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Resistance to cancer immunotherapy is mainly attributed to poor tumor immunogenicity as well as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) leading to failure of immune response. Numerous therapeutic strategies including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photodynamic, photothermal, magnetic, chemodynamic, sonodynamic and oncolytic therapy, have been developed to induce immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells and thereby elicit immunogenicity and boost the antitumor immune response. However, many challenges hamper the clinical application of ICD inducers resulting in modest immunogenic response. Here, we outline the current state of using nanomedicines for boosting ICD of cancer cells. Moreover, synergistic approaches used in combination with ICD inducing nanomedicines for remodeling the TME via targeting immune checkpoints, phagocytosis, macrophage polarization, tumor hypoxia, autophagy and stromal modulation to enhance immunogenicity of dying cancer cells were analyzed. We further highlight the emerging trends of using nanomaterials for triggering amplified ICD-mediated antitumor immune responses. Endoplasmic reticulum localized ICD, focused ultrasound hyperthermia, cell membrane camouflaged nanomedicines, amplified reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, metallo-immunotherapy, ion modulators and engineered bacteria are among the most innovative approaches. Various challenges, merits and demerits of ICD inducer nanomedicines were also discussed with shedding light on the future role of this technology in improving the outcomes of cancer immunotherapy.

Mineral transformations often induce microstructural deteriorations during temperature variations. Hence, it is crucial to understand why and how this microstructure weakens due to mineral alteration with temperature and the correlated physical and mechanical responses. Therefore, in this study, physical, chemical, thermal, petrographic, and mechanical analyses were carried out to comprehend better the thermal behaviors of Egyptian granodiorite exposed to temperatures as high as 800 °C. The experimental results indicate that the examined attributes change in three distinct temperature phases. Strength zone (up to 200 °C): During this phase, the temperature only slightly impacts the granodiorite mass loss and porosity, and the P-wave velocity and E slightly decrease. However, the rock structure was densified, which resulted in a minor increase in strength. After that, the transition zone (200–400 °C) was distinguished by the stability of most studied parameters. For instance, mass and porosity did not significantly alter, and the uniaxial compressive strength steadily increased with an axial failure mode. When the temperature rises, transgranular cracks cause the P-wave velocity and elastic modulus to decrease moderately. The decay zone started after 400 °C and continued to 800 °C. This zone is characterized by complicated factors that worsen the granodiorite properties, lead to color shift, and produce a shear failure mode. The properties of granodiorite became worse because of chemical reactions, structural and crystal water evaporation, rising thermal expansion coefficient variation, and quartz inversion at 575 °C (α to β, according to the differential thermal analysis). Thermal damage greatly affected granodiorite’s physical and mechanical properties and microstructure at 800 °C. As a result, UCS measurements were extremely small with a complex failure pattern, making Vp and E unattainable.

The emergence of vaccine-evading SARS-CoV-2 variants urges the need for vaccines that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Here, we assess covalently circularized nanodiscs decorated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins from several variants for eliciting bnAbs with vaccination. Cobalt porphyrin–phospholipid (CoPoP) was incorporated into the nanodisc to allow for anchoring and functional orientation of spike trimers on the nanodisc surface through their His-tag. Monophosphoryl-lipid (MPLA) and QS-21 were incorporated as immunostimulatory adjuvants to enhance vaccine responses. Following optimization of nanodisc assembly, spike proteins were effectively displayed on the surface of the nanodiscs and maintained their conformational capacity for binding with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as verified using electron microscopy and slot blot assay, respectively. Six different formulations were prepared where they contained mono antigens; four from the year 2020 (WT, Beta, Lambda, and Delta) and two from the year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Additionally, we prepared a mosaic nanodisc displaying the four spike proteins from year 2020. Intramuscular vaccination of CD-1 female mice with the mosaic nanodisc induced antibody responses that not only neutralized matched pseudo-typed viruses, but also neutralized mismatched pseudo-typed viruses corresponding to later variants from year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Interestingly, sera from mosaic-immunized mice did not effectively inhibit Omicron spike binding to human ACE-2, suggesting that some of the elicited antibodies were directed towards conserved neutralizing epitopes outside the receptor binding domain. Our results show that mosaic nanodisc vaccine displaying spike proteins from 2020 can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize mismatched viruses from a following year, thus decreasing immune evasion of new emerging variants and enhancing healthcare preparedness.

Lipid-bilayer nanodiscs and liposomes have been developed to stabilize membrane proteins in order to study their structures and functions. Nanodiscs are detergent-free, water-soluble, and size-controlled planar phospholipid-bilayer platforms. On the other hand, liposomes are curved phospholipid-bilayer spheres with an aqueous core used as drug delivery systems and model membrane platforms for studying cellular activities. A long-standing challenge is the generation of a homogenous and monodispersed lipid-bilayer system with a very wide range of dimensions and curvatures (elongation, bending, and twisting). A DNA-origami template provides a way to control the shapes, sizes, and arrangements of lipid bilayers via enforcing the assembly of lipid bilayers within the cavities created by DNA nanostructures. Here, we provide a concise overview and discuss how to design planar and curved lipid-bilayer membranes by using DNA-origami nanostructures as templates. Finally, we will discuss the potential applications of DNA-origami nanostructures in the structural and functional studies of large membrane proteins and their complexes.

This laboratory study aims to evaluate the removal capabilities of basalt quarry waste (BW) for heavy metals from industrial wastewater and the reuse of contaminated basalt in clay brick industry. The replacement percentages of sand by contaminated basalt were 0, 5, 10 and 20 wt%. The lab made cylinders of different mixes were fired at 800 °C and 850 °C (5 °C/min and 2 h as a holding time) then after were tested and the results were evaluated according to the Egyptian Code (204–2014). The results indicated that the use of BW could be in principle very convenient for the treatment of contaminated industrial wastewater in both economic and environmental terms. The tested properties for the fired briquettes of different mixes achieved the acceptable limits of the Egyptian Code. Also, the physico-mechanical results showed that the incorporation of basalt quarry waste to the clay-based mixes up to 20% fired at 800°C and up to 10% at 850°C are capable to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the fired briquettes to be successfully used as non-load bearing walls. Furthermore, diopside phase is played an important role in the cracking of briquettes due to its thermal expansion characteristics found at 850°C. In addition, it was found that the firing process acts as immobilizer for the studied heavy metals particularly at 800 °C, which is environmentally very beneficial.

Abstract Background Drug addiction results in serious pulmonary complications. Thoracic complications of drug addiction vary depending on the type and the route of administration of the drug that has been abused. Aim To study the pattern of chest diseases among addicts in Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals. Patients and methods A total of 200 addict patients were selected from Poison Control Center of Ain Shams University Hospitals in the duration between June 2016 and June 2018. All patients with pulmonary complications referred to Abbasia Chest Hospital were included. Results A total of 200 addict patients were enrolled in this study. Of them, 100 addicts with drug overdose with no pulmonary complications were excluded, and the other 100 patients were included, comprising 99 males and only one female, with mean age of 39.91±10.75 years. Overall, 63% of drug addicts were cannabis addicts, 27.0% were opiate addicts, 8.0% were polysubstance abusers, and 2.0% were alcohol addicts. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common pulmonary complication of all drug addicts. There was a statistically significant correlation between the type of drug addiction and the pulmonary complications. Pulmonary tuberculosis was the most common among cannabis addicts as well as polysubstance abusers. Parenchymal lung diseases (pneumonia and lung abscess) were the most common among opiate and intravenous drug addicts. There was no significant difference between different types of drugs and outcomes of the patients. Mortality represented 3.0% of all drug addicts. Conclusion Many pulmonary complications are associated with drug addiction. Achievement of early diagnosis and treatment can be obtained by proper counseling and therapeutic programs.

Phospho-lipid bilayer nanodiscs have gathered much scientific interest as a stable and tunable membrane mimetic for the study of membrane proteins. Until recently the size of the nanodiscs that could be produced was limited to ~ 16 nm. Recent advances in nanodisc engineering such as covalently circularized nanodiscs (cND) and DNA corralled nanodiscs (DCND) have opened up the possibility of engineering nanodiscs of size up to 90 nm. This enables widening the application of nanodiscs from single membrane proteins to investigating large protein complexes and biological processes such as virus-membrane fusion and synaptic vesicle fusion. Another aspect of exploiting the large available surface area of these novel nanodiscs could be to engineer more realistic membrane mimetic systems with features such as membrane asymmetry and curvature. In this review, we discuss the recent technical developments in nanodisc technology leading to construction of large nanodiscs and examine some of the implicit applications.

Paragangliomas, neuroendocrine tumors of neural crest origin, commonly occur in the adrenal medulla where they are called pheochromocytoma. Primary cardiac paragangliomas are uncommon whereby they arise in the left atrium and, less frequently, right atrium. We present a 43-year-old female with a cardiac paraganglioma presenting with ischemic and positional chest pains. CT scanning showed an infiltrative 15×10cm unresectable tumor with intense peripheral enhancement and central hypoattenuation located above the right atrium. The clinical impression was that of a high-grade sarcoma. Histopathological examination revealed tumor cell nests in a distinctive ‘Zellballen’ pattern with positive synaptophysin, chromogranin and GATA-3 staining confirming the diagnosis of paraganglioma. Immunohistochemical studies revealed that the tumor lacked the expression of SDHB and therefore indicating a SDHB gene mutation. The tumor was nonfunctioning, and therefore the absence of the classic adrenergic manifestations contributed to the late diagnosis of the condition. In conclusion, whereas preoperative diagnosis is challenging with nonfunctional paragangliomas, it is recommended that paragangliomas be considered in the differential diagnosis of cardiac neoplasms. Keywords: Paraganglioma, Cardiac, Neuroendocrine, Thoracic

Introduction Recently, lack of new antibiotics, together with the rising resistance of antimicrobials against extensively drug-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, had caused the restoration of old antibiotics like fosfomycin. Fosfomycin is considered a bactericidal antibiotic of the 1970s. It presents activity against multidrug resistant microorganisms. Patients and methods A randomized, controlled trial was designed between November 2015 and April 2016, including 40 patients diagnosed with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Patients were classified into two equally sized groups: group A (control group) comprised patients receiving only empirical systemic antibiotics and group B included patients receiving oral fosfomycin combined with empirical systemic antibiotics. Clinical pulmonary infection score (CPIS) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were used as predictors of improvement in both groups. Additionally, improvement and mortality rate were secondary endpoints of assessment. Results Age and sex among both groups did not show significant differences. The majority of patients in groups A and B were diagnosed as early-onset pneumonia 75 and 70%, respectively. K. pneumoniae was the most prevalent organism in cases of early as well as late-onset pneumonia (34.4 and 36%, respectively). CPIS and CRP were improved significantly in group B compared with baseline. Furthermore, CPIS and CRP had been declined significantly in group B compared with group A. Despite the significant improvement of CPIS and CRP in group B, it did not show significant lower mortality than in group A. Conclusion Fosfomycin is an effective antimicrobial agent in the treatment of VAP with low mortality rate. Furthermore, CPIS is a potential score used to evaluate the effectiveness of therapy in cases of VAP.

Aim: Brucellosis is a major bacterial zoonosis of global importance affecting a range of animal species and man worldwide. It has economic, public health, and bio-risk importance. Control and prevention of animal brucellosis mainly depend on accurate diagnostic tools and implementation of effective and safe animal vaccination program. There are three types of animal Brucella live vaccines - Brucella melitensis Rev-1 vaccine, Brucella abortus S19, and B. abortus RB51. Evaluation of these vaccines depends mainly on enumeration of Brucella viable count. At present, used colony count method is time consuming, costly and requires especial skills. Hence, the aim of this study is to use and standardize real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) as an alternative, quantitative, sensitive, and rapid method to detect the colony count of Brucella in live Brucella vaccine. Materials and Methods: Four batches of different live Brucella vaccines were evaluated using of conventional bacterial count and RT-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) using BSCP31 gene specific primers and probe. Standard curve was generated from DNA template extracted from 10-fold serial dilution of living B. abortus RB51 vaccine to evaluate the sensitivity of RT-qPCR. Results: Results revealed that three batches of living Brucella vaccines were acceptable for Brucella colony count when traditional bacterial enumeration method was used. Results of RT-qPCR were identical to that of conventional bacterial count. Conclusion: Results concluded that RT-qPCR was relatively sensitive compared to traditional bacterial colony count of these vaccines.

During eukaryotic translation initiation, eIF3 binds the solvent-accessible side of the 40S ribosome and recruits the gate-keeper protein eIF1 and eIF5 to the decoding center. This is largely mediated by the N-terminal domain (NTD) of eIF3c, which can be divided into three parts: 3c0, 3c1, and 3c2. The N-terminal part, 3c0, binds eIF5 strongly but only weakly to the ribosome-binding surface of eIF1, whereas 3c1 and 3c2 form a stoichiometric complex with eIF1. 3c1 contacts eIF1 through Arg-53 and Leu-96, while 3c2 faces 40S protein uS15/S13, to anchor eIF1 to the scanning pre-initiation complex (PIC). We propose that the 3c0:eIF1 interaction diminishes eIF1 binding to the 40S, whereas 3c0:eIF5 interaction stabilizes the scanning PIC by precluding this inhibitory interaction. Upon start codon recognition, interactions involving eIF5, and ultimately 3c0:eIF1 association, facilitate eIF1 release. Our results reveal intricate molecular interactions within the PIC, programmed for rapid scanning-arrest at the start codon.

Chitinase 3-like 1 regulates cell death, inflammation and tissue remodelling via IL-13receptorα2. Here, the authors show that TMEM219 is a IL-13Rα2 co-receptor and modulates oxidant-induced apoptosis and lung injury, melanoma metastasis and TGF-β1 signalling, downstream of Chi3l1-IL-13Rα2.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of double inversion recovery (DIR) magnetic resonance (MR) sequence in the detection of brain cortical and white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients and methods: Fifteen patients with remitting relapsing MS were included in this study. Imaging was performed on a 1.T MR system using DIR, fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR), and T2-weighted image (T2WI) sequences. The sensitivity of DIR was compared with the corresponding sensitivity of FLAIR and T2WI sequences. The contrast between lesions and normal-appearing gray matter (NAGM), normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined for all sequences. Results: DIR showed significantly more MS lesion load overall when compared to T2WI or FLAIR. Significantly higher number of lesions was seen in the supra- and infratentorial locations. DIR detected higher periventricular white matter lesions when compared to FLAIR, but did not detect significantly higher lesions when compared to T2WI. Significantly higher deep white matter, juxtacortical, and intracortical lesions were seen on DIR when compared to both T2WI and FLAIR. The image contrast measurements between the MS lesions and the NAWM in all anatomical locations were significantly higher in DIR sequence compared to both T2WI and FLAIR sequences. However, there was no significant statistical difference between the DIR and both T2WI and FLAIR sequences regarding the contrast of intracortical lesions compared to NAGM. Conclusion: DIR sequence is valuable in the imaging workup of MS as it can detect more MS lesions compared to the T2W and FLAIR sequences in all anatomical locations. DIR showed better delineation between the white matter, gray matter, and the MS lesions due to its high image contrast. DIR sequence should be included in the routine MR protocol of MS patients especially to answer the question about intra-cortical and juxta-cortical MS lesions.

Granitoid rocks are widely distributed all over the Egyptian Shield, constituting approximately 60% of its plutonic assemblage. Granitoid ornamental stones could be commercially defined as a visibly granular, igneous rocks ranging in color from pink to light or dark grey. Detailed mineralogical composition was investigated by using polarizing microscope (Olympus BX50, Japan) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) X-ray model X’ Pert ProPhillips MPD PW 3050/60 X-ray diffractometer. Radiometric measurement is recommended before utilizing the decoration stones which could be used in different purposes of construction especially indoor purposes. Twelve selected representative samples from some Egyptian granitoids rocks were examined by using Inductive Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS) in Acme Analytical labs, Canada. The measured values were in ppm and would be transformed to Bq/kg which normally used to measure it in construction or building materials. Based on radiation measurement of (U and Th) for the studied granitoids of Gabal Shawab and Gabal Abu Shieh El-Atshan granites lie within the world-wide safety limits of constructing building materials, while Gabal El-Sibai and Gabal Homrit El-Gergab granites not realize these safety requirements. Homrit El-Gergab granitoids represented the highest concentration of the studied granitoids while Gabal Shawab represented the lowest one. Ornamental stones of G. Shawab and Wadi Abu Shieh El-Atshan are suitable for all construction weather indoor or outdoor decoration purposes.

This study evaluates the feasibility of stabilizing clay bricks with marble cutting waste (MCW). This waste is currently discarded in huge quantities as sludge resulting from the sawing of marble blocks to slabs and the processes of disposing of grinding and polishing marble in landfills located around the marble processing factories in the Shaq El-Thoban industrial zone, Cairo governorate, Egypt, which causes negative impacts on the environment, health, and sustainable development. Experimental investigations were carried out to explore the effect of the addition of MCW in different clay–base mixes using varying percentages of up to 20% at the expense of the hydrated lime. Cement, hydrated lime, and MCW are the three types of solidification agents used, and clay and sand were also added in the formulations of the unfired clay brick specimens. Laboratory cylindrical stabilized and compressed specimens were made; then, they were cured in a humidity chamber for two weeks and four weeks. Afterwards, they were air dried, tested, and evaluated according to the Egyptian code for the building by the stabilized and compressed earth soil (ECBS, 2016). To enhance the durability of the cured specimens, transparent silicon-based paint was used. The results demonstrated that the optimum content of marble sludge waste (MCW) was 15% when used as replacement for hydrated lime in the production of stabilized clay brick. For all of the samples, the use of silicon-based paint was found to improve the strength and water resistance of the stabilized clay bricks. The use of local waste materials as a substitute for a hydrated lime binder reduces both the cost and environmental impact associated with block production.

Nature Communications 7: Article number: 12752 (2016); Published 15 September 2016; Updated 14 November 2016 The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The acknowledgements should have included the following: Yorgo Modis, PhD was supported by a senior research fellowship fromthe Wellcome Trust, grant no.

Background: The tobacco industry uses claims of state preemption or violations of the US Constitution in litigation to overturn local tobacco control ordinances. Methods: Collection of lawsuits filed or threatened against local governments in the USA; review of previously secret tobacco industry documents; interviews with key informants. Results: The industry is most likely to prevail when a court holds that there is explicit preemption language by the state legislature to exclusively regulate tobacco. The industry has a much weaker record on claims of implied preemption and has lost all challenges brought under equal protection claims in the cases we located. Although the tobacco industry is willing to spend substantial amounts of money on these lawsuits, it never won on constitutional equal protection grounds and lost or dropped 60% (16/27) of the cases it brought claiming implied state preemption. Conclusions: Municipalities should continue to pass ordinances and be prepared to defend them against claims of implied preemption or on constitutional grounds. If the ordinance is properly prepared they will likely prevail. Health advocates should be prepared to assist in this process.

The emergence of vaccine-evading SARS-CoV-2 variants urges the need for vaccines that elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs). Here, we assess covalently circularized nanodiscs decorated with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins from several variants for eliciting bnAbs with vaccination. Cobalt porphyrin–phospholipid (CoPoP) was incorporated into the nanodisc to allow for anchoring and functional orientation of spike trimers on the nanodisc surface through their His-tag. Monophosphoryl-lipid (MPLA) and QS-21 were incorporated as immunostimulatory adjuvants to enhance vaccine responses. Following optimization of nanodisc assembly, spike proteins were effectively displayed on the surface of the nanodiscs and maintained their conformational capacity for binding with human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) as verified using electron microscopy and slot blot assay, respectively. Six different formulations were prepared where they contained mono antigens; four from the year 2020 (WT, Beta, Lambda, and Delta) and two from the year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Additionally, we prepared a mosaic nanodisc displaying the four spike proteins from year 2020. Intramuscular vaccination of CD-1 female mice with the mosaic nanodisc induced antibody responses that not only neutralized matched pseudo-typed viruses, but also neutralized mismatched pseudo-typed viruses corresponding to later variants from year 2021 (Omicron BA.1 and BA.2). Interestingly, sera from mosaic-immunized mice did not effectively inhibit Omicron spike binding to human ACE-2, suggesting that some of the elicited antibodies were directed towards conserved neutralizing epitopes outside the receptor binding domain. Our results show that mosaic nanodisc vaccine displaying spike proteins from 2020 can elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies that can neutralize mismatched viruses from a following year, thus decreasing immune evasion of new emerging variants and enhancing healthcare preparedness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lep: Gelechiidae) is one of the most important pests affecting tomato cultivation in Iran. Given its wide spread distribution, it becomes necessary to apply an effective management method. The high damage inflicted by this pest on tomato crops has historically led farmers to use chemical pesticides for quick control, resulting, in pesticide overuse and the development of resistance, rather than effective control against the tomato leafminer. Planting resistant cultivars to agricultural pests considered as one of the most important strategies for the cost-effective production of healthy products and the reduction of pesticide consumption. This study investingates the egg laying preferences of T. absoluta on 15 different tomato genotypes resulting from the hybridization (crossing) of two commercial cultivars, Sakhiya and Eshkol, using a free choice test under greenhouse conditions. Additionally, trichome density and chlorophyll content were assessed in the studied genotypes. The results revealed that Eshkol 52-2 (2), Sakhiya 9-2 (3) and Sakhiya 8-2 (3) exhibited the highest rates of egg laying, while Eshkol 52-7(2) and Eshkol 52-4 (2) showed the lowest. Furthermore, the genotypes with higher egg-laying rates were associated with lower trichome density. However, the chlorophyll content in Eshkol 52-2 (2), which had the most egg-laying rate, was notably high. Conversely, Sakhiya 9-2 (3) and Sakhiya 8-2(3), which also demonstrated relatively high egg-laying rates, exhibited lower chlorophyll content. The chlorophyll content in the genotypes Eshkol 52-7 (2) and Eshkol 52-4 (2), was relatively low but also the egg laying rate was low.

Abstract Background Aprotinin, a serine protease inhibitor, has been used variably in cardiac surgery amidst ongoing debates about its safety following several previous studies. This study assesses the outcomes of aprotinin in high-risk isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (iCABG) patients. Methods The study retrospectively analysed a cohort of 1026 iCABG patients, including 51 patients who underwent aprotinin treatment. Logistic regression powered score matching was employed to compare aprotinin patients with a control group, in a propensity-matched cohort of 96 patients. The primary outcome measured was in-hospital death, with secondary outcomes including renal dysfunction, stroke, myocardial infarction, re-exploration for bleeding or tamponade, and postoperative stay durations. Results The aprotinin cohort had high-risk preoperative patients with significantly higher EUROSCORE II values, 7.5 (± 4.2), compared to 3.9 (± 2.5) in control group. However, aprotinin group showed no statistically significant increase (p-value: 0.44) in hospital mortality with OR 2.5 [95% CI 0.51, 12.3]. Major secondary outcome rates of renal replacement therapy and postoperative stroke compared to the control group were also statistically insignificant between the two groups. Conclusion This study suggests that aprotinin may be safely used in a select group of high-risk iCABG patients. The reintroduction of aprotinin under specific conditions reflects its potential benefits in managing bleeding in high-risk surgeries, but also underscores the complexity of its risk-benefit profile in such critical care settings. Nonetheless, it highlights the importance of carefully selecting patients and conducting additional research, including larger and more controlled studies to fully comprehend the potential risks and benefits of aprotinin.

Objectives: Surgery through a single port may be less painful because access is supplied by 1 intercostal nerve or more painful because multiple instruments are used in 1 port. We analyzed data collected from the video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery group of a randomized controlled trial to compare differences in pain up to 1 year. Methods: Groups were compared in a prespecified exploratory analysis using direct (regression) and indirect comparison (difference with respect to thoracotomy). In-hospital visual analogue scale pain scores were used, and analgesic ratios were calculated. After discharge, pain was evaluated using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaires-Core 30 scores up to 1 year. Results: From July 2015 to February 2019, we randomized 503 participants. After excluding 50 participants who did not receive lobectomy, surgery was performed using a single port in 42 participants (predominately by a single surgeon), multiple ports in 166 participants, and thoracotomy in 245 participants. No differences were observed in-hospital between single- and multiple-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery when modeled using a direct comparison, mean difference of −0.24 (95% CI, −1.06 to 0.58) or indirect comparison, mean difference of −0.33 (−1.16 to 0.51). Mean analgesic ratio (single/multiple port) was 0.75 (0.64 to 0.87) for direct comparison and 0.90 (0.64 to 1.25) for indirect comparison. After discharge, pain for single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery was lower than for multiple-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (first 3 months), and corresponding physical function was higher up to 12 months. Conclusions: There were no consistent differences for in-hospital pain when lobectomy was undertaken using 1 or multiple ports. However, better pain scores and physical function were observed for single-port surgery after discharge.