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4. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged under immune selection

Author

Tan, Chee Wah, Chia, Wan Ni, Zhu, Feng, Young, Barnaby E., Chantasrisawad, Napaporn, Hwa, Shi-Hsia, Yeoh, Aileen Ying-Yan, Lim, Beng Lee, Yap, Wee Chee, Pada, Surinder Kaur M. S., Tan, Seow Yen, Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon, Toh, Lim Kai, Chen, Shiwei, Zhang, Jinyan, Mah, Yun Yan, Chen, Vivian Chih-Wei, Chen, Mark I-C, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, Sigal, Alex, Putcharoen, Opass, Lye, David Chien, and Wang, Lin-Fa

Published
2022
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5. Inflammasome-Driven Fatal Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Triggered by Mild COVID-19.

Author

Chen, Vivian Chih-Wei, Joseph, Craig Ryan, Chan, Wharton O. Y., Sia, Wan Rong, Su, Qi, Sam, Xin Xiu, Tamilarasan, Hemavathi, Mah, Yun Yan, Ng, Wei Lun, Yeong, Joe, Wang, Lin-Fa, Krishnamoorthy, Thinesh L., Leow, Wei-Qiang, Ahn, Matae, and Chow, Wan Cheng

Subjects
AUTOIMMUNE hepatitis, LIVER failure, VIRUS diseases, LIVER diseases, COVID-19
Abstract

Inflammasome is linked to many inflammatory diseases, including COVID-19 and autoimmune liver diseases. While severe COVID-19 was reported to exacerbate liver failure, we report a fatal acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) in a stable primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome patient triggered by a mild COVID-19 infection. Postmortem liver biopsy showed sparse SARS-CoV-2-infected macrophages with extensive ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) speck-positive hepatocytes, correlating with elevated circulating ASC specks and inflammatory cytokines, and depleted blood monocyte subsets, indicating widespread liver inflammasome activation. This first report of a fatal inflammatory cascade in an autoimmune liver disease triggered by a mild remote viral infection hopes to elucidate a less-described pathophysiology of ACLF that could prompt consideration of new diagnostic and therapeutic options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. BNT162b2 vaccine induced variant-specific immunity, safety and risk of Omicron breakthrough infection in children aged 5 to 11 years: A cohort study

Author

Yung, Chee Fu, primary, Bert, Nina Le, additional, Kam, Kai Qian, additional, Saffari, Seyed Ehsan, additional, Tan, Chee Wah, additional, Mah, Yun Yan, additional, Zhang, Jinyan, additional, Yeoh, Aileen Ying-Yan, additional, Zhu, Feng, additional, Hariharaputran, Smrithi, additional, Chong, Chia Yin, additional, Bertoletti, Antonio, additional, and Wang, Linfa, additional

Published
2023
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8. Differential escape of neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses

Author

Wang, Lin-Fa, primary, Tan, Chee Wah, additional, Chia, Wan Ni, additional, Zhu, Feng, additional, Young, Barnaby, additional, Chantasrisawad, Napaporn, additional, Hwa, Shi-Hsia, additional, Yeoh, Aileen Ying-Yan, additional, Lim, Beng Lee, additional, Yap, Wee Chee, additional, Pada, Surinder Kaur, additional, Tan, Seow Yen, additional, Jantarabenjakul, Watsamon, additional, Chen, Shiwei, additional, Zhang, Jinyan, additional, Mah, Yun Yan, additional, Chen, Vivian, additional, Chen, Mark, additional, Wacharapluesadee, Supaporn, additional, Team, COMMIT-KZN, additional, Putcharoen, Opass, additional, and Lye, David, additional

Published
2022
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9. Differential escape of neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses.

Author

Wang LF, Tan CW, Chia WN, Zhu F, Young B, Chantasrisawad N, Hwa SH, Yeoh AY, Lim BL, Yap WC, Pada SK, Tan SY, Jantarabenjakul W, Chen S, Zhang J, Mah YY, Chen V, Chen M, Wacharapluesadee S, Putcharoen O, and Lye D

Abstract

The SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.529 lineage, Omicron variant, was first detected in November 2021 and carries 32 amino acid mutations in the spike protein (15 in RBD) and exhibits significant escape of neutralizing antibodies targeting the parental SARS-CoV-2 virus. Here, we performed a high-resolution multiplex (16-plex) surrogate virus neutralization assay covering all major SARS-CoV-2 variants and pre-emergent ACE2-binding sarbecoviruses against 20 different human serum panels from infected, vaccinated and hybrid immune individuals which had vaccine-breakthrough infections or infection followed by vaccination. Among all sarbecoviruses tested, we observed 1.1 to 4.7-, 2.3 to 10.3- and 0.7 to 33.3-fold reduction in neutralization activities to SARS-CoV-2 Beta, Omicron and SARS-CoV-1, respectively. Among the SARS-CoV-2 related sarbecoviruses, it is found that the genetically more distant bat RaTG13 and pangolin GX-P5L sarbecoviruses had less neutralization escape than Omicron. Our data suggest that the SARS-CoV-2 variants emerged from the changed immune landscape of human populations are more potent in escaping neutralizing antibodies, from infection or vaccination, than pre-emergent sarbecoviruses naturally evolved in animal populations with no or less immune selection pressure.

Published
2022
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