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The contemporary world is marked by generation and consumption of vast volume, high velocity, and considerable diverse data, leading us to the concept of big data. In this study, a system design thinking approach was employed to identify the requirements of Iran's public sector big data system. National big data systems would help governments to support their decisions by data and answer to national problems faster. Given the complexity and time-intensive nature of traditional system requirement analysis methods, their practical application in the industry has been declined. Therefore, in this research, system design thinking as an agile alternative for identifying system requirements has been discussed. To accomplish this, the LDA machine learning method has been utilized to analyze approximately 88,000 articles, a thematic analysis on around 600 Instagram and Twitter posts has been conducted, and six experts representing targeted problem persona were interviewed. The objective of this research is to extract insights to serve as a foundation for formulating big data policies in Iran. Findings reveal that Iran big data system requirements can be classified into four categories which indicate on increasing managed access to data while considering security and privacy, encouraging private and public sectors cooperation, transformation to smart governance, and establishing national data organization which would be responsible of data ID documents.

Purpose: To evaluate choroidal structure and vasculature in eyes following scleral buckling (SB) for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) compared with fellow eyes and control eyes. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed on 84 eyes: 32 eyes in the study group consisting of patients who had undergone SB due to RRD, 32 fellow eyes of the same patients, and 20 normal control eyes. Choroidal structures and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) parameters were measured and compared among the three study groups. Results: In the study group, the mean total choroidal area (0.6816 ± 0.03188 mm2) was comparable to the fellow eyes (0.7199 ± 0.03056 mm2) and the control group (0.7154 ± 0.17160 mm2). Mean outer luminal area was significantly lower in the study group (0.4089 ± 0.00442 mm2) than in the fellow eyes (0.4437 ± 0.00701 mm2) and the control group (0.4475 ± 0.00442 mm2) (P = 0.042, and 0.047, respectively). The choroidal vascularity index (CVI) and OCTA parameters were not significantly different in eyes with prior SB compared to the fellow eyes and the control group. Conclusion: SB does not significantly affect CVI, choroidal vasculature, and OCTA parameters.

The continuous and round-the-clock operation of cryptocurrency mining devices generates significant heat that requires powerful cooling systems. Therefore, the main problem of mining is its high electricity consumption and energy usage. Unfortunately, due to the lack of planning by the country's officials, we are facing the problem of electricity shortage, which the growing digital currencies have exacerbated. Since decision-making in the real world (including the electricity shortage problem caused by mining) is complex and uncertain due to various influential factors, this research aims to apply a strategic selection approach to decision-making and provide solutions to solve the electricity shortage problem caused by cryptocurrency mining in Iran. In this study, the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA), one of the soft operational research methods, has been used for analysis, structuring, and decision tree development. For this purpose, four methods (styles) of SCA, which include ten steps, have been implemented. A working group consisting of twelve experts and stakeholders in digital currencies, facilitated by the researchers of this study, has been formed, and specific flowcharts and labels have been used. According to the SCA method, decision-making areas, decision options, areas of uncertainty, exploratory options, and decision trees have been designed. Finally, a ″commitment package″ (″improvement package″) has been proposed to provide practical solutions. This article provides solutions for solving the electricity shortage problem caused by cryptocurrency mining through the SCA. For this purpose, specific tasks have been assigned to the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Energy and Foreign Affairs, and the government, excluding the mentioned ministries and some key players in digital currencies, which should be carried out in the present and future. By structuring the research problem through the SCA method as one of the soft operations research methods, the readers and users of this research will learn more details and dimensions of the mentioned method, contributing to expanding their knowledge of soft operations research. Although the SCA method has been implemented in Iran and other countries for a long time in various social and organizational issues, the diagrams, shapes, and tables used to implement SCA in this research contribute more to the readers' knowledge. It also helps to localize this method and other research done in the country.

The management of solid waste in Lebanon has evolved into a complex issue, marked by its deleterious environmental, economic, and public health ramifications for both civilians and the state exchequer. Despite the longstanding nature of Lebanon's municipal waste predicament, it escalated to catastrophic proportions in 2015 following the closure of Naameh, the nation's largest landfill. The persisting crisis from 2015 endures due to the government's inadequate and poorly conceived solutions, with the potential to rekindle at any juncture. This paper addresses two fundamental concerns. Initially, a comprehensive portrayal of the municipal solid waste scenario in Lebanon is provided, encompassing its diverse facets. Subsequently, the researchers advocate an integrative approach amalgamating centralized and decentralized systems. Pioneering a strategic proposal to address Lebanon's solid waste predicament, the researchers employ a Journey-Making (JM) methodology to discern direct and indirect actors. Subsequently, a game theory approach, facilitated by the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR+) software, is utilized to derive solutions that cater to the satisfaction of all involved parties. The selection of the optimal scenario is contingent upon the available options for the primary stakeholders, factoring in the political, sectarian, economic, and environmental landscape of Lebanon.

In the modern era, uncertainty is a common feature of modeling techniques for designing sustainable supply chains. The increasing severity of environmental issues necessitates the integration of sustainable production in supply chain management. The present study aims to develop mathematical models and intelligent sustainable supply chains with uncertain parameters and algorithms. The goal is to design a sustainable and eco-friendly model that minimizes environmental contaminants and system costs. This descriptive-analytical study employs a novel hybrid technique to manage the uncertainty associated with the model parameters, research problems, and problem complexity, and tackle large-scale problems. The automotive industry was selected to implement the mathematical model. These combined techniques consider the disruption-induced capacity reduction and the uncertainties surrounding shipping costs and demand. Results suggest that hybrid models and techniques are efficient in solving large-scale problems and delivering high-quality processing. Further, the findings show that heuristic solutions can significantly reduce computation time for larger problems.

Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role in a nation's economic and political self-reliance. The growing reliance on foreign governments for essential food supply considerably undermines a country's political and economic leverage on the global stage. Regrettably, Iran finds itself grappling with over 90 percent dependency on the oilseeds sector, consequently amplifying the nation's susceptibility. Thus, the current study addresses this critical concern, vital for a nation's sustenance. Accordingly, this study comprises the development and cultivation plan of oilseeds in the Islamic Republic of Iran intending to portray a deep-rooted power system that has been formed in the food security system that hinders the optimal implementation strategies. Consequently, the paper aims to provide a model of key stakeholders in the field of food security by employing the Problem Structuring Method (PSM), in search of better analysis of policies and supporting strategies. Methods The study employs stakeholder analysis to introduce the actual stakeholders followed by cognitive mapping, considering the chaotic nature of the issue and structuring the problem for providing an agreed and committed solution. To this aim, FC mapper software is employed for concept mapping, interrelation, and important analysis. Oilseeds Stakeholders were chosen according to the library research method and upstream documents. It was followed by semi-structured interviews with 25 food security experts who have been selected through snowball sampling, for structuring the mentioned stakeholders in a comprehensive model. Results First, in the qualitative part, according to documents a list of 90 stakeholders was proposed. Then, Through the process of conducting expert interviews and utilizing cognitive mapping, while also taking into account additional factors like the objectives, responsibilities, and authorities of the relevant stakeholders, the aim was to ascertain the outcomes of the oilseed development and cultivation plan. Also, the degree of influence, effectiveness, and centrality of all influencing factors were determined which declares their priority as well. Accordingly, the Iranian Ministry of Agricultural is the most influential stakeholder with a value of 0.67, and food security and economic independence with a value of 0.51 is the most influential outcome among other outcomes. Conclusion The research focuses on the systematic formulation of the oilseed cultivation challenge in Iran, culminating in the development of a model to recognize stakeholders, delineate their objectives, responsibilities, and authorities, and analyze the ramifications of the implementation plan using the PSM. Identifying stakeholders as well as their power and interest, goals, and consequences, in a comprehensive model leads to significant implications for the management and maki-policy of the food security system and plays a more effective role in improving the conditions. The obtained outcomes were endorsed and utilized by the Hekmat Institute of Research Policy and Strategic Studies, which provided financial backing for the study.

In today's competitive business landscape, the efficient management of supply chains has become a cornerstone of success for economic enterprises. Supplier selection, as the initial link in the supply chain, holds significant sway over various critical factors, such as product quality, return rates, and production costs. However, the real world is rife with uncertainties, making the application of a fuzzy approach highly advisable. This study's primary objective is to develop a model for supplier selection and order quantity determination for perishable protein products in a retail setting under uncertain conditions. Initially, a comprehensive fuzzy multi-objective model is designed for Kourosh Protein, a company in the closed-loop supply chain, aiming to minimize costs, waste, and maximize profit, customer satisfaction, quality, and profit margin in the face of uncertainty. Subsequently, this full-fledged fuzzy multi-objective model is transformed into a deterministic single-objective model using the Sharma and Agarwal method (2018), yielding optimal order quantities from each supplier. The model's practical implementation in an Iranian retail store for protein products, such as sausages, bologna, hamburgers, etc., demonstrates its potential to reduce costs and boost profits.IntroductionThe global population's rapid expansion and shifts in lifestyle have significantly elevated the food sector's importance in the global economy, specifically in Sustainable Food Supply Chain Management (SFSCM). SFSCM plays a pivotal role in balancing economic, social, and environmental criteria to optimize supply chain performance. Within the complex food supply chain, suppliers wield considerable influence due to their impact on product attributes, safety, quality, and perishability. Supplier selection, a critical facet of SFSCM, substantially affects a company's strategic and operational performance, product pricing, and quality. In this context, this research introduces a fully fuzzy multi-objective model (FFMOP) to enhance the sustainable supply chain performance of a retail company's protein products. Given the inherent uncertainties associated with supplier selection, the proposed model incorporates an extensive array of variables to simulate real-world scenarios. This innovative approach aims to address identified gaps in existing literature, providing a more robust and realistic tool for bolstering supply chain sustainability.Materials and MethodsThis study constructs a full fuzzy multi-objective model with the objective of determining optimal order quantities within the food supply chain while integrating sustainability criteria. The analyzed supply chain network encompasses multiple suppliers, a single retailer, and end consumers, characterized by multi-product and multi-level interactions. The model seeks to optimize profit, customer satisfaction, brand acceptance, quality, profit margin, and minimize waste production while determining the optimal order volume for each product from each supplier. Reviewing the existing literature reveals various approaches to tackle Full Fuzzy Multi-Objective Problems. This research employs the methodology proposed by Sharma & Aggarwal in 2018 to solve the FFMOP model. After defuzzification, the final model is solved using GAMS software to determine the optimal values of decision variables.ResultsThis research utilizes a case study of an Iranian retail company with eight main suppliers providing 15 protein food products. However, the focus is primarily on four key products: sausages, bologna, hamburgers, and pizza cheese, which are examined. Data for the study was collected from historical company records and interviews with experts from June 2021 to 2022. Model parameters are defined using trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A comparison of optimal order quantities with the company's actual orders and sales reveals that the proposed model for order allocation leads to reduced ordering, maintenance, and procurement costs for the company. Additionally, the model mitigates waste resulting from unsold products.ConclusionSupplier selection stands as a pivotal process in an effective supply chain, exerting substantial influence on a company's strategic outcomes and performance metrics. This study employs a full fuzzy multi-objective model to identify the most suitable supplier and determine optimal orders within a sustainable food supply chain context. To better mimic real-world conditions, variables and parameters are treated as trapezoidal fuzzy numbers. A comparison of the model's outputs with actual sales data indicates that this methodology aligns more accurately with sales figures. Consequently, applying this model has the potential to reduce waste production and economic consequences. The study's achievement lies in selecting a supplier through a methodology that simultaneously considers sustainability criteria within a fully fuzzy environment while determining optimal order quantities from various suppliers. Moreover, the model's flexibility allows for its application across diverse industries, including dairy and dried fruit, for procuring and selling an array of products from potential suppliers.

This research aims to design a bi-level optimization model for a supply chain that integrates decentralized quantitative and qualitative decisions at strategic and tactical levels. The manufacturer, as upper-level decision-maker, offers quantity discounts to encourage customers to order more quantity. At the lower level, customers tend to obtain economies of scale by aggregating their orders through cooperative purchasing. This is one of the first studies that investigate the model of customer expectations with the optimization model of manufacturers at the same time with real data from the supply chain in order to find the optimal solutions to the problem of the medical equipment supply chain in Iran. In addition, there have been no studies to date that consider quantitative discount strategies for the seller and customer behavior in a bi-level planning model simultaneously. The results and analyses reveal that the designed bi-level model compared to the one-level model for the customer and the manufacturer is more suited to the real world and will lead to a long-term relationship between the parties through customer participation. Research suggestions and directions for future research are also provided.

One of the obstacles to the presence of women in managerial positions is the existence of stereotyped attitudes. In this regard, the present study to evaluate stereotyped attitudes toward the presence of women in managerial positions in the sports industry was formed as an applied study on the survey methodology. The Statistical population includes physical education and sport management students in Tehran's high-ranked universities, which leads to a sample of 324 cases with an 80% response rate using four data collectors. The research tool was Women as Managers Scale (WAMS) questionnaire introduced by Mihail (2006). Content and facial validity are scrutinized by 13 experts while Cronbach’s alpha about 0.87 ensures reliability. Data analysis enjoys factor analysis, analysis of variance, and Tukey test. Findings illustrate that students’ attitudes toward women's managerial roles are stereotypical, especially by men reflected in women’s tendency and feminine barriers respectively. However, there were no other significant differences in the attitudes of these students concerning other characteristics such as education, employment, and job status. Therefore, it will be very useful to develop mechanisms to measure the stereotypes of people before entering and correcting them after entering the sports industry. Also, setting policies that increase women's desire to hold managerial positions and remove the barriers created for them by the role of housekeeping, will help to alleviate this stereotypical attitude. Keyword Gender Stereotypes, Managerial positions, Female managers, Sports industry. Introduction Sport and gender is a topic that has always been a concern, which is followed by much more attention in recent years. All around the world, many efforts have been made to ensure gender equality in education and employment in the field of sports, which has led to an increase in the number of women in related university educations and, consequently, their employment. Despite the increase in the number of women in educational courses; Unfortunately, the evidence depicts that the number of women compared to men in executive management roles and leadership positions in sports is not significant. This trend, which has not changed much over time, although a manifestation of the absence of women in managerial and leadership roles in all areas (Lyness and Terrazas, 2006: 267; Eagly, 2007: 3), is more indicative of the marginalization of women in the sports industry. Studies have shown that the presence of women in managerial positions in the field of sports has numerous positive consequences. According to Bailey et al. (2005), women managers in sport are role models for girls who play sports. These women can be a source of inspiration and motivation for girls who have just defined a career path for themselves. The lack of female managers in sports means the lack of role models for girls and young women in this field, which can hinder the development of their self-efficacy and motivation (Sanchez-Hucles & Davis, 2010); While more female managers shine in sports means more role models, which in turn leads to increased performance of girls who are potential future leaders (Banar et al., 2013: 13). Despite these findings, there is little evidence of the allocation of managerial positions to women in sports organizations. For example, by referring to the list of sports federations on the website of the IRAN's Ministry of Sports and Youth, we find that out of the 51 existing federations, only the chair of the federation of specific diseases belongs to women (Ministry of Youth and Sports, 2019). This ensures that although women have competencies in their professional lives, they are not very successful in reaching managerial positions in the sport's industry. One explanation for this situation and the lower presence of women in managerial positions is the existence of gender stereotypes about women that conflicts with the stereotypes of management and leadership. An image of a successful manager is more in line with more masculine than feminine characteristics and supports masculine gender stereotypes. Therefore, this study is conducted to investigate the stereotyped attitudes of sports students towards women in management positions. The attitude of sports students is imperative since their attitude reflects the attitude of future managers of the sport's industry, which can potentially shape the career path of women in the field. Accordingly, the main question of the study is: What are the dimensions affecting the students' stereotyped attitude toward women playing a managerial role? Research method This is an applied study in terms of purpose, and it is descriptive in terms of method. The study population included undergraduate students in the field of physical education and masters and doctoral students in sports management in the first-level universities located in Tehran province, from which 384 samples were selected according to Morgan's table. The research instrument was the 20-item "Women as a Manager Scale" questionnaire developed by Mihail (2006). All questions were based on a 5-point Likert scale in which one denotes for very low and 5 denotes for very high. For reliability analysis, 50 questionnaires were distributed, collected, and analyzed in a pilot sample. Cronbach's alpha was calculated using SPSS software reached the value of 0/87, which indicates reasonable reliability. Findings Confirming the model validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed. In this analysis, six absolute fitness indices including chi-square(χ^2), chi-square to the degree of freedom(χ^2⁄df), root-mean-square of estimation error (RMSEA), Root Mean Square Residual (SRMR), Goodness of fit index (GFI), Adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI) and three relative fit indices (comparative) including Comparative Fit Index (CFI), Normed Fit Index (NFI), Non-Normed Fit Index (NNFI) and two parsimony fit indices including Parsimony Normed Fit Index (PNFI) and Parsimony goodness of fit index (PGFI) have been used to evaluate the model fitness, which ultimately ensured the validity of the confirmation model. To identify the affecting dimensions on students' attitudes toward women's managerial role, exploratory factor analysis was employed using SPSS software. Results provided four factors with the total variance explained about 56% for the study data set, including general acceptance, desire, ability, and female barriers. To statistically evaluate significant differences between the provided factors, analysis of variance was employed. Considering the significance level, a significant difference between the dimensions was quite obvious. Therefore, employing Tukey's posthoc test, there was no significant difference between social acceptance and women's ability, while the women's barriers and women's tendencies were different significantly. In other words, in the view of the respondents, the two dimensions of women's tendency and women's barriers have gained significantly fewer points than society's acceptance and women's ability to hold managerial positions. Accordingly, by performing an analysis of variance, a significant difference in attitudes toward women's playing a managerial role was examined by demographic variables including gender, education, and job status. The results depicted that the women's scores were significantly higher than men's. While the level of education, job status, and having managerial positions did not affect the respondents' attitudes toward women playing managerial roles, employed or inexperienced people with different levels of education had similar views on this issue.

Objective: In this study, a bank loan allocation is examined in-depth with one of the methods derived from emancipatory operational research, and by conducting in-depth interviews with experts in this field, identifies the views and contradictions between them.Methods: In order to deeply review with a critical approach, this process of perceiving and reflecting the (hidden) views of stakeholders using 12 border questions in the form of 2 "Is" states in terms of facts and what is now and "ought to be" state. It explores the concept of values and what should ideally exist.Results: According to the findings, the banking decision-makers' approach should be turning to create shared value, changes in the obsolete banking statute seem necessary, and the central bank system should be working independently. Furthermore, unconventional powers of government and governance have caused injustice in the allocation of loans, and despite the existence of multiple grievance systems, the response to the complaints is too slow. Besides, some sub-systems also have significant weaknesses: credit rating, management evaluation system, the authority of provincial and regional managers, the customer evaluation system, the allocation of credit, and scientific and technological support teams.Conclusion: This study's results provide suggestions arising from the exploration and understanding of stakeholder boundary judgments (initial judgments about the system and an overview of it) to redesign and implement critical changes in Iran's bank loan allocation system

Objective: Measuring the efficiency of innovation to manage innovation investment inthe era of "knowledge economy" is being considered by more researchers every day. Theevaluation of innovation efficiency helps identify the best innovators for benchmarkingand identifies ways to improve efficiency by identifying the weaknesses. In this paper, anew formulation approach for dynamic network data envelopment analysis is presented toevaluate the efficiency of multi-period and multi-division systems (MPMDS) whilecontrolling the weights.Methods: To prevent facing the black-box of innovation, at the first, a conceptualdynamic network structure of the universities’ innovation was developed, and then, theproposed dynamic network DEA approach is used to overcome the fundamentalshortcomings to control the weights of factors in line with enabling the desiredmanagement weights.Results: The findings depicted that, among 13 universities surveyed, one university(about 7%), was recognized as efficient in the total process of innovation, and the averageefficiency was equal to 0.79 for universities. In both sub-processes of R&D andapplication, one university (7%) was considered efficient and their average efficiency was0.82 and 0.47, respectively, which indicates the poor performance of universities inimplementation and ideas commercialization. Also, the changes in the average efficiencyof the sub-process of applying the results are quite the opposite of the research anddevelopment sub-process.Conclusion: The results reflect that the model presented in this study, by solving theconventional DNDEA model problems in weight control, improves the discriminatingpower of efficient and inefficient units.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of femtosecond laser-assisted MyoRing implantation with concurrent corneal collagen crosslinking (CXL) compared to MyoRing alone for the treatment of progressive keratoconus. Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. The patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In the first group, MyoRing was implanted, while in the second, it was inserted in the corneal stroma using the same technique, along with simultaneous CXL. Visual, refractive, topographic, and abberometric outcomes were measured preoperatively and at every postoperative visit. Results: Data of 47 patients were available at the end of the study; 28 in the MyoRing group and 19 in the MyoRing + CXL group. The mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) improved from 0.79 ± 0.39 logMAR to 0.52 ± 0.31 logMAR (P < 0.05) in the MyoRing + CXL group and from 0.65 ± 0.38 logMAR to 0.62 ± 0.23 logMAR (P = 0.70) in the MyoRing group. CDVA changed from 0.33 ± 0.19 logMAR to 0.25 ± 0.16 logMAR (P = 0.10) in the MyoRing + CXL group and 0.32 ± 0.22 logMAR to 0.33 ± 0.17 logMAR (P > 0.50) in the MyoRing group. The mean keratometry (Km) decreased from 47.5 ± 2.7 D to 43.8 ± 3.2 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing group and 49.3 ± 3.4 D to 45.1 ± 3.0 D (P < 0.001) in the MyoRing + CXL group. Besides, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group (P = 0.022). Conclusion: MyoRing insertion combined with CXL is a safe and effective method for the treatment of keratoconus. The visual and topographic outcomes were comparable to that for MyoRing insertion after 10 months; however, horizontal coma was significantly lower in the MyoRing + CXL group.

Technology road mapping as a novel management tool with the future-oriented vision of technologies amend management decision-making while according to its nature and experts’ different worldviews can be classified as a messy problem, which needs to be structured. Today’s business era fluctuations and their turbulence make the organizations employ problem-structuring methods for survival. Therefore, Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) as a problem-structuring method is employed in several studies with the aim of consensus and collaborative development of strategic choices. Hence, the present study aims to provide a technology roadmap of Mazare Novin Iranian Company using SODA potential in cognitive mapping, structuring and making consensus within the experts. Accordingly, SODA developed issue-based roadmaps for each concept, which lead to a combined strategic roadmap of the firm; it also performed central analysis, domain and potent analysis by the means of Decision Explorer software for shedding light on each concept role and the whole model causality. Findings emphasize Human resources with domain and central scores of 12 and 17.27 and R&D department with the domain and central score of 11 and 17.28, respectively as the most influencers of the firm’s technology development and introduce Research as the potent, which flourished in all interviewees cognitive map.

Nowadays the efficiency-o7666riented performance evaluation of complex systems be-comes increasingly important for investment and management decisions. This paper proposes a new formulation approach based on dynamic network DEA (DN–DEA) models for multi-period and multi-division (MPMD) systems to measure and decompose the overall efficiency. Although conventional DEA models provide magnificant modeling idea of efficiency measures in the multi-input and -output contexts, they do not account for the multi-division transformation process of decision-making units (DMUs) and present “black-box” measures of their efficiency scores wich causes incorrect estimates of the efficiency points of the units by ignoring the information about the internal operations of the system. As an illustrative case study, the present research applies the proposed approach to evaluate the efficiencies of 13 universities of Iran over the three-year period and the rate of innovation has been measured according to each division, every period, as well as total innovation.

Objective: Performance based budgeting is an undeniable necessity for effective management of the country vital resources nowadays, which benefits all economic and social layers of the society if properly implemented. Accordingly, this has encouraged lots of studies and researches on PPB theories, concepts and models. This study deeply reviewed Iran’s PBB system within four basic issues, including motivation, knowledge, legitimacy and power through critical approach. Methods: Exploration in this system has been made using a critical (Emancipatory) approach called Critical Systems Heuristics. The process consists of reflecting the hidden views of the stakeholders using 12 boundary questions in two states of “being” which refers to the present situation and “ought to” which refers to an ideal situation. Results: Findings of the implementation of methodology showed that there are many technical, human and social problems involved in evaluating and implementing a performance-based budgeting system. The main criticisms of the system are targeting, focusing on the short-term political visions, ignoring the new critical expertise, and ignoring the transparency of the system. Conclusion: Research findings provided some fruitful comments on Iran’s PBB system and its vital required changes and modifications according to stakeholders’ boundary judgments (primary judgments about and a holistic approach to the system).

Designing the business portfolio is a key decision in corporate-level strategy and is bonded with strategic concepts such as vertical integration and diversification. Nevertheless, most of the previous researches have proposed general conceptual models, or investment portfolio optimization models based on financial approach. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed, firstly to utilize quantitative methods in strategic decision makings and secondly, to considers non-financial, strategic variables in modeling process. To address this need, a mathematical framework for formulating synergies between businesses in a value chain is developed. Although the conceptual structure is applicable for different industries, the model is developed for a multi-business company in petroleum industry of Iran and is solved by genetic algorithm.

In the selection of a collection of investment assets, the expected utility of investor is determined via risk and return criteria. Regarding the uncertainty of the investor about the future, portfolio diversification is a common path towards risk reduction in investment problem. In this study, not only the Euclidean Distance Criterion (EDI) was introduced to be a measure of portfolio diversification, but also a multi-objective model was designed for portfolio selection. This model intended to maximize the return and diversification of portfolio, and also to minimize non-systematic risk of it. Since this is a non-linear model and in terms of complexity is among "NP-hard", regarding the computational efficiency of the Genetic Algorithms (GA) in optimization, it was used for solving the model. Results from the implementation of the dual-objective model (return and diversification) and triple-objective model (return, diversification, and non-systematic risk) with multiple-repetition showed that the average return of the portfolio selected by perposed model was higher than the favorable level. Investigation into portfolio performance indices indicates the efficiency of the dual-objective model (return and diversification).

Purpose: This research aims to determine the performance of the public libraries of Tehran city during the years 1390 and 1391 and compare it on the basis of years. Methodology: By using data envelopment analysis and strong complementary slackness condition combined with discriminant analysis method, Public Libraries of Tehran province in Iran was ranked on the basis of efficiency. This combination has been executed in order to enhance precision of ranking (super efficiency). We studied 121 public libraries of Tehran province in Iran by mentioned method and we chose 4 inputs (number of books, number of librarians, number of chairs, size of infrastructure) and 3 outputs (number of members, number of loans, number of entrance to libraries) per units by means of literature review and consult with library experts. Findings: We find that 41 public libraries were efficient in year 2011. Efficient public libraries in year 2012 consisted of 45 units. In year 2011, Parvin Etesami public Library was the most efficient unit and in year 2012, central public library of Tehran (Parke Shahr public library) was the most efficient one. Originality/Value: The value of this paper is to determine the most efficient libraries along with introduction of variables with most and less impact on libraries efficiency. Using such finding, influential inputs and outputs can be improved.

Introduction: Growing influence of the project as a way to organize things in many organizations require effective management of multiple projects. . Due to the complexity of IT projects in organizations due to resource constraints especially if you have multiple projects, the necessity and use of project portfolio management in achieving project objectives in recent years much attention has been. In this research, portfolio management of IT projects in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences IT Project Portfolio Management at University level, based on a three-step model Bert De Reyck (1 - Inventory Portfolio 2- Portfolio Optimization 3 - Managing portfolio) were investigated.'s. Methods: the present study according to the aim is applied and according to the method of data collection is descriptive - survey Subset of Athletics -. Validity has been confirmed by a number of experts and professors and reliability using Alpha Cronbach coefficient was calculated to 82 Percent. Statistical Society, University ICT All employees that have been done in 1392 AP And to analyze the results of descriptive statistics - mean and standard deviation and ... - Univariate t-test and a significance level of 0/05 to Spss 18 software is used. Results: Descriptive analysis of the components of project portfolio management based on the three-organized model Bert De Reyck indicated that the first phase had a mean 2/45 ±0/81, the second stage has a mean of 2/02 ± 0/69 and The third phase has a mean of 1/87 ± 0/74 respectively. Effect of portfolio management on the effectiveness indicate that the average effectiveness of projects in each of their indices Optimal level and average has been over the 2/75 .(p-Value

According to the changing business, nowadays teams are cornerstones of successful organizations, In addition, with the developments and technological innovations in communication and information, virtual teams are playing more critical role in today's business. On this basis, determining factors which affect virtual team's performance are important to both scholars and practitioners. By reviewing management literature, OCB as a critical factor influencing performance will be found. According to that this paper investigated the effect of OCB on efficiency and effectiveness of virtual teams which are considered as indicators of virtual team's performance, and ultimately effect of each dimension of OCB on performance is addressed. Base on the paper results, OCB affects efficiency and effectiveness and consequently the performance of virtual teams, and it is proved that, however sportsmanship has no effect on team performance, but other dimensions of OCB such as altruism, conscientiousness, courtesy and civic virtue have direct positive effect on virtual team performance

Strategic performance evaluation of an organization within the industry environment is one of the basic and most important prerequisites of organizational improvement plans. In today’s knowledge-based economy and dynamic environment, it is essential for universities as the centers of education, knowledge creation and knowledge worker evolvement. Till now, variant models with different approaches are deployed to evaluate aspects of the organizations, within various industries. Balanced Scorecard is one of the powerful models for performance evaluation, which analyzes all aspects of the organization evenly. In this paper with the consideration of BSC strength in performance evaluation, it is used in combination with the TOPSIS technique to evaluate and ranking of the best’s Iranian Business Schools. The results could be used in developing plans for these schools as well as other Iranian Management and Business Schools beside it’s coefficient in adapting BSC to higher education and suitable combination of BSC with TOPSIS as a model of performance evaluation.

The contemporary world is marked by generation and consumption of vast volume, high velocity, and considerable diverse data, leading us to the concept of big data. In this study, a system design thinking approach was employed to identify the requirements of Iran's public sector big data system. National big data systems would help governments to support their decisions by data and answer to national problems faster. Given the complexity and time-intensive nature of traditional system requirement analysis methods, their practical application in the industry has been declined. Therefore, in this research, system design thinking as an agile alternative for identifying system requirements has been discussed. To accomplish this, the LDA machine learning method has been utilized to analyze approximately 88,000 articles, a thematic analysis on around 600 Instagram and Twitter posts has been conducted, and six experts representing targeted problem persona were interviewed. The objective of this research is to extract insights to serve as a foundation for formulating big data policies in Iran. Findings reveal that Iran big data system requirements can be classified into four categories which indicate on increasing managed access to data while considering security and privacy, encouraging private and public sectors cooperation, transformation to smart governance, and establishing national data organization which would be responsible of data ID documents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction to a previously published article on developing mathematical models and intelligent sustainable supply chains. The authors have made a small mistake in Figure 1 and have added artificial intelligence codes to the Appendix section. The article discusses the use of neural networks in predicting shipping costs for plastic car accessories. It describes the process of training the neural network and evaluating its performance, as well as different functions and methods used in the analysis. The document concludes that the changes made do not affect the main conclusion of the article and there are no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

The continuous and round-the-clock operation of cryptocurrency mining devices generates significant heat that requires powerful cooling systems. Therefore, the main problem of mining is its high electricity consumption and energy usage. Unfortunately, due to the lack of planning by the country's officials, we are facing the problem of electricity shortage, which the growing digital currencies have exacerbated. Since decision-making in the real world (including the electricity shortage problem caused by mining) is complex and uncertain due to various influential factors, this research aims to apply a strategic selection approach to decision-making and provide solutions to solve the electricity shortage problem caused by cryptocurrency mining in Iran. In this study, the Strategic Choice Approach (SCA), one of the soft operational research methods, has been used for analysis, structuring, and decision tree development. For this purpose, four methods (styles) of SCA, which include ten steps, have been implemented. A working group consisting of twelve experts and stakeholders in digital currencies, facilitated by the researchers of this study, has been formed, and specific flowcharts and labels have been used. According to the SCA method, decision-making areas, decision options, areas of uncertainty, exploratory options, and decision trees have been designed. Finally, a "commitment package" ("improvement package") has been proposed to provide practical solutions. This article provides solutions for solving the electricity shortage problem caused by cryptocurrency mining through the SCA. For this purpose, specific tasks have been assigned to the Islamic Consultative Assembly, the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Energy and Foreign Affairs, and the government, excluding the mentioned ministries and some key players in digital currencies, which should be carried out in the present and future. By structuring the research problem through the SCA method as one of the soft operations research methods, the readers and users of this research will learn more details and dimensions of the mentioned method, contributing to expanding their knowledge of soft operations research. Although the SCA method has been implemented in Iran and other countries for a long time in various social and organizational issues, the diagrams, shapes, and tables used to implement SCA in this research contribute more to the readers' knowledge. It also helps to localize this method and other research done in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of solid waste in Lebanon has evolved into a complex issue, marked by its deleterious environmental, economic, and public health ramifications for both civilians and the state exchequer. Despite the longstanding nature of Lebanon's municipal waste predicament, it escalated to catastrophic proportions in 2015 following the closure of Naameh, the nation's largest landfill. The persisting crisis from 2015 endures due to the government's inadequate and poorly conceived solutions, with the potential to rekindle at any juncture. This paper addresses two fundamental concerns. Initially, a comprehensive portrayal of the municipal solid waste scenario in Lebanon is provided, encompassing its diverse facets. Subsequently, the researchers advocate an integrative approach amalgamating centralized and decentralized systems. Pioneering a strategic proposal to address Lebanon's solid waste predicament, the researchers employ a Journey-Making (JM) methodology to discern direct and indirect actors. Subsequently, a game theory approach, facilitated by the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution (GMCR+) software, is utilized to derive solutions that cater to the satisfaction of all involved parties. The selection of the optimal scenario is contingent upon the available options for the primary stakeholders, factoring in the political, sectarian, economic, and environmental landscape of Lebanon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern era, uncertainty is a common feature of modeling techniques for designing sustainable supply chains. The increasing severity of environmental issues necessitates the integration of sustainable production in supply chain management. The present study aims to develop mathematical models and intelligent sustainable supply chains with uncertain parameters and algorithms. The goal is to design a sustainable and eco-friendly model that minimizes environmental contaminants and system costs. This descriptive-analytical study employs a novel hybrid technique to manage the uncertainty associated with the model parameters, research problems, and problem complexity, and tackle large-scale problems. The automotive industry was selected to implement the mathematical model. These combined techniques consider the disruption-induced capacity reduction and the uncertainties surrounding shipping costs and demand. Results suggest that hybrid models and techniques are efficient in solving large-scale problems and delivering high-quality processing. Further, the findings show that heuristic solutions can significantly reduce computation time for larger problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: While numerous studies have confirmed the relationship between attachment and emotional regulation, there has been limited focus on the mediating factors involved. The term a new concept in psychoanalysis that refers to psychological processes grounded in mentalization. This concept shares common roots with these two constructs and has been examined in the present study. The aim of this study was to investigate the moderating role of reflective functioning in the relationship between attachment styles and difficulties in emotion regulation.Method: The design of this study is non-experimental and correlational. The participants included students from Payam Noor Universities in West Azerbaijan (Miandoab, Shahindej, Bukan, and Urmia) who were enrolled during the academic year 2018-2019. 180 individuals were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling, which involved three stages: the first stage was the university, the second stage was the faculty, and the third stage was the class. These participants completed the Reflective Functioning Questionnaires (RFQ), the Attachment Styles questionnaire (Hazen and Shaver, 1987), and the Difficulty in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz, 2004).Results: Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that individuals with a stronger secure attachment style exhibit greater confidence, which in turn facilitates easier emotion regulation. In addition, possessing an avoidant or anxious attachment style, coupled with high levels of uncertainty, complicates the process of emotion regulation.Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate that the reflective function of certainty and uncertainty moderates the relationship between attachment styles and difficulties in emotion regulation. Specifically, secure attachment styles, along with the reflective function of certainty, are associated with reduced difficulties in emotion regulation, while insecure attachment styles and the reflective function of uncertainty are linked to increased difficulties in emotion regulation.

Objective Food security holds such strategic significance that ensuring it plays a pivotal role in a nation's economic and political self-reliance. The growing reliance on foreign governments for essential food supply considerably undermines a country's political and economic leverage on the global stage. Regrettably, Iran finds itself grappling with over 90 percent dependency on the oilseeds sector, consequently amplifying the nation's susceptibility. Thus, the current study addresses this critical concern, vital for a nation's sustenance. Accordingly, this study comprises the development and cultivation plan of oilseeds in the Islamic Republic of Iran intending to portray a deep-rooted power system that has been formed in the food security system that hinders the optimal implementation strategies. Consequently, the paper aims to provide a model of key stakeholders in the field of food security by employing the Problem Structuring Method (PSM), in search of better analysis of policies and supporting strategies. Methods The study employs stakeholder analysis to introduce the actual stakeholders followed by cognitive mapping, considering the chaotic nature of the issue and structuring the problem for providing an agreed and committed solution. To this aim, FC mapper software is employed for concept mapping, interrelation, and important analysis. Oilseeds Stakeholders were chosen according to the library research method and upstream documents. It was followed by semi-structured interviews with 25 food security experts who have been selected through snowball sampling, for structuring the mentioned stakeholders in a comprehensive model. Results First, in the qualitative part, according to documents a list of 90 stakeholders was proposed. Then, Through the process of conducting expert interviews and utilizing cognitive mapping, while also taking into account additional factors like the objectives, responsibilities, and authorities of the relevant stakeholders, the aim was to ascertain the outcomes of the oilseed development and cultivation plan. Also, the degree of influence, effectiveness, and centrality of all influencing factors were determined which declares their priority as well. Accordingly, the Iranian Ministry of Agricultural is the most influential stakeholder with a value of 0.67, and food security and economic independence with a value of 0.51 is the most influential outcome among other outcomes. Conclusion The research focuses on the systematic formulation of the oilseed cultivation challenge in Iran, culminating in the development of a model to recognize stakeholders, delineate their objectives, responsibilities, and authorities, and analyze the ramifications of the implementation plan using the PSM. Identifying stakeholders as well as their power and interest, goals, and consequences, in a comprehensive model leads to significant implications for the management and maki-policy of the food security system and plays a more effective role in improving the conditions. The obtained outcomes were endorsed and utilized by the Hekmat Institute of Research Policy and Strategic Studies, which provided financial backing for the study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia-lymphoma (B-ALL) accounts for approximately 75% of ALL cases and is observed in children and adults. Recent advances in disease diagnosis, stratification and prognostication have led to a better characterization of different subgroups of ALL. Notwithstanding the significant improvement in the complete remission rate of B-ALL, patients with minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapsed/refractory (R/R) settings suffer from poor outcomes. Hypothesis: However, novel therapies, such as agents targeting tyrosine kinases or the CD20 molecule, combination therapies and improved supportive care, have changed the treatment landscape of B-ALL. Method and results: Meanwhile, blinatumomab has been FDA-approved for MRD-positive or R/R B-ALL patients. Blinatumomab is a bispecific T cell engager containing the CD3 and CD19 that recognize domains redirecting cytotoxic T cells to lyse B cells. Promising outcomes, including long-term overall survival and improved MRD-negative response rates, have been reported in patients who received this drug. Adding blinatumomab to new ALL regimens seems promising for achieving better outcomes in poor prognosis B-ALL patients. Nevertheless, the neurotoxicity and cytokine release syndrome are the two major adverse events following the blinatumomab therapy. Conclusion: This review summarizes the function and effectiveness of blinatumomab in R/R and MRD positive B-ALL patients. Furthermore, blinatumomab's positive and negative aspects as a novel therapy for B-ALL patients have been briefly discussed.

Introduction: The incidence of second malignancies in breast cancer survivors has increased because of early detection and improved cancer treatment modalities. The synchronous occurrence of chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the same patient is higher than in the general population. Several factors, including the history of chemotherapy with alkylating agents, genetic alteration, and long-term survival of breast cancer patients may explain this condition, but further research is needed. Case Presentation: In the present report, we discussed the case of a 48-year-old female who had clear cell RCC; 5 months after the diagnosis of CLL and 15 years after invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: Considering the continued elevated risk of second cancers in patients with breast cancer and CLL in a clinical setting, clinicians should be made aware of ongoing medical surveillance.

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a geometrical isomer of linoleic acid, which has anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer, and anti-obesity properties. However, the studies reported inconstant results about the CLA-related effects on lipid profiles. As a result, meta-analysis and systematic review were performed to survey the CLA supplementation-related effect on lipid profile including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG). To identify the relevant research, a systematic comprehensive search was initiated on the medical databases such as Scopus and PubMed/Medline until December 2022. The overall effect size was estimated by weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) in a random effect meta-analysis. In the final quantitative analysis, the meta-analysis considered 35 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with 1,476 participants (707 controls and 769 cases). The pooled results demonstrated that CLA supplementation, compared with olive oil, significantly increased serum TG levels (WMD: 0.05 mmol/L; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.1; p = 0.04; I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.91). With regard to TC level, CLA supplementation compared with placebo significantly reduced TC concentrations (WMD: −0.08 mmol/L; 95% CI: −0.14 to −0.02; p < 0.001; I2 = 82.4%). Moreover, the non-linear dose–response analysis indicated a decreasing trend of TC serum level from the 15th week of CLA supplementation compared with olive oil (Pnon-linearity = 0.01). The present meta-analysis and systematic review of 35 RCTs showed that the CLA intervention was able to raise the level of TG in comparison to olive oil; however, it can decrease TC level compared with placebo and olive oil.