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In this study, new 4-chloro-5-(2-isopropyl-5-methylphenoxy)phthalonitrile compound, containing bioactive thymoxy group, and its metal-free phthalocyanine and metallo-phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesized for the first time. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods such as FTIR, UV–Vis, 1H-, and 13C-NMR (for phthalonitrile derivative), MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (for phthalocyanine derivatives) and elemental analysis as well. The phthalocyanines showed excellent solubility in polar and nonpolar solvents without aggregation and absorb at long wavelengths with their high molar coefficient. In N,N-dimethylformamide, the effects of the type of central metal ions [metal-free, indium(III) acetate, lutetium(III) acetate, magnesium(II) or zinc(II)] in the phthalocyanine, containing bioactive thymoxy group, cavity on the spectroscopic, photophysical, and photochemical properties of the phthalocyanines were determined. These features are compared with each other. Lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine did not show any fluorescence, while metal-free phthalocyanine and indium(III) acetate phthalocyanine showed low fluorescence. It was determined that magnesium phthalocyanine significantly enriched the fluorescence, and zinc phthalocyanine had appropriate and sufficient fluorescence. Lutetium(III) acetate and zinc(II), especially indium(III) acetate phthalocyanines, could produce large amounts of singlet oxygen. Metal-free and magnesium phthalocyanines had the capacity to produce sufficient singlet oxygen (it means production of enough amount of singlet oxygen by a photosensitizer candidate during PDT applications). All phthalocyanines have sufficient and suitable photostability (it means an ideal photosensitizer should be stable under light irradiation until complete its PDT activation, and it should be decomposed after its PDT activation so that it does not accumulate in the body). With these determined properties, magnesium(II), especially indium(III) acetate and zinc(II) phthalocyanines, may be suitable candidates as type II photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy applications. Lutetium(III) acetate phthalocyanine may be a photosensitizer candidate in photocatalytic applications.

Pyrazoline-fused peripheral zinc phthalocyanine (HY-ZnPcP) showed the highest singlet oxygen generation in DMSO, and it is thought to be a photosensitizer candidate for photodynamic therapy.

The conjugation of photosensitizer with collagen seems to be a very promising approach for innovative topical photodynamic therapy (PDT). The study aims to evaluate the effects of bovine collagen hydrolysate (Clg) on the properties of gallium (III) phthalocyanine (GaPc) on pigmented melanoma. The interaction of GaPc with Clg to form a conjugate (GaPc-Clg) showed a reduction of the intensive absorption Q-band (681 nm) with a blue shift of the maximum (678 nm) and a loss of shape of the UV-band (354 nm). The fluorescence of GaPc, with a strong emission peak at 694 nm was blue shifted due to the conjugation which lower intensity owing to reduce quantum yield (0.012 vs. 0.23, GaPc). The photo- and dark cytotoxicity of GaPc, Glg and GaPc-Clg on pigmented melanoma cells (SH-4) and two normal cell lines (BJ and HaCaT) showed a slight decrease of cytotoxicity for a conjugate, with low selectivity index (0.71 vs. 1.49 for GaPc). The present study suggests that the ability of collagen hydrolysate to form gels minimizes the high dark toxicity of GaPc. Collagen used for conjugation of a photosensitizer might be an essential step in advanced topical PDT.

© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.We demonstrate a BODIPY-based small molecule photopatterned surface by thiol-ene click chemistry at room temperature utilizing only 366 nm UV light. The resulting cross-linked polymer exhibits porous surfaces according to AFM and TEM results. A dramatic blue shift occurred in absorption spectra and the photoluminescence was also intensified as a result of crosslinking. Optical and electrochemical results are compatible with the DFT calculations. The obtained results prove that the photopatterned BODIPY-based material can be easily and inexpensively applied in multilayer optoelectronic devices.

In this work, the effect of the number of pyrene substituents in zinc(II) phthalocyanine molecules on the sensor properties of their hybrid materials with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) is studied. For this purpose, hybrid materials of SWCNTs modified with five different trioxyethylenethio substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines containing 0, 1, 2, and 4 methoxypyrene substituents in the phthalocyanine ring were prepared and characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. The chemiresistive sensor response of the prepared hybrids toward low concentrations of ammonia (1–100 ppm) was studied to reveal the effect of the number of pyrene substituents in the phthalocyanine ring on the sensor performance of the hybrid materials. It was demonstrated that the hybrids with zinc(II) phthalocyanine bearing four methoxypyrene substituents exhibited the maximal sensor response to ammonia with the limit of detection of 0.4 ppm. The sensitivity of the hybrid materials to ammonia was shown to be much higher than to CO2, H2, H2S, CH4, ethanol, acetone, and dichloromethane vapors, however, an oxidizing gas such as NO2 was an interfering compound in the determination of ammonia. 1 ppm NO2 show the same absolute value of the response than 10 ppm NH3. The quantum-chemical calculations were performed to explain this effect as well as the dependence of the binding energy of substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines with carbon nanotubes on the number of pyrene substituents.

Four mestranol moieties were chemically linked to Zn(II) phthalocyanine (4) by cycloaddition “Click” reaction using a tetra-azidoethoxy substituted Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (3). The alkyl-azido coupling reaction was realized between azido groups of 3 and alkyl group of mestranol. The alkylation reaction was carried out to obtain cationic Zn(II) phthalocyanine derivative (5). The new compounds were chemically characterized by the known analytical methods. The absorption and fluorescence properties were studied in comparison. The absorption maxima of phthalocyanines 3, 4 and 5 were recorded at approx. shifts of 8 - 12 nm in the far- red region (680 - 684 nm) and the fluorescence maxima (692 - 693 nm) as compared to unsubstituted ZnPc (672 nm, 680 nm) in DMSO. The studies of singlet oxygen generation of 3, 4 and 5 showed relatively high values such as 0.52 for 3; 0.51 for 4 and 0.46 for 5. The fluorescence lifetime of 3.15 ns (3), 3.25 ns (4) and 3.46 ns (5) were determined with lower than the value than for the used standard ZnPc (3.99 ns). The high photo stability was observed for compounds 3, 4 and 5. In addition, the photosensitized oxidation of cholesterol was compared for 3 and 4 with much lower values of oxidation potential than for unsubstituted ZnPc which suggests that the substitution groups influenced on the photooxidation index of the target molecule.

In the current research, two novel zinc(II) phthalocyanines (ZnPcs) (1 and 2) directly connecting with 4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl groups have been synthesized through the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction. These ZnPcs 1 and 2 were converted to their water-soluble derivatives (1Q and 2Q) by quaternization. The photochemical and photophysical properties were determined in DMSO for the non-ionic zinc(II) phthalocyanines (1 and 2) and in both DMSO and aqueous solutions for the quaternized cationic derivatives (1Q and 2Q) to establish their photosensitizer capabilities in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric techniques were employed for the determination of interaction between water-soluble ZnPcs (1Q and 2Q) and BSA or ct-DNA. The binding constants of these compounds to BSA were found in the order of 108 M−1. The binding constant of the ct-DNA interaction with 2Q (1.09 × 105 M−1) was found higher than 1Q (6.87 × 104 M−1). The thermodynamic constants were determined for both 1Q and 2Q. The endothermic and spontaneous nature of interaction was observed with ct-DNA. Besides, the thermal denaturation and viscosity studies proved the non-intercalative mode of binding for both compounds to ct-DNA.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has drawn a great scientific attention to cancer treatment over the last decades. However, the bottleneck for the PDT is to find good photosensitizers (PSs) with greater water solubility, no aggregation, and fast discharge from the body. Therefore, there are still a big scientific desire for the synthesizing new rational PSs for treatment of cancer by PDT technique. In favor of improving the competence of PDT, an axially bis[4-(diphenylamino-1,1′-biphenyl-4-ol)] substituted silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (3) was converted to its water-soluble quaternized derivative (3Q). Their structures were fully characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and different spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, UV–Vis, MALDI-TOF, and 1H-NMR. The photophysical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, and the photochemical properties such as singlet oxygen generation of both phthalocyanines were investigated. Ground and excited-state calculations were performed to explain the observed electronic absorption spectra. The addition of the 4-diphenylamino-1,1′-biphenyl-4-ol groups on the axially positions of the silicon(IV) phthalocyanine increased the singlet oxygen quantum yield from 0.15 to around 0.20. Especially quaternized compound 3Q showed high singlet oxygen quantum yield of 0.26 in water solution. In addition, a spectroscopic investigation of the binding behavior of the quaternized silicon (IV) phthalocyanine complex to bovine serum albumin (BSA) is also studied in this work, confirming the possible interaction. Further theoretical calculations were carried out to find out the plausible-binding regions of the BSA protein.

The current study describes the synthesis, electrochemical, computational, and photochemical properties of octa (3-hydroxypropylthio) substituted cobalt (II) (4), copper (II) (5), nickel (II) (6) and zinc(II) (7) phthalocyanine derivatives. These novel compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis, and MS. The redox behaviors of these metallophthalocyanines were investigated by the cyclic voltammetric method. The optimized molecular structure and gauge-including atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values of these phthalocyanines in the ground state had been calculated by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set. The outcomes of the optimized molecular structure were given and compared with the experimental NMR values. The photochemical properties including photodegradation and singlet oxygen generation of zinc(II) phthalocyanine were studied in DMSO solution for the determination of its photosensitizer behaviors. © This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

In this work, 2-chloro-6-methoxyquinoline-3-carbaldehyde was reacted with [4-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]acetic acid to obtain 2-(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)phenyl-4-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-butenoic acid as a phthalocyanine precursor. This compound was heated in 2-dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of zinc acetate to yield 2,9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis[2-phenoxy-4-(2-chloro-6-methoxyquinolin-3-yl)-3-butenoic acid] substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine. Some thiols, namely n-butanethiol (R1), n-hexanethiol (R2), 3-sulfanylpropionic acid (R3), and 7-sulfanyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (R4), were reacted with this zinc(II) phthalocyanine compound. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction occurred at the chloro substituent of the respective quinoline on the phthalocyanine framework. The fluorescence behavior, singlet oxygen generation, and photostability properties of these novel phthalocyanines were investigated. These compounds may be potential photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy and deserve further study.

In this study, compounds 1 and 2, and their silicon(IV) phthalocyanine (SiPc) derivatives 3 and 4, which bear these ligands as substituents on the axial positions were synthesized. These SiPcs (3 and 4) were also converted to their water soluble derivatives (3a and 4a). All these novel compounds were fully characterized by a combination of spectroscopic data such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and UV-vis as well as mass spectroscopy. The photophysicochemical properties (fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, singlet oxygen, and photodegradation quantum yields) were investigated in DMSO for all the studied SiPcs (3 and 4) and in both DMSO and aqueous solutions for the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a). Effects of quaternization of these phthalocyanines on photophysicochemical properties were also determined. The photodynamic therapy activities of the water soluble SiPcs (3a and 4a) were tested against to the HeLa cancer cell lines and these phthalocyanines exhibited cytotoxicity against these cell lines.

Background/aim The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different epidural initiation volumes on postoperative pain scores, analgesic requirements, and side effects in pregnant women administered patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) for postoperative pain after cesarean sections. Materials and methods Eighty-one pregnant women, aged 18–45 years, were included in this randomized, double-blind study. Combined spinal epidural anesthesia was administered for each cesarean section. The patients were divided into 3 groups and different volumes (20 mL, 10 mL, and 5 mL) of the study drug (0.0625% bupivacaine plus 2 μg/mL of fentanyl) were administered 90 min after the spinal block via epidural catheter. The visual analogue scale (VAS) scores at rest and during movement, first PCEA dose time, number of PCEA doses required per hour, total analgesic consumed, and side effects were recorded postoperatively. Results There were no statistically significant differences among the groups in terms of the VAS rest and VAS movement scores. The times to the first analgesic dose requirement were longer in Group 10 and Group 20 than in Group 5. The analgesic requirement during the first 2 h was lower in Group 20 than in the other groups. Conclusions The PCEA initiations with different volumes provided similar pain scores. However, the 20 mL volume resulted in a lower analgesic dose requirement during the early postoperative period, and it also delayed the requirement for analgesia.

Small molecule-G-quadruplex DNA interaction has been gained considerable interest due to existence of G-quadruplex structures in telomeres and promotor regions of proto-oncogenes. In the present study, the interaction of 2(3), 9(10), 16(17), 23(24)-tetrakis-[(N-methyl-3-pyridyloxy)phthalocyaninato]chloro gallium (III) sulphate (TGaPc) and 2, 3, 9, 10, 16, 17, 23, 24-octakis-[(N-methyl-3-pyridyloxy) phthalocyaninato]chloro gallium (III) sulphate (OGaPc) with different DNA forms (ctDNA and G-quadruplex DNAs) was investigated. The interactions of compounds with DNA was extensively investigated by different methods, such as capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) integrated with a high sensitivity LED-induced fluorescence detector, UV–Vis and circular dichroism spectroscopy, competitive dialysis experiments. UV–Vis. titrations and CGE studies showed that the two phthalocyanine compounds interacted with the G-quadruplex and ctDNA, but the binding affinity of TGaPc was high for AS1411. Dialysis experiments also supported the higher affinity of TGaPc to AS1411. CD studies showed that both TGaPc and OGaPc caused destabilization of Tel21 structure even at low concentrations. This was more or less observed in other G-quadruplex DNAs other than AS1411. The structure of AS1411 remained intact at binding stoichiometric ratios. The viscosimetric studies and gel electrophoresis studies have been used to explore the interaction of TGaPc and OGaPc with ctDNA. The viscosity experiments along with gel electrophoresis confirmed the intercalation binding for ctDNA with OGaPc and groove binding for TGaPc. All results show that these molecules interact with different DNA types at different strengths and different mechanisms and the binding affinity of TGaPc was high for AS1411. Therefore, these compounds have the potential for cancer treatment., G-quadruplex DNA Phthalocyanines Interaction Binding mechanism

DNA is an important target for the development of chemotherapeutic drug design due to increased and uncontrolled cell proliferation of cancer cells. In the present study, the affinity of water-soluble gallium(III) phthalocyanine chloride (GaPc) non-peripherally substituted with 2-mercapto-N-methylpyridinium groups to different types of DNA (double-stranded ctDNA and G-quadruplex DNA) was investigated. The interaction mechanisms were evaluated by UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic techniques, competitive dialysis assay, and capillary gel electrophoresis (CGE) system integrated with a high sensitivity LED-induced fluorescence (LIF) detector. Binding mode studies were carried out by molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulations. The experimental binding constants were determined as 1.9 × 106 M−1, 1.1 × 106 M−1, 8.5 × 105 M−1, 2.9 × 104 M−1 for c-MYC, AS1411, Tel21, and ctDNA, respectively. Competitive binding assay confirmed the higher affinity towards G-quadruplex structure rather than ctDNA. The GaPc-G-quadruplex DNA conjugates showed higher Kb constants and a strong absorption band closer to NIR window which is a desired feature for the photodynamic therapy applications. Besides, experimental data show that the formation of GaPc-G-quadruplex DNA conjugates reduced the aggregation of GaPc. Reduction of aggregation of phthalocyanine is important. Because aggregation decreases the photoactivity of most photosensitizers. The experimental results suggested that both intercalative and non‑intercalative binding contributions occurred in the case of double-stranded ctDNA. Confirming experiments, molecular docking studies showed that the GaPc can bind from two different major groove regions in double-stranded DNA while only one binding mode was observed in the G-quadruplex DNA. Both experimental and computational studies suggested that the conformational change and unfolding mechanism in G-quadruplex DNA structure were determined upon interaction with GaPc.

In this work, hybrid materials of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) noncovalently functionalized with fluoroalkyl- (SWCNT/ZnPc-CF) and alkyl- (SWCNT/ZnPc-CH) substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanines were prepared. The effect of fluorination of the substituents in phthalocyanine macrocycle on the functionalization degree of carbon nanotubes and sensor response to ammonia was investigated. It was shown that the type of substituents in the phthalocyanine macrocycle showed noticeable effect both on the degree of functionalization of carbon nanotubes and on the sensing performance of the investigated hybrids. The amount of phthalocyanine molecules adsorbed on SWCNT walls was shown to be 1.5 times higher in the SWCNT/ZnPc-CH hybrid. The SWCNT/ZnPc-CF layer exhibited 2 times less chemiresistive sensor response to ammonia than SWCNT/ZnPc-CH, while its sensor response was more stable at 70% relative humidity.

Phthalonitrile (3) including 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thio substituent and its peripherally tetra substituted metal-free (4), zinc(II) (5) and lead(II) (6) phthalocyanine derivatives were prepared and characterized by FTIR, mass, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopic data. All studied phthalocyanines had good solubility in common organic solvents and did not aggregate. The photophysical and photochemical behaviors of the phthalocyanine complexes (4–6) were examined in DMSO to determinate their PDT potential. Singlet oxygen, fluorescence and photodegradation quantum yields showed that zinc(II) phthalocyanine (5) has potential as Type II photosensitizer for PDT applications.

The phthalonitrile (3) and its peripherally tetra 4-(3-morpholinophenoxy) substituted metal-free (4), lead(II) (5) and zinc(II) (6) phthalocyanine derivatives were synthesized. The structures of 3-6 were confirmed by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MALDI-TOF mass, UV-vis and fluorescence spectral data. The solubility and aggregation behaviors of 4-6 were determined in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform (CHCl3) and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2). The observed sharp absorptions were evidence of formation of non-aggregated phthalocyanine species at the studied concentration. The effects of the substituent and central metal ions (metal-free, zinc or lead) on spectroscopic and photophysicochemical properties were determined. Their photophysicochemical properties such as fluorescence quantum yields and lifetimes, singlet oxygen generation and photodegradation quantum yields were investigated in DMSO. The fluorescence spectra of metal-free (4) and lead(II) (5) phthalocyanines were not recorded due to negligible fluorescence emissions of these phthalocyanines. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine (6) had 0.17 fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) and 1.42 fluorescence lifetime (τF). The phthalocyanines (4-6) had 0.18, 0.41, 0.52 singlet oxygen quantum yields (ΦΔ) and 0.51, 3.90, 0.46 photodegradation quantum yields (ΦΔ), respectively. The zinc(II) phthalocyanine (6) in particular could be a potential Type II photosensitizer candidate for photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a curative method, firstly developed for cancer therapy with fast response after treatment and minimum side effects. Two zinc(II) phthalocyanines (3ZnPc and 4ZnPc) and a hydroxycobalamin (Cbl) were investigated on two breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) in comparison to normal cell lines (MCF-10 and BALB 3T3). The novelty of this study is a complex of non-peripherally methylpyridiloxy substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (3ZnPc) and the evaluation of the effects on different cell lines due to the addition of second porphyrinoid such as Cbl. The results showed the complete photocytotoxicity of both ZnPc-complexes at lower concentrations (

In this study; phthalonitrile compounds 4-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)phthalonitrile (4) and 3-((5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)phthalonitrile (5) were synthesized. These compounds were converted to their respective peripherally and non-peripherally tetra-substituted zinc(II) (6 and 7) and lead(II) (8 and 9) phthalocyanine derivatives. The novel phthalocyanine complexes were characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques including FT-IR, UV–Vis, 1H NMR and mass. The spectroscopic, photochemical and photophysical properties of the phthalocyanines were investigated for determination of their potential as photosensitizers for photodynamic therapy. In addition, the effects of the substituent, binding position and the variety of central metal ions in phthalocyanine core on photochemical and photophysical properties were determined.

In this paper, a series of new metallophthalocyanines including ferrocene groups were designed, synthesized-characterized, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated as alternative electron donor material in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells. These products were synthesized by a Sonogashira cross-coupling reaction between tetraiodophthalocyanine and ethynyl ferrocene. The newly synthesized phthalocyanines (4-6) were characterized by FT-IR, UV-Vis, 1H NMR and MALDI-TOF spectroscopic methods and elemental analysis as well. The electrochemical characterizations were carried out by using cyclic voltammetry as well as differential pulse voltammetry technique. Density functional theory calculations were realized to prove in the charge separation between ferrocene as electron-donor and phthalocyanine ring as acceptor. According to UV-Vis measurements, a 25 nm red shift was observed for complex 4 compared with the complexes 5 and 6. Finally, the photovoltaic performance of these compounds used as electron donor moiety in BHJ device were investigated. A function of different blend ratio was tested by fabricating a series of BHJ devices with the architecture of FTO/PEDOT:PSS/4-6: PCBM blend/Ag with identical thickness of active layer. Results indicated that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency of BHJ devices exhibited strongly blend ratio dependence. Maximum power conversion efficiency was obtained by 5 based devices as 3.65 % with blend ratio of 1.5:1.0 under standard AM 1.5 illumination

In the present study, the phthalocyanine (Pc) integrated mercaptopropionic acid capped quantum dot (mpa@QD) biosensor has been developed for the quantitative determination of G-quadruplex and doublestranded DNA. The working principle of the developed biosensor platform is based on the quenching of the emission signal of the mpa@QD in the presence of Pc (closed position) and the recovery of the fluorescence signal in the presence of DNA (open position). The parameters affecting biosensor performance, such as Pc type and concentration, were optimized. Since the developed biosensor aimed to determine G-quadruplex and doublestranded DNA in biological samples, the effect of common ions (such as Na+, Mg2+) and serum albumin found in many biological matrices on the biosensor performance were examined. The effect of common ions on biosensor signal was negligible, except Zn2+. The analytical properties of the biosensor, such as linear range, calibration sensitivity, relative standard deviation %, the limit of detection, and quantification, were determined. The limit of detection and quantification values were found 0.055 μM and 0.18 μM for AS1411, 0.061 μM and 0.20 μM for Tel21, 0.038 μM and 0.13 μM for Tel45 and 0.091 μM and 0.30 μM for ctDNA. Several different synthetic samples were prepared. The spiked synthetic samples such as mammalian cell medium were used to evaluate the analytical performance of Pc-mpa@QD. All synthetic samples were prepared with polyethylene glycol, which resembles biological samples’ crowded environment.

The scope of this study is based on the synthesis of 4-(1,5-diphenyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)phenol (1) substituted new dicyano compounds (3a–3b) and its peripheral and non-peripheral tetra substituted ZnIIPcs (4a–4b) and MgIIPcs (5a–5b). The characterization of all compounds was fulfilled by using common spectroscopic techniques. Afterwards, the photochemical properties of ZnIIPcs (4a–4b) and MgIIPcs (5a–5b) were examined in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solutions. These phthalocyanine complexes exhibited good solubility in many organic solvents such as toluene, acetone, dichloromethane, THF, chloroform, DMF and DMSO. As a result, the influence of the substituent location and diverse central metal ions (zinc(II) or magnesium(II)) in new phthalocyanine complexes on their photochemical properties were researched in DMSO.

In the present work, novel composite thin films are investigated and applied as active layers in organic solar cells with improved performance. The novel composite materials are based on blends of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) with phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) with the addition of symmetrically substituted zinc(II) phthalocyanine derivative bearing eight polyoxyethylene substituents ( ZnPc-0py ) or pyrene containing asymmetric zinc phthalocyanine ( ZnPc-1py ). The study of these novel composites in organic solar cells was carried out in two stages; firstly P3HT: ZnPc-0py and P3HT: ZnPc-1py were used as sensitizer layers between the active layer and PEDOT:PSS which has resulted in a declined power conversion efficiency compared to a P3HT:PCBM reference device. In the second stage ZnPc-0py and ZnPc-1py derivatives were used separately as a component in ternary blends within a mixture of poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (P3HT-PCBM in the ratio of 1:1) as an OSC active layer P3HT:PCBM. The photovoltaic characteristics of thin films of these blends have been investigated and optimum performance of ternary OSC devices has been identified. A ternary organic solar cell comprising P3HT:PCBM: ZnPc-1py as the active layer has demonstrated a power conversion efficiency as high as 2.96%, with fill factor of 57%, short circuit current density of 8.14 mAcm −2 and open circuit voltage of 0.64 V.

This study consist the production of Q-ZnPc/TiO2 nanocomposites using two quaternized zinc phthalocyanine molecules as sensitizer using sol–gel procedure. Water soluble non-peripheral and peripheral zinc(II)-phthalocyanine compounds; namely (Q-ZnPc)N and (Q-ZnPc)P; have been specially designed to increase the polarity of the macrocycle. Geometric orientation and polarity are important parameters for production of effective dye-sensitized TiO2 nanocomposites. The enhanced photocatalytic properties have been tested for methylene blue (MB, 10 mg/L) and chromium (VI)(10 mg/L) ions as model pollutant compounds using UV light (≥365 nm, 6 W) at 1 g/L catalyst mass. The nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). (Q-ZnPc)P/TiO2 has anatase crystal structure while (Q-ZnPc)N/TiO2 has amorphous character. These macromolecules seem to be effecting the orientation of the catalyst. Produced catalysts were so effective for both model pollutants that total degradation was achieved after 30 min exposure for Cr(VI) and almost 93.57% of MB was decomposed within 90 min exposure. Moreover, Cr(VI) removal% was extremely high even dark conditions.

Two novel cyclotriphosphazene compounds (Cpz-2, 3) bearing mono- and distyryl(pyrene) borondipyrromethene (BODIPY) dyes (Bod-4, 5) were synthesized and characterized by using elemental analysis, FT-IR, MALDI-TOF, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 31P NMR techniques. The photophysical properties of these novel compounds were investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical properties were investigated by CV and SWV measurements. Subsequently, electrochromic properties of novel cyclotriphosphazene compounds (Cpz-2, 3) and their precursor dyes (Bod-4, 5) were investigated via in-situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. According to results, they gave electrochemically manufactured types having various colors in their diverse oxidation states in solution, suggesting that they may have a significant role in development of the color exchange matter in electrochromic device technologies.

The photodynamic impact of water-soluble zwitterionic zinc phthalocyanines (ZnPc1–4) was studied on pathogenic bacterial strains after specific light exposure (LED 665 nm). The structural differences between the studied ZnPc1–4 are in the positions and the numbers of substitution groups as well as in the bridging atoms (sulfur or oxygen) between substituents and macrocycle. The three peripherally substituted compounds (ZnPc1–3) are tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)oxypyridine (ZnPc1), tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc2), and octa-substituted 2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc3). The nonperipherally substituted compound is tetra-2-(N-propanesulfonic acid)mercaptopyridine (ZnPc4). The uptake and localization capability are studied on Gram (+) Enterococcus faecalis and Gram (−) Pseudomonas aeruginosa as suspensions and as 48 h biofilms. Relatively high accumulations of ZnPc1–4 show bacteria in suspensions with different cell density. The compounds have complete penetration in E. faecalis biofilms but with nonhomogenous distribution in P. aeruginosa biomass. The cytotoxicity test (Balb/c 3T3 Neutral Red Uptake) with ZnPc1–4 suggests the lack of dark toxicity on normal cells. However, only ZnPc3 has a minimal photocytotoxic effect toward Balb/c 3T3 cells and a comparable high potential in the photoinactivation of pathogenic bacterial species.

The effect of ketofol, a mixture of ketamine and propofol in various ratios, on hemodynamic, for intubation without the use of neuromuscular blockers, has not been elucidated in patients undergoing tympanomastoidectomy. We evaluated the effects of ketofol and propofol on intubation conditions and hemodynamic without the use of a neuromuscular blocker. The prospective randomized, double-blinded study was scheduled for tympanoplasty or mastoidectomy. The patients were divided randomly into a propofol group (Group P) and a ketofol group (Group KP). Intubation conditions, changes in hemodynamics, HR, MAP, systolic arterial pressure (SAP), and SpO2 values were recorded before induction, after induction, after intubation, and at 3-min intervals during the first 30 min, 5-min intervals for the next 30 min, and 10-min intervals after that. In the intragroup evaluation, SAP, DAP, MAP and HR values were lower in both groups compared to the baseline values. Hemodynamic values were significantly lower in Group P than in Group KP after intubation compared to baseline. DAP at 12 and 18 min, DAP and MAP at 24 min, SAP, DAP and MAP at 27 min, and SAP and MAP at 30 min after the start of the operation were significantly lower in Group P than in Group KP. The need for ephedrine and the number of patients who required ephedrine were significantly lower in Group KP than in Group P. Ketofol provided appropriate intubation conditions similar to propofol, without the use of a neuromuscular blocker, and contributed to better hemodynamic conditions in patients undergoing tympanomastoidectomy. [Med-Science 2019; 8(2.000): 381-4]

Asymmetrically substituted zinc phthalocyanine (Pc) derivatives bearing quaternized triazolyl moieties for water solubility and iodine as a heavy metal atom have been investigated as singlet oxygen generators in aqueous media. In addition to the heavy atom effect exerted by iodine covalently bonded to the Pc molecule, a second dimensional effect induced by aggregation which brings the iodine anions of triazolyl units into closer proximity to the Pc core leading to the highest reported singlet oxygen generation for a Pc derivative in water ( Φ Δ = 0.87).

Octa-(4-tyrosylamido) phenyl substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPcTyr8) was synthesized and characterized as potential photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT). The new ZnPcTyr8 was evaluated in comparison to recently synthesized tetra-(4-tyrosylamido) phenyl substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPcTyr) and used as a standard unsubstituted Zn(II) phthalocyanine (ZnPc). The photophysical properties of absorption and fluorescence, and photochemical properties of singlet oxygen generation and photostability as well as in vitro photocytotoxicity property were investigated. The irradiation from a light-emitting diode (LED 665 nm) with a dose of 50 J cm−2 and a fluence of 60 mW cm−2 was applied. The obtained results suggested improved photophysicochemical properties of singlet oxygen generation for tyrosine-conjugated Zn(II)-phthalocyanines. In addition the tyrosine substitution to ZnPc is liable for gentle photocytotoxicity which is in contrast to the harsh phototoxic effect determined for ZnPc on tumor and normal cell lines. Among both tyrosine substituted Zn(II) phthalocyanines, a novel ZnPcTyr8 has advantages of water solubility and proper values of the main photophysicochemical properties responsible for PDT efficacy.

In this work, a new cobalt phthalocyanine derivative bearing 5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-mercaptopyridine substituents (CoPc) was synthesized and characterized. The redox properties of CoPc were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and square wave voltammetry (SWV) methods. The sensing performance of CoPc thin films deposited by spin coating of its solution in ethylacetate was studied against low concentrations of ammonia (0.3 to 50 ppm) by measuring changes in the films’ conductivity at different humidity. It has been shown that the CoPc-based sensor displays an improved ammonia sensing performance in terms of sensitivity, response and recovery times. Ammonia can be detected in the presence of volatile organic vapors, and its detection limit was found to be 0.3 ppm. At the same time, low concentrations of CO2 comparable with the concentrations of ammonia do not influence on the sensitivity of CoPc film to ammonia, however the sensor response noticeably distorts in the presence of high CO2 concentrations in the gas mixture.

Our hypothesis was that intubations with the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope in elderly patients would produce less hemodynamic responses and ECG changes than the Macintosh direct laryngoscope. The patients were divided into two groups: patients who were intubated using the McGRATH MAC (Group V, n = 45) and patients who were intubated using the Macintosh direct laryngoscope (Group L, n = 45). Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR) were recorded before induction with anesthesia (baseline), immediately after induction and at 1 min, 3 min, and 5 min after intubation, with simultaneous ECG. When Group L was compared to Group V, there was an increase in the first, third and fitth minutes after intubation in terms of HR. SBP, MAP increased only at 1 min after intubation and DBP increased in the first and third minutes after intubation in Group L. In Group L, there was a significant difference in the HR values immediately after induction and the first minute after intubation compared with the baseline values. There was a difference in the SBP values immediately after induction and at 3 min and 5 min after intubation compared with the baseline values. There was a difference in DBP and MAP values immediately after induction and at 5 min after intubation. When the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope was compared with the Macintosh direct laryngoscope in elderly patients, the McGRATH MAC videolaryngoscope decreased the hemodynamic fluctuations due to tracheal intubation.

Zinc(II) (5), indium(III) (6), and lutetium(III) (7) phthalocyanines (Pcs) peripherally substituted with poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) monomethyl ether 2000 (PEGME-2000) blocks were synthesized via Sonogashira coupling reaction with high yields and their photophysical, photochemical and photobiological properties were investigated. We elucidated the interactions of these compounds with calf thymus DNA and bovine serum albumin (BSA), and determined K(DNA) and K(BSA) binding constants at degrees of 105 and 106, respectively. Singlet oxygen quantum yields were found (Ф∆ = 0.44, 0.54, and 0.68 for 5, 6, and 7, respectively). Thermodynamic parameters, as well as thermal denaturation profile of double-stranded CT-DNA were examined to determine the type of binding mode. According to our experimental data, we report that PEGME-2000 favors the formation of binary complex between DNA, and phthalocyanine complexes. Therein, thermodynamic data suggest that this binding mode is indeed spontaneous under reported conditions, and rather non-specific. Additionally, Pcs 5, 6, and 7 substituted with PEGME-2000 blocks showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, as well as fungi (yeast), and Pc 5 had the highest antimicrobial activity among them, as revealed by disc diffusion assay results. In short, our results suggest that these compounds could be used for photodynamic therapy, they have both antibacterial and antifungal activity, and the binding ability of new phthalocyanines 5, 6, and 7 with BSA paves the way for their utilization as drug vehicle in blood plasma.