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1. Phenotypic limits of crop diversity: a data exploration of functional trait space.

Author

Rolhauser, Andrés G., Isaac, Marney E., Violle, Cyrille, Martin, Adam R., Vasseur, François, Lemoine, Taina, Mahaut, Lucie, Fort, Florian, Rotundo, José L., and Vile, Denis

Subjects
PLANT breeding, AGRICULTURE, GENE expression, RICE, SOYBEAN, DURUM wheat
Abstract

Summary: Relationships between crop genetic and functional diversity are key to addressing contemporary agricultural challenges. Yet, there are few approaches for quantifying the relationship between genetic diversity and crop functional trait expression. Here, we introduce 'functional space accumulation curves' to analyze how trait space increases with the number of crop genotypes within a species.We explore the potential for functional space accumulating curves to quantify genotype–trait space relationships in four common annual crop species: barley (Hordeum vulgare), rice (Oryza sativa), soybean (Glycine max), and durum wheat (Triticum durum). We also employ these curves to describe genotype–trait space relationships in the wild annual Arabidopsis thaliana, which has not been subjected to artificial selection.All five species exhibited asymptotic functional space accumulation curves, suggesting a limit to intraspecific functional crop diversity, likely due to: dominant phenotypes represented by several genotypes; or functional redundancy that might exist among genotypes. Our findings indicate that there is a diminishing return of functional diversity with increasing number of genotypes.Our analysis demonstrates the efficacy of functional space accumulation curves in quantifying trait space occupancy of crops, with implications for managing crop diversity in agroecosystems, and genetic diversity in crop breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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2. Weeds: Against the Rules?

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Cheptou, Pierre-Olivier, Fried, Guillaume, Munoz, François, Storkey, Jonathan, Vasseur, François, Violle, Cyrille, and Bretagnolle, François

Published
2020
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7. Beyond trait distances: Functional distinctiveness captures the outcome of plant competition

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, primary, Violle, Cyrille, additional, Shihan, Ammar, additional, Pélissier, Rémi, additional, Morel, Jean‐Benoit, additional, de Tombeur, Félix, additional, Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, additional, Fabre, Denis, additional, Luquet, Delphine, additional, Hartley, Susan, additional, Thorne, Sarah J., additional, Ballini, Elsa, additional, and Fort, Florian, additional

Published
2023
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8. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author

Munoz, François, primary, Klausmeier, Christopher A., additional, Gaüzère, Pierre, additional, Kandlikar, Gaurav, additional, Litchman, Elena, additional, Mouquet, Nicolas, additional, Ostling, Annette, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, Algar, Adam C., additional, Auber, Arnaud, additional, Cadotte, Marc W., additional, Delalandre, Léo, additional, Denelle, Pierre, additional, Enquist, Brian J., additional, Fortunel, Claire, additional, Grenié, Matthias, additional, Loiseau, Nicolas, additional, Mahaut, Lucie, additional, Maire, Anthony, additional, Mouillot, David, additional, Pimiento, Catalina, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, and Kraft, Nathan J. B., additional

Published
2023
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9. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author

Munoz, François, Klausmeier, Christopher, Gaüzère, Pierre, Kandlikar, Gaurav, Litchman, Elena, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried, Algar, Adam, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc, Delalandre, Leo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian, Fortunel, Claire, Grenié, Matthias, Loiseau, Nicolas, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony, Mouillot, David, Violle, Cyrille, Kraft, Nathan, Munoz, François, Klausmeier, Christopher, Gaüzère, Pierre, Kandlikar, Gaurav, Litchman, Elena, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried, Algar, Adam, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc, Delalandre, Leo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian, Fortunel, Claire, Grenié, Matthias, Loiseau, Nicolas, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony, Mouillot, David, Violle, Cyrille, and Kraft, Nathan

Abstract

Recent work has shown that evaluating functional trait distinctiveness, the average trait distance of a species to other species in a community offers promising insights into biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species are poorly understood. Here, we address the issue by considering a heterogeneous fitness landscape whereby functional dimensions encompass peaks representing trait combinations yielding positive population growth rates in a community. We identify four ecological cases contributing to the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species. First, environmental heterogeneity or alternative phenotypic designs can drive positive population growth of functionally distinct species. Second, sink populations with negative population growth can deviate from local fitness peaks and be functionally distinct. Third, species found at the margin of the fitness landscape can persist but be functionally distinct. Fourth, biotic interactions (positive or negative) can dynamically alter the fitness landscape. We offer examples of these four cases and guidelines to distinguish between them. In addition to these deterministic processes, we explore how stochastic dispersal limitation can yield functional distinctiveness. Our framework offers a novel perspective on the relationship between fitness landscape heterogeneity and the functional composition of ecological assemblages.

Published
2023
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10. Beyond trait distances: Functional distinctiveness captures the outcome of plant competition

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Violle, Cyrille, Shihan, Ammar, Pélissier, Rémi, Morel, Jean-Benoit, de Tombeur, Felix, Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, Fabre, Denis, Luquet, Delphine, Hartley, Sue E., Thorne, Sarah J., Ballini, Elsa, Fort, Florian, Mahaut, Lucie, Violle, Cyrille, Shihan, Ammar, Pélissier, Rémi, Morel, Jean-Benoit, de Tombeur, Felix, Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, Fabre, Denis, Luquet, Delphine, Hartley, Sue E., Thorne, Sarah J., Ballini, Elsa, and Fort, Florian

Abstract

Functional trait distances between coexisting organisms reflect not only complementarity in the way they use resources, but also differences in their competitive abilities. Accordingly, absolute and relative trait distances have been widely used to capture the effects of niche dissimilarity and competitive hierarchies, respectively, on the performance of plants in competition. However, multiple dimensions of the plant phenotype are involved in these plant–plant interactions (PPI), challenging the use of relative trait distances to predict their outcomes. Furthermore, estimating the effects of competitive hierarchy on the performance of a group of coexisting plants remains particularly difficult since relative trait distances relate to the effects of a focal plant on another. We argue that trait distinctiveness, an emerging facet of functional diversity that characterizes the eccentric position of a species (or genotype) in a phenotypic space, can reveal the unique role played by a given individual plant in a group of competing plants. We used the model crop species Oryza sativa spp. japonica to evaluate the ability of trait distances and trait distinctiveness to predict the outcome of intraspecific PPI on the performance of single genotype and genotype mixtures. We performed a screening experiment to characterize the phenotypic space of 49 rice genotypes based on 11 above-ground and root traits. We selected nine genotypes with contrasting positions in the phenotypic space and grew them in pots following a complete pairwise interaction design. Relative distances and distinctiveness based on traits associated with light competition were by far the best predictors of the performance of single genotypes—taller genotypes that acquired resource faster being the best competitors—while absolute trait distances had no effect. These results indicate that competitive hierarchy for light dominates PPI in this experiment. Consistently, trait distinctiveness in plant height and a

Published
2023

11. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author

Munoz, François; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-4705, Klausmeier, Christopher A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-5871, Gaüzère, Pierre; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-6131, Kandlikar, Gaurav; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-6780, Litchman, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-6332, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5274, Algar, Adam C; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-0097, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7693, Delalandre, Léo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-7096, Fortunel, Claire; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-1605, Grenié, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-7522, Loiseau, Nicolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-1980, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-773X, Mouillot, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0200-9514, Pimiento, Catalina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-7246, Violle, Cyrille, Kraft, Nathan J B, Munoz, François; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8776-4705, Klausmeier, Christopher A; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6987-5871, Gaüzère, Pierre; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1259-6131, Kandlikar, Gaurav; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3043-6780, Litchman, Elena; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7736-6332, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5388-5274, Algar, Adam C; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8095-0097, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc W; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5816-7693, Delalandre, Léo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6124-7096, Fortunel, Claire; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8367-1605, Grenié, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4659-7522, Loiseau, Nicolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2469-1980, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0920-773X, Mouillot, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0200-9514, Pimiento, Catalina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-7246, Violle, Cyrille, and Kraft, Nathan J B

Abstract

Recent work has shown that evaluating functional trait distinctiveness, the average trait distance of a species to other species in a community offers promising insights into biodiversity dynamics and ecosystem functioning. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species are poorly understood. Here, we address the issue by considering a heterogeneous fitness landscape whereby functional dimensions encompass peaks representing trait combinations yielding positive population growth rates in a community. We identify four ecological cases contributing to the emergence and persistence of functionally distinct species. First, environmental heterogeneity or alternative phenotypic designs can drive positive population growth of functionally distinct species. Second, sink populations with negative population growth can deviate from local fitness peaks and be functionally distinct. Third, species found at the margin of the fitness landscape can persist but be functionally distinct. Fourth, biotic interactions (positive or negative) can dynamically alter the fitness landscape. We offer examples of these four cases and guidelines to distinguish between them. In addition to these deterministic processes, we explore how stochastic dispersal limitation can yield functional distinctiveness. Our framework offers a novel perspective on the relationship between fitness landscape heterogeneity and the functional composition of ecological assemblages.

Published
2023

14. Growth–defence trade-off in rice: fast-growing and acquisitive genotypes have lower expression of genes involved in immunity

Author

de Tombeur, Felix, primary, Pélissier, Rémi, additional, Shihan, Ammar, additional, Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, additional, Fort, Florian, additional, Mahaut, Lucie, additional, Lemoine, Taïna, additional, Thorne, Sarah J, additional, Hartley, Sue E, additional, Luquet, Delphine, additional, Fabre, Denis, additional, Lambers, Hans, additional, Morel, Jean-Benoît, additional, Ballini, Elsa, additional, and Violle, Cyrille, additional

Published
2023
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15. Trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem productivity and stability in temperate grasslands

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, primary, Choler, Philippe, additional, Denelle, Pierre, additional, Garnier, Eric, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, Kattge, Jens, additional, Lemauviel‐Lavenant, Servane, additional, Lavorel, Sandra, additional, Munoz, François, additional, Renard, Delphine, additional, Serra‐Diaz, Josep M., additional, Viovy, Nicolas, additional, and Violle, Cyrille, additional

Published
2023
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16. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author

Munoz, François, primary, Klausmeier, Christopher, additional, Gaüzère, Pierre, additional, Kandlikar, Gaurav, additional, Litchman, Elena, additional, Mouquet, Nicolas, additional, Ostling, Annette, additional, Thuiller, Wilfried, additional, Algar, Adam, additional, Auber, Arnaud, additional, Cadotte, Marc, additional, Delalandre, Leo, additional, Denelle, Pierre, additional, Enquist, Brian, additional, Fortunel, Claire, additional, Grenié, Matthias, additional, Loiseau, Nicolas, additional, Mahaut, Lucie, additional, Maire, Anthony, additional, Mouillot, David, additional, Violle, Cyrille, additional, and Kraft, Nathan, additional

Published
2022
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19. The ecological causes of functional distinctiveness in communities

Author

Munoz, François, Klausmeier, Christopher, Gaüzère, Pierre, Kandlikar, Gaurav, Litchman, Elena, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried, Algar, Adam, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc, Delalandre, Leo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian, Fortunel, Claire, Grenié, Matthias, Loiseau, Nicolas, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony, Mouillot, David, Violle, Cyrille, Kraft, Nathan, Munoz, François, Klausmeier, Christopher, Gaüzère, Pierre, Kandlikar, Gaurav, Litchman, Elena, Mouquet, Nicolas, Ostling, Annette, Thuiller, Wilfried, Algar, Adam, Auber, Arnaud, Cadotte, Marc, Delalandre, Leo, Denelle, Pierre, Enquist, Brian, Fortunel, Claire, Grenié, Matthias, Loiseau, Nicolas, Mahaut, Lucie, Maire, Anthony, Mouillot, David, Violle, Cyrille, and Kraft, Nathan

Abstract

Although how rare species persist in communities is a major ecological question, the critical phenotypic dimension of rarity is broadly overlooked. Recent work has shown that evaluating functional distinctiveness, the average trait distance of a species to other species in a community, offers essential insights into biodiversity dynamics, ecosystem functioning, and biological conservation. However, the ecological mechanisms underlying the persistence of functionally distinct species are poorly understood. Here we propose a heterogeneous fitness landscape framework, whereby functional dimensions encompass peaks representing trait combinations that yield positive intrinsic growth rates in a community. We identify four fundamental causes leading to the persistence of functionally distinct species in a community. First, environmental heterogeneity or alternative phenotypic designs can drive positive population growth of functionally distinct species. Second, sink populations with negative growth can deviate from local fitness peaks and be functionally distinct. Third, species found at the margin of the fitness landscape can persist but be functionally distinct. Fourth, biotic interactions (either positive or negative) can dynamically alter the fitness landscape. We offer examples of these four cases and some guidelines to distinguish among them. In addition to these deterministic processes, we also explore how stochastic dispersal limitation can yield functional distinctiveness.

Published
2022
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21. Growth–defence trade-off in rice: fast-growing and acquisitive genotypes have lower expression of genes involved in immunity.

Author

Tombeur, Felix de, Pélissier, Rémi, Shihan, Ammar, Rahajaharilaza, Koloina, Fort, Florian, Mahaut, Lucie, Lemoine, Taïna, Thorne, Sarah J, Hartley, Sue E, Luquet, Delphine, Fabre, Denis, Lambers, Hans, Morel, Jean-Benoît, Ballini, Elsa, and Violle, Cyrille

Subjects
GENOTYPES, PLANT breeding, PLANT genes, MOLECULAR biologists, SALICYLIC acid, PLANT ecology
Abstract

Plant ecologists and molecular biologists have long considered the hypothesis of a trade-off between plant growth and defence separately. In particular, how genes thought to control the growth–defence trade-off at the molecular level relate to trait-based frameworks in functional ecology, such as the slow–fast plant economics spectrum, is unknown. We grew 49 phenotypically diverse rice genotypes in pots under optimal conditions and measured growth-related functional traits and the constitutive expression of 11 genes involved in plant defence. We also quantified the concentration of silicon (Si) in leaves to estimate silica-based defences. Rice genotypes were aligned along a slow–fast continuum, with slow-growing, late-flowering genotypes versus fast-growing, early-flowering genotypes. Leaf dry matter content and leaf Si concentrations were not aligned with this axis and negatively correlated with each other. Live-fast genotypes exhibited greater expression of OsNPR1 , a regulator of the salicylic acid pathway that promotes plant defence while suppressing plant growth. These genotypes also exhibited greater expression of SPL7 and GH3.2 , which are also involved in both stress resistance and growth. Our results do not support the hypothesis of a growth–defence trade-off when leaf Si and leaf dry matter content are considered, but they do when hormonal pathway genes are considered. We demonstrate the benefits of combining ecological and molecular approaches to elucidate the growth–defence trade-off, opening new avenues for plant breeding and crop science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Global mismatches between crop distributions and climate suitability

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, primary, Pironon, Samuel, additional, Barnagaud, Jean Yves, additional, Bretagnolle, François, additional, Khoury, Colin, additional, Mehrabi, Zia, additional, Milla, Ruben, additional, Phillips, Charlotte, additional, Renard, Delphine, additional, Rieseberg, Loren, additional, and Violle, Cyrille, additional

Published
2021
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24. Ecological Specialization and Rarity of Arable Weeds: Insights from a Comprehensive Survey in France

Author

Munoz, Francois, Fried, Guillaume, Armengot, Laura, Bourgeois, Bérenger, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Chadoeuf, Joel, Mahaut, Lucie, Plumejeaud, Christine, Storkey, Jonathan, Violle, Cyrille, Gaba, Sabrina, Munoz, Francois, Fried, Guillaume, Armengot, Laura, Bourgeois, Bérenger, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Chadoeuf, Joel, Mahaut, Lucie, Plumejeaud, Christine, Storkey, Jonathan, Violle, Cyrille, and Gaba, Sabrina

Abstract

The definition of “arable weeds” remains contentious. Although much attention has been devoted to specialized, segetal weeds, many taxa found in arable fields also commonly occur in other habitats. The extent to which adjacent habitats are favorable to the weed flora and act as potential sources of colonizers in arable fields remains unclear. In addition, weeds form assemblages with large spatiotemporal variability, so that many taxa in weed flora are rarely observed in plot-based surveys. We thus addressed the following questions: How often do weeds occur in other habitats than arable fields? How does including field edges extend the taxonomic and ecological diversity of weeds? How does the weed flora vary across surveys at different spatial and temporal scales? We built a comprehensive dataset of weed taxa in France by compiling weed flora, lists of specialized segetal weeds, and plot-based surveys in agricultural fields, with different spatial and temporal coverages. We informed life forms, biogeographical origins and conservation status of these weeds. We also defined a broader dataset of plants occupying open habitats in France and assessed habitat specialization of weeds and of other plant species absent from arable fields. Our results show that many arable weeds are frequently recorded in both arable fields and non-cultivated open habitats and are, on average, more generalist than species absent from arable fields. Surveys encompassing field edges included species also occurring in mesic grasslands and nitrophilous fringes, suggesting spill-over from surrounding habitats. A total of 71.5% of the French weed flora was not captured in plot-based surveys at regional and national scales, and many rare and declining taxa were of Mediterranean origin. This result underlines the importance of implementing conservation measures for specialist plant species that are particularly reliant on arable fields as a habitat, while also pointing out biotic homogenization of ag

Published
2020

25. Temporal dynamics of arable weeds communities assembly : interactions between farming practices and ecological processes across crop sequences

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Sabrina Gaba, Guillaume Fried, STAR, ABES, and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement

Subjects
[SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Temporal variations, Méta-Communautés, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, [SDV.SA] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Temporal dispersal, Habitat éphémère, Ephemeral habitats, Dispersion temporelle, Variations temporelles, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Metacommunity
Abstract

Understanding how farming practices affect weed community assembly in arable fields is a core challenge of agro-ecology. Weeds are supposed to share particular ecological characteristics that allow them to colonize arable fields despite environmental constrains exert by farming practices. In addition, interactions between ecological processes operating during a cropping season (eg: abiotic filtering) and at the scale of crop succession (eg: temporal dispersal) are supposed to drive weed community assembly in arable fields. These two hypotheses have been tested in my phD work.First, we compared a pool of weed species to a pool of non-weed herbaceous plants based on several functional traits to identify which functional traits and which strategies best characterized weeds. Our result brought evidences that weeds are a subset of non-weed herbaceous plant principally filtered out in arable fields by disturbances such as tillage. Second, I proposed different expected diversity patterns according to the influence of temporal dispersal and temporal variation of environmental conditions within temporal meta-community dynamics. Then I tested these predictions and quantified the respective contribution of contemporary and past ecological processes on weed community assembly. To do so, I used long term weed monitoring Biovigilance Flore dataset. Results showed that weed community assembly relies on complex interactions between temporal dispersal and contemporary environmental conditions. In addition, weed extinction risk seemed to increase for strong temporal variation of environmental conditions. However weed seed bank analyses are needed to confirm this hypothesis. Finally, my results confirmed that weed community assembly is largely unpredictable. I propose that patch dynamics and priority effects may explain this phenomenon.To conclude, the work presented here shade new lights on how farming practices interact with ecological processes across temporal and spatial scales to drive weed community assembly in arable fields., Comprendre comment les pratiques agricoles affectent l’assemblage des communautés de plantes adventices dans les parcelles de grandes cultures annuelles est un enjeu majeur en agro-écologie. Les plantes adventices sont supposées partager certaines caractéristiques écologiques qui leur permettent de se maintenir dans les parcelles cultivées malgré les contraintes environnementales exercées par les pratiques agricoles. De plus, l'assemblage des communautés adventices est supposé dépendre d'interactions entre des processus écologiques opérant pendant une année de culture (par exemple : filtre abiotique) et à l'échelle de la succession des années de cultures (par exemple : dispersion temporelle). Les travaux présentés dans cette thèse ont pour but de tester ces deux hypothèses.Premièrement, nous avons comparé les pools d’espèces adventices aux plantes non adventices retrouvés dans les milieux ouverts et non cultivés sur la base de traits fonctionnels pour identifier les caractéristiques écologiques propres aux adventices. Les résultats montrent que les plantes adventices représentent un sous-échantillon des plantes retrouvées plus largement dans les milieux ouverts principalement filtré par les perturbations type travail du sol. Deuxièmement, j'ai proposé des dynamiques de type méta-communautés temporelles pour prédire les patrons de diversité attendus en fonction de l'influence de la dispersion temporelle et des variations temporelles des conditions environnementales sur l'assemblage des communautés. J'ai ensuite testé ces prédictions et quantifié la contribution relative des processus écologiques contemporains et passés sur l’assemblage d’une communauté. Pour ce faire, j'ai utilisé le jeu de données Biovigilance flore qui est un suivi sur une décennie des communautés de plantes adventices observées dans 1400 parcelles cultivées. Mes résultats montrent que l’assemblage d’une communauté de plantes adventices dépend d'interactions entre la dispersion temporelle et les conditions environnementales contemporaines de ladite communauté. De plus, mes travaux suggèrent que les risques d’extinctions des espèces adventices augmentent pour des niveaux de variations temporelles des conditions environnementales forts. Analyser directement la composition des banques de graines adventices me permettrait de valider cette hypothèse. Finalement, mes résultats confirment que l’assemblage des communautés adventices est largement imprévisible. Je propose donc un scénario basé sur la théorie des dynamiques de patches et du priority effect pour expliquer ce phénomène.En conclusion, les travaux présentés dans ce manuscrit nous permettent de mieux comprendre comment les pratiques agricoles interagissent avec des processus écologiques à différentes échelles spatiales et temporelles pour façonner les communautés de plantes adventices.

Published
2018

27. Caractère fonctionnelle des plantes adventices : comparaison avec les espèces prairiales

Author

Bourgeois, Béranger, Munoz, François, Fried, Guillaume, Gaba, Sabrina, Mahaut, Lucie, Denelle, Pierre, Armengot, Laura, Storkey, Jonathan, Violle, Cyrille, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Grenoble, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), DEPHY Ecophyto. FRA., and ProdInra, Migration

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract

National audience; Dans l’objectif d’identifier les spécificités des plantes adventices, nous avons comparé ces espèces aux espèces prairiales à l’échelle du territoire français sur la base de neuf caractéristiques appelées également traits fonctionnels. Différents ouvrages de référence et inventaires botaniques régionaux ou nationaux réalisés en parcelles agricoles ou en prairies, ont été rassemblés afin d’établir une liste exhaustive de 1 383 espèces adventices (présentes en parcelles agricoles) et de 998 espèces prairiales (présentes uniquement en prairies ; Figure 2). Pour chaque espèce, neuf traits ont été renseignés : la hauteur, la surface foliaire spécifique (SFS), la masse des graines, le type biologique (plantes annuelles, ou thérophytes; plantes à rosettes, ou hémicryptophytes; plantes à bulbes ou rhizomes, ou géophytes), le début de floraison, la durée de floraison, l’affinité pour l’azote (indice N d’Ellenberg), l’affinité pour la lumière (indice L d’Ellenberg), et l’affinité pour l’humidité (indice F d’Ellenberg). Ces neuf traits ont été sélectionnés puisqu’ils déterminent les stratégies d’acquisition des ressources par les plantes, leur aptitude à la compétition, leur phénologie et capacité reproductive, ou leur tolérance aux stress et aux perturbations, et sont donc susceptibles d’être influencés par les pratiques agricoles.

Published
2017

28. Weed cohort succession as a main driver of weed diversity dynamic throughout winter cereal cropping season in both presence and absence of crop species

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Perronne, Rémi, Fried, Guillaume, Gaba, Sabrina, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Unité de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], fungi, food and beverages, respiratory system, human activities
Abstract

EAGESTAD INRA; Ecological succession theory predicts that soon after disturbance, community diversity results from species colonization while competitive interaction plays an increasing influential with time since disturbance. While weeds species in arable fields face frequent disturbances, they also face intense competition for light as they are over-dominated by the crop species. Thus, both colonization and competition may shape weeds community diversity in arable fields. Using a semi-experimental approach, we analysis the evolution of weed diversity throughout time in 56 winter cereal cropping seasons. We use the crop sowing date as proxy of the last disturbance. We predict that in the absence of the crop species, weed diversity increases with time since crop sowing date until arable field’s carrying capacity is reached. Conversely, in the presence of the crop, we expect competition for light to prevent the establishment of late germinating species and select for shade tolerant species so that weed diversity showed a hump-shaped relationship with time since crop sowing date. We found a hump-shaped relationship between weed diversity and time since crop sowing date both in presence of absence of the crop species. A functional diversity analysis revealed that the hump-shaped curve results from the succession of autumn and spring germinating weed species. However, weed richness was always higher in the absence of the crop, revealing that crop competition structure weed diversity since crop sowing date. This analysis suggests that competition may occur in early successional stage plant community as long as species colonization is not limiting.

Published
2017

29. The DISCO-WEED project : disentangling the role of anthropic DISturbances and eCOlogical processes on WEED community assembly

Author

Gaba, Sabrina, Bourgeois, Bérenger, Armengot, Laura, Bonneu, Florent, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Chadoeuf, Joel, Fried, Guillaume, Gabriel, Edith, Poggio, Santiago, Mahaut, Lucie, Munoz, François, Plumejeaud, Christine, Storkey, Jonathan, Violle, Cyrille, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture (FiBL), Laboratoire de Mathématiques d’Avignon, Avignon Université (AU), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BIOSP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Facultad de Agronomía [Buenos Aires], Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires] (UBA), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Rothamsted Research, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Research Institute of Organic Agriculture ( FiBL ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux ( BIOSP ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations ( UMR AMAP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 ( LIENSs ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive ( CEFE ), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 ( UM3 ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Research Institute of Organic Agriculture - Forschungsinstitut für biologischen Landbau (FiBL), EA2151 Laboratoire de Mathématiques d'Avignon (LMA), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biostatistique et Processus Spatiaux (BioSP), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

EAGESTADINRA; The DISCO-WEED project : disentangling the role of anthropic DISturbances and eCOlogical processes on WEED community assembly. Sfécologie-2016, International Conference of Ecological Sciences

Published
2016

31. Is the effect of grassland on weed diversity similar when present in the landscape or in the crop succession?

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Gaba, Sabrina, Fried, Guillaume, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), and International Society for Seed Science (ISSS). INT.

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

EAGESTADINRA; Spatio-temporal seed dispersal is a major process in structuring annual plant communites. However, few emipirical studies have quantified the relative contribution of seed dormancy and seed dispersal on annual plant diversity. In agroecosystems, weeds which are mostly annual species producing dormant seeds can be found both in annual row crops and in semi-natural habitats such as grasslands (fig. 1). Spatial mass effect from grasslands to annual crops have been reported to support weed diversity in annual crops. Similarly, the presence of grasslands in crop successions increases weed diversity in the following annual crops. Both temporal and spatial dispersal from grasslands may thus support weed diversity in arable crops. However, agroecosystems are characterized by highly spatio-temporal dynamics of land use change which questionned the contribution of spatial and temporal presence of grasslands to maintain weed diversity.

Published
2016

32. Spatial and temporal presence of grasslands maintain local weed diversity thanks to spatio-temporal dispersal process

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Bourgeois, Bérenger, Fried, Guillaume, Bretagnolle, Vincent, Bretagnolle, François, Gaba, Sabrina, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Society for Seed Science (ISSS). INT., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro ), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 ( CEBC ), Université de La Rochelle ( ULR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

EAGESTADINRA; In frequently disturbed environments, plant community assembly mainly results from spatial dispersal and temporal dispersal through seed bank. Here, we propose to quantify the relative contributions of temporal and spatial dispersal on weed species assembly in farmlands. Weeds are mostly annual plants that rely exclusively on seeds for perpetuation, the latter presenting various level of longevity and dispersal capacity according to the species. In farmland, arable fields surrounded by landscape with high proportion of grasslands harbor high level of weed diversity revealing important dispersal flux. Similarly, the presence of grasslands in the past history (i.e crop succession) of the field promotes actual weed community diversity thanks to temporal dispersion through the seed bank. Therefore, grasslands favor weed diversity both by being present in the surrounding landscape and in the crop succession. However whether the effect of grasslands is higher in space or time remains unknown mainly because their presence in space and time are generally correlated. We tested the effect of the presence of grasslands (percentage and distance in space vs time) by analyzing weed diversity in winter wheat fields in the LTER ‘Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre’ (France; www.za.plainevalsevre.cnrs.fr). We selected fields so that the presence of grasslands were not correlated in space and time. We then calculated weed taxonomic and functional diversity using Hill’s numbers. Selected traits for functional analysis were seed mass, seed form, seed lipid content, plant height and dormancy levels since they are known to be involved in plant spatio-temporal dispersal. Preliminary results suggest a higher impact of grassland in time than in space on weed diversity. Weed seeds traits diversity may give interesting insights about weed species assembly processes.

Published
2016

34. Assessing the effect of herbicide on crop-weed interaction with weed-crop phylogenetic and functional similaries

Author

Mahaut , Lucie, Laviron , Xavier, Gaba , Sabrina, Fried , Guillaume, ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Société Française d'Ecologie (SFE). FRA., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations ( CBGP ), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement ( CIRAD ) -Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques ( Montpellier SupAgro ) -Institut national de la recherche agronomique [Montpellier] ( INRA Montpellier ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD [France-Sud] ) -Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier ( Montpellier SupAgro )

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio]
Abstract

EAGESTADCT1; Assessing the effect of herbicide on crop-weed interaction with weed-crop phylogenetic and functional similaries. Sfécologie-2016, International Conference of Ecological Sciences

Published
2016

37. Multiple facets of diversity effects on plant productivity: Species richness, functional diversity, species identity and intraspecific competition.

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Fort, Florian, Violle, Cyrille, Freschet, Grégoire T., and Spasojevic, Marko

Subjects
*COMPETITION (Biology), *PLANT species, *SPECIES diversity, *PLANT productivity, *BIOTIC communities
Abstract

Deciphering the mechanisms that drive variation in biomass production across plant communities of contrasting species composition and diversity is a main challenge of biodiversity–ecosystem functioning research. Niche complementarity and selection effect have been widely investigated to address biodiversity–productivity relationships. However, the overlooking of the specific role played by key species has limited so far our capacity to comprehensively assess the relative importance of other potential drivers of biodiversity effects.Here, we conducted a grassland diversity–productivity experiment to test how four potential facets of biodiversity effects, namely species richness, functional diversity, species identity and the relaxation of intraspecific competition, account for variations in above and root biomass production.We grew six plant species in monoculture, as well as in every combination of two, three and six species. Plant density was kept constant across the richness gradient but we additionally grew each species in half‐density monoculture to estimate the strength of intraspecific competition for each studied species. We characterized eight functional traits, including root traits, related to nutrient and light acquisition and computed both the functional dissimilarity and the community‐weighted mean (CWM) of each trait. We further partitioned above‐ground biodiversity effect into complementarity and selection effects.We observed strong positive biodiversity effects on both above‐ground and root biomass as well as strong positive complementarity effect. These arose largely from the presence of a particular species (Plantago lanceolata) and from CWM trait values more than from a higher functional dissimilarity in plant mixtures. P. lanceolata displayed the highest intraspecific competition, which was strongly relaxed in species mixtures. By contrast, the presence of Sanguisorba minor negatively affected the productivity of plant mixtures, this species suffering more from interspecific than intraspecific competition.This study provides strong evidences that the search for key species is critical to understand the role of species diversity on ecosystem functioning and demonstrates the major role that the balance between intraspecific and interspecific competition plays in biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationships. Developing more integrative approaches in community and ecosystem ecology can offer opportunities to better understand the role that species diversity plays on ecosystem functioning. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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38. Comment la succession des pratiques agricoles affecte la structure et la composition des communautés adventices ?

Author

Mahaut, Lucie, Fried, Guillaume, Gaba, Sabrina, Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, LSV, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA). FRA.

Subjects
écologie des communautés, agro-systèmes, diversité, successions culturales, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

National audience

Published
2015

39. Abiotic constraints and biotic resistance control the establishment success and abundance of invasive <italic>Humulus japonicus</italic> in riparian habitats.

Author

Fried, Guillaume, Mahaut, Lucie, Pinston, Amandine, and Carboni, Marta

Abstract

Dispersal, abiotic and biotic constraints are all involved in explaining the success of invasive plants but how these factors influence the different life stages of an invader remains poorly known. Focusing on highly invaded riparian habitats we asked: (1) how do propagule pressure, resource availability and resident vegetation influence the success of the invasive Asian vine Humulus japonicus at different stages of its life cycle (i.e. seedling, vegetative and flowering) (2) what is the influence of increasing resource availability on the performance and trait plasticity of H. japonicus compared to a functionally similar co-occurring native species? To answer the first question we performed a repeated field survey along the Gardon River (S France) with detailed measurements of distance to the riverbed, soil characteristics, light availability, and resident vegetation cover. To answer the second question we used a greenhouse experiment to compare the biomass and three functional traits of H. japonicus and Galium aparine along a gradient of increasing water and nitrogen availability. Initial germination success was only determined by abiotic constraints, while the role of biotic resistance increased for later stages with establishment success favoured by the interaction of low resident vegetation cover and high soil fertility, and final integrated success favoured by high light availability. H. japonicus performed better and showed higher plasticity in plant height than G. aparine under increased resource availability while their biomass did not differ in the lower part of the resource gradient. Our study demonstrates that by combining field and experimental studies and analysing responses at different life stages we can gain a more complete understanding of how ecological filters shape successful invasions in the course of the life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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40. Functional traits modulate plant community responses to alien plant invasion

Author

Cyrille Violle, Lucie Mahaut, Guillaume Fried, Marta Carboni, Fried, Guillaume, Carboni, Marta, Mahaut, Lucie, Violle, Cyrille, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Invasive plant, Plant Science, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, Abundance (ecology), Seed ma, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Riparian zone, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Niche differentiation, food and beverages, Plant community, Vegetation, Temporal niche, 15. Life on land, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Functional trait, Impact, Habitat, Flowering phenology, Species richness, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

It is well known that alien plant invasion modifies the composition and diversity of resident plant communities, yet our ability to predict patterns of vegetation responses to invasion is hampered by a poor understanding of which functional traits make some resident plants more or less vulnerable to invader impacts. For example, resident species may be more likely to persist and coexist with the invader if they display different strategies of resource use (i.e. high niche differences) or if they share similar highly competitive traits (i.e. competitive hierarchy). Here, we used a trait-based approach to 1) specifically test whether species changes in abundance following plant invasion is random or depends on specific functional trait values, 2) identify which functional strategies allow resident species to coexist with the invader and 3) assess to what extent communities where the invader has been removed return to a reference state. To do so, we applied a semi-experimental approach with the annual vine Humulus japonicus, an invasive species in riparian habitats of Southern France. We monitored plant communities seven times over two years in non-invaded reference plots, invaded plots and removal plots in which the invader had been removed at the seedling stage. We quantified species richness and functional richness as well as mean community trait values of seven traits. The comparison of invaded and removal plots highlighted a strong impact of Humulus japonicus on both species and functional richness of riparian communities. Resident species that had a distinct flowering onset from the invader faced less pronounced declines. Specifically, species that flowered before the invader reached high cover, and species that had a short flowering duration had lower risk of declining. In addition, species coexisting with the invader when it reached its maximum cover displayed high stature and high seed mass. These results suggest that both niche differentiation (in terms of flowering strategy) and competitive hierarchies (in terms of height and regeneration strategy) play a role in explaining plant community responses to plant invasion. Finally, while species richness recovered rapidly in removal plots, functional richness remained lower than in non-invaded plots, pointing to a state-shift that would otherwise go undetected. Overall, our study highlights that the analysis of the functional traits of both invaders and resident species, combined with regular monitoring over time of non-invaded reference plots, invaded and removal plots can greatly improve our understanding of the impact of plant invasion on resident communities.

Published
2019
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41. Abiotic constraints and biotic resistance control the establishment success and abundance of invasive Humulus japonicus in riparian habitats

Author

Guillaume Fried, Amandine Pinston, Marta Carboni, Lucie Mahaut, Fried, Guillaume, Mahaut, Lucie, Pinston, Amandine, and Carboni, Marta

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Community invasibility, Plasticity, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Life stage, Niche difference, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Humulus japonicus, Riparian zone, Abiotic component, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Resistance (ecology), Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Propagule pressure, fungi, food and beverages, Vegetation, biology.organism_classification, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematic, Plant ecology, Fitness difference, Biological dispersal, Ecological filter
Abstract

Dispersal, abiotic and biotic constraints are all involved in explaining the success of invasive plants but how these factors influence the different life stages of an invader remains poorly known. Focusing on highly invaded riparian habitats we asked: (1) how do propagule pressure, resource availability and resident vegetation influence the success of the invasive Asian vine Humulus japonicus at different stages of its life cycle (i.e. seedling, vegetative and flowering) (2) what is the influence of increasing resource availability on the performance and trait plasticity of H. japonicus compared to a functionally similar co-occurring native species? To answer the first question we performed a repeated field survey along the Gardon River (S France) with detailed measurements of distance to the riverbed, soil characteristics, light availability, and resident vegetation cover. To answer the second question we used a greenhouse experiment to compare the biomass and three functional traits of H. japonicus and Galium aparine along a gradient of increasing water and nitrogen availability. Initial germination success was only determined by abiotic constraints, while the role of biotic resistance increased for later stages with establishment success favoured by the interaction of low resident vegetation cover and high soil fertility, and final integrated success favoured by high light availability. H. japonicus performed better and showed higher plasticity in plant height than G. aparine under increased resource availability while their biomass did not differ in the lower part of the resource gradient. Our study demonstrates that by combining field and experimental studies and analysing responses at different life stages we can gain a more complete understanding of how ecological filters shape successful invasions in the course of the life cycle.

Published
2018

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