Nafees Medical College, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health, Islamabad Pakistan, from Jan 2016 to Jun 2017. Methodology: The study was conducted on 150 male Sprague Dawley rats, divided into five groups with 30 rats. Group-I was the control Group. Groups II-V were given Streptozotocin 65 mg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally to make them diabetic. Group II was diabetic control. Group-III was given acacia honey for three weeks. Group-IV received an intraperitoneal injection of Pioglitazone (oral hypoglycemic) 15 mg/kg body weight per day plus Acacia honey, and Group-V was given Pioglitazone intraperitoneally for the same dose and duration. Fasting blood glucose levels were measured after three weeks of supplementation. Results: After three weeks of supplementation, the blood glucose levels were significantly (p-value

Background: Various medicinal herb plants are being used in place of metformin for treatment of polycystic ovarian disease for their less harmful effects. Withania coagulans (WC) is a herb known for its insulin sensitizing and weight reducing properties. The present study was done to determine the influence of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans (aqWC) and metformin on ovarian weight and ovarian folliculogenesis in polycystic ovarian disease-induced rats. Material and Methods: An experimental animal study was carried out at the Physiology Department of Islamic International Medical College, Rawalpindi from April 2016 to March 2017. Forty female Sprague Dawley rats were divided initially into two groups. Group A (Normal Control) and Disease induced group. Standardized laboratory diet was fed to Group A while the disease induced group was given standardized laboratory diet and letrozole solution orally (1mg/kg) for 21 days to induce Polycystic ovary syndrome, which was established by observing estrous cycle of rats. Disease induced group was then split into group B (PCOS control), C (Aqueous Withania coagulans treated) and D (Metformin treated) and observed after 14 days. Groups A and B underwent ovarian dissection after 21 days and groups C and D underwent dissection at the end of experiment (after 35 days). Independent sample t-test was used for the comparison between the control and disease induced group. Results: Group B showed a significant increase in ovarian weight in comparison to group A rats (P < .05). Treatment with Withania coagulans and metformin significantly decreased ovarian weight (P < .05) and increased primary, Graafian, antral follicular count and corpus luteum along with reduction in cystic follicular count in letrozole-induced polycystic ovarian disease rats. Improved folliculogenesis was also observed in the same groups (groups C & D). Conclusions: Withania coagulans can be a substitute for improvement of ovarian follicular development in polycystic ovarian disease.

Introduction Medical education and training is taxing and may lead to different psychosocial stressors, behavioral problems, drug abuse and changes of lifestyles in medical students. Objectives: The present study was conducted in first year and final year female students to determine their sleep habits. Study Design: It was a cross- sectional study with one year (March 2010-March 2011) duration. Setting: Study was carried out in Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi and IIMC-T Railway General Hospital Rawalpindi. Subjects and methods: A total number of 30 female MBBS students were randomly selected and were divided into two groups. Group ˝A˝ was comprised of 15 female students from first year and Group “B” was consisted of 15 female students from final year class. Their sleep habits were assessed by sleep questionnaire. Results: Most of the First year female students (93.33) reported normal duration of sleep as compared to final year female students but they experienced more sleep difficulties like increased number of awakenings at night (P≤0.002) as well as less dream remembering. Conclusions: This study indicates that the first year female medical students have decreased quality of sleep and have more sleep difficulties as compared to final year students.