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11. Haemoglobin thresholds to define anaemia from age 6 months to 65 years: estimates from international data sources

Author

Braat, Sabine, Fielding, Katherine L, Han, Jiru, Jackson, Victoria E, Zaloumis, Sophie, Xu, Jessica Xu Hui, Moir-Meyer, Gemma, Blaauwendraad, Sophia M, Jaddoe, Vincent W V, Gaillard, Romy, Parkin, Patricia C, Borkhoff, Cornelia M, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D G, Birken, Catherine S, Maguire, Jonathon L, Bahlo, Melanie, Davidson, Eliza M, and Pasricha, Sant-Rayn

Published
2024
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17. Parents' perspectives on SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations for children: a qualitative analysis

Author

Wigle, Jannah, Hodwitz, Kathryn, Juando-Prats, Clara, Allan, Kate, Li, Xuedi, Howard, Lisa, Fallon, Barbara, Birken, Catherine S., Maguire, Jonathon L., and Parsons, Janet A.

Subjects
Parents -- Surveys, Communicable diseases in children -- Surveys -- Prevention, Health attitudes -- Surveys, Health
Abstract

Background: Uptake of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for children aged 5-11 years has been lower than anticipated in Canada. Although research has explored parental intentions toward SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for children, parental decisions regarding vaccinations have not been studied in-depth. We sought to explore reasons why parents chose to vaccinate or not vaccinate their children against SARS-CoV-2 to better understand their decisions. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study involving in-depth individual interviews with a purposive sample of parents in the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. We conducted interviews via telephone or video call from February to April 2022 and analyzed the data using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: We interviewed 20 parents. We found that parental attitudes toward SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations for their children represented a complex continuum of concern. We identified 4 cross-cutting themes: the newness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the evidence supporting their use; the perceived politicization of guidance for SARS-CoV-2 vaccination; the social pressure surrounding SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations; and the weighing of individual versus collective benefits of vaccination. Parents found making a decision about vaccinating their child challenging and expressed difficulty sourcing and evaluating evidence, determining the trustworthiness of guidance, and balancing their own conceptions of health care decisions with societal expectations and political messaging. Interpretation: Parents' experiences making decisions regarding SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for their children were complex, even for those who were supportive of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations. These findings provide some explanation for the current patterns of uptake of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among children in Canada; health care providers and public health authorities can consider these insights when planning future vaccine rollouts., In November 2021, children aged 5-11 years became eligible to receive the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in Canada. (1) Before regulatory approval of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for children, about two-thirds of parents in [...]

Published
2023
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21. Randomised trials conducted using cohorts: a scoping review

Author

Nickolls, Beverley Jane, primary, Relton, Clare, additional, Hemkens, Lars, additional, Zwarenstein, Merrick, additional, Eldridge, Sandra, additional, McCall, Stephen J, additional, Griffin, Xavier Luke, additional, Sohanpal, Ratna, additional, Verkooijen, Helena M, additional, Maguire, Jonathon L, additional, and McCord, Kimberly A, additional

Published
2024
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29. Changes in Pediatric Movement Behaviors During the COVID-19 Pandemic by Stages of Lockdown in Ontario, Canada: A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Author

Patel, Priya, Li, Xuedi, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Vanderloo, Leigh M., Kinlin, Laura M., Maguire, Jonathon L., and Birken, Catherine S.

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, STAY-at-home orders, SCREEN time, CHILD behavior, COHORT analysis
Abstract

Background: Children's movement behaviors have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic; however, little is known regarding movement behavior patterns over time by government-issued lockdowns. Our primary objective was to evaluate how children's movement behaviors changed by stages of lockdown/reopening in Ontario, Canada, from 2020 to 2021. Methods: A longitudinal cohort study with repeated measures of exposure and outcomes was conducted. The exposure variables were dates from before and during COVID-19 when child movement behavior questionnaires were completed. Lockdown/reopening dates were included as knot locations in the spline model. The outcomes were daily screen, physical activity, outdoor, and sleep time. Results: A total of 589 children with 4805 observations were included (53.1% boys, 5.9 [2.6] y). On average, screen time increased during the first and second lockdowns and decreased during the second reopening. Physical activity and outdoor time increased during the first lockdown, decreased during the first reopening, and increased during the second reopening. Younger children (<5 y) had greater increases in screen time and lower increases in physical activity and outdoor time than older children (≥5 y). Conclusions: Policy makers should consider the impact of lockdowns on child movement behaviors, especially in younger children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. Randomized Trial of Oral Iron and Diet Advice versus Diet Advice Alone in Young Children with Nonanemic Iron Deficiency

Author

Stoneman, Charles Keown, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thompson, Julia, Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Thompson, Laurie, Barozzino, Tony, Campbell, Douglas, Chisamore, Brian, Danayan, Karoon, Do, Anh, Jacobson, Sheila, Kadar, Paul, Lau, Eddy, Naymark, Sharon, Peer, Michael, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Nav, Saunderson, Janet, Sgro, Michael, Wong, Peter, Zajdman, Michael, Parkin, Patricia C., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Macarthur, Colin, Abdullah, Kawsari, Birken, Catherine S., Fehlings, Darcy, Koroshegyi, Christine, Maguire, Jonathon L., Mamak, Eva, Mamdani, Muhammad, Thorpe, Kevin E., Zlotkin, Stanley H., and Zuo, Fei

Published
2021
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32. Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis of aggregate data from randomised controlled trials

Author

Jolliffe, David A, Camargo, Carlos A, Jr, Sluyter, John D, Aglipay, Mary, Aloia, John F, Ganmaa, Davaasambuu, Bergman, Peter, Bischoff-Ferrari, Heike A, Borzutzky, Arturo, Damsgaard, Camilla T, Dubnov-Raz, Gal, Esposito, Susanna, Gilham, Clare, Ginde, Adit A, Golan-Tripto, Inbal, Goodall, Emma C, Grant, Cameron C, Griffiths, Christopher J, Hibbs, Anna Maria, Janssens, Wim, Khadilkar, Anuradha Vaman, Laaksi, Ilkka, Lee, Margaret T, Loeb, Mark, Maguire, Jonathon L, Majak, Paweł, Mauger, David T, Manaseki-Holland, Semira, Murdoch, David R, Nakashima, Akio, Neale, Rachel E, Pham, Hai, Rake, Christine, Rees, Judy R, Rosendahl, Jenni, Scragg, Robert, Shah, Dheeraj, Shimizu, Yoshiki, Simpson-Yap, Steve, Trilok-Kumar, Geeta, Urashima, Mitsuyoshi, and Martineau, Adrian R

Published
2021
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33. Timing of Introduction to Solid Food, Growth, and Nutrition Risk in Later Childhood

Author

Cohn, Ronald, Lau, Eddy, Laupacis, Andreas, Parkin, Patricia C., Salter, Michael, Szatmari, Peter, Weir, Shannon, Anderson, Laura N., Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Kowal, Christine, Mason, Dalah, Abdurrahman, Murtala, Anderson, Kelly, Arbess, Gordon, Baker, Jillian, Barozzino, Tony, Bergeron, Sylvie, Bhagat, Dimple, Bloch, Gary, Bonifacio, Joey, Bowry, Ashna, Calpin, Caroline, Campbell, Douglas, Cheema, Sohail, Cheng, Elaine, Chisamore, Brian, Constantin, Evelyn, Danayan, Karoon, Das, Paul, Derocher, Mary Beth, Do, Anh, Doukas, Kathleen, Egger, Anne, Farber, Allison, Freedman, Amy, Freeman, Sloane, Gazeley, Sharon, Guiang, Charlie, Ha, Dan, Handford, Curtis, Hanson, Laura, Harrington, Leah, Jacobson, Sheila, Jagiello, Lukasz, Jansz, Gwen, Kadar, Paul, Kim, Florence, Kiran, Tara, Knowles, Holly, Kwok, Bruce, Lakhoo, Sheila, Lam-Antoniades, Margarita, Leduc, Denis, Leung, Fok-Han, Li, Alan, Li, Patricia, Malach, Jessica, Male, Roy, Mascoll, Vashti, Meret, Aleks, Mok, Elise, Moodie, Rosemary, Nader, Maya, Nash, Katherine, Naymark, Sharon, Owen, James, Peer, Michael, Pena, Kifi, Perlmutar, Marty, Persaud, Navindra, Pinto, Andrew, Porepa, Michelle, Qi, Vikky, Ramji, Nasreen, Ramji, Noor, Raza, Danyaal, Rosenthal, Alana, Rouleau, Katherine, Ruderman, Caroline, Saunderson, Janet, Schiralli, Vanna, Sgro, Michael, Shuja, Hafiz, Shepherd, Susan, Smiltnieks, Barbara, Srikanthan, Cinntha, Taylor, Carolyn, Treherne, Stephen, Turner, Suzanne, Uddin, Fatima, van den Heuvel, Meta, Vaughan, Joanne, Weisdorf, Thea, Wijayasinghe, Sheila, Wong, Peter, Yaremko, John, Ying, Ethel, Young, Elizabeth, Zajdman, Michael, Bazeghi, Farnaz, Bouchard, Vincent, Bustos, Marivic, Camacho, Charmaine, Dalwadi, Dharma, Koroshegyi, Christine, Malhi, Tarandeep, Thadani, Sharon, Thompson, Julia, Thompson, Laurie, Aglipay, Mary, Bayoumi, Imaan, Carsley, Sarah, Cost, Katherine, Eny, Karen, Kim, Theresa, Kinlin, Laura, Omand, Jessica, Vanderhout, Shelley, Vanderloo, Leigh, Allen, Christopher, Boodhoo, Bryan, Chan, Olivia, Dai, David W.H., Hall, Judith, Juni, Peter, Lebovic, Gerald, Pope, Karen, Thorpe, Kevin, Kandel, Rita, Rodrigues, Michelle, Vandenberghe, Hilde, D'Hollander, Curtis J., Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., Birken, Catherine S., O'Connor, Deborah L., and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Published
2021
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34. Effect of High-Dose vs Standard-Dose Wintertime Vitamin D Supplementation on Viral Upper Respiratory Tract Infections in Young Healthy Children.

Author

Aglipay, Mary, Birken, Catherine S, Parkin, Patricia C, Loeb, Mark B, Thorpe, Kevin, Chen, Yang, Laupacis, Andreas, Mamdani, Muhammad, Macarthur, Colin, Hoch, Jeffrey S, Mazzulli, Tony, and Maguire, Jonathon L

Subjects
Medical Microbiology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research, Complementary and Integrative Health, Infectious Diseases, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Pediatric, Prevention, Nutrition, 3.3 Nutrition and chemoprevention, Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions, 6.1 Pharmaceuticals, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, Infection, Administration, Oral, Child, Preschool, Common Cold, Dietary Supplements, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Incidence, Infant, Influenza, Human, Male, Nose, Respiratory Tract Infections, Virus Diseases, Vitamin D, Vitamins, TARGet Kids! Collaboration, Medical and Health Sciences, General & Internal Medicine, Biomedical and clinical sciences, Health sciences
Abstract

ImportanceEpidemiological studies support a link between low 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and a higher risk of viral upper respiratory tract infections. However, whether winter supplementation of vitamin D reduces the risk among children is unknown.ObjectiveTo determine whether high-dose vs standard-dose vitamin D supplementation reduces the incidence of wintertime upper respiratory tract infections in young children.Design, setting, and participantsA randomized clinical trial was conducted during the winter months between September 13, 2011, and June 30, 2015, among children aged 1 through 5 years enrolled in TARGet Kids!, a multisite primary care practice-based research network in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.InterventionsThree hundred forty-nine participants were randomized to receive 2000 IU/d of vitamin D oral supplementation (high-dose group) vs 354 participants who were randomized to receive 400 IU/d (standard-dose group) for a minimum of 4 months between September and May.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the number of laboratory-confirmed viral upper respiratory tract infections based on parent-collected nasal swabs over the winter months. Secondary outcomes included the number of influenza infections, noninfluenza infections, parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses, time to first upper respiratory tract infection, and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels at study termination.ResultsAmong 703 participants who were randomized (mean age, 2.7 years, 57.7% boys), 699 (99.4%) completed the trial. The mean number of laboratory-confirmed upper respiratory tract infections per child was 1.05 (95% CI, 0.91-1.19) for the high-dose group and 1.03 (95% CI, 0.90-1.16) for the standard-dose group, for a between-group difference of 0.02 (95% CI, -0.17 to 0.21) per child. There was no statistically significant difference in number of laboratory-confirmed infections between groups (incidence rate ratio [RR], 0.97; 95% CI, 0.80-1.16). There was also no significant difference in the median time to the first laboratory-confirmed infection: 3.95 months (95% CI, 3.02-5.95 months) for the high-dose group vs 3.29 months (95% CI, 2.66-4.14 months) for the standard-dose group, or number of parent-reported upper respiratory tract illnesses between groups (625 for high-dose vs 600 for standard-dose groups, incidence RR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.88-1.16). At study termination, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were 48.7 ng/mL (95% CI, 46.9-50.5 ng/mL) in the high-dose group and 36.8 ng/mL (95% CI, 35.4-38.2 ng/mL) in the standard-dose group.Conclusions and relevanceAmong healthy children aged 1 to 5 years, daily administration of 2000 IU compared with 400 IU of vitamin D supplementation did not reduce overall wintertime upper respiratory tract infections. These findings do not support the routine use of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in children for the prevention of viral upper respiratory tract infections.Trial registrationclinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01419262.

Published
2017

35. Prospective Cohort Study of Vitamin D and Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnoses in Early Childhood

Author

Ali, Yamna, Anderson, Laura N., Smile, Sharon, Chen, Yang, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., Koroshegyi, Christine, Lebovic, Gerald, Parkin, Patricia C., Birken, Catherine S., Szatmari, Peter, and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Abstract

Several studies have suggested an association between vitamin D in childhood and autism spectrum disorder. No prospective studies have evaluated whether lower vitamin D levels precede ASD diagnoses -- a necessary condition for causality. The objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate whether vitamin D serum levels in early childhood was associated with incident physician diagnosed ASD. A prospective cohort study was conducted using data from preschool-aged children in the TARGet Kids! practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada, from June 2008 to July 2015. 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration was measured through blood samples and vitamin D supplementation from parent report. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was determined from medical records at follow-up visits. Covariates included age, sex, family history of autism spectrum disorder, maternal ethnicity, and neighborhood household income. Unadjusted and adjusted relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression with a robust error variance. In this study, 3852 children were included. Autism spectrum disorder diagnosis was identified in 41 children (incidence = 1.1%) over the observation period (average follow-up time = 2.5 years). An association between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration and autism spectrum disorder was not identified in the unadjusted (relative risk = 1.04, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.11 per 10 nmol/L increase in 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration) or adjusted models (adjusted relative risk = 1.06; 95% confidence interval: 0.95, 1.18). An association between vitamin D supplementation in early childhood and autism spectrum disorder was also not identified (adjusted relative risk = 0.86, 95% confidence interval: 0.46, 1.62). Vitamin D in early childhood may not be associated with incident physician diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder.

Published
2019
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37. Underweight in the first 2 years of life and nutrition risk in later childhood: a prospective cohort study.

Author

South, Courtney A., Keown‐Stoneman, Charles D. G., Birken, Catherine S., Malik, Vasanti, Zlotkin, Stanley H., and Maguire, Jonathon L.

Subjects
RISK assessment, LEANNESS, MALNUTRITION, FOOD consumption, RESEARCH funding, BODY mass index, BODY weight, LONGITUDINAL method, STATURE, ODDS ratio, FOOD habits, CONFIDENCE intervals, DISEASE risk factors, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background: Children with underweight in the first 2 years have lower body mass index z‐score (zBMI) and height‐for‐age z‐score (HAZ) in later childhood. It is not known if underweight in the first 2 years is associated with nutrition risk in later childhood. Objective: (1) Determine the relationship between underweight (zBMI < −2) in the first 2 years and nutrition risk measured by the Nutrition Screening for Toddlers and Preschoolers (NutriSTEP) score from 18 months to 5 years. (2) Explore the relationship between underweight in the first 2 years and the NutriSTEP subscores for eating behaviours and dietary intake from 18 months to 5 years. Methods: This was a prospective study, including healthy full‐term children in Canada aged 0–5 years. zBMI was calculated using measured heights and weights and the WHO growth standards. NutriSTEP score was measured using a parent‐completed survey and ranged from 0 to 68. Nutrition risk was defined as a score ≥21. Linear mixed effects models were used. Results: Four thousand nine hundred twenty‐nine children were included in this study. At enrolment, 51.9% of participants were male. The prevalence of underweight children was 8.8%. Underweight in the first 2 years was associated with higher NutriSTEP (0.79, 95% CI: 0.29,1.29), higher eating behaviour subscore (0.24, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.46) at 3 years and higher odds of nutrition risk (OR: 1.39, 95% CI: 1.07,1.82) at 5 years. Conclusions: Children with underweight in the first 2 years had higher nutrition risk in later childhood. Further research is needed to understand the factors which influence these relationships. Key points: In this prospective cohort study of 4929 children aged 0–5 years, children with underweight in the first 2 years of life had higher odds of nutrition risk at 5 years of age compared to children without underweight in the first 2 years (p = 0.02). Further research is needed to understand the factors which influence these relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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42. 1726. Characterization of humoral immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination in children in Canada: interim analysis from the Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2 PRevalence In children and youNG adults in British Columbia (SPRING) Study

Author

Gaultier, Gabrielle N, primary, Lo, Mandy, additional, McMillan, Brynn, additional, Lee, Amy, additional, Cai, Bing, additional, Harn, Tony, additional, Bartlett, Sofia R, additional, Morshed, Muhammad, additional, Sekirov, Inna, additional, Zinszer, Kate, additional, Simons, Elinor, additional, Mandhane, Piushkumar, additional, Maguire, Jonathon L, additional, Jassem, Agatha N, additional, and Sadarangani, Manish, additional

Published
2023
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43. Xylitol for the prevention of acute otitis media episodes in children aged 1–5 years: a randomised controlled trial

Author

Persaud, Navindra, primary, Azarpazhooh, Amir, additional, Keown-Stoneman, Charles, additional, Birken, Catherine S, additional, Isaranuwatchai, Wanrudee, additional, Maguire, Jonathon L, additional, Mamdani, Muhammad, additional, Allen, Christopher, additional, Mason, Dalah, additional, Kowal, Christine, additional, Jaleel, Mateenah, additional, Bazeghi, Farnaz, additional, Thorpe, Kevin E, additional, Laupacis, Andreas, additional, and Parkin, Patricia C, additional

Published
2023
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48. Fit for School Study protocol: early child growth, health behaviours, nutrition, cardiometabolic risk and developmental determinants of a child’s school readiness, a prospective cohort

Author

Birken, Catherine S., primary, Omand, Jessica, primary, Nurse, Kim M, primary, Borkhoff, Cornelia M., primary, Koroshegyi, Christine, primary, Lebovic, Gerald, primary, Maguire, Jonathon L., primary, Mamdani, Muhammad, primary, C. Parkin, Patricia, primary, Simpson, Janis Randall, primary, Tremblay, Mark S., primary, Duku, Eric K., primary, Reid-Westoby, Caroline, primary, and Janus, Magdalena, primary

Published
2023
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50. Predictive Validity of the Infant Toddler Checklist in Primary Care at the 18-month Visit and School Readiness at 4 to 6 Years

Author

Nurse, Kimberly M., primary, Janus, Magdalena, primary, Birken, Catherine S., primary, Keown-Stoneman, Charles D.G., primary, Omand, Jessica, primary, Maguire, Jonathon L., primary, Reid-Westoby, Caroline, primary, Duku, Eric, primary, Mamdani, Muhammad, primary, Tremblay, Mark S., primary, C. Parkin, Patricia, primary, and Borkhoff, Cornelia M., primary

Published
2023
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