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The results of relativistic calculations of nuclear magnetic resonance shielding tensors (σ) for the thallium monocation (Tl+), thallium hydride (TlH), and thallium halides (TlF, TlCl, TlBr, TlI, and TlAt) are presented as obtained within a four-component polarization propagator formalism and a two-component linear response approach within the zeroth-order regular approximation. In addition to a detailed analysis of relativistic effects performed in this work, some quantum electrodynamical (QED) effects on those nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings and other small contributions are estimated. A strong dependence of σ(Tl) on the bonding partner is found, together with a very weak dependence of QED effects with them. In order to explain the trends observed, the excitation patterns associated with relativistic ee (or paramagnetic-like) and pp (or diamagnetic-like) contributions to σ are analyzed. For this purpose, the electronic spin-free and spin-dependent contributions are separated within the two-component zeroth-order regular approximation, and the influence of spin–orbit coupling on involved molecular orbitals is studied, which allows for a thorough understanding of the underlying mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eddy current shielding by a Faraday cage is an effective way to shield alternating-current magnetic fields in scientific instrumentation. In a strong static magnetic field, however, the eddy current in the conductive shield is subject to the Lorentz force, which causes the shield to vibrate. In addition to mechanical issues (e.g., acoustic noise), such vibration induces motional eddy current in the shield that can dominate the original, electromagnetic eddy current to undermine the conductor's shielding capability. In this work, we investigate a method to control motional eddy current by making cut-out patterns in the conductor that follow the electromagnetic eddy current image. This effectively limits the surface current of the plate to a single mode and prevents the proliferation of uncontrolled motion-induced surface currents that disrupts eddy current shielding. After developing a comprehensive theory of magneto-mechanical interaction in a conductive plate, the proposed method was tested on a flat-geometry testbed experiment inside a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) magnet. It was found that the magnetic field generated by the motional eddy current was much more localized in space and frequency for a patterned-copper shield compared to a solid copper. The magnetic field of the patterned shield could be accurately predicted from the impedance measurement in the magnet. Implications of our results for improved shielding of gradient fields in high-field MRI are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Near-zero magnetic shielding systems (MSSs) can provide basic experimental environments for extremely weak magnetic measurements. Reducing the internal magnetic field of MSS is the crucial element of high-sensitivity measurements, which is related to the shielding material flux. As an effective way to regulate the material remanence, degaussing reconstructs the magnetic balance with the geomagnetic field. However, previous research studies mainly focused on the optimization of material degaussing, with few considering the practical application scenarios of MSS. In this work, a numerical modeling method is proposed to realistically depict the balancing process, and the mapping relationship between the internal magnetic field of the MSS and the degaussing current is established. First, the magnetic field source analysis is carried out, and the internal magnetic field fluctuations of the MSS during degaussing are decomposed into multi-harmonic components. Then, the phase and amplitude changes of the hysteresis loop are simulated to predict the residual field. Thereafter, the effectiveness of the method is verified by a magnetic shielding cylinder. The experimental results indicate that the slight difference in material remanence has a negligible effect on the residual field. This work has potential application value in the research of degaussing technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A wearable microgrid that centralizes and distributes harvested energy across different body regions can optimize power utilization and reduce overall battery weight. This setup underscores the importance of developing cable-free wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for mobile and portable devices to eliminate the risks posed by wired connections, especially in dynamic and hazardous environments. We introduce a thin, stretchable, and safe hand band capable of watt-level wireless charging through the widely adopted Qi protocol operating at 130 kHz. The implementation of non-adhesive fabric encapsulation serves to protect the 50-μm-thin spiral copper antenna from mechanical strain, ensuring an overall hand band stretchability of 50%. We also create a stretchable "Ferrofabric", characterized by a magnetic permeability of 11.3 and a tensile modulus of 75.3 kPa, that provides magnetic shielding for the antenna without compromising wearability. The "Ferrofabric" improves the coil inductance but induces core loss in AC application. By fully understanding and managing loss mechanisms such as the skin effect, proximity effect, core loss, and joule heating, we achieve a wireless charging efficiency of 71% and power delivery of 3.81 W in the kHz frequency range. Our WPT hand band is unobstructive to hand motion and can charge a handheld smartphone as fast as a desktop charger or power a battery-free chest-laminated e-tattoo sensor, with well-managed thermal and electromagnetic safety. Through a holistic electromagnetic, structural, and thermal design, our device culminates in a safe, rugged, and versatile solution for wearable WPT systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study experimentally analyzed the impact of air gaps between a magnetic sheet and a test board with a microstrip line, which is used to measure the near-field magnetic shielding effectiveness (NSE) of magnetic sheets made of metallic powder. To conduct the measurements, a material fixture equipped with a microstrip line to generate the near magnetic field, a rectangular loop probe, and an automatic probe positioning system capable of moving the loop probe along three axes were designed and fabricated. In addition, to systematically vary the thickness of the gaps, three paper spacers with a thickness of 0.11 mm per paper were used, and a 1.0 mm thick acrylic sheet, along with a specially designed material fixture, was used to press down the magnetic sheets during measurement. The magnetic shielding properties were measured and compared under various air gap conditions using a near-field magnetic loop probe. The effect of the gaps on the shielding performance of the magnetic sheets was quantitatively evaluated for three different magnetic sheets. The experimental results showed that as the gap thickness increased, NSE tended to improve up to a frequency around 1 GHz, while in the higher frequency range of a few GHz, NSE tended to decrease. The physical background of this phenomenon was explained using an equivalent magnetic circuit represented by reluctances for the structure, where the magnetic sheet is placed above the microstrip line with an air gap. This model helps to elucidate how the presence of the air gap affects the near-field magnetic shielding performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, to address the low transmission efficiency problem caused by large magnetic leakage and insufficient antideviation performance, an integrated symmetrical coil (ISC) structure is proposed. The ISC structure eliminates the need for an external active shielding coil to counteract the leaked magnetic field, and enhances anti-offset performance by utilizing an integrated coil. Additionally, a deep learning-based method for optimizing the coil structure is employed to determine the optimal parameters. The theoretical simulation is validated using Maxwell software, and based on this, the design and parameters of the ferrite structure are adjusted to improve the magnetic shielding effect and transmission efficiency of the coil. Subsequently, a 2 kW prototype experiment is conducted to validate the findings. Results indicate that when the ISC structure is offset by 200 mm in the X-direction, the research demonstrates that the coupling coefficient fluctuation remains below 5%, achieving a transmission efficiency of up to 96.37%. Furthermore, the magnetic leakage is significantly reduced to below 27 µT at 800 mm on both sides of the door in the X-direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carborazine (B2C2N2H6) and borazine (B3N3H6) are isoelectronic analogues of benzene (C6H6). The aromatic character of borazine have basically reached a consensus after a long period of controversy, but the related properties of carborazine are even rarely reported. In this work, we systematically investigated the geometric structure, charge distribution, frontier molecular orbital characteristics, bonding, electronic delocalization, magnetic shielding effect, and induced ring current of carborazine and borazine, and compared the studied characteristics with those of benzene to determine the aromatic character of the two analogues. The combination of multiple properties shows that although they are isoelectronic, carborazine is evidently aromatic, while borazine only exhibits rather weak aromaticity. The C atom acting as a connecting bridge between B and N atoms in carborazine reduces the electronegativity difference on the molecular backbone and enhances the electronic delocalization over the conjugated path, which is the essence of the distinct disparity of aromaticity between carborazine and borazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Low‐power magnetic coupling resonant wireless power transfer (MCRWPT) systems are less efficient at long transmission distances due to magnetic leakage and losses. For this reason, combining ferrite‐nanocrystalline hybrid shielding and a relay coil, an improved MCRWPT system based on the LCC‐LCC compensation network is designed in this paper. Firstly, the transmission performance of the MCRWPT systems with S‐S and LCC‐LCC compensation networks are compared and analyzed. Secondly, the transfer efficiencies of the MCRWPT system are analyzed when the relay coil is added at different locations, and the transfer efficiencies of the system with single material shielding are compared. Finally, the transmission performance of the MCRWPT system with ferrite‐nanocrystalline hybrid shieling is analyzed using simulation and experiment. Experimental results show that the transfer efficiency of the low‐power MCRWPT system using relay coil and hybrid shielding increases from 40.38% to 69.17% when the input voltage is 40 V and the transmission distance is 250 mm. Compared with the MCRWPT system based on ferrite full shielding, the weight of the MCRWPT system has been reduced by 63.11%. The hybrid shielding method not only improves the transfer efficiency of the MCRWPT system and reduces its spatial magnetic leakage but also has certain cost advantages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

13C and 1H NMR spectra were observed as the function of density in 1,2-13C-enriched ethane and ethylene for the pure gaseous compounds and their binary mixtures with xenon and carbon dioxide gases as the solvents. All the chemical shifts and indirect spin–spin couplings were linearly dependent on the solvent density. The appropriate NMR parameters (σ and nJ) in isolated 13C2H6 and 13C2H4 molecules and the coefficients responsible for the binary molecular interactions were determined and compared with previous similar measurements and selected calculated shielding data. The newly obtained 13C shielding values in the isolated ethane and ethylene molecules suggest visible secondary isotope effects due to the additional carbon-13 atom. All the investigated shielding parameters depend on intermolecular interactions, and the dependence of 13C shielding is much more marked. In contrast, the indirect spin–spin couplings in 13C2H6 and 13C2H4 molecules are almost independent of solvent molecules. Their nJ values determined in liquids over sixty years ago are generally consistent with the same nJ parameters in isolated 13C2H6 and 13C2H4 molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caffeine is an alkaloid with a purine structure and has been well known for centuries due to its presence in popular drinks—tea and coffee. However, the structural and spectroscopic parameters of this compound, as well as its chemical and biological activities, are still not fully known. In this study, for the first time, we report on the measured oxygen-17 NMR spectra of this stimulant. To support the assignment of our experimental NMR data, extensive quantum chemical calculations of NMR parameters, including nuclear magnetic shielding constants and indirect spin–spin coupling constants, were performed. In a theoretical study, using nine efficient density functionals (B3LYP, BLYP, BP86, CAM-B3LYP, LC-BLYP, M06, PBE0, TPSSh, wB97x), and in combination with a large and flexible correlation-consistent aug-cc-pVTZ basis set, the structure and NMR parameters were predicted for a free molecule of caffeine and in chloroform, DMSO and water. A polarized continuum model (PCM) was used to include a solvent effect. As a result, an optimal methodology was developed for predicting reliable NMR data, suitable for studies of known, as well as newly discovered, purines and similar alkaloids. The results of the current work could be used in future basic and applied studies, including NMR identification and intermolecular interactions of caffeine in various raw materials, like plants and food, as well as in the structural and spectroscopic characterization of new compounds with similar structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetoencephalography (MEG) systems are advanced neuroimaging tools used to measure the magnetic fields produced by neuronal activity in the human brain. However, they require significant amounts of liquid helium to keep the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) sensors in a stable superconducting state. Additionally, MEG systems must be installed in a magnetically shielded room to minimize interference from external magnetic fields. We have developed an advanced MEG system that incorporates a superconducting magnetic shield and a zero-boil-off system. This system overcomes the typical limitations of traditional MEG systems, such as the frequent need for liquid helium refills and the spatial constraints imposed by magnetically shielded rooms. To validate the system, we conducted an evaluation using signal source estimation. This involved a phantom with 50 current sources of known location and magnitude under active zero-boil-off conditions. Our evaluations focused on the precision of the magnetic field distribution and the quantification of estimation errors. We achieved a consistent magnetic field distribution that matched the source current, maintaining an estimation error margin within 3.5 mm, regardless of the frequency of the signal source current. These findings affirm the practicality and efficacy of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report direct measurements of the magnetic field screening at the limits of the Meissner phase for two superconducting niobium (Nb) samples. The samples are processed with two different surface treatments that have been developed for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity applications—a "baseline" treatment and an oxygen-doping ("O-doping") treatment. The measurements show: (1) that the screening length is significantly longer in the "O-doping" sample compared to the "baseline" sample; (2) that the screening length near the limits of the Meissner phase increases with applied field; (3) the evolution of the screening profile as the material transitions from the Meissner phase to the mixed phase; and (4) a demonstration of the absence of any screening profile for the highest applied field, indicative of the full flux entering the sample. Measurements are performed utilizing the β -detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β -NMR) technique that allows depth resolved studies of the local magnetic field within the first 100 nm of the surface. The study takes advantage of the β -SRF beamline, a new facility at TRIUMF, Canada, where field levels up to 200 mT are available parallel to the sample surface to replicate radio frequency fields near the Meissner breakdown limits of Nb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging miniaturized optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are becoming one of the most desirable approaches for biomagnetic imaging, especially for OPM with elliptically polarized light, which promises single‐light optical pumping and detection with high sensitivity. However, conventional schemes of this kind require a set of bulk polarization optics and tedious adjustment procedures, which compromise the system's compactness and practicality. In this paper, a novel chip‐scale OPM scheme that leverages the monolithic elliptical meta‐polarizer is presented and experimentally demonstrated. The meta‐polarizer with a side length of 3 mm is laid out on a 2 × 2 cm2 glass wafer. It offers the capability to convert arbitrary incident polarization into the desired elliptical polarization and exhibits a tailorable elliptical dichroism (ED) of ≈0.77 at the wavelength of 795 nm. A 4 × 4 × 4 mm3 vapor cell containing 87Rb and N2 is combined with this elliptical meta‐polarizer to construct a miniaturized OPM. The sensitivity of this sensor reaches approximately 13 fT/Hz1/2 in a four‐layer magnetic shield with a dynamic range near zero magnetic field ≈ ±0.55 nT. By exploiting the advantages of planar integrated optics, reduced footprints and scalability are promised. And this work paves the way for the integration of emerging quantum sensors on a chip. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and 1H NMR chemical shifts of a new structural analogue of endogenous thyronamines, 4-[4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzyl]aniline, have been simulated in the framework of the density functional theory. The molecular geometry of the title compound has been optimized at the B3LYP level of theory using 6-31G(d,p), 6-31+G(d,p), and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets both for the isolated molecule and including solvent effect. The 1H NMR chemical shifts of 4-[4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzyl]aniline have been estimated on the basis of magnetic shielding constants calculated by the GIAO method. In the calculations of both optimal molecular geometry and magnetic shielding constants, nonspecific solvation with dimethyl sulfoxide and methanol was considered in terms of the polarizable continuum model (IEFPCM). Linear correlations have been found between the theoretical and experimental chemical shifts of 4-[4-(2-aminoethoxy)benzyl]aniline in methanol-d4 and DMSO-d6. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thanks to their lightweight, composite materials have become widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries. The design of components made from these materials is carried out by numerical modeling which can sometimes be tedious because of the need to take into account the internal structure of these materials. Obtaining the effective properties of an equivalent homogeneous material to replace the composite in our numerical models makes modeling easier. Classical homogenization approaches are not always suitable to obtain these effective properties. This article deals with an inverse problem that consists in computing the electromagnetic properties from the knowledge of the magnetic shielding effectiveness values. For different composite samples, an artificial neural network method is used to predict the effective conductivities from the magnetic shielding effectiveness measurements. The magnetic shielding effectiveness values computed from the predicted conductivities are close to those obtained from the measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: MR‐integrated proton therapy is under development. It consists of the unique challenge of integrating a proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) beam line nozzle with an magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. The magnetic interaction between these two components is deemed high risk as the MR images can be degraded if there is cross‐talk during beam delivery and image acquisition. Purpose: To create and benchmark a self‐consistent proton PBS nozzle model for empowering the next stages of MR‐integrated proton therapy development, namely exploring and de‐risking complete integrated prototype system designs including magnetic shielding of the PBS nozzle. Materials and Methods: Magnetic field (COMSOL Multiphysics${\text{Multiphysics}}$) and radiation transport (Geant4) models of a proton PBS nozzle located at OncoRay (Dresden, Germany) were developed according to the manufacturers specifications. Geant4 simulations of the PBS process were performed by using magnetic field data generated by the COMSOL Multiphysics${\text{Multiphysics}}$ simulations. In total 315 spots were simulated which consisted of a 40×30cm2$40\times 30\,{\text{cm}}^{2}$ scan pattern with 5 cm spot spacings and for proton energies of 70, 100, 150, 200, and 220 MeV. Analysis of the simulated deflection at the beam isocenter plane was performed to determine the self‐consistency of the model. The magnetic fringe field from a sub selection of 24 of the 315 spot simulations were directly compared with high precision magnetometer measurements. These focused on the maximum scanning setting of ±$\pm$ 20 cm beam deflection as generated from the second scanning magnet in the PBS for a proton beam energy of 220 MeV. Locations along the beam line central axis (CAX) were measured at beam isocenter and downstream of 22, 47, 72, 97, and 122 cm. Horizontal off‐axis positions were measured at 22 cm downstream of isocenter (±$\pm$ 50, ±$\pm$ 100, and ±$\pm$ 150 cm from CAX). Results: The proton PBS simulations had good spatial agreement to the theoretical values in all 315 spots examined at the beam line isocenter plane (0–2.9 mm differences or within 1.5 % of the local spot deflection amount). Careful analysis of the experimental measurements were able to isolate the changes in magnetic fields due solely to the scanning magnet contribution, and showed 1.9 ±$\pm$ 1.2 μT$\bf{\mu} {\text{T}}$–9.4 ±$\pm$ 1.2 μT$\bf{\mu} {\text{T}}$ changes over the range of measurement locations. Direct comparison with the equivalent simulations matched within the measurement apparatus and setup uncertainty in all but one measurement point. Conclusions: For the first time a robust, accurate and self‐consistent model of a proton PBS nozzle assembly has been created and successfully benchmarked for the purposes of advancing MR‐integrated proton therapy research. The model will enable confidence in further simulation based work on fully integrated designs including MRI scanners and PBS nozzle magnetic shielding in order to de‐risk and realize the full potential of MR‐integrated proton therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: The effects of magnetic fields on health and disease have been subject to considerable research interest for the past few decades but still remain relatively poorly understood. Therefore, the identification of molecular and cellular pathways affected is of considerable importance. This study investigated the effects of very low magnetic field (LMF) exposure in a cellular model of prostate cancer (PCa), the second most common cancer diagnosed in men. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid structures released from and taken up by cells and play crucial roles in cell communication and in processes such as cancer spread via their protein and nucleic acid cargoes. Short-term (4 h) LMF exposure significantly altered the release profiles and protein content of EVs from PCa cells to a more pro-cancerous profile. We then investigated changes in several key micro-RNAs, which are regulators of cancer behaviour and indicators of cancer aggressiveness and metastasis. LMF exposure caused significant upregulation of three key oncogenic miRNAs (miR-155, miR-21, and miR-210) and significant downregulation of two key tumour-suppressive miRNAs (miR-126 and miR-200c) in the PCa cells. These changes were also associated with a significant increase in the cancer cells' invasion capability, which is a key indicator of cancer aggressiveness. We further verified the metastatic ability of the cancer cells caused by the LMF exposure by assessing two metastasis-related proteins, matrix metalloproteinases MMP2 and MMP9, which both were significantly increased. We compared these findings with normal prostate cells, which showed fewer changes in response to LMF exposure. Our findings suggest that LMF exposure may promote a more aggressive cancer phenotype by modulating key molecular and cellular pathways, highlighting the potential therapeutic implications of magnetic field modulation in cancer treatment. Prostate cancer is the second most common neoplasia and fifth-leading cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Electromagnetic and magnetic fields have been classified as possible human carcinogens, but current understanding of molecular and cellular pathways involved is very limited. Effects due to extremely low magnetic/hypomagnetic fields (LMF) are furthermore poorly understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial mediators of cellular communication with multifaceted roles in cancer progression, including via transport and uptake of various protein and microRNA (miRNA) EV-cargoes. miRNAs regulate gene expression and are implicated in cancer-related processes such as proliferation, metastasis, and chemoresistance. This study investigated the effects of LMF exposure (20 nT) by magnetic shielding on the prostate cancer cell line PC3 compared to the prostate epithelial cell line PNT2 under short-term (4 h) conditions. We examined EV profiles following a 4 h LMF exposure alongside associated functional enrichment KEGG and GO pathways for the EV proteomes. The 4 h LMF exposure significantly reduced cellular EV release and modified PC3 EV cargoes to a more inflammatory and metastatic profile, with 16 Disease Pathways and 95 Human Phenotypes associated specifically with the LMF-treated PC3 EV proteomes. These included cancerous, metabolic, blood, skin, cardiac and skeletal Disease Pathways, as well as pain and developmental disorders. In the normal PNT2 cells, less EV protein cargo was observed following LMF exposure compared with cells not exposed to LMF, and fewer associated functional enrichment pathways were identified. This pointed to some differences in various cellular functions, ageing, defence responses, oxidative stress, and disease phenotypes, including respiratory, digestive, immune, and developmental pathways. Furthermore, we analysed alterations in matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and miRNAs linked to metastasis, as this is crucial in cancer aggressiveness. The 4 h LMF exposure caused a significant increase in MMP2 and MMP9, as well as in onco-miRs miR-155, miR-210, miR-21, but a significant reduction in tumour-suppressor miRs (miR-200c and miR-126) in the metastatic PC3 cells, compared with normal PNT2 cells. In addition, 4 h LMF exposure significantly induced cellular invasion of PC3 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that changes in magnetic field exposures modulate EV-mediated and miR-regulatory processes in PCa metastasis, providing a basis for exploring novel therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropomyosin kinase receptor B (TrkB) has been explored as a therapeutic target for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the development of TrkB agonists was hindered by our poor understanding of the TrkB agonist binding location and affinity (both affect the regulation of disorder types). This motivated us to develop a combined computational and experimental approach to study TrkB binders. First, we developed a docking method to simulate the binding affinity of TrkB and binders identified by our magnetic drug screening platform from Gotu kola extracts. The Fred Docking scores from the docking computation showed strong agreement with the experimental results. Subsequently, using this screening platform, we identified a list of compounds from the NIH clinical collection library and applied the same docking studies. From the Fred Docking scores, we selected two compounds for TrkB activation tests. Interestingly, the ability of the compounds to increase dendritic arborization in hippocampal neurons matched well with the computational results. Finally, we performed a detailed binding analysis of the top candidates and compared them with the best-characterized TrkB agonist, 7,8-dyhydroxyflavon. The screening platform directly identifies TrkB binders, and the computational approach allows for the quick selection of top candidates with potential biological activities based on the docking scores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the fact that most quantum chemistry basis sets are designed for accurately modeling valence chemistry, these general-purpose basis sets continue to be widely used to model core-dependent properties. Core-specialized basis sets are designed with specific features to accurately represent the behavior of the core region. This design typically incorporates Gaussian primitives with higher exponents to capture core behavior effectively, as well as some decontraction of basis functions to provide flexibility in describing the core electronic wave function. The highest Gaussian exponent and the degree of contraction for both s- and p-basis functions effectively characterize these design aspects. In this study, we compare the design and performance of general-purpose basis sets against several literature-based basis sets specifically designed for three core-dependent properties: J coupling constants, hyperfine coupling constants, and magnetic shielding constants (used for calculating chemical shifts). Our findings consistently demonstrate a significant reduction in error when employing core-specialized basis sets, often at a marginal increase in computational cost compared to the popular 6-31G** basis set. Notably, for expedient calculations of J coupling, hyperfine coupling, and magnetic shielding constants, we recommend the use of the pcJ-1, EPR-II, and pcSseg-1 basis sets, respectively. For higher accuracy, the pcJ-2, EPR-III, and pcSseg-2 basis sets are recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of wireless power transmission (WPT) for electric vehicles, the challenge of magnetic shielding technology is particularly prominent. Achieving effective magnetic shielding often comes at the cost of transmission efficiency, creating a significant technical bottleneck. As a result, research into improving transmission efficiency while minimizing magnetic leakage has become a primary focus in the industry. This is seen as critical for driving the sustainable development of the electric vehicle sector. In response to this challenge, this paper presents the construction of an active magnetic shield using an isotropic coil configuration, which not only optimizes system efficiency but also significantly reduces magnetic leakage in WPT systems. The paper begins by introducing the concept of an active magnetically shielded isotropic coil structure for wireless power transmission. Next, it details the design methodology and operational principles of the structure, followed by the derivation of the mathematical model and equivalent circuit. The effectiveness of the magnetic shielding mechanism is examined from a theoretical standpoint, and the influence of coil parameters on both shielding performance and transmission efficiency is analyzed. Finally, based on the optimized coil parameters, the design of the wireless charging system incorporating the magnetic shielding structure is completed. This includes relevant theoretical calculations, simulation analyses, and experimental validation to confirm the feasibility of the design. The results demonstrate that the active magnetically shielded isotropic coil significantly reduces magnetic leakage, lowering it by approximately 95.68% compared to traditional coils, while achieving a transmission efficiency of 95.68% in experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanical properties, specifically ductility, of high performing soft magnets such as Fe-Co alloys are a limiting factor to their broader use in a number of systems. The understanding of the mechanical robustness in these materials is currently insufficient to be able to support the growing interest in applications such as magnetic shielding or electric motors. Fe-Co alloys provide the highest commercially available magnetic saturation and high magnetic permeability but have very poor ductility. The addition of vanadium to these alloys has allowed for significant commercialization and some ductility improvements, but the fundamental reasons for the observed improvements are not well understood. In most published work on mechanical properties in these alloys, the precise chemistry of the alloys investigated, often a critical aspect of intermetallics, is not reported or controlled and thermal history is unclear. This work creates a ductility model that is sensitive to changes in chemistry and can predict relative strain to failure as well as brittle fracture mode for intermetallics and is applied to Fe-Co alloys. Through the application of density functional theory (DFT), this model identifies defect stabilities, anti-phase boundary (APB) energies, the energy necessary to cross-slip, and cleavage energies and combines them through energetic competition to determine a relative failure strain. The model correctly predicts ductility improvements with the addition of vanadium as well as the transition from intergranular to transgranular cleavage, though more precise experiments are necessary to appropriately validate the various improvements observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed and implemented a method-independent, fully numerical, finite difference approach to calculating nuclear magnetic resonance shieldings, using gauge-including atomic orbitals. The resulting capability can be used to explore non-standard methods, given only the energy as a function of finite-applied magnetic fields and nuclear spins. For example, standard second-order Møller-Plesset theory (MP2) has well-known efficacy for 1H and 13C shieldings and known limitations for other nuclei such as 15N and 17O. It is, therefore, interesting to seek methods that offer good accuracy for 15N and 17O shieldings without greatly increased compute costs, as well as exploring whether such methods can further improve 1H and 13C shieldings. Using a small molecule test set of 28 species, we assessed two alternatives: κ regularized MP2 (κ-MP2), which provides energy-dependent damping of large amplitudes, and MP2.X, which includes a variable fraction, X, of third-order correlation (MP3). The aug-cc-pVTZ basis was used, and coupled cluster with singles and doubles and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] results were taken as reference values. Our κ-MP2 results reveal significant improvements over MP2 for 13C and 15N, with the optimal κ value being element-specific. κ-MP2 with κ = 2 offers a 30% rms error reduction over MP2. For 15N, κ-MP2 with κ = 1.1 provides a 90% error reduction vs MP2 and a 60% error reduction vs CCSD. On the other hand, MP2.X with a scaling factor of 0.6 outperformed CCSD for all heavy nuclei. These results can be understood as providing renormalization of doubles amplitudes to partially account for neglected triple and higher substitutions and offer promising opportunities for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decades of research have shown that magnetocardiography (MCG) has the potential to improve cardiac care decisions. However, sensor and system limitations have prevented its widespread adoption in clinical practice. We report an MCG system built around an array of scalar, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) that effectively rejects ambient magnetic interference without magnetic shielding. We successfully used this system, in conjunction with custom hardware and noise rejection algorithms, to record magneto-cardiograms and functional magnetic field maps from 30 volunteers in a regular downtown office environment. This demonstrates the technical feasibility of deploying our device architecture at the point-of-care, a key step in making MCG usable in real-world settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) is a rare autosomal-dominant disorder caused by a heterozygous germline mutation in the fumarate hydratase (FH) gene. HLRCC is clinically characterized by the development of three tumors: uterine leiomyomata, cutaneous leiomyomata, and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HLRCC-associated RCC is aggressive and diagnosed at a much earlier age than sporadic RCC. It is essential for carriers of HLRCC to undergo annual renal screening by magnetic resonance imaging to detect early stage RCCs. Metastatic HLRCC-associated RCC must be treated by systemic therapy; however, it is unclear which medicines are most effective in treating this cancer owing to its low incidence rate. Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combinations or ICIs plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors are administered as systemic therapy for clear cell RCC. Here, we report a patient with HLRCC-associated RCC treated with sequential therapy, including ipilimumab plus nivolumab combination and cabozantinib, after diagnosis of HLRCC-associated RCC using FoundationOne Liquid CDx and single-site analysis. We also investigated familial FH mutations and describe a new family pedigree for HLRCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulsed optically pumped (POP) atomic clock has demonstrated unexpected performance in terms of frequency stability and drift. However, it remains a huge challenge to make this type of atomic clock more compact. Herein, we report the design of a miniaturized physics package, which is equipped with a magnetron microwave cavity holding a vapor cell of 1.3 cm internal diameter. The Zeeman transition spectrum reveals that the microwave cavity resonates in TE011-like mode. Based on a low-noise testbed, we also quantitatively analyze the relaxation time, linewidth, and noise sources of the resulting POP atomic clock. The population and coherence relaxation time are measured to be 3.16(0.16) and 2.97(0.03) ms under the temperature of 333 K, which are compatible well with the theoretical calculation. The Ramsey signal shows a contrast of 35% and a linewidth of 192 Hz. The total volume of the physics package is about 44 cm3, including a layer of magnetic shielding. The short-term frequency stability is measured to be 4.8 × 10−13τ−1/2 (where τ is the averaging time), which is mainly limited by the relative intensity noise of the laser system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The active magnetic compensation coil is of great significance for extensive applications, such as fundamental physics, aerospace engineering, national defense industry, and biological science. The magnetic shielding demand is increasing over past few decades, and better performances of the coil are required. To maintain normal operating conditions for some sensors, active magnetic compensation coils are often used to implement near-zero field environments. Many coil design methods have been developed to design the active compensation coil for different fields. It is opportune to review the development and challenges associated with active magnetic compensation coils. Active magnetic compensation coils are reviewed in this paper in terms of design methods, technology, and applications. Furthermore, the operational principle and typical structures of the coil are elucidated. The developments of the forward design method, inverse design method, and optimization algorithm are presented. Principles of various design methods and their respective advantages and disadvantages are described in detail. Finally, critical challenges in the active magnetic compensation coil techniques and potential research directions have been highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the key components of synchrotron injection and extraction system, the perturbation of the beam generated by the septum magnet in the non-deflection direction will directly affect the orbit matching of the injected and extracted beam. Reducing the leakage field during the development of the septum magnet is a crucial one. Based on the theory of electromagnetic field, the leakage field analysis of septum magnet was carried out by using the electromagnetic field analysis software-Opera. In order to reduce the leakage field, the variation of the leakage field with different shielding structures were analyzed, and the shielding structure was optimized by using the parametric scanning finite element numerical calculation optimization method. Eventually, a leakage field shielding structure with multilayer metal plate combination was proposed, which significantly reduced the leakage field of the septum magnet. Furthermorethe magnetic field and leakage field were measured by using the Hall probe, and the measurement results are in good agreement with the numerical simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report high throughput computational screening for magnetic ground state order in 2D materials. The workflow is based on spin spiral calculations and yields the magnetic order in terms of a two-dimensional ordering vector Q. We then include spin-orbit coupling to extract the easy and hard axes for collinear structures and the orientation of spiral planes in non-collinear structures. Finally, for all predicted ferromagnets we compute the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions and determine whether or not these are strong enough to overcome the magnetic anisotropy and stabilise a chiral spin spiral ground state. We find 58 ferromagnets, 21 collinear anti-ferromagnets, and 85 non-collinear ground states of which 15 are chiral spin spirals driven by Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions. The results show that non-collinear order is in fact as common as collinear order in these materials and emphasise the need for detailed investigation of the magnetic ground state when reporting magnetic properties of new materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization moments play a crucial role in measuring magnetic fields for nonlinear magneto‐optical rotation (NMOR) atomic magnetometers. However, it is challenging to distinguish between each polarization moment and evaluate its effect on the magnetic resonance response signal in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas. To address this issue, a method is proposed to identify different polarization moments through the frequency shift of the magnetic resonance response signal. The proportion of each polarization moment is determined, and it is demonstrated that the magnetic resonance response signal is affected by the hexadecapole moment, resulting in a frequency shift and a decrease in signal amplitude. To mitigate this effect, an approach is investigated to manipulate the polarization moments by flipping the phase of the pump light. Ultimately, a 15.19% increase in response amplitude is achieved in the simulated geomagnetic environment within the magnetic shield barrel. The theory and method presented here provide strong support for the study of the polarization moments in an alkali vapor cell with buffer gas, which potentially enhance the performance of NMOR atomic magnetometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cobalt bismuth nano-ferrite (Co/Bi) with the chemical formula CoBi0.02Fe1.98O4 was produced using a simple flash auto-combustion method at three different temperatures: as-prepared, 600°C, and 800°C. A single-phase spinel structure was confirmed using X-ray diffraction, and the nano-scale morphology was examined using AFM (atomic force microscopy). Magnetic measurements demonstrated that increasing the annealing temperature increased the saturation magnetization Ms by 1.3 times. However, the coercivity Hc changed from semi-hard ferrite (as-prepared sample) to soft ferrite (Co/Bi nano-ferrite at 800°C) and reduced 10.7 times that of as-prepared nanoparticles. Therefore, the 800°C Co/Bi nano-ferrite with a low coercive field is recommended for transformers, recording heads, inductor cores, magnetic shielding, and microwave devices. The as-prepared sample and that at 600°C displayed super-high microwave frequency (SHF) in the X band in high-frequency applications calculated from magnetic measurement. The 800°C sample also has an extremely high microwave frequency in the Ku band, which is utilized in radar and satellite communications. Antimicrobial characterization showed that raising the annealing temperature increased the effectiveness of the samples against tested microorganisms. Thus, the samples under investigation are highly suggested for ultra-high microwave frequency applications and biological antibacterial nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context. About 25–50% of white dwarfs are found to be contaminated by heavy elements, which are believed to originate from external sources such as planetary materials. Elemental abundances suggest that most of the pollutants are rocky objects and only a small fraction of white dwarfs bear traces of volatile accretion. Aims. In order to account for the scarcity of volatile pollution, we investigate the role of the white dwarfs' magnetospheres in shielding the volatile content of icy objects. Methods. We estimated the volatile sublimation of inward drifting exocomets. We assume the orbits of the exocomets are circularized by the Alfvén wing drag that is effective for long-period comets. Results. Volatile material can sublimate outside the corotation radius and be shielded by the magnetic field. The two conditions for this volatile-shielded mechanism are that the magnetosphere radius must be larger than the corotation radius and that the volatiles are depleted outside the corotation radius, which requires a sufficiently slow orbital circularization process. We applied our model to nine white dwarfs with known rotational periods, magnetic fields, and atmosphere compositions. Our volatile-shielded model may explain the excess of volatile elements such as C and S in the disk relative to the white dwarf atmosphere in WD2326+049 (G29-38). Nevertheless, given the sensitivity of our model to the circularization process and material properties of icy objects, there remains considerable uncertainty in our results. Conclusions. We emphasize the importance of white dwarfs' magnetic fields in preventing the accretion of volatile gas onto them. Our work suggests a possible explanation for the scarcity of volatile-accretion signatures among white dwarfs. We also identify a correlation between the magnetic field strength, the spin period, and the composition of pollutants in white dwarf atmospheres. However, given the uncertainties in our model, more observations are necessary to establish more precise constraints on the relevant parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: After initial COVID-19, immune dysregulation may persist and drive post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). We described longitudinal trajectories of cytokines in adults up to 6 months following SARS-CoV-2 infection and explored early predictors of PASC. Methods: RECoVERED is a prospective cohort of individuals with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between May 2020 and June 2021 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Serum was collected at weeks 4, 12 and 24 of follow-up. Monthly symptom questionnaires were completed from month 2 after COVID-19 onset onwards; lung diffusion capacity (DLCO) was tested at 6 months. Cytokine concentrations were analysed by human magnetic Luminex screening assay. We used a linear mixed-effects model to study log-concentrations of cytokines over time, assessing their association with socio-demographic and clinical characteristics that were included in the model as fixed effects. Results: 186/349 (53%) participants had ≥2 serum samples and were included in current analyses. Of these, 101/186 (54%: 45/101[45%] female, median age 55 years [IQR = 45–64]) reported PASC at 12 and 24 weeks after COVID-19 onset. We included 37 reference samples (17/37[46%] female, median age 49 years [IQR = 40–56]). In a multivariate model, PASC was associated with raised CRP and abnormal diffusion capacity with raised IL10, IL17, IL6, IP10 and TNFα at 24 weeks. Early (0–4 week) IL-1β and BMI at COVID-19 onset were predictive of PASC at 24 weeks. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that immune dysregulation plays an important role in PASC pathogenesis, especially among individuals with reduced pulmonary function. Early IL-1β shows promise as a predictor of PASC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ligand fishing method for the screening of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba leaf was established for the first time using α‐glucosidase immobilized on the magnetic metal‐organic framework. The immobilized α‐glucosidase exhibited enhanced resistance to temperature and pH, as well as good thermal stability and reusability. Two ligands, namely quercitrin and quercetin, were screened from Ginkgo biloba leaf and identified by ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry. The half‐maximal inhibitory concentration values for quercitrin and quercetin were determined to be 105.69 ± 0.39 and 83.49 ± 0.79 µM, respectively. Molecular docking further confirmed the strong inhibitory effect of these two ligands. The proposed approach in this study demonstrates exceptional efficiency in the screening of α‐glucosidase inhibitors from complex natural medicinal plants, thus exhibiting significant potential for the discovery of antidiabetic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A key aim of the HighNESS project for the European Spallation Source is to enable cutting-edge particle physics experiments. This volume presents a conceptual design report for the NNBAR experiment. NNBAR would exploit a new cold lower moderator to make the first search in over thirty years for free neutrons converting to anti-neutrons. The observation of such a baryon-number-violating signature would be of fundamental significance and tackle open questions in modern physics, including the origin of the matter-antimatter asymmetry. This report shows the design of the beamline, supermirror focusing system, magnetic and radiation shielding, and anti-neutron detector necessary for the experiment. A range of simulation programs are employed to quantify the performance of the experiment and show how background can be suppressed. For a search with full background suppression, a sensitivity improvement of three orders of magnitude is expected, as compared with the previous search. Civil engineering studies for the NNBAR beamline are also shown, as is a costing model for the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Superconducting transition-edge sensors (TESs) used in X-ray and γ -ray microcalorimeters suffer degraded performance if cooled in a magnetic field B sufficient to trap flux in the sensors. We report measurements of γ -ray TESs before and after implementing measures to reduce stray B fields from sources inside and outside the cryostat. These measurements showed a correlation between anomalous features in TES current–voltage (IV) curves and degraded energy resolution. After reducing internal sources of stray B field and improving shielding against external sources, both IV curves and energy resolution improved. Finally, we placed magnetized screws with remnant fields ∼ 10 μ T near similar γ -ray TESs in a different type of detector package and observed the same effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffuse X-ray Explorer is a proposed X-ray spectroscopic survey experiment for the China Space Station. Its detector assembly contains the transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter and readout electronics based on the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) on the cold stage. The cold stage is thermally connected to the ADR stage, and a Kevlar suspension is used to stabilize and isolate it from the 4 K environment. TES and SQUID are both sensitive to the magnetic field, so a hybrid shielding structure consisting of an outer Cryoperm shield and an inner niobium shield is used to attenuate the magnetic field. In addition, IR/optical/UV photons can produce shot noise and thus degrade the energy resolution of the TES microcalorimeter. A blocking filter assembly is designed to minimize the effects. In it, five filters are mounted at different temperature stages, reducing the probability of IR/optical/UV photons reaching the detector through multiple reflections between filters and absorption. This paper will describe the preliminary design of the detector assembly and its optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study derives the Hartree-Fock equations for multi-electron systems by solving the Hartree-Fock equations via algebraic approximation, or Hartree-Fock-Ruthan (H-F-R), utilizing the electron density functions (r1, r2). a method using Slater-type atomic orbitals to determine the relationship between the orbitals and the examined atomic properties of the determined atomic numbers. The radial density distribution function D(r1) for one electron, and the anticipated values of one-particle 〈r_1^n 〈 for two-electrons in orbital (2S2) are the features examined in this investigation. Also, the selected atoms have atomic numbers between 4 and 15. The outcome demonstrated that as the atomic number (Z) climbed, so did the maximum values of D (r1) and the expected value. Additionally, the nuclear magnetic shielding constant [ (σ] _d) increased as Z increased, the equations have been programmed in Mathematics 2001i and all calculations have been calculated in atomic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. Development of the method for designing electromagnetic hybrid active-passive shield, consisting from active and multy-circuit passive parts, which is characterized by increased effectiveness of reducing the industrial frequency magnetic field created by twocircuit overhead power lines in residential buildings. Methodology. The designing problem of electromagnetic hybrid active-passive shield including robust system of active shielding and multy-circuit passive shield of initial magnetic field comes down to a solution of the multy-criteria two-player zero-sum antagonistic game. The game payoff vector calculated based on the finite element calculations system COMSOL Muliphysics. The game solution calculated based on the particles multyswarm optimization algorithms. Results. During the design of the electromagnetic hybrid active-passive shield the coordinates of the spatial arrangement of 11 circuits passive shield and the coordinates of the spatial location of one compensation winding, as well as the current and phase in this winding of the active shielding system are calculated. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of hybrid active and multy-circuit passive shield by magnetic field in residential building from two-circuit power transmission line with a «Barrel» type arrangement of wires presented. Originality. For the first time the method for designing hybrid active and multycircuit passive shield, consisting from active and multy-circuit passive parts, which is characterized by increased effectiveness of reducing the magnetic field of industrial frequency created by two-circuit overhead power lines in residential buildings is developed. Practical value. Based on results of calculated study the shielding efficiency of the initial magnetic field what is confirmed by experimental studies determined that shielding factors whith only multy-circuit passive shield is more 1.2 units, whith only active shield is more 4 units and with electromagnetic hybrid active-passive shield is more 6.2 units. It is shown the possibility to reduce the level of magnetic field induction in residential building from two-circuit power transmission line with a «Barrel» type arrangement of wires by means of electromagnetic hybrid active shielding with single compensating winding and multy-circuit passive shielding with 11 circuit passive shield to 0.5 μT level safe for the population. References 51, figures 17. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the wireless power transfer (WPT) system of electric vehicles, reducing magnetic leakage and minimizing the use of magnetic shielding materials while maintaining transmission efficiency are difficult problems. To this end, a single-hole compensated passive magnetic shielding structure is proposed in this paper, with the system’s magnetic leakage reduced and transmission efficiency improved through metal shielding and passive shielding. First, the magnetic shielding principles and design concepts of the magnetic core, aluminum plate, and passive shielding coils are analyzed. The single-hole compensated passive magnetic shielding structure is proposed, and then a mathematical model of the structure is derived. Second, an optimization method is proposed, using Matlab and Ansys Maxwell software to reduce the volume of metallic materials while keeping magnetic leakage within a safe range. Finally, a WPT device based on the proposed structure is constructed according to the optimized magnetic shielding and coil parameters, and the effectiveness of the structure is validated through simulation and experimentation. The results demonstrate that when the system output power is 4 kW, leakage is reduced by 62.7% compared to the single-hole unshielded coil structure using the same materials with the proposed structure. Compared to the all-aluminum plate and all-magnetic core structure, not only is leakage reduced by 1.2%, but there is also a reduction of 40.4% in magnetic core usage and 30.1% in aluminum plate usage. Moreover, the transmission efficiency reaches 93.49%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the design of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems for electric vehicles, minimizing magnetic leakage while maintaining high transmission efficiency is a challenging problem. To this end, a novel structure featuring dual transmitting coils and a ring-series magnetic shielding coil (RMSDT) is proposed to reduce magnetic leakage during system charging, thereby enhancing system safety performance. Additionally, the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed to optimize system parameters, aiming to achieve high transmission efficiency while maintaining low magnetic leakage. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed design, a shielded WPT system for electric vehicles has been developed. Its performance is verified through a combination of experiments and simulations. The results demonstrate that the PSO algorithm significantly enhances transmission efficiency compared to traditional optimization methods. At an output power of 3.7 kW, the peak transmission efficiency exceeds 95%, representing an improvement of 4.63% compared to the conventional for-loop algorithm. Furthermore, the leakage magnetic field of the RMSDT structure in the target region is only 16.08 µT, which is effectively reduced by 41.8% compared to the conventional WPT structure and sacrifices only 0.21% transmission efficiency. In summary, this paper can provide some references to the safety and efficiency of electric vehicle WPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hazardous environment of space, dominated by cosmic and solar radiation, poses a significant threat to spacecraft and their occupants. Traditional radiation shielding methods, like passive materials, have limitations in weight and effectiveness. An artificial magnetic field generator system emerges as a promising solution to replicate Earth's magnetosphere, providing a protective magnetic shield against harmful radiation. (Dick, Launius, 2007) This paper presents a Model‐Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) approach to the holistic modeling and design of such a system. Utilizing the MBSE approach, this study models the system's components, their interactions, and the offered services, incorporating Radiation Monitoring, Magnetic Shielding, Power Management, System Health & Diagnostics, and Crew Communication services. The conceptual data model captures key entities and their relationships, ensuring a coherent integration of the system's parts. The activity diagram illustrates the operational flow, providing clarity on the system's dynamic behavior under varying radiation conditions and power reserves. A services taxonomy is developed to hierarchically categorize and ensure the comprehensive functionality of the system. The application of MBSE methodology provides numerous advantages, including a unified visualization of the system's complexities, enhanced stakeholder communication, and a streamlined validation and verification process. Furthermore, the flexibility inherent in the MBSE approach ensures that the system can be easily updated or scaled based on advancements in technology or changing mission requirements. (ECLIPSE Suite, 2022) The MBSE approach's application to the design of an artificial magnetic field generator system for spacecraft presents a robust and systematic method to ensure optimal performance, safety, and adaptability in the perilous realm of space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetoelectric (ME) sensors are widely studied and well suited for current condition monitoring in smart grids due to their high sensitivity, low power consumption, and compact size. However, designing ME sensors that simultaneously achieve low magnetic noise and a large linear range remains challenging. In this work, we propose and systematically study a multilayered magnetoelectric sensor (MLMS). We experimentally demonstrate that the voltage noise is effectively suppressed by connecting the piezoelectric elements of the MLMS in series. Additionally, the magnetic flux concentration effect is weakened by magnetic shielding from the outer Metglas laminates, which increases the optimized bias field to 52 Oe for the MLMS. Consequently, an equivalent magnetic noise as low as 16.7 pT/rtHz at 1 Hz is obtained and an enlarged linear range from 20 pT to 2 mT is achieved. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the proposed MLMS could linearly detect a wide range of power currents from 0.1 mA to 400 A, with nonlinear error and current resolution as low as 0.05% and 0.1 mA, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preclinical disease models are important for the advancement of therapeutics towards human clinical trials. One of the difficult tasks of developing a well-characterized model is having a reliable modality with which to trend the progression of disease. Acute rejection is one of the most devastating complications that can occur following organ transplantation. Specifically in cardiac transplantation, approximately 12% of patients will experience at least one episode of moderate or severe acute rejection in the first year. Currently, the gold standard for monitoring rejection in the clinical setting is to perform serial endomyocardial biopsies for direct histological assessment. However, this is difficult to reproduce in a porcine model of acute rejection in cardiac transplantation where the heart is heterotopically transplanted in an abdominal position. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging is arising as an alternative for serial screening for acute rejection in cardiac transplantation. This is an exploratory study to create and define a standardized cardiac magnetic resonance screening protocol for characterizing changes associated with the presence of acute rejection in this preclinical model of disease. Results demonstrate that increases in T1 mapping, T2 mapping, left ventricular mass, and in late gadolinium enhancement are significantly correlated with presence of acute rejection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Our aim was to determine prevalence and type of neuro-radiological lesions detected on screening Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain in patients presenting with progressive sensorineural hearing loss in otorhinolaryngology clinic. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 96 screening magnetic resonance imaging MRI brain scans of patients who presented with progressive sensorineural hearing loss in department of otorhinolaryngology. The clinical and radiological data was collected and analysed. Results: Out of 96 screening MRI brain, 19 (19.8%) had positive findings. The commonest imaging finding was presence of vascular loop around facial and vestibulocochlear nerve root complex in 9 cases (9.4%) followed by presence of a cerebellopontine angle lesions in 5 cases (5.2%). The mean age of all patients was 48.5 years and those with positive screening MRI was 40.6 years. A gender gap was noticed with female being 22 (22.9%) in number against 74 (77.1%) males. Conclusion: This is the first retrospective study to determine prevalence and type of neuro-radiological lesions detected on screening magnetic resonance imaging in patients with progressive sensorineural hearing loss. We recommend screening MRI brain in patients with progressive SNHL aged below 60 years and all the described neuroradiological finding provide differential diagnosis. Definition and classification of progressive sensorineural hearing loss should be formulated to standardize the management. Further multi-institutional studies are required to identify social, occupational, genetic, or other factors that can cause gender disparity in patients with progressive SNHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of nuclear magnetic shielding in diamagnetic molecules is discussed, pointing out various contributions to the shielding from electrons and the effects of intra- and intermolecular interactions. In NMR practice, chemical shifts are determined first as the measure of shielding in observed samples. The descriptions of shielding and chemical shifts are not fully consistent. Gas phase studies permit the withdrawal of intermolecular contributions from shielding and obtaining the magnetic shielding data in isolated molecules. The shielding determination in molecules is possible using at least three methods delivering the reference shielding standards for selected nuclei. The known shielding of one magnetic nucleus can be transferred to other nuclei if the appropriate nuclear magnetic moments are available with satisfactory accuracy. It is possible to determine the nuclear magnetic dipole moments using the most advanced ab initio shielding calculations jointly with the NMR frequencies measurements for small-sized isolated molecules. Helium-3 gas is postulated as all the molecules' primary and universal reference standard of shielding. It can be easily applied using common deuterium lock solvents as the secondary reference standards. The measurements of absolute shielding are available for everyone with the use of standard NMR spectrometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is an author correction to a previous article published in Nature Communications titled "Magnetic field screening in hydride superconductors." The correction challenges the claims made in the original article regarding the evidence for superconductivity in sulfur hydride and lanthanum hydride. The correction argues that the data presented in the original article were obtained through nonlinear transformations, rendering the conclusions invalid. The author calls for the release of the measured data to establish a clear relation between the published data and the actual measurements. Further discussion and implications of the magnetization data are provided in additional references. [Extracted from the article]

We propose a new hybrid approach combining quantum chemistry and statistical mechanics of liquids for calculating the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of solvated molecules. Based on the reference interaction site model self-consistent field with constrained spatial electron density distribution (RISM–SCF–cSED) method, the electronic structure of molecules in solution is obtained, and the expression for the nuclear magnetic shielding tensor is derived as the second-order derivative of the Helmholtz energy of the solution system. We implemented a method for calculating chemical shifts and applied it to an adenine molecule in water, where hydrogen bonding plays a crucial role in electronic and solvation structures. We also performed the calculations of 17O chemical shifts, which showed remarkable solvent dependence. While converged results could not be sometimes obtained using the conventional method, in the present framework with RISM–SCF–cSED, an adequate representation of electron density is guaranteed, making it possible to obtain an NMR shielding constant stably. This introduction of cSED is key to extending the method's applicability to obtain the chemical shift of various chemical species. The present demonstration illustrates our approach's superiority in terms of numerical robustness and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present the theory and implementation of nuclear magnetic resonance shielding constants with gauge-including atomic orbitals for the hybrid multiconfigurational short-range density functional theory model. As a special case, this implementation also includes Hartree–Fock srDFT (HF-srDFT). Choosing a complete-active space (CAS) wave function as the multiconfigurational parameterization of the wave function, we investigate how well CAS-srDFT reproduces experimental trends of nuclear shielding constants compared to DFT and complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF). Calculations on the nucleobases adenine and thymine show that CAS-srDFT performs on average the best of the tested methods, much better than CASSCF but only marginally better than HF-srDFT. The performance, compared to regular DFT, is similar when functionals containing exact exchange are used. We generally find that the inclusion of exact exchange is important for an accurate description of the shielding constants. In cases where no exact exchange is included, we observe that the HF- and CAS-srDFT often outperform regular DFT. For calculations on transition metal nuclei in organometallic compounds with significant static correlation, the CAS-srDFT method again outperforms CASSCF compared to experimental shielding constants, and the change from HF-srDFT is substantial. In conclusion, the static correlation posed by the metal complexes seems to be captured by CAS-srDFT, which is promising since this type of correlation is not well described by regular DFT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) are building a new High Field Vertical Magnet Test Facility (HFVMTF) for testing superconducting cables in high magnetic field. The background magnetic field of 15 T in the HFVMTF will be produced by a magnet provided by LBNL. The HFVMTF is jointly funded by the US DOE Offices of Science, High Energy Physics (HEP), and Fusion Energy Sciences (FES), and will serve as a superconducting cable test facility in high magnetic fields and a wide range of temperatures for HEP and FES communities. This facility will also be used to test high-field superconducting magnet models and demonstrators, including hybrid magnets, produced by the US Magnet Development Program (MDP). The paper describes the status of the facility, including construction, cryostat designs, top and lambda plates, and systems for powering, and quench protection and monitoring.