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Nipah virus (NiV) continues to remain a significant threat to health of the public, characterized by its ability to cause respiratory and neurological complications. The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified NiV as a priority disease for its R and D Blueprint. However, despite extensive research efforts, specific antiviral therapies for NiV infection are currently unavailable. This highlights the crucial need to focus on supportive care for patients affected by the NiV. Therapies Prompt medical attention, including mechanical ventilation and intensive care, is crucial in case of NiV infection. Preventive measures such as avoiding consumption of raw date palm sap and implementing control of infection practices, gives a major role in halting the spread of NiV. This review provides a comprehensive overview of NiV, including its unique characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment strategies, and preventive measures. The article also provides details on vaccines currently undergoing clinical trials, including ChAdOx1, PHV02, mRNA-1215, HeV-sG-V, and CD40.NiV. In addition, it highlights that the m102.4 monoclonal antibody and nucleotide analogue remdesivir has shown effective in the Non-Human Primate (NHP) model was also reviewed.

Ferroptosis, a form of regulated cell death, has emerged as a crucial process in diverse pathophysiological states, encompassing cancer, neurodegenerative ailments, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. The glutathione (GSH)-dependent lipid peroxidation pathway, chiefly governed by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), assumes an essential part in driving ferroptosis. GPX4, as the principal orchestrator of ferroptosis, has garnered significant attention across cancer, cardiovascular, and neuroscience domains over the past decade. Noteworthy investigations have elucidated the indispensable functions of ferroptosis in numerous diseases, including tumorigenesis, wherein robust ferroptosis within cells can impede tumor advancement. Recent research has underscored the complex regulatory role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in regulating the GSH-GPX4 network, thus influencing cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. This exhaustive review endeavors to probe into the multifaceted processes by which ncRNAs control the GSH-GPX4 network in ferroptosis. Specifically, we delve into the functions of miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs in regulating GPX4 expression and impacting cellular susceptibility to ferroptosis. Moreover, we discuss the clinical implications of dysregulated interactions between ncRNAs and GPX4 in several conditions, underscoring their capacity as viable targets for therapeutic intervention. Additionally, the review explores emerging strategies aimed at targeting ncRNAs to modulate the GSH-GPX4 pathway and manipulate ferroptosis for therapeutic advantage. A comprehensive understanding of these intricate regulatory networks furnishes insights into innovative therapeutic avenues for diseases associated with perturbed ferroptosis, thereby laying the groundwork for therapeutic interventions targeting ncRNAs in ferroptosis-related pathological conditions.

Abstract Oropharyngeal cancer, a subset of head and neck cancer, is increasingly recognized as a unique clinical entity primarily influenced by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, particularly HPV-16. This review delves into the viral life cycle of HPV-16 and its interactions with host cells, with a specific focus on the crucial roles played by the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. These oncoproteins drive cellular proliferation by targeting critical tumor suppressor proteins like p53 and Rb, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and genomic instability. Furthermore, the significance of epigenetic modifications induced by HPV-16 and their implications is important for cancer progression. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the intricate molecular landscape of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancer, shedding light on the development of targeted therapies and preventive strategies for this emerging global health concern. Video Abstract