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ABSTRACT A 4‐year‐old white male DSH cat was presented to the Veterinary Hospital on 18 December 2023, with a history of lethargy, loss of appetite, and salivation. During the inspection of the oral cavity, unilateral swelling was observed on the ventral side of the jaw. Before any therapeutic intervention, a cell blood count (CBC) test and FNA cytology were conducted. A five‐day course of adjunctive treatment, including ceftriaxone (5.5 mg/kg via IV) and clindamycin (25 mg/kg via IV), was given due to a suspicion of infection. Pantoprazole, metoclopramide (administered at 1 mg/kg via IV and IM), and duphalyte 500 mL (10 mL/kg IV) were used concurrently to alleviate nausea and stimulate appetite. Following a lack of improvement, a radical excision procedure was performed on tooth number 304 after the 5‐day treatment to excise the mass for histopathology and immunohistochemical analysis. The observation of mitotic bodies, pleomorphism, necrosis, and haemorrhage were consistent with malignancy, and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was suspected. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for the vimentin marker, the S‐100 protein, and desmin. This report describes a rare case of oral fibrosarcoma in a DSH cat in Iran.

Abstract Leaf rust, caused by Puccinia triticina Eriks., is the most common rust disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) worldwide. Owing to the rapid evolution of virulent pathotypes, new and effective leaf rust resistance sources must be found. Aegilops tauschii, an excellent source of resistance genes to a wide range of diseases and pests, may provide novel routes for resistance to this disease. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the transcriptome of leaf rust resistance in two contrasting resistant and susceptible Ae. tauschii accessions using RNA-sequencing. Gene ontology, analysis of pathway enrichment and transcription factors provided an apprehensible review of differentially expressed genes and highlighted biological mechanisms behind the Aegilops–P. triticina interaction. The results showed the resistant accession could uniquely recognize pathogen invasion and respond precisely via reducing galactosyltransferase and overexpressing chromatin remodeling, signaling pathways, cellular homeostasis regulation, alkaloid biosynthesis pathway and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism. However, the suppression of photosynthetic pathway and external stimulus responses were observed upon rust infection in the susceptible genotype. In particular, this first report of comparative transcriptome analysis offers an insight into the strength and weakness of Aegilops against leaf rust and exhibits a pipeline for future wheat breeding programs.

IntroductionPlatelet indices changes in severely ill people and in dogs with inflammation are compatible findings. This study aimed to compare platelet indices between dogs with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and healthy controls. Additionally, to determine whether there is a correlation between the relative prostatic size (Srel) and the platelet indices in BPH dogs.MethodsThirty-five adult intact male dogs of different breeds were allocated to the experimental groups: dogs with clinical BPH (groups A; n = 24; median age of 6 years; the median weight of 8.50 kg) and healthy dogs (group B; n = 11; median age 5.50 years; the median weight of 7.00 kg) based on physical examination, clinical signs, and Srel detected by ultrasonographic findings. The individual prostatic volume (IPV) was divided by the expected prostatic volume (EPV) to determine the relative prostatic size in dogs over 4 years old. Platelet indices were compared between the two groups, and a correlation between Srel and these indices was calculated.ResultsThe median Srel of dogs in group A was significantly higher (P = 0.001), and the mean plateletcrit (PCT) was significantly lower (P = 0.003) compared with those in group B. Srel showed a significant negative correlation with PLT and PCT (r = −0.388; P = 0.02 and r = −0.402; P = 0.01). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed PLT and PCT thresholds for estimating Srel > 1 with 75% and 87.5% sensitivity and 71.82 and 63.64% specificity.DiscussionThe findings of this study support the use of platelet indices like PLT and PCT to detect clinical BPH in dogs. However, more research is needed to confirm their utility in conjunction with other previously described diagnostic factors.

BACKGROUND: It is essential to minimize the effect of time and temperature on the serum biochemical param-eters and determine the stability limits of each analyte in pre-centrifuged blood samples.OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the stability limits of 10 analytes in Turkoman racehorses blood samples stored in different temperatures and time points.METHODS: The whole blood samples from healthy horses (n=10) were stored for 2 h (baseline), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 25ºC or 4ºC. The commercial kits (Parsazmoon, Tehran, Iran) were used for the samples analysis.RESULTS: Albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), and phosphorous (P) exhibited remarkable changes at 25ºC. The storage time for as long as 12 h at 25ºC had no significant effect on urea, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). The stability of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum samples stored at 25ºC was for 24 h and for LDH was for 48 h at 4ºC. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most unstable analyte at different storage times at both temperatures. Urea, TP, ALB, TB, and P were stable at 4ºC for as long as 6 h. Creatinine and ALP were affected by 24 and 48 h storage times at both temperatures. There was a significant difference (P

BACKGROUND: Gentamicin is an effective antibiotic with some important side effects, such as nephrotoxicity. There is evidence of renoprotective effects and antioxidant properties for camel milk. OBJECTIVES: In this study, the impact of camel milk on the nephrotoxicity induced by gentamicin was evaluated. METHODS: The present study was performed on four groups of six Wistar rats. Group 1(C), as the control group, received exclusively normal saline injections and the rats in group 2 (GM) received intraperitoneal gentamicin injections at the dose of 100 mg/kg for the last ten days. The animals in group 3 (CM) were fed by 5 mL/rat/day of camel milk through gavage for 15 days. Group 4 (MGM) was fed camel milk only for the first five days followed by gentamicin injections for 10 days. Serum urea, creatinine, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured and kidneys were studied histopathologically. RESULTS: Increased concentrations of urea and creatinine along with the decreased level of SOD were found in the GM group. Histopathologic changes, such as eosinophilic casts in the tubular lumen, capillary congestion, glomerulonephritis, necrosis, interstitial nephritis, and edema were more common in the GM group, in comparison with the C, CM, and MGM groups (p

Sialic acid (SA), an acetylated derivative of neuroaminic acid, is widely distributed in mammalian tissues. Since SA is usually bound to glycoproteins, glycolipids, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, it is scarcely found as free form in the serum. Moreover, SA is an important structural component of biological membranes and it is widely found in bacteria and animal tissues but its concentration increases rapidly following inflammation and tissue injury. In the present study, the effect of retained fetal membranes (RFM) on plasma sialic acid activity was studied weekly on 60 postpartum Holstein dairy cows with ELISA from 3 weeks before calving to 1 week after calving named as the transitional period. There was a significant difference between the RFM and healthy groups in the amount of sialic acid during the two weeks before calving and also a week after calving. Also, there was a significant difference in the trend of variation of sialic acid concentration during different weeks in each group. The results indicated that upper plasma sialic acid activity is associated with RFM in the early postpartum period and this could be used as a RFM diagnostic parameter beside other diagnostic parameters in dairy cows.

Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. The effect of flunixin meglumine (FM) on MI is unknown. We investigated the protective effect of FM on the serum biochemical profile, malondialdehyde (MDA), and heart histology changes induced by isoproterenol (ISO) in adult male rats. Methods: Rats were randomly divided into four groups of six each as follows: Group 1, control. Group 2, was administered ISO subcutaneously at 85 mg/kg for 2 days. Group 3 was administered FM intraperitoneally at 2 mg/kg/d, for 3 days; and Group 4 was administered FM 2mg/kg/d intraperitoneally for 3 days and ISO 85mg/kg subcutaneously for two consecutive days. Blood samples were collected after anesthesia, 24h after the second ISO administration. The heart tissue was immediately removed for histopathological examination. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), Blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine and serum MDA levels were measured on an autoanalyzer and spectrophotometer. Results: In Group 4 (FM+ISO) the levels of AST, LDH and MDA decreased compared with those for Group 2 (ISO) (P< 0.05). Histopathologic tests revealed that ISO induced myocardial injury in Group 3 rats, whereas the alterations of the heart architecture were improved by FM in Group 4 (FM+ISO). Conclusions: The results suggest that FM has a potential cardioprotective effect against an experimental model of MI in rats.

Objective: Chronic hyperglycemia and overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strong predictors of the development of reproductive complications of diabetes. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of crocin on biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and sperm characteristics as well as testes histopathology in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four rats were divided into the four groups as follows: control, untreated diabetic and two crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg/day)-treated diabetic groups. Diabetes was induced by injection of a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Administration of crocin (intraperitoneally) was started three days after STZ injection and was continued until the 28th day. At the end of the experiment, rats were anesthetized after weighing. Blood samples and epididymal sperm were subsequently collected to measure biochemical parameters (glucose and lipid profile), total oxidant and antioxidant status (TOS and TAS, respectively), oxidative stress index (OSI), and sperm characteristics (count, motility, and viability); also, testes were dissected out for histopathology examination. Results: Our result indicated that blood glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL cholesterol levels, as well as TOS, and OSI decreased, but body weight, sperm counts, motility and viability, as well as TAS and HDL levels increased significantly in the crocin-treated diabetic rats (P˂0.05). In testis sections from diabetic rats treated with crocin (40 and 60 mg/kg), seminiferous tubules exhibited normal shape and restoration of testis architecture was observed. Conclusion: Administration of crocin in the present study, ameliorated blood glucose, lipid abnormalities, oxidative stress, sperm characteristics and testis damage in STZ-diabetic rats.

Software‐defined networking (SDN) is a modern approach for current computer and data networks. The increase in the number of business websites has resulted in an exponential growth in web traffic. To cope with the increased demands, multiple web servers with a front‐end load balancer are widely used by organizations and businesses as a viable solution to improve the performance. In this paper, we propose a load‐balancing mechanism for SDN. Our approach allocates web requests to each server according to its response time and the traffic volume of the corresponding switch port. The centralized SDN controller periodically collects this information to maintain an up‐to‐date view of the load distribution among the servers, and incoming user requests are redirected to the most appropriate server. The simulation results confirm the superiority of our approach compared to several other techniques. Compared to LBBSRT, round robin, and random selection methods, our mechanism improves the average response time by 19.58%, 33.94%, and 57.41%, respectively. Furthermore, the average improvement of throughput in comparison with these algorithms is 16.52%, 29.72%, and 58.27%, respectively.

Urinary dipsticks are often used for the diagnosis of kidney, liver, metabolic, and urogenital diseases in cattle clinical practice for the simplicity of use and ease of access. The aims of the present study were to evaluate the agreement between urinary dipsticks and pH-meter for the urine pH in dairy cattle, and also to compare the urine pH before and after centrifugation from each method. The agreement between urine dipstick and pH-meter methods before and after centrifuge were calculated by Passing-Bablok regression analysis demonstrated constant differences (intercept) at 0.60 and -1.01 and positive proportional differences (slope) at 0.94 and 1.13; respectively. Total bias estimated by Bland-Altman plot analysis before (0.20) and after (0.14) centrifuge were lower than the acceptable bias in urine samples. The regression analysis of this study emphasized that the urinary dipstick can be used to determine the cattle urine.

Deep packet inspection (DPI) acts as a tool to control and classify incoming network traffic depending on users,content, applications and becomes a very important aspect of every network today. Instead of utilising only incoming packet header information, Internet service providers utilise DPI for security purposes, flow management, and routing. The high‐performance challenges that face DPI techniques to manage line‐speed packet processing with restricted available memory are the increasing traffic volumes and link rates. Bloom (BF) and quotient (QF) filters are effective randomised data structures for performing approximate membership queries. They have been employed in many networking applications including DPI. Nevertheless, they consume more calculations which degrade the system performance. Consequently, in this paper, the authors propose a new variant of membership query data structure, called quotient‐based Cuckoo filter (QCF), that reflects a merging process between QF and CF to minimise the calculation overhead and employing it in a DPI system. QCF employs only two hash functions and consumes less calculation overhead than BF, QF, and CF. The implementation results show that using QCF as an identification tool in a DPI system result in a time improvement up to 77% over CF and up to 98% over BF and QF.

Background: Ethinylestradiol (EE) has induced cholestasis and hepatotoxicity in animal studies through reducing bile acid uptake by hepatocytes and induce of oxidative stress. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that by inhibition of release or transcription of proinflammatory cytokine cause prevents oxidative stress of liver cell and reduction of damage. We aimed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on liver injury induced by Ethinylestradiol in rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (300±20 gr) were divided into four groups, equally. Duration of treatment was 5 consecutive days for each group. The control group Simultaneously received orally and subcutaneously normal saline. PTX group Simultaneously received Pentoxifylline orally and normal saline subcutaneously, EE Group Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and normal saline orally. In the EE+PTX group, rats Simultaneously received EE subcutaneously and PTX orally. Rats were anesthetized and blood and tissue samples were collected for measurement of hematological and biochemical parameters. Results: The EE administration increased the serum levels of ALP and MDA significantly. The EE administration also decreased albumin and GPX levels were significant. These aberrations were improved by PTX treatment in EE + PTX group. Most of hematological parameters were not significant by the EE. The plasma level of TNF- in the PTX+ES treated group showed a significant decrease in comparison to that in the ethinyl estradiol group. Conclusion: PTX has partial capacity to protect against liver changes induced by Ethinyl Estradiol.

Deep packet inspection (DPI) represents the major process in network intrusion detection and prevention systems. In DPI each security threat is represented as a signature, and the payload of every incoming data packet is matched against the set of current signatures. Moreover, DPI is also used for other networking applications such as packet classification, quality of service techniques, protocol identification and so on. DPI exhausts extra central processing unit and memory resources, and as a result, several attempts have been proposed to improve this process. In this study, the authors proposed a fast two‐dimensional (2D) filter with low false positive (FP) rate for DPI purposes. It consists of 2D array that employs single hash function and has very low FP rate. Using this filter as an identification tool in a DPI technique will result in more accurate and higher throughput than other systems that employ Bloom (BFs) and quotient filters (QFs). Our experiments show that the proposed solution has time improvement up to 94% over others that employ BFs or QFs and the achieved average throughput is 1.8 Gbps.

One of the main reasons of regional subsidence is drawdown of groundwater level due to Overexploitation of aquifers which can lead to irrecoverable damage to soil deposits. The regional subsidence that has been inflicting Iran in recent years, have greatly damaged to agricultural sites, residential buildings, roads, power transmission lines, etc. The Damaneh City, located at west of Isfahan Province, has been affected by this phenomenon extensively. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the level of depletion of groundwater resources and subsequently land subsidence in this region. The results indicate that drawdown of groundwater level had a direct influence on the subsidence occurrence in the studied region. Considering that the studied area is one of the most important Isfahan's agricultural regions, the primary exploitation of aquifers is related to agricultural purposes. The results showed that water table has dropped 20 m in the Damaneh city during 1977-2014. Accord-ingly, it is essential to use artificial recharge and changing cultivation pattern to revive aquifer and also prevent damage induced by land subsidence.

The term “Geographic Sciences” has gradually changed into other scientific structures in the form of Geographic Sciences Departments. The educational system of Iran is no exception to delivering this issue in such formats. With no doubt the evolution in this field cannot be restricted to one form and if we do not seek to make fundamental changes in the epistemological foundations in this realm, there will not be any major or effective change that would contribute to the knowledge regarding civilization.Kohen (1962) in this respect announces: Basic idea was to challenge the traditional view that the development of science takes place by the gradual accumulation of discoveries and inventions. Instead, he suggested that progress occurs in a more irregular way, with revolution occurring by the replacement of one paradigm by another. Therefore, the origin, continuance and obsolescence of paradigms together occupy an important place in the history of evolution of science. If geography is considered as the knowledge of humanity and environment, and the relation between them, the main question that arises is: which section of these two basic elements can contribute to the fundamental evolution in geographic paradigms? This article is a research project conducted at Isfahan University. Based on a scientific method (cinematic), here the history of changes affecting paradigms in geographic sciences is analyzed.The outcomes of this study show that the shifts of human concept determine the evolution knowledge of geography map rough. The evolution of human concepts in Iran geography can effect on civilization filed and can be obtain from Nabavy taught (divine space).

The complex process of spermatogenesis is regulated by various factors. Studies onspermatogonial stem cells(SCCs)have provided very important tool to improve herd geneticand different field. 0.2 to 0.3 percent of total cells of seminiferous tubules is consist ofspermatogonial stem cells. To investigate and biomanipulation of these cells, proliferationand viability rate of cells should be increasedin vitro, at first. Follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) has been suggested to play a determinant role in the survival of germ cells in additionto increasing spermatogonial proliferation. In this study, thein vitroeffects ofFSHonspermatogonial cell colony formation were investigated. Sertoli and spermatogonial cellswere isolated from 3-5 months old calves. The identity of theSertoli cells and spermatogonialstem cells were confirmed through immunocytochemistry and colony morphology,respectively. Co-cultured Sertoli and spermatogonial cells were treatedwithFSHin differentdose of10, 20 and 40 IU mL-1FSH, before colony assay.Results indicated that,FSHincreasedin vitrocolonization of spermatogonial cells in comparison with control group. In conclusion,usingFSHprovided proper bovine spermatogonial stem cell culture medium forin vitrostudy of these cells.

Objective: To determine the presence of Trypanosoma evansi (T. evansi) and the effect of trypanosomosis on hemato-biochemical profile of dromedary camels in Semnan, Iran, which has not been reported yet. Methods: To perform this project, blood samples were collected by venipuncture into plain and EDTA-K2-containing vacutainer tubes from 21 dromedary camels (12 males and 9 females) aged 3-18 years, from 4 different regions of Semnan. Results: Microscopic examination of stained thin blood smears revealed the presence of T. evansi in one of the samples. However, it should be noted that this sample showed a very high parasitemia (more than 5 trypomastigote were visible per microscopic field with MGG, 1000×). This heavy parasitemia was associated with an 18-year-old female camel that showed symptoms of corneal opacity, intense emaciation and pale mucous membranes. Comparison of hematologyical and serum biochemical profiles between the camel infected by T. evansi and uninfected camels indicated anemia, leukocytosis, hyperproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, reduction A/G ratio, increased α2, β and globulins and decreased of α2 globulins and increased the concentration of gamma-glutamyl transferase enzyme. Conclusions: Results of the present study revealed that trypanosomosis was present in dromedary camels of Semnan, Iran (infection rate is 4.76%) and hemato-biochemical parameters were markedly affected by camel trypanosomosis.

Within packet processing systems, lengthy memory accesses greatly reduce performance. To overcome this limitation, network processors utilize many different techniques, for example, utilizing multilevel memory hierarchies, special hardware architectures, and hardware threading. In this paper, we introduce a multilevel memory architecture for counting Bloom filters. Based on the probabilities of incrementing of the counters in the counting Bloom filter, a multi-level cache architecture called the cached counting Bloom filter (CCBF) is presented, where each cache level stores the items with the same counters. To test the CCBF architecture, we implement a software packet classifier that utilizes basic tuple space search using a 3-level CCBF. The results of mathematical analysis and implementation of the CCBF for packet classification show that the proposed cache architecture decreases the number of memory accesses when compared to a standard Bloom filter. Based on the mathematical analysis of CCBF, the number of accesses is decreased by at least 53%. The implementation results of the software packet classifier are at most 7.8% (3.5% in average) less than corresponding mathematical analysis results. This difference is due to some parameters in the packet classification application such as number of tuples, distribution of rules through the tuples, and utilized hashing functions.

ABSTRACT Polymer flooding has been the most widely used chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method. The experience gained over the past decades from laboratory studies to project design and field implementation has been well documented in the literature. The main objectives of this paper are to evaluate recent observations of polymer floods that report injection rates leading to pressure values above the formation fracture pressure (FFP), high polymer production, formation of tight emulsions and/or productivity losses. Based on this review, it can be concluded that no direct evidence exists to support that injecting polymer above the FFP will lead to more polymer production. However, uncertainties associated with the estimation of fracture propagation/dimensions using pressure Fall-Off Tests (FOT) still remain. High polymer production, other than severe channeling, is generally reported in large scale/commercial projects. The impact of oil geochemistry/ composition and water salinity on oil-water-polymer emulsions is commonly overlooked in polymer flood studies. The formation of in-situ emulsions can also explain the injectivity and/or productivity reduction and well test interpretation (i.e. FOT) reported in polymer floods. It was also identified that the OPEX (Operational Expenditures) associated with oil-water separation in the presence of polymer and productivity losses (i.e. workovers, stimulation costs) are generally underestimated. Finally, this review is expected to contribute with the planning, design and implementation of future polymer flood pilots and field expansions.