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The aim of this study is to determine the effect of four levels of irrigation water and three kinds of fertilizer on components of field-grown eggplant (Solanum melongena) in the years 2017 and 2018. Treatments included four irrigation regimes, which were 100% (I100, control), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), and 40% (I40) of evaporation from Class A pan and three different fertilizers, which were chemical fertilizer (CHF) with 40 kg da-1, organic fertilizer (OF) and developed organic fertilizer (DOF) with 2000 kg da-1. The experiment was designed with a split-plot randomized block with 3 replications. In experimental years, all irrigation treatments were irrigated 12 and 13 times, respectively with a drip irrigation system. Irrigation water amounts applied at I40, I60, I80, I100 in 2017 as 122, 183, 244, 305 mm and in 2018 were 147, 218, 289, 360 mm respectively. Seasonal plant water consumption values are in 2017, 2018 years respectively as follow: I40; 265 mm, 277 mm I60; 326 mm, 342 mm, I80; 386 mm; 382 mm, I100; 447 mm, 423 mm. In both experiment years, the effect of irrigation levels on plant components was statistically significant, the highest value of each component in both seasons was at I100 treatment, it was determined respectively as follow: Plant height PH (67.3 to 89.8 cm), branches number per plant BN (5.1 and 7.0), fruit number per plant FN (5.3 and 7.0), fruit weight FW (190.33 and 198.22 g).

Bu çalışmanın amacı, üç farklı gübre ve dört farklı düzeydeki sulama suyu miktarlarının patlıcan bitkisinin verimine, kalitesine ve su-verim ilişkisine etkisini belirlemektir. Araştırma, Bandırma koşullarında 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında patlıcan bitkisinin yetişme sezonu boyunca yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada; 3 farklı gübre ve 4 farklı sulama düzeyi kullanılmıştır. Gübre konuları, kimyasal gübre CHF; N, P, K (20-20-20+15 SO3) 40 kg da-1 olarak eklendi, organik gübre (OF) 2000 kg da-1 olarak eklendi ve gelişmiş organik gübre (DOF) 2000 kg da-1 olarak eklenmiştir. Dört farklı sulama konusu ise A Sınıfı Buharlaşma Kabı’ndan oluşan buharlaşmanın % 100 (I100, kontrol), %80 (I80), %60 (I60) ve %40 (I40)'nın verilmesi şeklinde oluşturulmuştur. Sulama suyu miktarı 2017 ve 2018 yıllarında sırasıyla 122 - 305 mm ile ve 147 - 360 mm ve bitki su tüketimi araştırma 2017 ve 2018 yılları için sırasıyla 264 - 447 mm ve 217 - 436 mm arasında değişmeştir. Araştırma sonucuna göre patlıcanın verim değerleri üzerine sulama suyu konusunun etkisi istatiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur (P, This study was conducted ın Bandırma (Balıkesir, Turkey) during the growing season of the plant in 2017 and 2018 to determine the effect of four levels of irrigation water and three kinds of fertilizer on yield and water use of field-grown eggplant (solanum melongena). Treatments included four irrigation regimes, which were 100% (I100, control), 80% (I80), 60% (I60), and 40% (I40) of evaporation from Class A Pan and three different fertilizers, which were chemical fertilizer CHF; N, P, K (20-20-20+15 SO3) added as 40 kg da-1 organic fertilizer (OF) added as 2000 kg da-1 and developed organic fertilizer (DOF) added as 2000 kg da-1. Total irrigation water of 305 mm and 360 mm were applied to I100 irrigation treatment, in which water use was determined as 447 mm and 436 mm, respectively. In both experiment years, the effect of irrigation level on fruit yield was found to be significant statistically (p0.05). The highest yield with 3681and 4515 kg da-1 was harvested from I100 irrigation treatment, and the lowest yield with 3021 and 2792 kg da-1 from I40 irrigation treatment, respectively. As for fertilizer, the highest yield with 3462 and 3878 kg da-1 was harvested from DOF, while the lowest yield with 3258 and 3629 kg da-1 from OF, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) ranged from 8.26 to 12.54 kg mm-1 and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) from 11.9 to 25.68 kg mm-1 in the experimental years. Thus, in irrigation programming, the Kcp3: 0.80 plant-pan coefficient and in fertilizer application, DOF is recommended for field-grown eggplant.

Objective: A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the human host factors that contribute to the perpetuation of schistosomiasis transmission in endemic communities of Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria. Methods: Information was derived from structured questionnaires supplemented with oral interviews, on perception of the community on the cause of urogenital schistosomiasis, using self-reported macrohaematuria, as the disease proxy, water-use practices, riverside urination and defaecation, and the choice for treatment of schistosome infection. Results: Out of 139 study participants, the perceived causes of gross haematuria by the respondents were Excessive Salt Intake (41.73%); Scorching Sun (20.86%); Unknown (17.27%); Infection (10.07%); Supernatural Force (5.86%) and Water Contact (4.32%). The respondents with self-reported terminal haematuria were 49.64%; riverine water contact 75.54% and riverside contamination 65.41%. Of the 72.46% of the respondents with gross haematuria who attempted for medication only 8.0% visited health facilities, while majority relied on traditional herbalists (39.13%) and roadside medicine stores (20.29%) for treatment. There was a strong association between riverine water contact and terminal haematuria (Odds Ratio: 6.09, 95% CI, 2.825-13.131, P

هدف هذا البحث إلى تحديد العوامل المؤثرة في تعلم مهارات اللغة العربية لدى الطلاب الفولانيين، ومعرفة مستوا هم في مهارات الاستماع والتحدث والقراءة والكتابة، وقد ركّز هذا البحث على منظورات علم اللغة النفسي، علم اللغة الاجتماعي، العوامل والفصول الدراسية، الثقافات وثنائي اللغة. استخدم الباحثون المنهج الوصفي التحليلي معتمدا على الأدوات الرئيسية الثلاثة ؛ الاختبارات اللغوية للكشف عن قدرات الطلاب نحو مهارات اللّغة العربية الأربع؛ الاستبانة للطلاب؛ والاستبانة للمعلمين، وكل هذا جرى عبر برنامج التقنية الحديثة (QuizCreator) لتحديد العوامل المؤثرة في تعلم اللغة العربية لدى الطلاب. وأمّا عينة البحث فتكونت من 40 طالبا الدارسين في الصف الخامس في مرحلة الثانوية بولاية أدماوا نيجيريا, و 8 من المعلمين الثانوي. وبعد تحليل النتائج عن الحزمة الإحصائية (SPSS), توصلت الدراسة إلى سبعة عوامل لها ارتباطات كبيرة مع تعلم الطلاب اللغةَ العربية، وهي: سن الطلاب؛ وقدراتهم في اللغة العربية؛ استخدام اللغة العربية مع الناطقين بها، استخدام العربية للاستمتاع؛ استخدام اللغة العربية في المنزل؛ الدافع التكاملية، والتطلعات المهنية. وأظهرت الانحدارات المتعددة أن 40٪ إلى 50٪ من التباينات في القراءة والكتابة والاستماع يمكن حسابها من قبل نفس العوامل السبعة، أما بالنسبة للتحدث، فإن 48.5٪ من التباين يمكن حسابها من قبل خمسة من هذه العوامل: العمر؛ القدرة في اللغة العربية، استخدام اللغة العربية مع الناطقين بها، استخدام العربية للتمتّع؛ والتطلعات المهنية. وقد تبين أن أداء الطلبة في المهارات اللغة العربية الأربع منخفض إلى حد ما. بناء على هذه النتائج يوصي هذا البحث المسؤولين في مراكز تعليم اللغة العربية باستخدام التقنيات الحديثة وخاصة في المدارس الثانوية بولاية أدماوا

BACKGROUND Diabetes is a leading cause of foot ulcers and lower limb amputation throughout the world. Adequate wound debridement and cover is the standard of care, but lack of adequate vascularised local tissue poses a major challenge. The gracilis flap offers various advantages in this respect, which we would like to discuss in this study, and hence makes it an attractive option in diabetic foot patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted over a period of 2 years, from 2018 to 2020 in the Department of Plastic Surgery, Kauvery Hospital, Trichy, India. The flap harvest time, total operation time, flap take and complications associated with the procedure were noted. RESULTS Overall, 56 patients were enrolled. The average flap harvest time was 55 +/- 10 min and the average overall operation time was 240+/- 30 minutes. There was complete flap survival in 42 (75%) patients, a partial survival in 12 (21.42%) patients and complete flap loss in 2 (3.57%) patients. In the donor site complications hypertrophic scarring was reported in 5 (8.92%) and donor site seroma in 3(5.3%) patients. CONCLUSION The free gracilis flap offers good wound healing and excellent foot contour besides being safe and effective in small to medium sized defects makes it an excellent free flap in diabetic foot reconstruction.

Acute respiratory tract infection is a common public health concern worldwide a new emerging contagious virus (COVID-2019) or SARSC- 2 causing a pandemic pneumonia outbreak, The main transmission route of this virus is through droplets from respiratory made during sneezing or coughing of infected people like the recent viral infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). Many epidemiological factors have a crucial role in promoting the transmission of the COVID-2019 that makes the disease as an emerging and global alarming against this new coronavirus. Early diagnosis of the etiological agents is critical for appropriate management, controlling plan, protection, and treatment. The new outbreak of COVID-19 can be detected by different molecular protocols. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the recommended technique used with varied sensitivity due to primers variation and specimen type. The reliable, high specific and sensitive diagnosis protocols are necessary for an emerging control plan. This study will review and explore the most available methods of molecular identification and primers for the diagnosis of the new coronavirus (COVID-19). This review will also open the new clues to develop and select appropriate diagnosis panel and specific primers for new coronavirus. In conclusion of this review, the RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and RdRp/Hel protocols will be valuable to distinguish the COVID-19 from the SARS-CoV and the other respiratory viral pathogens.

BackgroundMany low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) researchers have disadvantages when applying for research grants. Crowdfunding may help LMIC researchers to fund their research. Crowdfunding organises large groups of people to make small contributions to support a research study. This manuscript synthesises global qualitative evidence and describes a Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) crowdfunding pilot for LMIC researchers.MethodsOur global systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis searched six databases for qualitative data. We used a thematic synthesis approach and assessed our findings using the GRADE-CERQual approach. Building on the review findings, we organised a crowdfunding pilot to support LMIC researchers and use crowdfunding. The pilot provided an opportunity to assess the feasibility of crowdfunding for infectious diseases of poverty research in resource-constrained settings.ResultsNine studies were included in the qualitative evidence synthesis. We identified seven findings which we organised into three broad domains: public engagement strategies, correlates of crowdfunding success and risks and mitigation strategies. Our pilot data suggest that crowdfunding is feasible in diverse LMIC settings. Three researchers launched crowdfunding campaigns, met their goals and received substantial monetary (raising a total of US$26 546 across all three campaigns) and non-monetary contributions. Two researchers are still preparing for the campaign launch due to COVID-19-related difficulties.ConclusionPublic engagement provides a foundation for effective crowdfunding for health research. Our evidence synthesis and pilot data provide practical strategies for LMIC researchers to engage the public and use crowdfunding. A practical guide was created to facilitate these activities across multiple settings.

In this study, the investigation of Local natural Iraqi rocks kaolin with the addition of different proportions of bauxite and its effect on the physical and mechanical properties of the produced refractories was conducted. Kaolin/bauxite mixture was milled and classified into various size fractions, the kaolin (less than 105 μm) and the bauxite (less than 70μm). The specimens were mixed from kaolin and bauxite in ranges B1 (95+5)%, B2 (90+10)%, B3(85+15)%, and B4 (80+20)% respectively. The green specimens were shaped by the semi-dry method using a hydraulic press and a molding pressure of 7 MPa with the addition of (9-12) %wt. of PVA ratio. After molding and drying, the specimens were fired at (1100, 1200 and 1300) °C. Physical properties (density, porosity, water absorption) and mechanical properties (indirect tensile strength and hardness) were measured for all the prepared samples. The results showed that the porosity was increased and the density was decreased, such increase and decrease affected on to the mechanical properties for refractory. The highest values of indirect tensile strength and hardness were obtained at 20% Bauxite at 1300 °C (0.85386 MPa, 1411Kg / mm²) respectively.

The design of flexible sensors which can be incorporated in textile structures is of decisive importance for the future development of wearables. In addition to their technical functionality, the materials chosen to construct the sensor should be nontoxic, affordable, and compatible with future recycling. Conductive fibres were produced by incorporation of carbon black into regenerated cellulose fibres. By incorporation of 23 wt.% and 27 wt.% carbon black, the surface resistance of the fibres reduced from 1.3 &times, 1010 &Omega, &middot, cm for standard viscose fibres to 2.7 &times, 103 and 475 &Omega, cm, respectively. Fibre tenacity reduced to 30&ndash, 50% of a standard viscose, however, it was sufficient to allow processing of the material in standard textile operations. A fibre blend of the conductive viscose fibres with polyester fibres was used to produce a needle-punched nonwoven material with piezo-electric properties, which was used as a pressure sensor in the very low pressure range of 400&ndash, 1000 Pa. The durability of the sensor was demonstrated in repetitive load/relaxation cycles. As a regenerated cellulose fibre, the carbon-black-incorporated cellulose fibre is compatible with standard textile processing operations and, thus, will be of high interest as a functional element in future wearables.

Background: the relationship between thyroid function and bone has been empirically known for ages. Lossof bone with aging in universal phenomenon effecting both men and women and associated with reducesbone strength and increased fracture risk. The link between bone mineral dignity, bone quality and the riskof fracture with thyroid hormones in normal postmenopausal women suggest a role for these hormones, evenwith the range of normal thyroid in these diseases.Objective: To investigate the relation between thyroid function status and bone mineral density amongpostmenopausal women.Study design: A cross-sectional studySetting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Al-Yarmouk teaching hospital in cooperation withLab of National Institute of Diabetic Center and Dexa unit.Patients and methods: The study has included one hundred postmenopausal women with age between(45-70) years old, who attended outpatient clinic or DEXA unit. Inform consent had been taken from allparticipants about nature of study. Demographic information and medical history were collected using adetailed questionnaire. After the collection of data, blood samples had been taken for evaluation of thyroidfunction by measuring the serum level of THS, FT3 and FT4. Dual energy X ray (DEXA) was used to assessbone mineral density.Results: The mean age of the study group was 58.8 years and the mean of BMI was (33.2 ± 5.35). Thehighest proportion of study patients diagnosed as Euthyroid was (63%).Proportion of osteoporosis diagnosedin spine was higher than osteoporosis diagnosed in left femur (35% versus 4%), while osteopenia was higherin left femur than spine (49% versus 45%).The highest proportion of study patients with hypothyroidism andthose with Euthyroid was not osteoporotic (60% and 76.2% respectively), while those with hyperthyroidism,more than half of them were osteoporotic (55.6%) with a statistically significant association (P=0.013)between Thyroid function and bone mineral density levels.Conclusion: There is a significant direct correlation between thyroid function and bone mineral densityamong postmenopausal women, but further investigations are needed to recognized all factors effecting thisrelationship with using wide sample size.