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Abstract Neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM) is a rare, insulin-dependent diabetes that manifests within the first month of life and requires insulin therapy for management. NDM is categorized into two primary types: transient NDM (TNDM), which typically resolves during infancy or early childhood, and permanent NDM (PNDM), necessitating lifelong insulin treatment. TNDM has an incidence of approximately 1 in 90,000 to 160,000 live births and is characterized by insulin-dependent hyperglycemia that usually resolves within 12 weeks but may relapse in later adolescence or early adulthood. Congenital manifestations often include intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), macroglossia, and umbilical hernia, with its etiology linked to epigenetic alterations on chromosome 6q24 that affect the transcription factor PLAGL1. In contrast, PNDM occurs with an incidence ranging from 1 in 108,999 to 1 in 1,029,999 live births and presents with persistent hyperglycemia requiring lifelong insulin therapy. It is primarily associated with mutations in over 49 genes, particularly KCNJ11 and ABCC8, which disrupt ATP-sensitive potassium channels, while some cases involve mutations in the insulin gene that affect β-cell function. Treatment mainly consists of insulin therapy, although some patients may transition to oral sulfonylureas. Long-term follow-up by a multidisciplinary pediatric team is crucial, as individuals with NDM may experience recurrent diabetes and neurological or neuropsychological issues. Insulin therapy is an effective approach for managing NDM, necessitating meticulous monitoring of blood glucose levels to reduce the risk of long-term complications. Genetic testing is essential for diagnosing both types of NDM and informing treatment strategies, including the potential use of oral sulfonylureas for PNDM. Ongoing research into the genetic mechanisms and long-term management approaches is vital for enhancing clinical outcomes and monitoring complications in affected individuals.

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive investigation into a 3D simulation of magnetorheological (MR) conical bearings, focusing on considering viscous dissipation using the conjugated heat transfer approach. The behavior of MR fluids is expressed through the utilization of the Bingham-Papanastasiou constitutive equation. Notably, this study considers variations in viscosity and yield stress as functions of both magnetic field intensity and temperature. The study utilizes a multidisciplinary approach, encompassing fluid dynamics, magnetism, and heat transfer, to model and analyze the behavior of MR fluids within conical bearing geometries. The governing equations containing Cauchy momentum, energy, and Maxwell equations are solved using the finite element method. This research delves into the impacts of viscous dissipation on the functional and characteristic attributes of conical bearings. The energy equations in solid and fluid domains and extended considerations to the plug region within viscous dissipation are specifically addressed. Extensive validation is performed through a comparative analysis involving experimental, numerical, and analytical studies to ensure the validity of results. The results reveal the substantial impact of temperature on both the characteristics and functionality of magnetorheological conical bearings.

ObjectivePrevious studies on the link between VEGF gene polymorphisms and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) have yielded inconsistent results. This meta-analysis sought to clarify the relationship between genetic variations in the VEGF gene and the risk of BPD.MethodsData were collected from multiple databases, including PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and CNKI, up to January 5, 2024.ResultsNineteen case-control studies were analyzed, featuring 1,051 BPD cases and 1,726 healthy neonates. The analysis included four studies on the −460T/C polymorphism (312 cases, 536 controls), four on the −2578C/A polymorphism (155 cases, 279 controls), six on the +405G/C polymorphism (329 cases, 385 controls), and five on the +936C/T polymorphism (225 cases, 526 controls). The meta-analysis suggests that the −460T/C polymorphism may protect against BPD (C vs. T: OR = 0.715, 95% CI 0.543–0.941, p = 0.017; CC vs. TT: OR = 0.478, 95% CI 0.233–0.983, p = 0.045; CC vs. CT + TT: OR = 0.435, 95% CI 0.248–0.764, p = 0.004). No significant associations were found between the −2578C/A, +405G/C, and +936C/T polymorphisms and BPD susceptibility.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis indicates that the C allele of the −460T/C polymorphism may offer protection against BPD. No significant associations were observed for the −2578C/A, +405G/C, and +936C/T polymorphisms.

Cesarean section (C-section) delivery is associated with a higher risk of respiratory problems in newborns, particularly if performed electively at 37 weeks. This risk is greater than with spontaneous or induced labor but diminishes as gestation advances. To lower the incidence of respiratory issues in newborns, it is vital to promote natural labor, avoid unnecessary C-sections, and offer thorough prenatal care. Healthcare providers and expectant mothers should assess the risks and benefits of elective C-sections carefully. By advocating for natural labor and reducing unnecessary C-sections, the occurrence of respiratory problems in newborns can be decreased. Adequate prenatal care and monitoring are crucial for identifying and managing potential risk factors for respiratory diseases in newborns. It is crucial for healthcare professionals to educate expectant mothers about the risks of elective C-sections and the advantages of allowing labor to progress naturally. By fostering transparent communication and collaborative decision-making between healthcare providers and pregnant women, well-informed choices can be made that prioritize the health of both the mother and the baby. Furthermore, ongoing research and advancements in medical technology can improve our understanding of how delivery methods affect newborn respiratory health, ultimately leading to better outcomes and care practices in the future.

Childhood obesity represents a pressing global public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and its close connection to early-life exposure to risk factors. The onset of obesity is contingent upon the interplay of genetic composition, lifestyle choices, and environmental as well as nutritional elements encountered during both fetal development and early childhood. This paper critically examines research discoveries in this area and concisely outlines the influence of breastfeeding on genetic predispositions associated with childhood obesity. Studies have demonstrated that breastfeeding has the potential to reduce childhood obesity by impacting anthropometric indicators. Moreover, the duration of breastfeeding is directly correlated with the degree to which it alters the risk of childhood obesity. Current explorations into the link between genetic factors transmitted through breast milk and childhood obesity predominantly focus on genes like FTO, Leptin, RXRα, PPAR-γ, and others. Numerous research endeavors have suggested that an extended period of exclusive breastfeeding is tied to a diminished likelihood of childhood obesity, particularly if sustained during the initial six months. The duration of breastfeeding also correlates with gene methylation, which could serve as the epigenetic mechanism underpinning breastfeeding's preventative influence against obesity. In summary, the thorough evaluation presented in this review underscores the intricate nature of the association between breastfeeding, genetic factors, and childhood obesity, providing valuable insights for future research efforts and policy formulation.

Background: Protein metabolism and urea production maintain protein and amino acid homeostasis in normal status. Ammonia results from amino acid turnover and is produced by intestinal urease-positive bacteria. Ammonia must be detoxified, and the urea cycle converts ammonia into urea. CPS1 is an enzyme in the urea cycle that catalyzes ammonia and bicarbonate condensation. CPS1 deficiency presents in the neonatal period with hyperammonemia, resulting in death or neurological sequelae if patients survive. Objectives/aims: To share the experience of patients with CPS1 deficiency from Tawam Hospital and to shed light on the spectrum of variants found in those patients. Methods: A retrospective chart review was done. All patients with CPS1 deficiency admitted to Tawam Hospital from 2010 to 2023 were included. Collected data included age and ammonia level at presentation, the time needed to drop ammonia level below 100 μmol/L, acute management modality provided, long-term neurological sequelae, sequence variants, severity, and duration of hyperammonemia encephalopathy, age at last follow-up, and, if applicable, survival for at least six months. Results: Only five patients with CPS1 deficiency over 13 years were found; two males and three females. Three patients are doing relatively well at 18 months, 7, and 9 years of age. The presented age was in the neonatal period except in one patient. One patient was found to have frameshift, resulting in a premature stop codon in the CPS1 gene, had a devastating course that ended with death. One patient had recurrent hyperammonemia episodes in her first year of life, which led to microcephaly and global developmental delay. One patient underwent hemodialysis, and one patient underwent peritoneal dialysis. All patients except one were on Carglumic acid which could contribute to their survival and disease control. All variants reported here are novel except one. Conclusion: Although the presentation was different in severity, three patients are doing relatively well and approaching their developmental milestones. Thus, early recognition, prompt actions to drop high ammonia level, and good follow-up plans are emphasized. Further studies are needed to correlate the genotype-phenotype of reported variants here, which can help predict the severity of CPS1 deficiency.

Education and training based on the management of inclinations is one of the new approaches in religious education, the main solution of which is jihad with the soul and its main goal is to increase the ability of educators to manage inclinations. The following article aims to examine this approach to religious education in the ideas of Hujjat al−Islam and Muslimeen Panahian. The explanation of this approach begins with the pathology of the current state of education in the country and the focal point of religious education and leads to a revision of the concept of religious education. In this article, using the qualitative analysis method, the general framework of this approach is introduced, including the characteristics of religious education based on the management of desires, foundations, goals, content, presentation methods, educational environment, and stages of religious education.In this approach, the goal of religious education is to provide a program for managing tendencies and empowering the teacher to oppose the lovable. Informing the teacher about all kinds of tendencies and providing exercises to increase the strength of opposition to the air of the breath is one of the characteristics of the content, methods and educational atmosphere of this approach. In the stages of religious education, in the first period, the focus is on recognizing desires, and the second period is followed based on paying attention to deeper and hidden desires.

Abstract This paper presents a novel analytical solution for journal-bearing viscoelastic lubrication using the perturbation method. The nonlinear Giesekus model was used for the constitutive equations to study the effects of fluid elasticity, shear-thinning viscometric functions, and strain-hardening elongational viscosity of viscoelastic lubrication. The investigation focuses on the impact of characteristic parameters such as mobility factor, eccentricity ratio, and Weissenberg number on the fluid film pressure distribution, load capacity, and shear stress. Although distinguishing between the normal stress differences and extensional viscosity in mixed viscoelastic flows is complicated, we investigated the role and contribution of these two factors. By increasing the elasticity of the fluid, the portion of both mentioned parameters increases consequently. Furthermore, analyses and comparisons show the contributions of the first normal stress and elongational viscosity to the load capacity of the bearing through the stress ratio and flow type parameter for the first time. The research findings indicate that fluid elasticity enhances the load capacity of the bearing compared to a Newtonian lubricant with the same effective viscosity. Moreover, the bearing load capacity is divided into two regions. In the linear region, the mobility factor and Weissenberg numbers have minimal effects leading to a linear increase in the load distribution, and in the exponential region, the load capacity changes are considerable. This research provides valuable insights into the behavior of viscoelastic lubrication in journal-bearing systems.

This paper presents an analytical solution for fluid flow and heat transfer inside arbitrarily-shaped triangular ducts for the first time. The former analytical solutions are limited to the special case of isosceles triangular ducts. The literature has no report about the analytical solution for the general case of arbitrarily-shaped triangular ducts. Due to the significant role of fluid flow through non-circular channels in industry and the large number of triangular shapes, a method for solving the heat transfer problem for all triangular shapes is needed. The heat transfer of a fluid flow through a channel with an arbitrary triangular cross-section for the case of constant heat flux at the walls is solved in this work for the first time, considering viscous dissipation. Here, the functionals of flow and heat transfer equations are derived, and the resulting Euler–Lagrange equations are solved using the Ritz method. The effect of the duct geometry on the velocity profile and friction coefficient is studied in detail. The effect of the Brinkman number on the temperature distribution and Nusselt number is investigated for both cooling and heating cases. The results reveal that the critical Brinkman Number distinguishes between the cooling and heating cases and represents the critical point at which the Nusselt number approaches infinity. The value of the Nusselt number decreases with the increase of the Brinkman number in both the wall cooling and heating modes. It is also found that the equilateral triangle exhibits the minimum friction coefficient and the maximum value of the Poiseuille number.

Background: In preterm infants, thyroid disorders are very common but transient, and the cord blood T4 concentration is lower in preterm infants, compared to term infants, and its rate is usually related to gestational age and birth weight. And the effect of Levothyroxine on the nervous system development of preterm infants is still unclear. Aims: We aimed to evaluate Effect of Levothyroxine on the Development of Preterm Infants. Methods: Newborn infants born with GA

Introduction: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has emerged as a novel infection which has spread rapidly across the globe and currently presents a grave threat to the health of the cancer patient. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the proportion of hematological cancer patients with the SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. Method: A comprehensive literature review was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, EKB SciELO, SID, CNKI and Wanfang databases to retrieve all relevant publications up to January 31, 2021. Observational studies, consecutive case-series and case-control studies were included. The proportion for hematological cancer patients with COVID-19 was estimated using the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (95% CIs). Results: Fourteen studies with a total of 3,770 infected cancer patients and 685 hematological cancer cases with COVID-19 were selected. Combined data revealed that the overall proportion of hematological cancer patients with COVID-19 was 16.5% (95% CI 0.130 - 0.208, p ≤ 0.001). The stratified analysis by ethnicity showed that the proportion was 18.8% and 12.4% in Caucasian and Asian hematological cancer patients with COVID-19, respectively. Moreover, subgroup analysis by country of origin showed that its proportion was the highest in the United Kingdom (22.5%), followed by France (17.1%) and China (8.2%). Conclusion: This meta-analysis result indicated that the proportion of hematological cancer patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection during the COVID-19 pandemic was 16.5%. Further larger sample sizes and multicenter studies among different ethnic groups are necessary to get a better assessment of the proportion.

Introduction: Nowadays, the issue of the COVID-19 disease has created a wave of worry and fear among the general public, especially nurses. Nurses include a large group of treatment staff who will not be able to act an optimal care if they do not possess an appropriate mental and physical health. The present research was planned to determine the rate of anxiety and its effective factors among nurses caring for COVD-19 patients at hospitals affiliated with Universities of Medical Sciences of Shiraz and Yazd. Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in the year 2020 using multi-stage stratified random sampling method. Data were collected and analyzed using demographic and Spielberger standard questionnaire. Results: The mean score of overt and covert anxiety among nurses of Shiraz was 51.71±10.59 and 44.28±8.88, and among Yazdi nurses, it was 47.47±12.43 and 44.28±10.70, respectively. According to the results of the linear regression model, the effective factors on overt anxiety consisted of the place of service, marriage status, age, and nurses’ contact with the COVID-19 patients for a period of minimum 15 days. The effective factors on covert anxiety consisted of marriage status and nurses’ contact with the COVID-19 patients for a period of minimum 15 days. Conclusion: Considering the results of the present study and the importance of nursing profession in such created crisis, it is necessary to develop some programs in order to increase the mental health of such personnel.

It is known that slip flow and temperature jump phenomena play a significant role in micro-scale investigations. In this paper, exact analytical solutions for the flow and the convective heat transfer of gaseous flow passing through microtubes are derived for the first time in form of the Whittaker function. Here, it is assumed that both flow and heat transfer is fully developed in a microtube with constant wall temperature. The solution is obtained by considering the Navier-slip conditions for flow and heat transfer at walls. Here, a modal analysis technique is employed to achieve possible solutions for this scenario. Due to the eigenvalue form of governing equations, obtaining the closed-form exact solution for this problem is too difficult from the mathematical point of view and previous studies have been restricted to numerical and approximate series expansion solutions. In this study, an additional constraint is introduced using the definition of the mean temperature and employed to obtain possible eigenvalues related to this problem. Finally, by implementing a scaling law of the Nusselt number of laminar flow in closed conduits, an exact analytical solution for temperature distribution and the heat transfer are derived. It was found that increasing the Prandtl number increases the Nusselt number and increasing the Knudson number decreases the Nusselt number. Based on the obtained solution, the effect of Prandtl number and Knudsen number on heat convection of microtubes are studied in detail.

This study presents a conceptual model with regard to the fundamental role of economic attitude towards water industry as one of the key aspects of the development of internal marketing in the water and wastewater industry. In this study, Interpretive Structural Analysis (ISM) method was used to collect data, interview, design conceptual model and gather data. The results show that according to the conceptual model presented in this study, the economic attitude towards the water industry with high penetration power is recognized as the most fundamental and influential aspect of the development of internal marketing. According to the linkage analysis method, especially the dimension of economic attitude to water industry, infiltration power - dependency is one of the most important aspects of development of internal marketing. In this respect, drafting of outsourcing regulation to improve the performance of water and wastewater industry is necessary.

The hybrid vehicle routing problem is an extension of the green vehicle routing problem where vehicles can use different fuels. In this research, a bi-objective hybrid vehicles routing problem is presented and solved bu considering alternative paths, various lengths and reliabilities. The first objective function minimizes overall system costs and fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, whereas the second objective function maximizes the reliability of the entire system with alternative paths and several reliabilites. The proposed model is formulated as mixed-integer nonlinear programming and a bi-objective simulated annealing (MOSA) algorithm along with the e-constraint method is used as solution strategy. The implementation of the proposed method is presented using some numerical instances.

Introduction: Today, disinfection of surfaces by using antimicrobial agents is critical for the prevention and control of pathogens and reduction of infection in hospital. The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the effects of two disinfectants against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the NICU of Shahid Sadoughi Hospital of Yazd in 2017. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross sectional study, bacterial culture of samples collected from different surfaces of the NICU and S. aureus isolates were identified using conventional biochemical tests. Peracetic acid and chlorine dioxide various concentrations were used as disinfectants. Their effects against Staphylococcus aureus were determined by Standard disc diffusion method. Data were analyzed by linear mixed models in SPSS version 23. Results: 39.39% of samples were found to be S. aureus infected. The mean diameter of growth inhibition zone for peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly lower than that for peracetic acid 0.2%, and peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that for chlorine dioxide (P < 0.001). The comparison of growth inhibition zone diameters for peracetic acid 0.1% and chlorine dioxide disinfectants showed that the average diameter of the inhibition zone created by peracetic acid 0.1% was significantly higher than that created by chlorine dioxide. The most effective disinfectant on S. aureus strains isolated was peracetic acid 0.2% and the least effective disinfectant was chlorine dioxide. Conclusion: In health care facilities with S. aureus infection, peracetic acid 0.2% can be used effectively to reduce nosocomial infection rate.

Introduction: Prevention and management of pain is one of the major challenges in the neonate intensive care units. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of breast-milk and leg massage on the intensity pain from painful procedures such as heel stick. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the effect of breast-milk and leg massage on neonate’s pain intensity during heel-blood sampling in neonatal care unit of Tehran Fayazbakhsh Hospital, Iran in 2016. Neonates were divided into two groups of 15, based on randomly number schedule. In the first group, first massage, then heel stick was performed, after 12 hours of wash out period, breast feeding intervention was performed and then blood sampling was done from the other heel. In the second group, the intervention group, the action had done opposite. The neonates were laid in the supine or lateral position, at the same time as bleeding was started, filming of the faces and organs of the infant was carried out by a researcher's colleague and it continued only two minutes after the bleeding was completed.Videos were viewed by two senior specialist babies and the pain intensity was determined based on the NIPS scale. The data were fed into the SPSS 20 software and descriptive and analytic statistics were applied for data analysis. Results: The mean of the statistical Wilcoxon signed Ranks Test showed that there was a significant difference for pain score during (p

We demonstrate experimentally, for the first time, a distributed digital predistortion model for radio-over-fiber (RoF) downlink suitable for broadband 5G signals. The model reduces the analog-to-digital converter sampling frequency up to 1/3 of the required sampling in the example of the conventional memory polynomial DPD model, hence reducing demodulator costs and hardware complexity. This model also provides better intercarrier interference by reducing the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR). This leads to reduced crosstalk, which impacts the multi-core and multimode RoF links. Long-term evolution advanced signals of a 256-quadratic-amplitude modulation of different bandwidths are used to validate the model. We achieved an average reduction of 2.5 dB in ACLR for signal bandwidths in the range 100–300 MHz while maintaining minimum error vector magnitude (EVM). The RoF downlink can deliver a peak bit rate of 2.016 Gb/s with a spectral efficiency of 6.72 b/Hz and EVM less than 4%.

Background Multiple studies have been carried out examining the association of tumor necrosis factor-α gene (TNF-α) promoter region polymorphisms with recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) risk. However, the results remain con- troversial and incomplete. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the association of the TNF-α -308G>A and -238G>A polymorphisms with RPL risk. Materials and Methods In this meta-analysis, a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Knowledge and EM- BASE was performed to identify relevant studies published until December 1, 2017. The associations were assessed by odds ratio (OR) and its corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 29 case-control studies, comprising 20 studies on TNF-α -308G>A (3,461 cases and 3,895 con- trols) and nine studies on TNF-α -238G>A (2,589 cases and 2,664 controls), were included in the meta-analysis. Over- all, we found TNF-α -308G>A to be associated with an increase in RPL risk under the homozygote (OR=1.716, 95% CI: 1.210-2.433, P=0.002) and the recessive (OR=1.554, 95% CI: 1.100-2.196, P=0.012) models. TNF-α -238G>A was also significantly associated with increased risk of RPL under the allele model (OR=1.554, 95% CI: 1.100-2.196, P=0.012). Stratified analysis revealed a more significant association between the TNF-α -308G>A polymorphism and increased RPL risk in Asians under the homozygote (OR=2.190, 95% CI: 1.465-3.274, P≤0.001), the dominant (OR=1.642, 95% CI: 1.269-2.125, P≤0.001) and the recessive (OR=1.456, 95% CI: 1.039-2.040, P=0.029) models, but not in Caucasians. A non-significant association was, however, identified between TNF-α -238G>A and RPL risk based on ethnicity. Moreover, TNF-α -308G>A and -238G>A polymorphisms were significantly associated with in- creased risk of RPL in high quality studies and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) subgroups. Conclusion The present meta-analysis demonstrates that TNF-α -308G>A and -238G>A polymorphisms are associ- ated with an increased risk of RPL.

Workplace diversity (WPD) is a holistic concept that denotes the differences that exist between people working within an organisation. It describes the complex physical, sociological or psychological attributes such as gender, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religious or political beliefs that define an individual or group. Therefore, WPD transcends the recruitment, representation or preferential treatment of people within an organisation. The complexity of WPD has become one of the most challenging issues currently of critical importance in business and organisational management. Therefore, the paper presents the critical issues currently impacting on WPD in modern day organisations. It identified and highlighted the various prospects and challenges of WPD. The results revealed that diversity in the workplace enhances the critical thinking, problem-solving, and employee professional skills. Furthermore, it enables organisations to attract talent, improve corporate attractiveness, productivity. However, it is currently hampered by the hostility, disrespect and discrimination people with diverse background encounter in the workplace. Such behavioural attitudes as ascribed to prejudices and biases towards people with varied lifestyle choices, ethnic and cultural differences, disabilities, and generational gaps. These factors can stifle morale, teamwork, profitability and the attractiveness of the organisation. Consequently, modern day organisations need to address the causes of these issues to exploit the benefits of WPD. These can be addressed strategies that foster an empowerment culture, build communication and team spirit with organisations. These efforts will promote acceptance, productivity, and profits in future organisations.

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Abstract Background Childhood obesity is increasing all over the world. Food insecurity is mentioned as a possible risk factor; however, previous studies have led to inconsistent results in different societies while data are lacking for the Middle East. We aimed to investigate the relationship between food insecurity and general or abdominal obesity in Iranian children in a cross-sectional study. Methods Anthropometric data including height, weight, and waist circumference were measured by trained nutritionists. General and abdominal obesity were defined based on world health organization (WHO) and Iranian reference curves for age and gender, respectively. Radimer/Cornell food security questionnaire was filled by parents. Data about the physical activity of participants, family socio-economic status, parental obesity and data about perinatal period were also gathered using self-administered questionnaires. Logistic regression was incorporated to investigate the association between food insecurity and obesity in crude and multi-variable adjusted models. Results A total of 587 children aged 9.30 ± 1.49 years had complete data for analysis. Food insecurity at household level was significantly associated with abdominal obesity (odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; confidence interval (CI):1.01–2.34, p

Background: Clofibrate is a pharmacological agent, which affects the lipid metabolism. This compound could be involved in bilirubin accumulation and excretion process. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of oral clofibrate intake on total serum bilirubin (TSB) of neonates hospitalized at Khatam Hospital. Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on 73 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia. Samples were divided into clofibrate (n=41) and control (n=32) groups. In the Clofibrate group, samples were given a single oral dose of 100 mg/kg clofibrate, whereas the control group received distilled water in an equal amount and color as placebo. Birth weight, type of delivery, gender, age and primary TSB level were recorded prior to the intervention and TSB was measured 24, 48 and 72 hours after the intervention. Results: In this study,no significant difference was observed between the groups on the first and third day of intervention in terms of mean TSB in neonates. However, a significant reduction was found on the second day in mean TSB of neonates, who received clofibrate (P=0.04). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, application of clofibrate was associated with faster alleviation of mean TSB and shorter duration of hospital stay without major side effects. Therefore, it is recommended that clofibrate be only used for clinical management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Introduction: The anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) plays a crucial role in cerebellar blood supply, and AICA aneurysms are relatively rare, comprising less than 1-1.5% of all brain aneurysms. Understanding their clinical scenarios, management approaches, and outcomes is essential. This systematic review analyzes data from 86 studies to comprehensively explore AICA aneurysms., Materials and Methods: The process of obtaining relevant research, which includes patients with AICA aneurysms, was carried out using the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. This review exclusively included extensive papers written in English. The search included the MeSH phrases "Anterior inferior cerebellar artery aneurysm" and "AICA aneurysm." Microsurgical and endovascular treatments were compared using statistical analysis, exploring demographics, risk factors, treatment modalities, and clinical outcomes., Results: The review includes 85 case reports and one retrospective study, totaling 140 patients. The study reveals a diverse patient profile with a slight female predominance (65%), a mean age of 50.7 years, and an 82.86% prevalence of no identified risk factors. Ruptured aneurysms accounted for 55%, with microsurgery and endovascular procedures accounting for 70.71% and 27.86%, respectively. The mortality rate was 2.86%, and no significant differences were found in rebleed, recurrence, or mortality rates between treatment groups., Conclusion: Microsurgical and endovascular interventions demonstrate comparable effectiveness, with microsurgery showing superiority in specific situations. Therefore, tailoring treatment is crucial to individual patient needs. Subgroup analyses highlight demographic-specific trends, guiding clinicians in managing this rare pathology., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)