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The first-order phase transition and associated magnetocaloric properties of Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni0.95Cr0.05Si0.95Al0.05 have been studied by x-ray diffraction and dc magnetization measurements. The diffraction data for the sample showed that both the orthorhombic and hexagonal crystalline phases coexisted at room temperature. The temperature dependence of magnetization was measured at a constant field of 0.2 T. The first-order phase transition was observed at 325 K during heating and at 306 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 19 K. For magnetic field change of 5 T, the entropy changes evaluated from the isothermal magnetization data peaked at 322 K during warming and at 313 K during cooling, showing a thermomagnetic hysteresis of 9 K. This difference in the magnitude of the thermomagnetic hysteresis was attributed to the virgin effect due to stress and crack formation during the first cooling from hexagonal to orthorhombic phase. Peak entropy changes of −16 J kg−1 K−1 and −42 J kg−1 K−1 were observed on heating for field changes of 2 and 5 T, respectively. The related refrigeration capacities were 74 J/kg (2 T) and 194 J/kg (5 T).

The overview describes the main directions and results of the IV International Conference on Agricultural Engineering and Green Infrastructure for Sustainable Development (AEGISD-IV 2024) held in Tashkent on 28-30 March 2024. It gives the details about the participants and the proceedings.

Owing to the relative abundance of its constituent elements and large magnetocaloric properties observed near room temperature, the AlFe2B2 system has attracted much attention recently. Here, we have studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Al0.85+xSi0.15Fe2B2 (x = 0.2, 0.4) prepared by drop-casting followed by annealing and acid treatment. The second order ferromagnetic phase transitions were observed near room temperature (∼298–305 K) and peak magnetic entropy changes (−ΔSM) of more than −6 J kg−1 K−1 were observed for a field change of 5 T. The results are discussed in terms of the impurity phases formed in the compounds due to excess aluminum.

We have synthesized a series of Co-doped Mn0.5Fe0.5Ni1−xCoxSi0.94Al0.06 (0.025 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) alloys by arc melting followed by a rapidly quenched vacuum suction casting technique and studied the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the system. All measurements were performed on the as-cast and annealed samples. X-ray diffraction data indicated that the samples exhibited a hexagonal phase at room temperature. Magnetization data showed that the annealed samples exhibited significantly larger transition temperatures than the as-cast samples. All samples showed the first-order phase transition with a thermomagnetic hysteresis of more than 20 K. The phase transitions were accompanied by isothermal entropy changes of as large as −16.4 J kg−1 K−1 and −42.4 J kg−1 K−1 for field changes of 20 and 50 kOe, respectively. Large refrigeration capacities and temperature averaged entropy changes of up to 201 J/kg and 34.05 J kg−1 K−1, respectively, were observed for a field change of 50 kOe.

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to monitor the concept of ‘leaving no one behind’ in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to track the implications of the mobilization of health care resources by the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF) of Sudan. Methods A cross-sectional study was used to monitor ‘leaving no one behind’ in NHIF by analyzing the secondary data of the information system for the year 2016. The study categorized the catchment areas of health care centers (HCCS) according to district administrative divisions, which are neighborhood, subdistrict, district, and zero. The District Division Administrative Disaggregation Data (DDADD) framework was developed and investigated with the use of descriptive statistics, maps of Sudan, the Mann-Whitney test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and health equity catchment indicators. SPSS ver. 18 and EndNote X8 were also used. Results The findings show that the NHIF has mobilized HCCs according to coverage of the insured population. This mobilization protected the insured poor in high-coverage insured population districts and left those living in very low-coverage districts behind. The Mann-Whitney test presented a significant median difference in the utilization rate between catchment areas (P value

We present an experimental study on the crystalline, magnetic, and magnetocaloric properties of Ni deficient (Mn-rich) (Mn0.525Fe0.5)Ni0.975Si0.95Al0.05. The study has been performed by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dc magnetization measurements. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the sample primarily exhibited the orthorhombic structure at room temperature. The coupled structural and ferromagnetic transition occurred at ∼338 K, which is significantly larger than ∼320 K observed in (Mn0.50Fe0.5)NiSi0.95Al0.05. Maximum magnetic entropy changes of ΔSM = −9.5 and 25 J kg−1K−1 for ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have been observed in the material. Large refrigeration capacities of 60 J/kg and 160 J/kg for field changes of ΔH = 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively, have also been observed.

We have studied the magneto-transport properties of a series of ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds. For all Cu concentration (x ≤ 0.5) the samples exhibited the L21 cubic structure at room temperature and demonstrated superconductivity below 2 K. A superconducting phase transition temperature of as low as ∼1 K and a critical magnetic field of 1.78 T was observed in the system. A linear extrapolation of TC to T = 0 highly indicated that a stoichiometry-dependent superconducting quantum phase transition may occur in ZrNi2-xCuxGa at xc = 0.90.

Abstract Background Portal use has been studied among outpatients, but its utility and impact on inpatients is unclear. This study describes portal adoption and use among hospitalized cancer patients and investigates associations with selected safety, utilization, and satisfaction measures. Methods A retrospective review of 4594 adult hospitalized cancer patients was conducted between 2012 and 2014 at Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville, Florida, comparing portal adopters, who registered for a portal account prior to hospitalization, with nonadopters. Adopters were classified by their portal activity during hospitalization as active or inactive inpatient users. Univariate and several logistic and linear regression models were used for analysis. Results Of total patients, 2352 (51.2%) were portal adopters, and of them, 632 (26.8%) were active inpatient users. Portal adoption was associated with patients who were young, female, married, with higher income, and had more frequent hospitalizations (P .05). Conclusions Over half of our cancer inpatients adopted a portal prior to hospitalization, with increased adoption associated with predisposing and enabling determinants (eg: age, sex, marital status, income), and increased inpatient use associated with need (eg: nonlocal residence and disease severity). Additional research and greater effort to expand the portal functionality is needed to impact inpatient outcomes.

Abstract Background In 2015, YMCA afterschool programs (ASPs) across South Carolina, USA pledged to achieve the YMCA physical activity standard calling for all children to accumulate 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while attending their ASPs. This study presents the final two-year outcomes from the dissemination and implementation efforts associated with achieving this MVPA standard. Methods Twenty ASPs were sampled from all South Carolina YMCA-operated ASPs (N = 97) and visited at baseline (2015) and first (2016) and second year (2017) follow-up. All ASPs were provided training to increase MVPA during the program by extending the scheduled time for activity opportunities and modifying commonly played games to increase MVPA. The RE-AIM framework was used to evaluate the statewide intervention. Accelerometer-derived MVPA was the primary outcome. Intent-to-treat (ITT) models were conducted summer 2017. Programs were also classified, based on changes in MVPA from 2015 to 2016 and 2016–2017, into one of three categories: gain, maintain, or lost. Implementation, within the three groups, was evaluated via direct observation and document review. Results Adoption during the first year was 45% of staff attending training, with this increasing to 67% of staff during the second year. ITT models indicated no increase in the odds of accumulating 30 min of MVPA after the first year for either boys (odds ratio [OR] 1.06, 95CI 0.86–1.31) or girls (OR 1.14, 95CI 0.87–1.50), whereas an increase in the odds was observed during the second year for boys (OR 1.31, 95CI 1.04–1.64) and girls (OR 1.50 95CI 1.01–1.80). Programs that lost MVPA (avg. − 5 to − 7.5 min/d MVPA) elected to modify their program in a greater number of non-supportive ways (e.g., reduce time for activity opportunities, less time spent outdoors), whereas ASPs that gained MVPA (avg. + 5.5 to + 10.1 min MVPA) elected to modify their program in more supportive ways. Conclusions The statewide study demonstrated minimal improvements in overall MVPA. However, child MVPA was dramatically influenced by ASPs who elected to modify their daily program in more supportive than non-supportive ways, with no one program modifying their program consistently across the multi-year initiative. These findings have important implications for organizations seeking to achieve the MVPA standard. Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration: NCT02394717.

We have explored the structural and superconducting properties of ZrNi2-xTMxGa (TM = Cu, Co) Heusler compounds via x-ray diffraction, scanning electron mi croscopy, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization and ac susceptibility measurements. All samples crystallized in the cubic L21 structure at room temperature. For x ≤ 0.25, all the ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds showed superconducting properties and a decrease in TC with increasing Cu concentration. The dc magnetization data suggested type-II superconductivity for all the Cu-doped compounds. Contrary to the ZrNi2-xCuxGa compounds, no superconductivity was observed in the ZrNi2-xCoxGa compounds. Substitution of Ni by a small concentration of Co destroyed superconductivity in the Co-doped compounds. The experimental results are discussed and possible explanations are provided.

The phase transitions and associated magnetocaloric properties of the Ni2Mn0.55CoxCr0.45-xGa (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25) Heusler alloy system have been investigated. All samples exhibit a first-order martensitic phase transition, evidenced by a sharp drop in the resistivity versus temperature data and a thermomagnetic irreversibility in the dc magnetization data of the respective samples. Large magnetic entropy changes have also been observed near the phase transitions. The martensitic transformation temperature increases as Cr is partially replaced with Co. Additionally, this substitution leads to a partial decoupling of the magnetic and structural phase transitions, dramatically suppressing any magnetic hysteresis losses. Furthermore, the change in electrical resistivity during the phase transition remains relatively constant across the system, despite major changes in the degree of structural disorder and magnetostructural phase transition coupling. Detailed experimental results and conjectures as to the origin of these behaviors have been provided.

The superconducting properties of a series of Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, electrical resistivity, dc magnetization, and ac susceptibility measurements. While the parent compound, ZrNi2Ga, exhibited the cubic L21 Heusler structure, multiple non-cubic structures formed in the Zr and Ni rich doped materials. For x ≤ 0.3, all Zr1-xNi2+xGa compounds demonstrated superconducting behavior, but no superconductivity was observed in the Zr1+xNi2-xGa alloys for x > 0.2. The magnetization data revealed that all materials in both Zr1+xNi2-xGa and Zr1-xNi2+xGa series exhibited type-II superconductivity. With increasing doping concentration x, the paramagnetic ordering were enhanced in both systems while the superconducting properties were found to weaken. The observations are discussed considering the structural disorders in the systems.

Here we report on the structural and magnetic properties of Ni0.2Mn3.2Ga0.6 melt-spun ribbons. The as-spun ribbons were found to exhibit mixed cubic phases that transform to non-cubic structure upon annealing. Additionally, an amorphous phase was found to co-exist in all ribbons. The SEM images show that minor grain formation occurs on the as-spun ribbons. However, the formation of extensive nano-grains was observed on the surfaces of the annealed ribbons. While the as-spun ribbons exhibit predominantly paramagnetic behavior, the ribbons annealed under various thermal conditions were found to be ferromagnetic with a Curie temperature of about 380 K. The ribbons annealed at 450 °C for 30 minutes exhibit a large coercive field of about 2500 Oe. The experimental results show that the microstructure and associated magnetic properties of the ribbons can be controlled by annealing techniques. The coercive fields and the shape of the magnetic hysteresis loops vary significantly with annealing conditions. Exchange bias effects have also been observed in the annealed ribbons.

An experimental study has been performed on a series of Ni2Mn0.4-xFexCr0.6Ga Heusler alloys. At room temperature, the alloys crystallize in either the tetragonal martensite (x < 0.1) or cubic L21 structure (x ≥ 0.1). Additionally, a Cr-Fe based face-centered cubic γ-Fe type secondary phase was found to co-exist in the samples. Magnetization and transport measurements revealed that the Curie and martensitic transition temperatures decrease as Mn is replaced with Fe. Atypical to other Ni2MnGa-derivative Heusler alloys, the transition temperatures decrease at the same rate with respect to x for x ≥ 0.1. Thus, the two transitions do not couple in to a single magnetostructural transition at any composition. Transport measurements revealed that all samples exhibit a sharp drop in resistivity during the martensitic phase transition (13 - 17 %), with the magnitude of this drop remaining relatively constant over the entire series. The possible origins of the observed experimental behavior are discussed.

The magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of a series of minutely doped Mn5-xFexGe3 compounds that exhibit the D88-type hexagonal crystal structure at room temperature have been investigated. For all Fe concentrations, the alloys are ferromagnetic and undergo a second-order ferromagnetic-to-paramagnetic transition near room temperature. Although the small Fe doping had little effect on the ferromagnetic transition temperatures of the system, changes in the saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy were observed. For x≤0.15, all compounds exhibit nearly the same magnetic entropy change of ~7 J/kg K, for a field change of 50 kOe. However, the magnitude of the refrigerant capacities increased with Fe doping, with values up to 108.5 J/kg and 312 J/kg being observed for field changes of 20 kOe and 50 kOe, respectively. As second-order phase transition materials, the Mn5-xFexGe3 compounds are not subject to the various drawbacks associated with first-order phase transition materials yet exhibit favorable magnetocaloric effects.

It is undesirable to face traffic congestion during an emergency. Congestion does not only cause delay to returning home commuters but also impede emergency vehicles. It is necessary to identify the congestion location as well as congestion severity in order to find the causes and countermeasures, furthermore setting priorities among remedial steps to alleviate the severity. In this study, we prepare an animated simulation of returning home behavior of commuters during a downpour. A taxi probe data was used to prepare the simulation. However, a direct visualization of the raw data does not produce a comprehensive representation of the real traffic situation. This study aims at reproducing efficiently the real traffic situation under such condition that can be easily recognized by a simple and quick glance. This paper discusses the method to reproduce the data as well. The proposed method provides a better realization of the traffic condition. The animated simulation that would be built from a preferable pattern can be used to explore the level of congestion in numerous locations and to evaluate the performance of countermeasures to overcome the congestion.