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The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory potency of vitamin E and coconut oils when used for oil gum massage therapy in periodontitis and compare them to the conventionally used chlorhexidine. Methods: 105 adult male albino rats were divided into 5 groups of 21 rats each: The negative control group (group 1) receiving no intervention, the positive control group (group 2) receiving ligature induced periodontitis without any treatment, the chlorhexidine experimental group (group 3) that received ligature induced periodontitis and chlorhexidine for 10 days, the vitamin E experimental group (group 4) that received ligature induced periodontitis and vitamin E for 10 days. And the coconut oil group (group 5) that received ligature induced periodontitis and coconut oil for 10 days. Groups 2-5 were further divided into subgroups A,B, and C according to day of termination (day 3, 7, &10). After rats were terminated, maxillary molar regions were excised and stained with H&E and Masson’s trichrome stain. Specimens were also examined immunohistochemically for the expression of MMP-1 antigen. Results: Histological and immunohistochemical examination showed an inflammatory reaction with ligature induced periodontitis that decreased gradually from day 3 until day 10. Statistical analysis of immunohistochemical expression of MMP-1 showed decrease over the course of treatment in all experimental groups, chlorhexidine showing the greatest decrease in inflammation and no significant difference between vitamin E and coconut oil. Conclusion: Oil gum therapy using either chlorhexidine, vitamin E, or coconut oil was associated with variable grades of statistically significant reduction of inflammation.

Recently Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used as in manufacturing of filters to purify drinking water, as a part of surgical prosthesis, splints, dental alloys and most importantly in the medical field as a bactericidal, fungicidal and as a therapeutic agent. Although these widely usage of AgNPs, can induce toxicity. to evaluate the protective role of vitamin Eon the induced silver nanoparticles toxicity on filiform and circumvallate tongue papillae of albino rats. twenty-eight male albino rats weighing 200-250 grams were divided into; the control and the experimental groups, which is subdivided into, subgroup I receiving AgNPs and subgroup II receiving AgNPs and vitamin E. the experimental period were 28 days, then rats’ tongue was dissected to be stained by H&E and examined immunohistochemically for BCL-2. Histological examination of the epithelium covering both filiform and circumvallate papillae of subgroup I showed few epithelial cells vacuolations and signs of degeneration. Meanwhile the taste buds’ cells of the circumvallate papillae also showed signs of degeneration together with amalgamated, ill-defined serous acini of Von Ebner Salivary Gland (VESG). Subgroup II showed that the histological features of both tongue papillae were nearly comparable to that of the control group. Immunohistochemical examination showed minimum apoptotic changes in subgroup II as compared to subgroup I and nearly comparable to that of the control group. vitamin E showed an apparent protective role against the histological and apoptotic alterations caused by the toxic effect of AgNPs on both tongue papillae.

Background. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic serious health problem which characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Exogenous insulin administration is needed for type I DM management. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) provide cell based approach for DM treatment. Objectives. to explore the effectiveness of BM-MSCs versus insulin on circumvallate and foliate papillae of diabetic rats. Materials and methods. The study was carried out on 56 male albino rats that were divided into 4 groups: Control group (Gp 1): rats received no drug. Diabetic group (Gp 2): rats received a single intra-peritoneal injection of Streptozotocin (STZ) (40mg/kg). BM-MSCs treated diabetic group (Gp 3): After diabetes confirmation; rats were given a single intravenous injection of PKH26 labeled BM-MSCs (million units) through tail vein. Insulin treated diabetic group (Gp 4): After diabetes confirmation; rats received subcutaneous injection of insulin (5IU/kg/day). After 4 weeks, half of the tongue specimens were processed and stained by Hematoxyline & Eosin, then examined by light microscope. While the other half were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results. Circumvallate and foliate papillae of Gp 2 showed significant histological and morphological alterations. While in Gp 3 and 4, the papillae showed noticeable improvements, being more obvious in insulin treated one. Moreover, in Gp 3 and 4, there was a significant increase in body weight in comparison to Gp 2. Conclusions. BM-MSCs administration could help in reducing the damaging effects of DM on circumvallate and foliate papillae. Insulin therapy caused more efficient improvements in diabetic rats than BM-MSCs.

Introduction: Plaque induced periodontitis is the second most common oral disease worldwide after dental caries. Documents from animal experiments proved that NSAIDs can reduce the inflammation and the rate of resorption of alveolar bone thus, stabilize the periodontal condition. In the last 10 years, diode laser also has been highly recommended as a treatment modality for periodontal inflammatory diseases due to its anti-inflammatory effect, ability to accelerate the healing process and its pain reduction ability. Materials and Methods: 84 albino rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I is the negative control group which did not subjected to any procedure, group II is the positive control group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis but did not take any treatment, group III is the diode laser group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis and treated by diode laser irradiation after removal of the ligature and group IV is the ibuprofen group which is subjected to ligature induced periodontitis and treated by ibuprofen syrup for 4 days after removal of the ligature. Results: inflammatory cell count was measured in all specimens stained by H&E and area fraction was measured in all specimens stained by MMP-1 immuno histochemical marker. Total amount of inflammatory cells and MMP-1 decreased by time with a significant difference between treatment groups and positive control group. Conclusion: Diode laser irradiation showed greater and faster reduction in inflammation than ibuprofen.

Introduction: Silver nanoparticles have been used in many fields as catalysts, textile engineering, electronics, optics, and most importantly in the medical field as a bactericidal and as a therapeutic agent. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the toxic effect of silver nanoparticles on filiform and circumvallate tongue papilla of albino rats. In addition to reveal the effect of administration of vitamin c as an antioxidant to overcome this toxicity. Materials and methods: Twenty-eight male Albino rats weighing 200-250 grams were divided into two groups; the control and the experimental groups. The experimental group which is divided into two subgroups, subgroup I receiving silver nanoparticles and subgroup II receiving silver nanoparticles and vitamin c. Animals were kept for 28 days, then rats tongue were dissected and processed to be stained by H & E and examined immunohistochemically for BCL-2. Results: Histological examination of the circumvallate and filiform papillae showed changes in the general outline with apparent thinning of the covering epithelium and overlying keratin layer. In the CVP there was degeneration of some taste cells while in the filiform papilla there were few epithelial cell vacuolations observed specially in the prickle cells layer. On the other hand, vitamin c group showed better histological picture and minimized apoptotic changes. Conclusion: Using of silver nanoparticles caused severe histological and apoptotic changes in the filiform and circumvallate papillae, while using of antioxidants as vitamin c reverse this toxic effect of silver nanoparticles by minimizing the severity of both histological and apoptotic changes.

Background: Cisplatin is a potent anti-carcinogenic agent; however, it has many dose-limiting side effects. The aim of our study was to determine and compare the effectiveness of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) and platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a treatment modality against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in the submandibular glands of Albino rats.Methods: Thirty-eight adult male albino rats, were used in the present study. Ten rats were used as a source of PRP, and the rest were included in the experimental design as follows: negative control group, cisplatin group (positive control) received (5mg/kg/week) cisplatin intraperitoneal on day 1 and 8. ADSCs group received ADSCs (2 × 10˄6 cells/rat) once intravenous via tail vein + cisplatin. PRP group received PRP (0.5 mL/kg by intraperitoneal injection 3times/week) + cisplatin.Results: Both ADSCs and PRP enhanced the regeneration of submandibular salivary gland tissue after the cisplatin induced cytotoxicity; represented by significant increase in area fraction of acini, percentage of hemolysis as well as significant decrease in area fraction of apoptotic cells in both groups compared to cisplatin group respectively. There was no significant difference between both groups regarding all comparative parameters used in this study. In addition, there was a non-significant difference in the area fraction of apoptotic cells between PRP group and the control group, but we detected a significant difference between ADSCs group and the control group regarding the same parameter.Conclusions: Both adipose-derived stem cells and Platelet rich plasma are considered as effective treatment for cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in submandibular salivary glands. However, PRP is recommended over ADSCs as a potent and effective treatment due to its safety, easy accessibility and proved treatment effect.

Objective: Diabetes Mellitus is well known to be associated with several oral complications. Thus, this study investigated the effect of diabetes on the cementum-periodontal interface by light and scanning electron microscopy. Methodology: This investigation was carried out on twenty eight male albino rats weighing from 200 to 220 gm; rats were divided into two groups: group I (control): fourteen animals received intraperitoneal single dose of 1 ml Citrate buffer, group II (diabetic): fourteen animals that were rendered diabetic by intraperitoneal single dose of streptozotocin 40 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 1 ml Citrate buffer and sacrificed 3 weeks after detection of diabetes. Plasma glucose level >300 mg/dl confirmed diabetes after 3 days. Half of lower jaws specimens were processed for H&E examination by light microscopy of cementum-periodontal interface. From the other half of specimens; extracted mandibular first molars were examined by SEM for changes of cementum surfaces. Results: Comparing to control group, diabetic rats showed periodontal fibers disorganization and degeneration with loss of Sharpey's fibers attachments. Increased cementoid, resorptive areas of both cementum surface and alveolar bone were evident in addition to the alterations of bone trabeculae. Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus was associated with variable deleterious effects on periodontium. The histological and scanning electron microscopy changes were most obviously on PDL and least on cementum. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Cementum, Rat, Alveolar bone, Periodontal ligament, Streptozotocin

Background: Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) hold great promise for utilization in tissue repair and regenerative medicine. Routinely, culture media used for culturing stem cells are supplemented with animal serum for promoting growth and successful maintenance of stem cells. However, there is a growing demand for optimizing a well-defined culture media that could safely increase the efficacy and reproducibility of the cultured cells. In this study, we aimed at optimizing a serum-free/xeno-free culture medium. Methods: A cocktail of various supplements intended to enrich DPSCs proliferation in defined concentrations was designed. It consisted of recombinant human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF), insulin transferrin selenium (ITS), ascorbic acid (vitamin C), Beta mercaptoethanol and cholesterol. The effect of this optimized media on the proliferation of DPSCs was assessed by MTT assay and flow cytometric analysis (FACS) of early apoptotic marker annexin V. Expression of stemness-related genes (OCT4, SOX and NANOG) was assessed by qRT-PCR. Results: Proliferation results by MTT illustrated a significant increase in the proliferation rate of DPSCs cultured in the proposed media. FACS analysis of annexin V expression was nil. Expression of OCT4, SOX and NANOG genes was also up-regulated. Conclusions: The proposed combination of supplements utilized in the proposed culture media successfully increased the proliferation potential of DPSCs in addition to enhancing the stemness properties. Thus, it can be considered a promising and safe substitute to traditional animal derived supplements like fetal bovine serum (FBS).

Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels. DM affects many body’s organs and caused by insulin production deficiency or by the ineffectiveness of the produced insulin. Administration of exogenous insulin is required for management of type I DM; however, it does not cure the disease. Bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) have been highlighted to offer a novel cell based approach for treatment of diabetes because of their anti-diabetic effect, direct differentiation into a variety of cell types, or release of paracrine factors. Aim To examine the effect of BM-MSCs versus insulin on true filiform and fungiform papillae of diabetic rats. Materials and methods Fifty six male Wistar albino rats weighing 200–250 g were equally divided into: Control group (Gp I): Rats did not receive any drug. Diabetic group (Gp II): Rats received a single intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg). BM-MSCs treated diabetic group (Gp III): After DM confirmation; rats received a single intravenous injection of BM-MSCs (million units) through tail vein. Insulin treated diabetic group (Gp IV): After DM confirmation; rats received a daily subcutaneous injection of insulin (5IU/kg). After four weeks, half of the tongue specimens were processed and stained by Hematoxyline & Eosin and Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Anti-PCNA) then examined by light microscope. Fluorescent microscope was used to detect homing of injected labeled BM-MSCs in rats’ filiform and fungiform papillae. While the other half were examined by scanning electron microscope. Results True filiform and fungiform papillae of Gp II showed significant histological and morphological alterations. In treated groups, Gp III and Gp IV, both papillae showed marked improvements, being more noticeable in Gp IV. There was a significant increase in the number of Anti-PCNA positive cells and a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose level in Gp III and Gp IV in comparison to Gp II. Conclusions DM had degenerative effects on true filiform and fungiform papillae. Administration of BM-MSCs reduced the deleterious effects of DM on both papillae. Insulin injection caused more obvious improvements in both papillae of diabetic rats than BM-MSCs.

Magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgO-NPs) were synthesized using the fungal strain Aspergillus terreus S1 to overcome the disadvantages of chemical and physical methods. The factors affecting the biosynthesis process were optimized as follows: concentration of Mg(NO3)2·6H2O precursor (3 mM), contact time (36 min), pH (8), and incubation temperature (35 °C). The characterization of biosynthesized MgO-NPs was accomplished using UV-vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy—energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Data confirmed the successful formation of crystallographic, spherical, well-dispersed MgO-NPs with a size range of 8.0–38.0 nm at a maximum surface plasmon resonance of 280 nm. The biological activities of biosynthesized MgO-NPs including antimicrobial activity, biotreatment of tanning effluent, and chromium ion removal were investigated. The highest growth inhibition of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans was achieved at 200 μg mL–1 of MgO-NPs. The biosynthesized MgO-NPs exhibited high efficacy to decolorize the tanning effluent (96.8 ± 1.7% after 150 min at 1.0 µg mL–1) and greatly decrease chemical parameters including total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and conductivity with percentages of 98.04, 98.3, 89.1, 97.2, and 97.7%, respectively. Further, the biosynthesized MgO-NPs showed a strong potential to remove chromium ions from the tanning effluent, from 835.3 mg L–1 to 21.0 mg L–1, with a removal percentage of 97.5%.

Capsaicin is a pungent principle of hot red pepper. It is used in spices, food additives and drugs. In the present work, twenty rats were divided into two groups: control and capsaicin groups, each consisting of ten rats. The capsaicin group daily received a capsaicin dose equivalent to 0.1 mg/kg body weight dissolved in 0.5 ml distilled water by oro-oesophageal tube while the control group daily received 0.5 ml distilled water. After twenty one days, the submandibular salivary glands of both sides were excised, processed and examined histologically and ultrastructurally. Histological results revealed presence of pure mucous acini in the submandibular salivary gland. Some granular convoluted tubules showed degeneration while the excretory ducts showed loss of pseudostratification with the appearance of some flattened lining cells. Concerning the ultrastructural findings, some acinar cells showed dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, other presented ultrastructural features similar to mucous acini. Granular convoluted tubules cells showed some irregular, shrunken nuclei with condensed chromatin. Their secretory granules were less electrondense than the control and presented ill-defined and fused outlines. Some of the excretory duct lining cells showed apically displaced irregular nuclei. One to two rows of flattened epithelial cells were observed apical to the lining cells. Vacuolizations, mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae were detected in cells of some acini, granular convoluted tubules and excretory ducts. Most intercalated and striated duct cells showed ultrastructural features similar to that of control group. However, the basal part of some striated duct cells presented variable grades of mitochondrial affection. From the present work, it could be concluded that chronic capsaicin intake was associated with noticeable histological and ultrastructural changes in acini, granular convoluted tubules and excretory ducts of the SMSG in albino rats.

e18000 Background: HLH is a rare yet fatal disease, with multiple etiologies. Post-HSCT is poorly described. Role of Allogeneic (AlHSCT) vs Autologous (AuHSCT) in its development is yet to be exami...