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Background: COVID-19 is a newly emerging disease that causes a pandemic situation in the world. Coronavirus can enter into the body in several ways and it damages other organs of the body in addition to the respiratory system. This study aimed at verifying extra-pulmonary manifestation of COVID-19. Methods: The present study was conducted as cross-sectional in a single center from March 1 to May 1 2020 at Firoozgar educational Hospital in Tehran, Iran. 107 patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia according to WHO interim guidance were recruited in this study. Extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 were recorded. SPSS version 26 was used for all the analyses. Results: The mean (SD) and the median age were 59.3 (17.4) and 62.0 years, respectively and 58 (54.2%) were men. Body temperature of the patients who were equal or less than 60 years was significantly higher than other patients (39.02 vs. 38.08°C, p=0001). The most common extra-pulmonary manifestation was GI symptoms including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, hepatocellular Liver Function Test (LFT) abnormality, cholestatic LFT abnormality, and amylase lipase incensement [37 patients (34.6%]. Ophthalmological, cardiac, neurological and dermatological manifestations were shown in 6.5, 6.5, 14.9 and 14.0% of the patients, respectively. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and radiological symptoms of COVID-19 showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may also be associated with extrapulmonary symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and radiologists should be familiar with such symptoms of the disease.

Background Some resources have suggested that genetically inactivated pertussis toxoid (PTs) bear a more protective effect than chemically inactivated products. This study aimed to produce new version of PT, by cloning an inactive pertussis toxin S1 subunit (PTS1) in a fusion form with N-terminal half of the listeriolysin O (LLO) pore-forming toxin. Methods Deposited pdb structure file of the PT was used to model an extra disulfide bond. Codon-optimized ORF of the PTS1 was used to make recombinant constructs of PTS1 and LLO-PTS1 in the pPSG-IBA35 vector. The recombinant PTS1 and LLO-PTS1 proteins were expressed in BL21 DE3 and SHuffle T7 strains of E. coli and purified by affinity chromatography. Cytotoxic effects of the recombinant proteins were examined in the MCF-7 cell line. Results The purity of the products proved to be more than 85%, and the efficiency of the disulfide bond formation in SHuffle T7 strain was higher than BL21 DE3 strain. No cytotoxicity of the recombinant proteins was observed in MCF-7 cells. Soluble recombinant PTS1 and LLO-PTS1 proteins were produced in SHuffle T7 strain of E. coli with high efficiency of disulfide bonds formation. Conclusion The LLO-PTS1 with corrected disulfide bonds was successfully expressed in E. coli SHuffle T7 strain. Due to the safety for human cells, this chimeric molecule can be an option to prevent pertussis disease if its immunostimulatory effects would be confirmed in the future.

Background: Due to widespread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, identification of its risk factors and clinical characteristics are important. The aim of the present study was to assess Vitamin D levels in individuals with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-19 infection and to report on its potential as a predictive marker. Materials and Methods: All patients, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection from February 16 to March 21, 2020, and referred to Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were enrolled in this study. Vitamin D analysis was undertaken on patient serum samples using a commercial kit (Pars Azmoon Co., Tehran, Iran). SPSS v. 22 was used for statistical analysis. Results: Vitamin D serum concentration was analyzed in a total of 317 patients whose mean age ± standard deviation was 62.05 ± 15 years and with 62.5% being male. A significant association of Vitamin D level and death was observed. Higher levels of serum Vitamin D had protection against death (odds ratio = 0.955 [95% confidence interval = 0.923–0.988], P = 0.008). Conclusion: As a preliminary study in the Iranian population who suffered COVID-19 disease, we identified that Vitamin D deficiency was associated with a higher death rate and intensive care unit admission.

Introduction: Currently, we are witnessing the formation of various species of gram-negative microorganisms, including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter, resistant to antibiotics such as MDR, XDR and PDR. This study is important to confirm microbial resistance to an antimicrobial agent and also to monitor the activity of new antimicrobial agents. Regarding XDR gram-negative microorganisms isolated from samples, it was considered necessary to determine MIC. Methods: Patients suspected of various infections with septicemia diagnosed in different wards of the Firoozgar Hospital were enrolled. The quantitative value of minimum growth inhibitor concentration (MIC) was determined for infections caused by highly resistant gram-negative bacteria (acinetobacter and Pseudomonas species) (XDR) reported by antibiogram disk. Results: sample size was 117, of which 41.9% were female and 58.1% were male. Regarding Colistin, 80% of the cultures were resistant and 12% were intermittent; this value was 52% in the MIC test. Regarding tigecycline, 100% of the acinetobacter samples were susceptible to this antibiotic. Most of cultures which had antibiotic resistance were acinetobacter (61.4%) and pseudomonas (39.6%). Discussion: Acinetobacter baumannii is susceptible to tigecycline. Emergence of multi-drug resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and A. baumannii is a major concern in the world, because several drugs, except polymyxins, are available to treat these infections. A significant resistance was found in MIC to Colistin (31.1%). Thus, there is resistance to Colistin, which is one of the last lines of antibiotic treatment. Conclusion: This study shows an increase in percentage resistance of these bacteria to antibiotics. This trend is a worrying process for antibiotic treatment of diseases.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) infection and treatment are significant health organizations' concerns worldwide. Although there is no proven drug license against the virus, a variety of components have under investigation. In this regard, the present study was intended to evaluate the consequences of Sovodak (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir) treatment in COVID-19 patients compared with Kaletra (Lopinavir/ritonavir). Methods: This study was conducted as a randomized trial using 120 COVID19 confirmed cases between August 19th and September 19th, 2020, in which subjects were classified into two treatment groups, 58 (Sovodak group) and 54 (Kaletra group). Related statistical operations calculated significant outcomes such as survival rate and hazard ratio via SPSS v.16. Sovodak was composed of Sofosbuvir 400mg and Daclatasvir 60mg, and Kaletra included Lopinavir 400 mg and ritonavir 100 mg. Results: We observed that there was no significant difference concerning the comorbidities, death, ICU admission, remission. Besides, Kaletra had a higher rate of discharge versus Sovodak (HR=1.551 (95% CI=1.008-2.386), P-value=0.046), and a better outcome was observed in patients receiving Conclusion: Sovodak compared to Kaletra by Hazard plot. Sovodak (Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir) therapy in COVID19 cases was accompanied by a significantly higher survival rate and better outcome than Kaletra (Lopinavir/ritonavir).

Background: COVID-19 is a new emerging disease that causes a pandemic situation in the world. Corona virus can enter into the body via several ways and it damages other organs of the body in addition to the respiratory system. This study aimed at verifying extra-pulmonary manifestation of COVID-19.Methods: The present study was done as cross-sectional in the single center from March 1 to May 1 2020 at Firoozgar educational hospital in Tehran, Iran. 107 patients with confirmed Covid-19 pneumonia according to WHO interim guidance were recruited in this study. Extra-pulmonary manifestations of COVID-19 were recorded. SPSS, version 26 was used for all analyses.Results: The mean (SD) and median of age was 59.3 (17.4) and 62.0 respectively and 58 (54.2%) were men. Body temperature of patients who were equal or less than 60 years was significantly higher than other patients (39.02 vs. 38.08, p=0001). The most common extra-pulmonary manifestation was GI symptoms included nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, Hepatocellular LFT abnormality, Cholestatic LFT abnormality and Amylase lipase incensement (37 patients (34.6%)). Ophthalmological, cardiac, neurological and dermatological manifestations were shown in 6.5%, 6.5%, 14.9% and 14.0% of patients respectively. Conclusion: Investigating the clinical and radiological symptoms of COVID-19 showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection may also be associated with extrapulmonary symptoms. Therefore, clinicians and radiologists should be familiar with such symptoms of this disease.

Highlights • We described GBS symptoms in three infected patients with COVID-19. • The severity of GBS linked to COVID-19 seems considerable in mentioned cases. • AMSAN type of GBS was diagnosed based on electrodiagnostic findings. • GBS must be considered as a rapid progressive neurologic complication of COVID-19., The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic posed an unprecedented challenge to almost all fields of medicine and Neurology is not an exception. Collecting information about its complications and related conditions will help clinicians to become more confident in managing this disease. Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is mostly described as a post-infectious phenomenon and its occurrence during acute phase of illness is of interest. GBS has recently been reported during the active phase of COVID-19 for the first time. Severity and fast progression of GBS associated with COVID-19 have also been shown in recent studies. Here we report three cases of GBS during the active phase of COVID-19 with severe symptoms and fast progression to quadriplegia and facial diplegia over 2 days, which led to death in one case due to severe autonomic dysfunction. We suggest SARS-CoV-2 might be associated with rather a severe, rapidly progressive and life-threatening phenotype of GBS.

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) [COVID-19] quickly turned into a pandemic. Gastrointestinal involvement, especially liver diseases, is one of the main complications of COVID-19 patients. Objectives: The current study aimed to evaluate the high incidence of liver involvement in COVID-19 hospitalized patients and its association with mortality. Methods: A total of 560 hospitalized patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Death was considered as the outcome. In addition to liver enzymes, demographic, clinical, and other laboratory data were also collected. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels ≥ 40 were considered as abnormal. To investigate the association between abnormal levels of liver enzymes and death, multiple regression logistic was used. Results: According to the findings, 29.1% (95% CI = 25.3% - 32.9%) of patients had high levels (≥ 40 IU) of ALT, and 45.1% (95% CI = 40.9% - 49.3%) had high levels of AST (≥ 40 IU). The frequency (based on %) of high levels of AST (≥ 40 U/liter) was significantly higher in patients who died [67.3% (95% CI = 54.5% - 80.1%] of COVID-19 than those who survived [44.9% (95% CI = 39.7% - 50.0%)] (P-value < 0.001). No significant difference was detected in ALT between expired [29.1% (95% CI = 16.7% - 41.5%)] and survived patients [30.7% (95% CI = 25.9% - 35.5%] (P-value = 0.791). AST was found to have an independent association with death in multiple logistic regression (Wald = 4.429, OR (95% CI) = 1.014 (1.008 - 1.020), P-value = 0.035). Conclusions: Liver involvement is a common finding in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Higher levels of AST were significantly associated with an increased mortality rate in COVID-19 patients.

Background: Nosocomial infections are associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and medical burdens. Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii are not-fermentative gram-negative bacteria that considered as the most important nosocomial infection. In the current study, we have aimed to evaluate the sensitivity of Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms to the colistin antibiotic. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, patients admitted to the ICU ward of Firoozgar Hospital from July 2018 to March 2019 were evaluated, and 169 Patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were included. Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated, and antibiotic sensitivity was determined by the disk diffusion method according to Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) criteria. E test was also used to determine MIC-50 and MIC-90 of colistin. Results: Acinetobacter baumannii was around 8 times more frequent than Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Colistin resistance was detected in only 4(2.4%). The mean age of patients infected by Acinetobacter baumannii was significantly higher than those infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Moreover, the mean time of the hospitalization period did not show any significant differences in the different groups. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that the majority of isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were sensitive to Colistin. Therefore, it could be effectively used for patients with a confirmed diagnosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are described as the most common comorbidities among COVID-19 patients. We investigated the adverse effect of ACEIs in diabetic and nondiabetic patients with COVID-19.This prospective study consisted of 617 RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 inpatients. Demographic and baseline characteristics, underlying comorbid diseases, and antihypertensive drugs were evaluated. Study outcome (in-hospital death) was evaluated with the Kaplan-Meyer method and Cox regression model. Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS software for Windows. P values.05 were considered significant.Mean ± SD age was 58.49 ± 15.80 (range: 18 to 94) years old. Cox regression analysis revealed that age (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03 to 1.06), diabetes mellitus (adjusted HR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.32 to 3.26), immunocompromised patients (adjusted HR = 2.33, 95% CI: 1.29 to 4.21), acute kidney injury (AKI) (adjusted HR = 3.23, 95% CI: 2.01 to 5.19), ICU admission (adjusted HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.46 to 4.21), Asthma and COPD (adjusted HR = 2.13, CI:1.6 to 4.28) and ACEI (adjusted HR = 3.08, 95% CI: 1.56 to 6.06), respectively were associated with in-hospital death. Among diabetic patients, ACEI (adjusted HR = 3.51, 95% CI: 1.59 to 7.75), AKI (adjusted HR = 3.32, 95% CI: 1.76 to 6.45) and ICU admission (adjusted HR = 3.64, 95% CI: 1.530 to 8.65) were associated with increased mortality. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed a lower survival rate in diabetic patients with ACE inhibitor (adjusted HR = 3.36, 95% CI: 2.25 to 7.71).ACEIs may harm the diabetic patient's outcome with COVID-19. Further studies can confirm if ACE inhibitors have an adverse effect on COVID-19 diabetic patient's mortality.

Background: Severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may lead to the cytokine storm syndrome which may cause acute respiratory failure syndrome and death. Our aim was to investigate the therapeutic effects of infliximab, intravenous gammaglobulin (IVIg) or combination therapy in patients with severe COVID-19 disease admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: In this observational research, we studied 104 intubated adult patients with severe COVID-19 infection (based on clinical symptoms, and radiographic or CT scan parameters) who were admitted to the ICU of a multispecialty hospital during March 2020 in Tehran, Iran. All cases received standard treatment regimens as local protocol (Oseltamivir + hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir/ritonavir or sofosbuvir or atazanavir ± ribavirin). The cases were grouped as controls (n = 43), infliximab (n = 27), IVIg (n = 23) and combination (n = 11). Results: There was no significant difference between controls and treatment groups in terms of underlying diseases or the number of underlying diseases. The mean age (SD) of cases was 72.42 (16.06) in the control group, 64.52 (12.965) in IVIg, 63.40 (17.57) in infliximab and 64.00 (11.679) in combination therapy; (P = 0.047, 0.031 and 0.11, respectively). Also, 37% in the infliximab group, 26.1% in IVIg, 45.5% in combination therapy, and 62.8% in the control group expired (all P < 0.05). Hazard ratios were 0.31 in IVIg (95% CI: 0.12-0.76, P = 0.01), 0.30 in infliximab (95% CI: 0.13-0.67, P = 0.004), 0.39 in combination therapy (95% CI: 0.12-1.09, P = 0.071). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it seems that infliximab and IVIg, alone or together, in patients with severe COVID-19 disease can be considered an effective treatment.

Background The aim of the current study was to investigate and track the SARS-CoV-2 in Iranian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using molecular and phylogenetic methods. Methods We enrolled seven confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients for the phylogenetic assessment of the SARS-CoV-2 in Iran. The nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes were amplified using one-step RT-PCR and sequenced using Sanger sequencing method. Popular bioinformatics software were used for sequences alignment and analysis as well as phylogenetic construction. Results The mean age of the patients in the present study was 60.42 ± 9.94 years and 57.1% (4/7) were male. The results indicated high similarity between Iranian and Chinese strains. We could not find any particular polymorphisms in the assessed regions of the three genes. Phylogenetic trees by neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood method of nsp-2, nsp-12, and S genes showed that there are not any differences between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. Conclusion As a preliminary phylogenetic study in Iranian SARS-CoV-2 isolates, we found that these isolates are closely related to the Chinese and reference sequences. Also, no sensible differences were observed between Iranian isolates and those of other countries. Further investigations are recommended using more comprehensive methods and larger sample sizes., Highlights • SARS-2 genome showed one genetic pattern. • Iran has the same sequence of SARS-2 like other countries isolates. • SNPs in nsp-2 did not show any polymorphisms between this study isolates and other countries.

Background The role of the screening protocol for viral hepatitis and human immuunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections among infertile couples were seldom investigated. Objective The present study was performed to assess the prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV infections among infertile couples referring to infertility clinic of Royan Institute. Materials and methods This analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 21673 infertile couples referring to infertility clinic of Royan Institute between 2009 and 2014. Serological findings for viral hepatitis B, C and HIV infection were gathered herewith demographic data of the study participants through the study checklist. Ultimately, 302 couples who had at least one positive result in their serological tests were included in the statistical analysis. Results The HBV and HCV infections prevalence among study participants were 0.57% and 0.148% respectively; only two cases had HIV infection. HBV and HCV infections prevalence had significant association with the gender of participants, but there was no significant relationship between these infections and infertility types. Conclusion Viral hepatitis infections screening among infertile couples undergoing assisted reproductive techniques needs more attention.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) is one of the major public health problems and the main causes of cervical cancer. The prevalence HPV infection in developing countries with low financial resources is high. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relative frequency of HPV genotypes and its sociodemographic characteristics in women referred to a general hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2014-2015. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 400 women with Pap smear samples, referring to to a general hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2014-2015. The detection of 28 HPV genotypes was performed by using the Multiplex PCR technique. The sociodemographic survey was conducted for each HPV positive woman. Results: HPV-positive infection was detected in 155 (38.75%) women aged 17-85 years. HPV 16 (19.1%) was the most prevalent type, followed by HPV 39 (12.5%) and HPV 18 (8.9%). The highest rate of HPV infection was observed at the age of 36 years (7.7%). The level of education and economic situation of each woman were showed most of HPV-positive women had a high school diploma (34.6%) and average economic situation (67,9%). 60.9% of these women were a housewife, and 67.3% lived in the capital . Conclusion: Determination of HPV genotype and risk factor related to HPV infection in each geographical region can lead to the production of effective vaccines against the HPV virus. It can also be useful for disease management and high sensitivity diagnosis of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Background: While tuberculosis (TB) can be diagnosed by microscopy and culture, the sensitivity of Ziehl-Neelsen staining is variable and culture results require 4 - 8 weeks to be determined. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its modifications, including nested PCR, might be promising methods for the rapid diagnosis of TB. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of nested PCR on urine samples of humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV)- positive and -negative patients with different manifestations of clinical TB. Methods: In a prospective study, three early-morning urine samples from 100 patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) or extrapulmonary TB (EPTB) were evaluated using a molecular target with insertion element IS6110, specific to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis genome, and nested PCR was performed. The results were analyzed with SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 100 patients, including 74 (74%) with PTB and 26 (26%) with EPTB, were enrolled. Positive smears were seen in 38 patients (38%). Lymph nodes were the most commonly involved organ in 14 of the 26 (53.8%) EPTB patients (13.5%). Seven (23.1%) of the EPTB patients were HIV-positive. Urine PCR was positive in only 28 patients (28%). Seven HIV-positive patients with PTB showed positive urine PCR results. Moreover, PCR results were positive in only one of the seven HIV-positive subjects with EPTB. Positive PCR results were found in 20 of the 73 HIV-negative patients (27.4%) and in 8 of the 27 HIV-positive patients (29.6%). Therefore, there was no significant difference between the HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients for urine PCR (sensitivity 29.6%, specificity 72.6%; positive and negative predictive values 28% and 72%, respectively; P = 0.138). Conclusions: Nested PCR showed the same sensitivity in HIV-positive and HIV-negative patients. It can be applied as a rapid technique for the diagnosis of TB. Keywords: Polymerase Chain Reaction, Urine Specimen Collection, HIV Seropositivity, Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are etiologically associated with the development of virtually all genital warts. HPV-6 and HPV-11 are the most commonly detected HPV genotypes, but at least 20 other HPV genotypes have occasionally been found in genital wart tissue specimens.The aim of this study was to determine from 100 genital wart tissue specimens collected from female patients using multiplex gap-PCR technique the prevalence of various genital HPV among women with HPV genital warts in south of Iran. 100 genital wart tissue specimens were tested for the presence of HPV PG5/PG6 and also for HPV type using polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Based on the collected data, 73 (73 %) samples were detected positive for HPV DNA and 23 (23 %) samples out of 100 samples were detected negative for HPV DNA. 49 (49 %) and 67 (67 %) of patients were detected positive for HPV type 6 and 11, respectively. There was a significant association between marital status and HPV genotype 6 (OR = 0.51, 95 % CI = 0.37-0.70, P = 0.01). Nevertheless, no significant association was found between marriage and HPV genotype 11 (OR = 0.85, 95 % CI = 0.58-1, 24, P = 0.7). Similarly, this result was demonstrated, in combined marriage and HPV-general (OR = 0.80, 95 % CI = 0.62-0.05, P = 0.4).Concerning the prevalence of HPV in our study, determination of genital HPV prevalence and multiple infections among the normal population of women of Hormozgan Province is recommended.

Problem statement: There are some documents which support the role of some certain infections such as Chlamydia trachomatis in spontaneous abortion. As there were not data about role this bacterium in abortion in this area of IRAN, this study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in women with abortion and compare it with healthy women with no previous history of abortion. Approach: This case-control study was carried out in Shariatee hospital of Hormozgan University of medical sciences, during 2004-2005. A number of 220 women with definite diagnosis of previous abortion and 200 matched women with normal full term delivery and negative history of miscarriage as controls were studied as case and control groups. All obtained PAP smears from the case and the control groups were then tested using Immunoflourescent method for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis. Data was analyzed, using SPSS software (chi square and t-test). Results: The prevalence of positive direct immunofluorescent test on PAP smears indicating the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis was 56 (25.45%) in women with abortion comparing to 13 (5.20%) in women in control group, the difference was significant (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed Chlamydia trachomatis is an important causative agent for abortion in this area of IRAN.

Problem statement: Fetal loss and abortion are responsible for significant emotional distress for couples desiring children. There are many documents which support the role of some certain asymptomatic infections such as Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in spontaneous abortion. This study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence of seropositivity for CMV IgG and IgM in women with abortion and compare it with normal women with no previous history of abortion. Approach: This case-control study was carried out in Shariatee hospital of Hormozgan University of medical sciences, during 2003-2004. A number of 250 women with definite diagnosis of previous abortion and 200 matched women with normal full term delivery and negative history of miscarriage as controls were studied as case and control groups. Serum samples were obtained from participants and a demographic questionnaire was also filled for each of them. All serum samples were then tested using ELISA method for detection of anti-CMV IgM and IgG Antibodies. Data was analyzed, using SPSS software (chi square and t-test). Results: The average age was 25.6±7.6 years in case group and 25.3±6.5 years in control group. The number and percentage for CMV-IgG was 235(94%) and 150(75%) in case and control groups, respectively (p-value = 0.0001). In case group 13(5.2%) women were positive for CMV-IgM, while no positive sample was detected in control group (p-value = 0.0001). Conclusion: This study showed higher prevalence of seropositivity for CMV in women with spontaneous abortion comparing to women with normal full term delivery and suggest that cytomegalovirus plays a significant role in abortion.