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The deployment of magnetically responsive and polymeric materials to remove dyes that are hazardous in aquatic environments has profoundly revolutionized environmental sustainability. This study focuses on removing the hazardous cationic Malachite Green (MG) dye from solutions, employing a novel magnetic composite film as an adsorbent, designated as Ag 0.2 Co 0.8 Fe 2 O 4 (ACFCeP). The composite was synthesized via solvent casting, incorporating Ag 0.2 Co 0.8 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles and CeO 2 into a cellulose acetate/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CA/PVP) polymer matrix. The Ag 0.2 Co 0.8 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. Comprehensive characterization of the synthesized composite was conducted using techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The Ag-doped cobalt ferrite component retained a strong hysteresis loop within the final composite, even when blended with the CA/PVP polymer, preserving the robust magnetic properties that facilitate the easy removal of the composite post-treatment without secondary pollution. Additionally, the mesoporous structure of the composite effectively aids in the adsorption mechanism. The isothermal study shows that both linear Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm are well fitted with R 2 values of 0.99 and 0.97, respectively. The linear Langmuir maximum adsorption capacity, q max , is 45.66 mg g -1 at pH 7. The kinetic studies of the composite resemble the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, reaching adsorption equilibrium within 70 min for a 100 ppm MG dye concentration. The composite film exhibits excellent reusability, maintaining high removal efficiency over three cycles. Overall, the ACFCeP composite film showcases excellent dye removal capabilities, a fast adsorption rate, and satisfactory magnetic properties and offers a sustainable solution for environmental pollution, thus contributing to ecosystem preservation through efficient recycling and reuse in dye adsorption applications., Competing Interests: There is no conflict of interest to report., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)

Planar (2D) nanomaterials are garnering broad recognition in diverse scientific areas because of their intrinsic features. Herein, bulk graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) was prepared from melamine, which was exfoliated to produce g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The prepared g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), photo luminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The stable dispersion of a g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet was incorporated into a PVA/Gelatin matrix to explore its efficacy as a promising drug carrier. A remarkable 42% increase in tensile strength for 1% g-C 3 N 4 /PVA/Gelatin was attained compared with that of the PVA/Gelatin film. Thermal stability increased due to addition of g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet in the PVA/Gelatin film, where the maximum thermal degradation temperature increased by 9.5 °C when the 1% nanosheet was added to the PVA/Gelatin film. Moreover, the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets and g-C 3 N 4 /PVA/Gelatin showed no cytotoxicity against HeLa and BHK-21 cells. To investigate the in vitro drug releasing efficacy, ciprofloxacin was incorporated into g-C 3 N 4 /PVA/Gelatin. Experimental results showed a 62% drug release within 120 min at physiological pH 7.4. The data was curve fitted by different kinetic models of drug release to understand the drug release mechanism. The experimental data was found to fit best with the Higuchi model and revealed the diffusion control mechanism of drug release. Additionally, antibacterial study confirmed the drug release potency from g-C 3 N 4 /PVA/Gelatin film on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The above-mentioned promising findings might lead to an opportunity of using g-C 3 N 4 as a potential drug carrier.