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Abstract Background Regulatory mechanism of ERK1 and ERK2, their mechanisms of action, and how they impact on development, growth, and homeostasis of different organisms have been given much emphasis for long. ERK1 and 2 though are isoforms of ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase but are coded by two different genes MAPK3 and MAPK1 respectively and show differential expressions and interdependency in different cancer cell lines. Our previous investigations substantially stated the effect of ERK1 and ERK2 on different extracellular molecules like MMPs and integrins, responsible for cell growth and differentiation. Here, we aim to study individual roles of ERK1 and ERK2 and their interdependency in progression and invasiveness in various cancer cell lines. Methods Different cancer cell lines namely B16F10 (melanoma), MCF7, and MDAMB231 (breast cancer) for studying this particular question were used. Methodologies like gelatin zymography, immunoprecipitation, Western blotting, cell invasion assay, wound healing assay, siRNA transfection, and double transfection procedures were followed for our study. Results Our findings suggest compensation for ERK2 deficiency by pERK1, clear ERK2 predominance in MCF7 cell line, ERK1-ERK2 interdependency in MDAMB231 cells with regard to compensating each other, and significant role of both ERK1 and ERK2 in modulation of MMP9. Conclusion If summarized, our results prove the contribution of ERK2 in compensating ERK1 loss and vice versa and an evident role of ERK1 in cancer cell invasiveness.

The present research has been aimed to explain the tactics of field artillery against terrorist groups based on mixed research (qualitative- quantitative). The statistical population has consisted of all artillery battalion commanders and above. The sample size in the interview phase was calculated 12 persons through judgmental sampling method and questionnaire phase were calculated 50 persons with Cochran formula and Stratified Random Sampling. Data were measured using a semi-structured interview for explaining field artillery tactics and using a 27-question questionnaire to test research hypotheses. The validity was confirmed for the questionnaire and interview by experts. Also the reliability was confirmed for interview with retest reliability (91%) and questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha (0.90). The result showed; 1) Organization for fighting should be decentralized and firebombed to combat terrorist groups, 2) Artillery fire planning should be detailed at first and followed should be hasty and detailed, and 3) The identification, selection and occupation of the artillery position should be diffused and hasty across the width and depth of the area.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of natural weathering induced by critical climate conditions on quality of sugarcane bagasse lignocellulosic material in Pars factory. The experimental samples selected from fresh and also stored bagasse for durations of 6 months, 1, 2 and 5 years, were used. The mechanical and the chemical properties as well the color variations were measured on taken samples. The results showed that the long storage durations of bagasse significantly decreased the quality of row materials observed in hand sheet tensile and fold strengths. The results illustrated that the amount of Lignin and extractives increased (44 % in lignin and 32% in extractives amount respectively) and also decrease in amount of cellulose and hemicellulose was found (10% for cellulose and 43% for hemicellulose) during 5 years storage in yard. According to the results, there was an obvious difference in L and a color index of 5 years old bagasse in comparing with those of fresh bagasse. Finally it can be drawn that the use of discorded and weathered bagasse could cause the loss in the final products quality which means more chemical treatment for bleaching and more using long fiber in paper making process.

Pediatric TBI is common all over the world including India. It is associated with mortality and long tenn morbidity; especially at risk are boys, aged 1-4 years. Children are quite different from adult in tenn of anatomy physiology and psychological effect of TBI. TBI in children is often diffuse, having more cerebral edema and raised ICP as compared to adult. Most common cause of pediatric TBI is fall. Most of the TBI related fatalities are due to motor vehicle injury First step of management is evaluation and stabilization of life-threatening condition. So, stabilization of airway and cervical spine, breathing and assisted ventilation, circulation and maintenance of cerebral perfusion pressine and control of active bleeding are important stabilization steps. After stabilization one should get details history and examination to assess the trauma severity. A noncontrast CT head should be obtained before shifting to PICU. The goal of intensive care management is to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure, decreased ICP and prevent further cerebral. Neurointensive care includes monitoring and treatment of raised ICP and seizure, and removal of mass effect by neurosurgeryeons. There are pediatric TBI guideline given in 2012 and many review articles by anestheticsfrom anesthesia perspective. The objective of this review is to give a practical overview of pathophysiology and management of severe TBI for pediatric intensivist.

Hospital ethics committees (HECs) help clinicians deal with the ethical challenges which have been raised during clinical practice. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to provide a historical background of the development of HECs internationally and describe their functions and practical challenges of their day to day work. This is the first part of a comprehensive literature review conducted between February 2014 and August 2016 by searching through scientific databases. The keyword ethics committee, combined with hospital, clinic, and institution, was used without a time limitation. All original and discussion articles, as well as other scientific documents were included. Of all the articles and theses found using these keywords, only 56 were consistent with the objectives of the study. Based on the review goals, the findings were divided into three main categories; the inception of HECs in the world, the function of HECs, and the challenges of HECs. According to the results, the Americas Region and European Region countries have been the most prominent considering the establishment of HECs. However, the majority of the Eastern Mediterranean Region and South-East Asia Region countries are only beginning to establish these committees in their hospitals. The results highlight the status and functions of HECs in different countries and may be used as a guide by health policymakers and managers who are at the inception of establishing these committees in their hospitals.

Human serum albumin (HSA) is regarded as a useful biomarker for rapid medical diagnosis of various disorders mainly related to the kidneys and liver. Hence, it is crucial to identify and monitor the HSA level in complex biofluids (urine and blood samples) using a simple approach. Herein, we have designed and synthesized an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) based environment-sensitive fluorescent molecular probe, (E)-2-(3-(2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)vinyl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (DCI-MIN), that can selectively interact with HSA in PBS buffer solution and exhibit a ~78-fold enhancement in fluorescence intensity with a significant Stokes shift (~126 nm), which is important to avoid interference from the excitation light. The significant red fluorescence response can be attributed to the suppression of free intramolecular rotation of the DCI-MIN probe inside the hydrophobic binding cavity of HSA and the low polar microenvironment present within HSA. According to the 3σ/slope method, the detection limit was found to be 1.01 nM (0.0671 mg L-1) in aqueous solutions, which is significantly lower than the normal level of HSA in healthy urine and blood serum, indicating its high sensitivity. DCI-MIN has the ability to exhibit useful applications, including the detection and quantification of HSA concentration in complex biofluids (human urine and blood samples) as well as the imaging of serum albumin in living cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has blocked the world since March 2020, which has increased tension and anxiety among learners. The World Health Organization warned that the pandemic, social isolation, and disinformation could raise stress and anxiety. The present study aims to study the psychological stress of COVID-19 on young learners with respect to gender, locality, type of family, profession and year of study. 430 respondents from different parts of Tamil Nadu responded to a questionnaire based on five dimensions (Mental Stress, Health Stress, Academic Stress, Financial Stress and Social Stress). The results reveal that there is no statistically significant variation in the psychological stress of COVID-19 by gender, locality, type of family and profession among young learners. Female responders have endured tension, assault, and abuse due to the lockdown. Rural respondents felt more alone than their urban peers; young learners experienced the same level of psychological stress regardless of their family types. For future Covid-like scenarios, ideas like mental health, yoga and meditation, dance and music and concepts like 'Vasudhaiva Kutumbaam', and 'Sarve Janah Sukhino Bhavantu' must be incorporated into school education with the line of NEP 2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Corid-19 pandemic has adversely affected all the fields in the w'orld including education. During this epidemic it is noticed that the majority of young learners lost their basic literacy and numeracy skills. IIi order to identify the standards of the students who are studying II to X classes in all the Primary. Upper Primary and Secondary schools functioning under Government management. the Government of Andhra Pradesh has conducted a Baseline assessment survey on 22nd and 26th July 2022 by employing the Oral and Written tools recommended by Pratham Foundation. The foundation annually assess the country-wise academic standards of students and publishes its results in the form of Annual Status of Education Report (ASER). The researchers collected the baseline assessment results of the Mathematics subject of Class VI from the AP Model Schools and KGBVs. From the results, 60 VI class students who are in the level of 'Not having Basic Numeracy Skills' were considered the studys sample. To bring the sample-s standard to the next level of learning for ensuring Foundational Numeracy. the researchers followed the Jigsaw Method of Cooperative learning strategy for 40 instructional hours. The investigators developed Lessoii transcripts and Achievement tests in Mathematics for both pre and post-test levels. Both the pre and post-test results were analysed by employing Mean. SD. Paired sample t-test and Correlation. The results indicate that Jigsaw Cooperative learning strategy has effectively improved the Foundational numeracy levels (Mathematical academic standards) of VI class students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, the effect of Al content (0, 3, 5, 10, 15 wt-%) on the microstructure, mechanical and wear properties of Cu was systematically studied. Interestingly, the core–shell microstructure was observed in the Cu–Al alloys or Al bronzes with different layers of α-Cu, and intermetallic phases. The Cu–Al alloys displayed good compressive yield strength of 174–653 MPa, in particular, the Cu samples with Al (upto 10 wt-%) did not show fracture upto strain of 40%. Abrasion wear was the predominant wear mechanism in pure Cu and Cu–Al alloys after sliding against SiC. The Al addition to Cu drastically decreased the wear rate (198 ×10−3 to 3.8 ×10−3 mm3 N–1m–1) of Cu–Al alloys. The present work demonstrates the advantage of the addition of (5–10 wt-%) Al to Cu in achieving good combination of mechanical and wear properties of Cu–Al alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]