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Introduction: The method of encapsulating the drug molecule in a carrier, such as a magnetic nanoparticle, is a promising development that has the potential to deliver the medicine to the site where it is intended to be administered. Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone obtained from the leaves, stems, and fruits of various plantsmainly from the Moraceae family exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and free radical scavenging and helps treat diseases such as diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer. Methods: In this study, we conducted the synthesis of a nanocomposite with magnetic properties by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained from okra plant leaves with magnetic nanoparticles. Results: Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (Colorectal), MCF-7 (breast), U373 (brain), T98-G (Glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells healthy cell line. Discussion: We studied the loading and release behavior of morin hydrate in the activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite. Activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite carriers can show promising results for the delivery of Morin hydrate drugs to the targeted site. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes a new type of core–shell pattern Fe3O4 nanoparticle (Au/CS-agar@Fe3O4) that was developed using Au NPs and chitosan-agarose composite. Our goal in catalytic exploration was to synthesize 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles via click synthesis using aryl halides. By this method, using K4[Fe(CN)6] as a nontoxic CN resource, we treated a variety of aryl halides (Cl, Br, and I) using the highly effective and reusable Au/CS-agar@Fe3O4 catalyst, catalyzing the [3 + 2]-cycloaddition of the corresponding aryl nitriles with NaN3 to the successive one-pot solvent-free preparation at 120 °C of 5-substituted-1H-tetrazoles. The various substrates provided a yield in the range of 70–96% after the reaction of 12 h. The catalyst's robustness was supported by tests for leaching, hot filtration, and catalyst reusability nine times in a row. In the medicinal part, the anticancer properties of Au/CS-agar@Fe3O4 nanocomposite against lung cancer cell lines were determined. In vitro experiments, after 3–4 passages, the cancer cells (NCI-H1563, NCI-H1573, NCI-H1975, and NCI-H661) and normal cell (HUVEC) were prepared in terms of morphology and number. After segregating the cells from the flask surface by trypsin–EDTA, cell viability was assessed and counted, and 3 × 103 cells were cultured with or without nanoparticles in 96 wells. IC50 of Au/CS-agar@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was 160, 173, 142, and 212 on NCI-H1563, NCI-H1573, NCI-H1975, and NCI-H661 cancer cells. In this study, the highest antioxidant efficacy on DPPH was reported approximately 100% at 1000 μg/ml. The antioxidant IC50 of Au/CS-agar@Fe3O4 nanocomposite was 254 µg/mL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the design, synthesis and catalytic application of a magnetic covalent organic framework modified with sulfonic acid (Fe3O4@COF-SO3H) in the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives, were studied. The structure of the prepared catalyst was confirmed by various techniques including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, field emission scanning electron microscopy, vibrating-sample magnetometer and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller porosimetry. The structure of the prepared derivatives was also confirmed using FT-IR and nuclear magnetic resonance (1HNMR and 13CNMR) spectroscopy. Facile synthesis, solvent-free conditions, high yield, short reaction time, eco-friendly procedure, and straightforward work-up are among the advantages of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In awareness of industrial dye wastewater, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and cobalt zinc ferrite (CZF) nanocomposites were synthesised for the making of carbon quantum dots coated cobalt zinc ferrite (CZF@CQDs) nanophotocatalyst using oxidative polymerization reaction. The results of TEM, zeta potential value, and FTIR confirm highly dispersed 1–4 nm particles with the − 45.7 mV carboxylic functionalized surface of CQDs. The results of the synthesised CZF@CQDs photocatalyst showed an average particle size of ~ 15 nm according to TEM, SEM, and XRD. The photocatalyst showed a 1.20 eV band gap, which followed the perfect visible light irradiation. TGA and DTA revealed the good thermal stability of the nanophotocatalyst. VSM was carried out, and the saturation magnetisations for CZF and CZF@CQDs were 42.44 and 36.14 emu/g, respectively. A multipoint study determined the BET-specific surface area of the CZF@CQDs photocatalyst to be 149.87 m2/g. Under visible light irradiation, the final CZF@CQDs nanophotocatalyst demonstrated remarkable efficiency (~ 95% within 25 min) in the photocatalytic destruction of Reactive Blue 222 (RB 222) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY 145) dyes, as well as mechanical stability and recyclability. Even after the recycling of the degradation study, the nanophotocatalyst efficiency (~ 82%, 7th cycles) was predominantly maintained. The effects of several parameters were also investigated, including initial dye concentration, nanophotocatalyst concentration, CQD content, initial pH of the dye solution, and reaction kinetics. Degradation study data follow the first-order reaction rate (R2 > 0.93). Finally, a simple and low-cost synthesis approach, rapid degradation, and outstanding stability of the CQD-coated CZF nanophotocatalyst should make it a potential photocatalyst for dye wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic ion-imprinted polymers (MIIPs) are an innovative material that combines the selectivity of ion imprinting with the ease of separation provided by magnetic properties. Recent advancements in MIIPs have shown that they have higher selectivity coefficients compared to non-imprinted materials. The synthesis of MIIPs involves creating specific recognition sites for target ions in magnetic nanomaterials. Various nanomaterials, such as graphene oxide, carbon nanotubes, and silica, have been incorporated into the IIPs to improve their analytical performance for different environmental applications, including metal extraction, monitoring, detection, and quantification. This review stresses the need to develop new monomers with a high affinity for the target analyte and to find supporting materials with groups that facilitate the effective removal of the target analyte. It also explores the influence of experimental parameters on metal determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In awareness of industrial dye wastewater, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) and cobalt zinc ferrite (CZF) nanocomposites were synthesised for the making of carbon quantum dots coated cobalt zinc ferrite (CZF@CQDs) nanophotocatalyst using oxidative polymerization reaction. The results of TEM, zeta potential value, and FTIR confirm highly dispersed 1–4 nm particles with the − 45.7 mV carboxylic functionalized surface of CQDs. The results of the synthesised CZF@CQDs photocatalyst showed an average particle size of ~ 15 nm according to TEM, SEM, and XRD. The photocatalyst showed a 1.20 eV band gap, which followed the perfect visible light irradiation. TGA and DTA revealed the good thermal stability of the nanophotocatalyst. VSM was carried out, and the saturation magnetisations for CZF and CZF@CQDs were 42.44 and 36.14 emu/g, respectively. A multipoint study determined the BET-specific surface area of the CZF@CQDs photocatalyst to be 149.87 m2/g. Under visible light irradiation, the final CZF@CQDs nanophotocatalyst demonstrated remarkable efficiency (~ 95% within 25 min) in the photocatalytic destruction of Reactive Blue 222 (RB 222) and Reactive Yellow 145 (RY 145) dyes, as well as mechanical stability and recyclability. Even after the recycling of the degradation study, the nanophotocatalyst efficiency (~ 82%, 7th cycles) was predominantly maintained. The effects of several parameters were also investigated, including initial dye concentration, nanophotocatalyst concentration, CQD content, initial pH of the dye solution, and reaction kinetics. Degradation study data follow the first-order reaction rate (R2 > 0.93). Finally, a simple and low-cost synthesis approach, rapid degradation, and outstanding stability of the CQD-coated CZF nanophotocatalyst should make it a potential photocatalyst for dye wastewater treatment.

AbstractThis study investigates the production of TiO2/Fe3O4/C hydrophilic magnetic nanocomposites produced via a one-step novel method using the submerged arc discharge method applied in liquid media of ethanol and ethanol–ammonia under the influence of external magnetic field. The magnetized submerged arc discharge forms a longer-lasting plasma arc, thereby affecting the growth of spherical and tubular carbon nanocomposites. More reactive species enrolled in the carbon growth in the magnetized submerged arc discharge, resulting in the ordered crystalline structure. The nanocomposites synthesized in ethanol–ammonia show hydrophilic characteristics, indicated by their dispersion improvement in the water and the presence of the vibrations of hydroxyl, amine, and –CN functional groups in Fourier transfer infrared (FTIR) spectra. The preparation technique described in this study using magnetized submerged arc discharge is supposed to be a simple and less costly preparation method that can potentially be further applied to produce numerous other nanocomposites.

In this research, a Fe3O4/Al2O3/CuO magnetic nanocomposite (NC) was prepared by co-precipitation method for photocatalytic activity and identified using VSM, TEM, FE-SEM, EDX, XRD and DRS techniques. Based on the TEM analysis, the structure of NC was observed as nanorods. Also, the presence of CuO was confirmed by EDX and XRD analyses. Using the DRS spectrum results, the energy band gap of Fe3O4/Al2O3/CuO NC was determined as ~ 2 eV. The synthesized compound was used as a photocatalyst for the degradation of methylene blue under sunlight irradiation. The reaction process was investigated by ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. According to the obtained results from MB degradation about 95 percent of MB (10 mg/L) was decomposed after 25 min under sunlight irradiation. Furthermore, even after five cycles, the rate of MB degradation could still exceed 90 percent. Also, based on the obtained results, the synthesized NC can be recovered and reused in the photochemistry process. Additionally, based on the results, the Fe3O4/Al2O3/CuO NCs show high performance photocatalytic activity toward the degradation of MB under solar radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is a major disease that affects millions of people around the world every year. It affects individuals of all ages, races, and backgrounds. Since drugs used to treat cancer cannot distinguish between cancerous and healthy cells, they cause systemic toxicity along with serious side effects. Recently, controlled drug-release systems have been developed to reduce the side effects caused by anticancer drugs used for treatment. Morin is an anticancer drug with a flavonol structure. It has been extensively researched for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumoral, and antibacterial properties, especially found in Chinese herbs and fruits, and its multiple positive effects on different diseases. In this study, a nanocomposite with magnetic properties was synthesized by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained using the fruits of the Celtis tournefortii plant on the surface of iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles. Characterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, zeta potential, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (colorectal), T98-G (glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) healthy cell line. The morin loading and release behavior of the activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite were studied, and the results showed that up to 60% of the adsorbed morin was released within 4 h. In summary, activated carbon-coated iron oxide magnetic nanocomposite carriers have shown promising results for the delivery of the morin drug.

IntroductionThe method of encapsulating the drug molecule in a carrier, such as a magnetic nanoparticle, is a promising development that has the potential to deliver the medicine to the site where it is intended to be administered. Morin is a pentahydroxyflavone obtained from the leaves, stems, and fruits of various plantsmainly from the Moraceae family exhibiting diverse pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and free radical scavenging and helps treat diseases such as diabetes, myocardial infarction and cancer.MethodsIn this study, we conducted the synthesis of a nanocomposite with magnetic properties by coating biocompatible activated carbon obtained from okra plant leaves with magnetic nanoparticles.ResultsCharacterization of the synthesized activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and zeta potential. The cytotoxic effects of the drug-loaded magnetic nanocomposite were examined in HT-29 (Colorectal), MCF-7 (breast), U373 (brain), T98-G (Glioblastoma) cancer cell lines, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells healthy cell line.DiscussionWe studied the loading and release behavior of morin hydrate in the activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite. Activated carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite carriers can show promising results for the delivery of Morin hydrate drugs to the targeted site.

The Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO composite was synthesized via the simultaneous deposition of SiO2 and ZnO onto pre-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods (TEM, EDXS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, PL, zeta potential measurements, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption) revealed that the simultaneous deposition onto magnetite surfaces, up to 18 nm in size, results in the formation of an amorphous shell composed of a mixture of zinc and silicon oxides. This composite underwent modification to form Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO*, achieved by activation with H2O2. The modified composite retained its structural integrity, but its surface groups underwent significant changes, exhibiting pronounced catalytic activity in the photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. It was capable of degrading 96% of this azo dye in 240 min, compared to the initial Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO composite, which could remove only 11% under identical conditions. Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO* demonstrated robust stability after three cycles of use in dye photodegradation. Furthermore, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO* exhibited decreased PL intensity, indicating an enhanced efficiency in electron-hole pair separation and a reduced recombination rate in the modified composite. The activation process diminishes the electron-hole (e−)/(h+) recombination and generates the potent oxidizing species, hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), on the photocatalyst surface, thereby playing a crucial role in the enhanced photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange with Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO*. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we present a one-pot synthesis route to prepare a new composite materials of iron (α-Fe) and a metal–organic framework (MOF) of iron, the MIL-100(Fe), using the sonochemical process. The experimental setup consists of applying high-power ultrasonic pulses to a water-dimethylformamide (H2O-DMF) (1:1) solution containing iron powder, 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3BTC), and nitrate (NO3−). X-ray diffractions and the FT-IR measurements confirm that MIL-100(Fe) was obtained and the difference parameter Δ between the asymmetric and symmetric infrared mode of the order of 250 cm−1 is an indication that the carboxyl oxygen is coordinated through an unidentate interaction with iron Fe(III) in the MOF structure, also the presence of α-iron(Fe0) in the composite was confirmed by the appearance of the diffraction peak at 44.7°. Scanning electron microscopy showed a rod-like morphology for the MIL-100(Fe) and the magnetization measurements suggest a ferromagnetic behavior with maximum magnetization (MS) varying as a function of synthesis parameter Fe0, H3BTC, and nitrate ratio. Higher and lower MS, of 12.52 emu.g−1 and 0.34 emu.g−1, were obtained for Fe0:H3BTC:HNO3 ratio of 3:1:3.5 and 1:1:3.5, respectively. The largest and smallest Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas of 1490.2 m2.g−1 and 666.4 m2.g−1 were obtained for the Fe0:H3BTC:HNO3 ratio of 1:1:3.5 and Fe0:H3BTC:NaNO3of 1:1:20, respectively. Decomposition of nitrate anion, NO 3 - and DMF, under ultrasound producing perhydroxyl radicals, HO2•, and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen (H2) has been used to explain the mechanism for the α-Fe@MOF-100(Fe) magnetic composites preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upgrade of sustainable resource waste into a valuable and beneficial material is an urgent task. The current paper outlines the development of an economical, sustainable, and prolonged adsorbent derived from Sargassum siliquastrum biomass and its use for potent 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) removal. A simple carbonization approach was applied to obtain the highly functionalized carbon structure, which was subsequently transformed into a novel magnetic nanoadsorbent. The magnetic nanoadsorbent was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET)-specific surface area, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The characterization results confirm the successful formation of a high specific surface area and a uniform distribution of Fe3O4/NiS NPs grafted activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics was more accurately described via the pseudo-second order model; nevertheless, the isothermal data showed that the Langmuir model was most suitable. The monolayer adsorption capacity for 2,4-D was 208.26 ± 15.75 mg/g at 328 K. The favourability and spontaneity of the adsorption process were demonstrated by thermodynamic studies. The adsorbent displayed exceptional selectivity for 2,4-D and high stability in multi-cycle use. Electrostatic attraction, π-π stacking, and hydrogen bonding were all believed to have an impact on the sorbent's robust 2,4-D adsorption. Analyses of real tap and Nile River water samples showed little effect of the sample matrix on 2,4-D adsorption. This study presents an innovative approach for developing highly efficient adsorbent from natural biomass and offers an affordable way to recycle algal waste into beneficial materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study used a simple co-precipitation method to fabricate a novel polymer-based photocatalyst that displayed effective photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation. Due to its excellent properties, intrinsic polarization, and asymmetric structure, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) was utilized in the magnetic ternary PPS/PVA/Fe3O4 nanocomposite. The analytical techniques confirmed the desirable combination of the photo-initiated Fe3O4 nanoparticles as the strong oxidizers with the high adsorption capacity of PPS and the binding and conductive effects of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Binary nanocomposites of PPS/Fe3O4 and PVA/Fe3O4 were also prepared to compare their photocatalytic activities with that of the PPS/PVA/Fe3O4 sample. The optimum degradation occurred in PPS/PVA/Fe3O4, reaching 83% after 120 min. Its superior activity was attributed to the synergistic interactions, such as broader absorption of visible light, suppression of electron-hole pair recombination, and increment in the surface area of the mesoporous catalyst. Based on the effects of scavengers, it was concluded that hydroxyl radicals had a vital role in the photodegradation of methylene blue. Kinetically, the photocatalytic activity of PPS/PVA/Fe3O4 followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, which was about 3.9 and 3.1 times greater than those of PPS and PPS/Fe3O4, respectively. More specifically, the superparamagnetic behavior of PPS/PVA/Fe3O4 helped to be recovered with an external magnetic field and showed good reusability and stability after four successive runs. The current work suggests that PPS-based photocatalysts can provide promising opportunities for the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants and opens up a new perspective on water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a novel magnetic visible-driven g-C3N4/TiO2/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite with excellent photocatalytic performance was successfully prepared and employed for photodegradation of tetracycline. Several analysis including X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), and Ultraviolet–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV–Vis DRS) were performed in order to study the structural, optical, magnetic, as well as morphological properties of nanocomposite. The optical band gap of g-C3N4/TiO2/CuFe2O4 heterostructure was found to be red shifted to 2.45 eV from 3.15 eV for pure TiO2. Enhanced separation of photoinduced electron-hole pairs and enhanced visible light absorption capacity of nanocomposite lead to a maximum tetracycline photodegradation efficiency. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the influence four independent variables, including initial photocatalyst dosage (7–14 g/L), TC concentration (20–30 ppm), solution pH (5.5–7.5), and irradiation time (20–40 min), and optimize the TC degradation efficiency. The g-C3N4/TiO2/CuFe2O4 nanocomposite was able to separate and recycle easily using an external magnetic field, and the results of reusability was shown its high stability after 5 cycles. Active species trapping experiments suggested that holes and hydroxyl radicals played a crucial role in the TC degradation process. Finally, a potential photocatalytic mechanism for photodegradation of TC was proposed.

In this study, magnetic biochar-iron oxide (MBC-IO) nanocomposite was easily synthesized as a strong adsorbent to remove toxic Pb(II) heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The physical and chemical properties of the prepared adsorbent were analyzed using SEM, FTIR, XRD, BET, and zeta-potential analyses. An experimental design, using the response surface methodology (RSM), was implemented to study the effect of operational parameters on the Pb(II) adsorption performance. The maximum adsorption capacity of MBC-IO nanocomposite was found to be 504 mg/g, at an adsorbent dosage of 0.08 g/L, pH 7, contact time of 10 min, and initial lead concentration of 50 mg/L. The kinetics and isotherm studies illustrated that the adsorption data were well described by pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively. In addition to rapid Pb2+ removal, the synthesized adsorbent was also employed to compare the adsorption capability of Cd2+, Co2+, and Ni2+ cations that had significant efficiency in the removal of heavy metals. The reusability investigation depicted that MBC-IO nanocomposite exhibits magnetic properties, enabling its facile separation from aqueous solutions with the assistance of an external magnetic field. These capabilities make the synthesized nanocomposite a good candidate for water purification industries. HIGHLIGHTS MBC-IO nanocomposite is able to remove several heavy metals with high efficiency in a short time.; The use of inexpensive materials in synthesizing MBC-IO nanocomposite and its high potential for reuse in the water purification process make it economically efficient.; MBC-IO nanocomposite can be easily separated from aqueous solutions using a magnetic field because of its magnetism.;

Abstract In this research, magnetic nanocomposite (MGO@TiO2) consisting of Fe3O4, TiO2 and graphene oxide is synthesized for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange, and its photocatalytic activity is compared with the nanohybrid (Fe3O4@TiO2) without graphene oxide. The crystalline phases of both photocatalysts are determined using X-ray diffraction patterns. The results show that the removal efficiency of methyl orange using the synthesized nanohybrid and nanocomposite is affected by the irradiation time and the pH of the suspension. Comparing the removal efficiency of methyl orange using synthesized photocatalysts shows that the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite is much higher than that of nanohybrid. The statistical analysis of the experimental data using the response surface method led to the selection of the quadratic model as the best statistical model to estimate the removal efficiency of methyl orange. Also, the numerical and graphical methods confirmed the adequacy of the quadratic statistical model.

A novel electrochemical strategy was presented using gold nanoparticles decorated on polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4-PEI-Au) as a nanocomposite modifier for sensitive and selective detection of Cd(II). The aptasensor was fabricated by immobilizing a thiol-terminated Cd(II) aptamer onto a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with the Fe3O4-PEI-Au nanocomposite. This nanocomposite provided high surface area for enhanced aptamer loading, excellent biocompatibility, and good conductivity to promote the signal amplification at the sensing interface. Differential pulse voltammetry was used for quantitative measurement of Cd(II), demonstrating a dynamic linear detection range from 0.04 nM to 25 nM. The limit of detection was found to be 0.01 nM, which is lower than the safe limit in drinking water defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The label-free aptasensor showed high selectivity, reproducibility, stability and reliability for real-time Cd(II) monitoring in environmental water samples. This work successfully demonstrates the development of a novel electrochemical aptasensor utilizing a Fe3O4-PEI-Au nanocomposite modifier for sensitive and selective detection of trace levels of Cd(II) in water resources.

An eco-friendly magnetic nanoparticle (MNPs)-based stir rod-assisted dispersive solid-phase extraction (SRMDSPE) method was proposed for the removal and extraction of Cr (VI) preceding its spectrophotometric determination. The magnetic melamine‐functionalized chitosan-modified graphene oxide (MCMGO) nanocomposites were synthesized as a biocompatible, effective adsorbent with admirable adsorption capacity, great magnetic property and excellent dispersion ability for the adsorption of the Cr (VI) ion. The prepared adsorbent was characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, VSM, EDX, and SEM. Different parameters affecting removal and microextraction efficiencies such as sample volume, pH, interferences, volume and type of eluent, and adsorbent dosage were investigated and optimized. The result of isotherm shows that Cr (VI) adsorption followed the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic parameters (i.e., change in the free energy (ΔG0), the enthalpy (ΔH0), and the entropy (ΔS0)) were also evaluated. The overall adsorption process was endothermic and spontaneous. The sorbent elution with ability and reusability was used in dispersive solid-phase extraction. Under optimal conditions, the extraction efficiency was 78.0%, and the enrichment factor was 31.19. The SRMDSPE was successfully quantified in the 0.05–0.5 mg L−1 (R2 = 0.9993) with a detection limit of 0.015 mg L−1. The proposed method was applied to leather wastewater, Tabriz, and some surface waters. The percentage of recoveries for spiked real samples were in the range of 91–101%, and the percentage of relative standard deviations were 2–6%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Using the Fe 3 O 4 -PEI-Au, an effective electrochemical aptasensor for Cd(II) screening was designed. • The suggested assay indicates low detection limit and broad linear range towards Cd(II). • The present strategy was successfully used for quantification of toxic Cd(II) in environmental waters. A novel electrochemical strategy was presented using gold nanoparticles decorated on polyethyleneimine-modified iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -PEI-Au) as a nanocomposite modifier for sensitive and selective detection of Cd(II). The aptasensor was fabricated by immobilizing a thiol-terminated Cd(II) aptamer onto a screen-printed carbon electrode modified with the Fe 3 O 4 -PEI-Au nanocomposite. This nanocomposite provided high surface area for enhanced aptamer loading, excellent biocompatibility, and good conductivity to promote the signal amplification at the sensing interface. Differential pulse voltammetry was used for quantitative measurement of Cd(II), demonstrating a dynamic linear detection range from 0.04 nM to 25 nM. The limit of detection was found to be 0.01 nM, which is lower than the safe limit in drinking water defined by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The label-free aptasensor showed high selectivity, reproducibility, stability and reliability for real-time Cd(II) monitoring in environmental water samples. This work successfully demonstrates the development of a novel electrochemical aptasensor utilizing a Fe 3 O 4 -PEI-Au nanocomposite modifier for sensitive and selective detection of trace levels of Cd(II) in water resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cerium ions immobilized magnetic graphite nitride material have been prepared using L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine as the new chelator. The resulting Fe3O4/g-C3N4-L-Ala-L-Gln-Ce4+, as an immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) sorbent, was reusable. This is due to the strong coordination interaction between L-Alanyl-L-Glutamine and cerium ions. After a series of characterizations, the magnetic nanocomposite showed high surface area, good hydrophilicity, positive electricity, and magnetic response. Fe3O4/g-C3N4-L-Ala-L-Gln-Ce4+ had high sensitivity (0.1 fmol), selectivity (α-/β-casein/bovine serum albumin, 1:1:5000), and good recyclability (10 cycles). A total of 647 unique phosphopeptides mapped to 491 phosphoproteins were identified from A549 cell lysate by nano LC–MS analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, magnetic nanocomposite (MGO@TiO2) consisting of Fe3O4, TiO2 and graphene oxide is synthesized for the photocatalytic removal of methyl orange, and its photocatalytic activity is compared with the nanohybrid (Fe3O4@TiO2) without graphene oxide. The crystalline phases of both photocatalysts are determined using X-ray diffraction patterns. The results show that the removal efficiency of methyl orange using the synthesized nanohybrid and nanocomposite is affected by the irradiation time and the pH of the suspension. Comparing the removal efficiency of methyl orange using synthesized photocatalysts shows that the photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite is much higher than that of nanohybrid. The statistical analysis of the experimental data using the response surface method led to the selection of the quadratic model as the best statistical model to estimate the removal efficiency of methyl orange. Also, the numerical and graphical methods confirmed the adequacy of the quadratic statistical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a one-step process, nanoscale magnetite was modified with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane to introduce amino groups onto its surface. The resulting nanocomposite exhibited a particle size of approximately 13.6 nm, with agglomerates measuring 150 nm in size. The nanoparticles were densely packed, creating gaps (pores) between them of up to 13 nm and a specific surface area of 114 m2⋅g−1. The nanocomposite possessed approximately 0.8 mmol⋅g−1 of amino groups. Electrokinetic potential data confirmed the presence of basic groups, and the isoelectric point was observed at pH 10. The adsorption of human immunoglobulin in a 0.9% NaCl solution was investigated using the synthesized nanoparticles, with a maximum adsorption capacity reaching 40.5 mg⋅g−1. Infrared spectroscopy data of the Ig-loaded sample and the fitting of the adsorption isotherm using the Langmuir adsorption model indicated chemisorption of the immunoglobulin on the surface of the Fe3O4/≡Si(CH2)3NH2 particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring phosphorus fertilization is crucial for controlling the concentration of biologically available soil P. Over the years, several methodologies have been used, including successive cropping in a greenhouse or field, as well as extractions employing P sink procedures. The latter procedures are ideal laboratory experiments to show the soil's ability to supply P and to explore the P-residual release kinetics. Following these methodologies, long-term P desorption studies have been developed using dialysis membrane tubes filled with nanomaterial solutions. In this study, a magnetic nanocomposite (Fe3O4/Al2O3/MnO2) was synthesized and characterized utilizing cutting-edge instruments such as XRD, FTIR, FAAS, BET, SEM, and EDX. The resulting material had a crystalline size and surface area of 22.75 nm and 203.69 m2/g, respectively, and was employed for long-term P-desorption and kinetics experiments while filled in dialysis membrane tubes. The P-desorption experiment was conducted on four separate acidic soil samples that were cultured for 122 days with four different P concentrations. The findings demonstrated a direct relationship between P-desorbed and P-treatment, as well as with desorption time. The minimum desorption was obtained from the control of Boji Dirmaji soil P0 (1.16–9.36) and the highest desorption from Nedjo soil with P3 (5.23–30.35 mg/kg) treatment over 1–28 days. The rate of P release from soil to solution or diffusion through the membrane was determined by pseudo-first-order kinetics with a rate constant (0.021–0.028 hr−1). This method has the potential to measure fixed-P availability by mimicking it as a plant would, with high P-desorption efficiency and quick P-release capacity.

Magnesium-doped CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (MgCF)@SiO2-NH-COOH were prepared through a step-wise procedure for the removal of two cationic dyes from real wastewater. MgCF was successfully synthesized through the co-precipitation technique. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were coated within a silica (SiO2) shell and functionalized with amino groups utilizing 3-Aminopropylethoxysilane (APTES). To assess its adsorption capabilities, the nanocomposite underwent further modification with Gallic acid (GA). MgCF@SiO2-NH-COOH has a well-developed pore structure with a BET surface area of 31.655m2/g, which also has a crystalline structure. Adsorption tests revealed the excellent performance of MgCF@SiO2-NH-COOH in removing Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes. Kinetic studies demonstrated that the adsorption of MB and RhB followed the Boyd kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm model provided the best fit for the experimental data, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 103 mg/g and 89 mg/g for MB and RhB, respectively. Moreover, recycling tests established the high stability and reusability of MgCF-SiO2-APTES-GA nanocomposites, with consistent adsorption performance over at least five cycles. At the first stage, the adsorption was 98.6 % for MB and 95.3 % for RhB, and after five regenerations, the adsorption was 82.5 % for MB and 79.6 % for RhB. This research offers a cost-effective compound that addresses pressing environmental concerns related to the removal of organic dyes from wastewater.

Aiming at the poor effect of broadband wave-absorbing, the structural wave-absorbing composites structure were designed and prepared by choosing FeNi alloy powder/epoxy nanocomposites as the wave-absorbing interlayer, and carbon fibers/epoxy composites as the structural materials. Firstly, “80 wt% Fe50Ni50 alloy powder/epoxy resin nanocomposites” were successfully prepared, with a density of about 2.4 g/cm3, which can be applied as wave-absorbing interlayer. Then, electromagnetic parameters and loss mechanisms of the wave-absorbing sandwich in the frequency band of 1–18 GHz were studied in detail. Finally, the radar wave absorption characteristics of the structural wave-absorbing composites were optimized. The study shows that the electromagnetic loss mechanism of wave-absorbing sandwich is dominated by conductive loss and eddy current loss in the frequency range of 1–6 GHz, and eddy current loss, resonant loss and relaxation polarization in the frequency range of 6–18 GHz. In the frequency band of 2.5–8 GHz, the angular tangent of the magnetic loss of the interlayer is tanδm ≥ 0.5, and, the attenuation constant is stabilized in the range of 160–180 in the frequency band of 5.2–13.2 GHz, which shows that the interlayer has a good capacity of electromagnetic wave absorption. Different wave-absorbing properties can be designed by changing the thickness of the wave-absorbing interlayer. And the “fiberglass/interlayer/carbon fiber” composite board with a thickness of 2.0 mm interlayer and 3.0 mm-thick “fiberglass/ epoxy” has excellent broadband wave-absorbing properties. The sandwich composites have wave-absorbing peaks of |RL|≥10 dB in the frequency bands of 4.93–8.79 GHz and 14.96–18.0 GHz, with the peak width of 6.90 GHz, and the absorption peak of |RL|≥54 dB.

Abstract CuCoFe2O4@Activated Carbon (AC) was synthesized by a fast, simple, and green microwave-assisted coprecipitation method, and then used as a new heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst in Fenton-like reaction for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation from aqueous media. CuCoFe2O4@AC was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Mapping, Line scan, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The characterization results showed that the CuCoFe2O4@AC nanocomposite was in the ferrite phase with a mesoporous, uniform, quasi-spherical surface and a particle size of about 25 nm. The total volume of single-point adsorption pores was equal to 0.22 cm3 g−1 and the specific surface area was determined to be 199.54 m2 g−1. This nanocomposite had good thermal stability with high magnetic strength. In the presence of H2O2, the synthesized nanocomposite provided a Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal from aqueous solutions. The investigation of this process showed that neutral pH, 1 g L−1 of the nanocomposite, and 73.5 mM of H2O2 were the optimal conditions for CIP removal with an initial CIP concentration of 20 mg L−1. The maximum removal efficiency of 95.77% was attained after 120 min of contact time under the optimum conditions. The CIP degradation during this Fenton-like process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with rate constants (K app) of 0.01 min−1. Finally, the CIP removal efficiency after 5 cycles of recovery and regeneration of CuFe2O4@AC was 87.65%. The excellent performance and high catalytic activity of CuCoFe2O4@AC in Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal make it have potential application foreground in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater.

The luminol chemiluminescent reaction is among well-known quantitative methods in analytical spectroscopy due to its high sensitivity to presence of catalyst and low background signal. In this study, magnetic nanocomposite of Fe3O4/SiO2/TiO2/CoIIITHPP (THPP : tetrahyroxyphenylporphyrin) has been synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized with fourior transform-infrared (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), trasmiddion electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS. For the fist time, this magnetic nanocomposite has been used as catalyst of chemolumincence reactions and showed high catalytic effect on the luminol-H2O2 system. The recovery of catalyst was easily performed by applying the external magnetic field.

Cellulosic fibers provide a favorable substrate for nucleation and growth of the nanoparticles. Manganese ferrite nanoparticles can serve as catalysts for various purposes. Here, sonosynthesis of manganese ferrite nanoparticles on cotton fabric was carried out through sonochemical processing by using iron chloride and manganese chloride salts at different temperatures and times in alkaline media. Also, the central composite design based on the response surface methodology was used to optimize the production conditions such as temperature and time. The formation of synthesized nanoparticles on cotton was evaluated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and elemental mapping tests. FESEM images confirmed the spherical manganese ferrite nanoparticles with an average size of 48 nm on cotton fabric. The photocatalytic activities, washing and lightfastness, and magnetic, mechanical, and colorimetric properties of the modified fabrics were investigated. The nanocomposites boosted methylene blue photodegradation under sunlight. In addition, the vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) test indicated the paramagnetic nature of the manganese ferrite nanoparticles with a magnetic saturation of 1.32 emu/g. The treated fabrics with the proper magnetic properties are suitable for use in diverse applications such as supercapacitors.

In this study, bismuth ferrite nanoparticles and metal-organic framework, Cu(BDC), were prepared by microwave-assisted combustion in solid state and ultrasound-assisted method, respectively. To enhance the properties of bismuth ferrite nanoparticles and Cu(BDC), we form them as their composite through microwave and ultrasonic probe strategies. Various analyses, including FT-IR, XRD, SEM, DRS, VSM, and so on, were applied to verify the synthesis accuracy. Then, the catalytic performances of the nanoparticles and the as-prepared nanocomposites were evaluated through photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the as-synthesized materials was assessed toward the Congo red removal from wastewater. All the results prove that the proposed nanocomposite can be an acceptable candidate for eliminating contaminants from wastewater. The electrochemical properties of bismuth ferrite, BiFeO3/Cu(BDC) nanocomposite 1, and BiFeO3/Cu(BDC) nanocomposite 2 have been studied by cyclic voltammetry.

Owing to the impact of brilliant green dye on potable water contamination, citric acid functionalized magnetic nanocomposite in presence of activated carbon was prepared for easy, quick, and efficient removal of the dye from water. Batch adsorption studies were conducted to maximize the adsorption efficiency by optimizing contact time, initial dye concentration, pH, dosage, and salt concentration. The maximum efficiency of the citric acid functionalized Fe3O4@activated carbon was found to be 773 mg g−1. The efficiency of the monolayer adsorption process as depicted from the Langmuir model is explained based on the hydrogen bonding, electrostatic interaction, and porosity of the adsorbent. The adsorption process follows a pseudo‐second order kinetics model which can also be correlated to the relatively quick adsorption process. The saturation magnetization of the nanocomposites prepared in presence of activated carbon was found to be 35.2 emu/g, which makes it effective for quick magnetic separation. Built on the findings, we report an economical, efficient, and satisfactory alternative adsorbent for the abatement of brilliant green dye from coloured wastewater and contaminated water sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a novel efficient utilization of lignin‐based nanomagnetic copper (I) is presented as an eco‐friendly recoverable catalyst. We report a simple one‐pot synthesis of magnetic copper chloride (I) composite by using lignin as a reducing agent and heterogenized support. The copper (I) nanocomposite shows high catalytic potential in one‐pot three component click reaction for synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles, with excellent turnover efficiency even after 4 cycles in green conditions. The lignin‐copper (I) chloride magnetic nanocomposite catalyst demonstrates highly efficient, stable and recyclable copper (I), and cost effectiveness advantages. The catalyst is easily recovered by an external magnetic field, and therefore, time and energy are saved since there is no filtration or decantation technique. Also, the stable nanomagnetic copper (I) can be handily prepared and applied for large scale operations. Besides, due to totally clear of nanomagnetic copper (I) away from the reaction media, the desired highly pure products can be achieved in excellent yields. High thermal stability of nanomagnetic copper (I) turns its ability to be useable in organic reactions under high temperatures. According to high dispersibility in aqueous solvent, nanomagnetic copper (I) can be utilized as highly efficient catalyst. The prepared composite is characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, TGA, VSM and FT‐IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, a novel curcumin-modified magnetic graphene oxide nanocomposite was synthesised through a facile method and the loading of Trichostatin A as an anticancer drug was evaluated. D-μSPE method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC-DAD) successfully applied to determine the target analyte. The proper synthesis of the nanocomposite was investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and vibrating sample magnetometry. The Taguchi statistical design was used to investigate the impact of five operating variables. The results for signal/noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance showed that the MG-curcumin/TSA ratio was the most significant factor while the solution pH was the least significant variable. In addition, the optimum operating conditions were obtained and adsorption isotherms were also studied. The optimised parameters were employed to perform extraction of the TSA from real samples. Good linearity (with r2 = 0.9950) was shown for TSA concentrations from 5.0 to 1000.0 ng mL−1. Moreover, detection limit (0.70 ng mL−1), limit of quantification (2.51 ng mL−1), Inter-day and intra-day precision (n = 5, 3.2%, and 5.0%) were achieved for the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CuCoFe2O4@Activated Carbon (AC) was synthesized by a fast, simple, and green microwave-assisted coprecipitation method, and then used as a new heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst in Fenton-like reaction for ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation from aqueous media. CuCoFe2O4@AC was characterized by Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Mapping, Line scan, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-Ray diffraction analysis (XRD), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) techniques. The characterization results showed that the CuCoFe2O4@AC nanocomposite was in the ferrite phase with a mesoporous, uniform, quasi-spherical surface and a particle size of about 25 nm. The total volume of single-point adsorption pores was equal to 0.22 cm3 g−1 and the specific surface area was determined to be 199.54 m2 g−1. This nanocomposite had good thermal stability with high magnetic strength. In the presence of H2O2, the synthesized nanocomposite provided a Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal from aqueous solutions. The investigation of this process showed that neutral pH, 1 g L−1 of the nanocomposite, and 73.5 mM of H2O2 were the optimal conditions for CIP removal with an initial CIP concentration of 20 mg L−1. The maximum removal efficiency of 95.77% was attained after 120 min of contact time under the optimum conditions. The CIP degradation during this Fenton-like process followed a pseudo-first-order kinetic model with rate constants (Kapp) of 0.01 min−1. Finally, the CIP removal efficiency after 5 cycles of recovery and regeneration of CuFe2O4@AC was 87.65%. The excellent performance and high catalytic activity of CuCoFe2O4@AC in Fenton-like reaction for CIP removal make it have potential application foreground in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, amine-terminated succinic acid-modified magnetic nanoparticles (MSA@TEPA) have been successfully synthesized using a facile two-step procedure as a new effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions. The MSA@TEPA was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The parameters influencing the adsorption capacity of MSA@TEPA, such as pH (3–8), contact time (t: 5–480 min), initial concentrations of MG dye (Co: 20–200 mg/L), and adsorbent mass (0.05–0.5 g), were evaluated. It was observed that, under specified experimental conditions (Co: 25 mg/L, pH: 7.1, T: 298 K, agitation rate: 100 rpm, and t: 420 min), the MSA@TEPA nanocomposite exhibits excellent adsorption efficiency (97.74%) for MG dye. The adsorption kinetics follow the PSO model, and the equilibrium data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm with a maximum adsorption capacity of up to 282.65 mg/g. The thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption process of MG dye was an exothermic process. After five consecutive cycles, MSA@TEPA nanocomposite still show good adsorption efficiency for MG dye. It is assumed that, because of the presence of amine group, adsorption mainly occurred through electrostatic interaction and H-bonding. In conclusion, the study shows a new and effective adsorbent with high adsorptive capacity, easy magnetic separation using an external magnetic field, and reusability for MG dye elimination from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel effluent treatment solutions for dangerous organic pollutants are crucial worldwide. In recent years, chemical reduction using noble metal-based nanocatalysts and NaBH4, a reducing agent, has become common practice for eliminating organic contaminants from aquatic environments. We suggest a straightforward approach to synthesizing magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) modified with magnetite (Fe3O4) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) as a catalyst for organic contamination removal. Significantly, the CNC surface was decorated with Ag NPs without using any reducing agents or stabilizers. PXRD, FE-SEM, TEM, EDX, VSM, BET, and zeta potential tests characterized the Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite. The nanocomposite's catalytic activity was tested by eliminating 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and the organic dyes methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in an aqueous solution at 25 °C. The Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite reduced 4-NP and decolored these hazardous organic dyes in a short time (2 to 5 min) using a tiny amount of catalyst (2.5 mg for 4-NP and 15 mg for MO and MB). The magnetic catalyst was removed and reused three times without losing catalytic activity. This work shows that the Ag/Fe3O4/CNC nanocomposite can chemically reduce harmful pollutants in effluent for environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humic acid (HA), the most highly prevalent type of natural organic matter (NOM), plays an effective role in the generation of disinfectant byproducts such as trihalomethanes and haloacetic acid, which are well known to be definitive carcinogens. Therefore, the proactive elimination of HA from water and wastewater is a crucial means of preventing this pollutant from reacting with the chlorine incorporated during the disinfection process. This study investigated the UV light photocatalytic elimination of HA, employing a bentonite@Fe3O4@ZnO (BNTN@Fe3O4@ZnO) magnetic nanocomposite. The most significant variables pertinent to the photocatalytic degradation process examined in this work included the pH (3–11), nanocomposite dose (0.005–0.1 g/L), reaction time (5–180 min), and HA concentration (2–15 mg/L). The synthesized materials were characterized via field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques, all of which revealed outstanding catalytic properties for the BNTN@Fe3O4@ZnO. The conditions under which greater efficiency was achieved included a pH of 3, a nanocomposite dose of 0.01 g/L, and an HA concentration of 10 mg/L. Under these conditions, in just 90 min of photocatalytic reaction, an HA degradation efficiency of 100% was achieved. From the modeling study of the kinetic data, the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model showed good compliance (R2 = 0.97) with the empirical data and predicted values. Thus, it can be concluded that the BNTN@Fe3O4@ZnO catalyst acts very efficiently in the HA removal process under a variety of treatment conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic fields have been used to deliver magnetic nanocomposites (MNCs) and alter mechanochemical transduction pathways in malignant tumors. We study mechanoluminescence (ML) of Walker-256 carcinosarcoma cells induced by the magneto-mechanochemical effects of Fe3O4–Au MNCs under a nonuniform rotating magnetic field (RMF). Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra were recorded to investigate the optical response of MNCs. The PL spectrum of MNCs showed three broad emission bands with peaks at 525, 570 and 680 nm. MNCs underwent a phase transition attributed to localized surface plasmon resonance as indicated by the Raman spectra. ML intensity recorded from MNCs + cells + RMF was 3.5 and 1.4 times greater than chemiluminescence (CL) of MNCs + cells and cells alone, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). ML exhibited lesser variation than CL. The nonuniform distribution of a magnetic force exerted on MNCs resulted in more symmetric distributions of ML signals. Therefore, the observed ML emission could originate from the magneto-mechanochemically and light-induced free radical reactions in cancer cells in response to MNCs + RMF. The magneto-mechanochemical effects have the possibility to translate ML to cancer diagnosis and treatment by providing additional information about changes in breaking asymmetry to symmetric processes at the quantum level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO composite was synthesized via the simultaneous deposition of SiO2 and ZnO onto pre-prepared Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Physicochemical methods (TEM, EDXS, XRD, SEM, FTIR, PL, zeta potential measurements, and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption/desorption) revealed that the simultaneous deposition onto magnetite surfaces, up to 18 nm in size, results in the formation of an amorphous shell composed of a mixture of zinc and silicon oxides. This composite underwent modification to form Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO*, achieved by activation with H2O2. The modified composite retained its structural integrity, but its surface groups underwent significant changes, exhibiting pronounced catalytic activity in the photodegradation of methyl orange under UV irradiation. It was capable of degrading 96% of this azo dye in 240 min, compared to the initial Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO composite, which could remove only 11% under identical conditions. Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO* demonstrated robust stability after three cycles of use in dye photodegradation. Furthermore, Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO* exhibited decreased PL intensity, indicating an enhanced efficiency in electron-hole pair separation and a reduced recombination rate in the modified composite. The activation process diminishes the electron-hole (e−)/(h+) recombination and generates the potent oxidizing species, hydroxyl radicals (OH˙), on the photocatalyst surface, thereby playing a crucial role in the enhanced photodegradation efficiency of methyl orange with Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO*.

The development of carriers for drug delivery faces significant challenges from a therapeutic perspective. The present study presents an innovative nanocarrier based on combination of functionalized magnetic nanocomposite nano‐chitosan and cisplatin. Hydrophobic drugs such as cisplatin could be delivered using magnetic nanoparticles modified with biocompatible copolymers. This study aimed to determine the antitumor effects of free cisplatin enhancement in cervical cancer cells using cisplatin‐encapsulated Fe3O4@SiO2@N‐Chit‐FA. An additional layer of nanochitosan was coated on top of the magnetic nanocomposite to increase its stability in aqueous solutions. Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity of Fe3O4@SiO2@N‐Chit‐FA‐cis complex were evaluated against the cervical cancer animal model in C57BL6 mice. An external magnetic field was used to test the in‐vivo uptake and distribution of Fe3O4@SiO2 @N‐Chit‐FA‐cis in tumor cells. The results showed that the released drug would induce its effects on a specific target area when an external magnetic field was applied, and Fe3O4@SiO2@N‐Chit‐FA‐cis can suppress tumor growth more than cisplatin alone via induction of tumor necrosis. Overall, Fe3O4@SiO2@N‐Chit‐FA nanocomposites hold great potential for use in targeted nanomedicine to deliver bio‐functional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

KIT-5 mesoporous silica was loaded with silver-based magnetic nanocomposite with the help of an acid modulator under hydrothermal conditions. The morphology, bandgap, surface area, pore size, and magnetic properties of the magnetic nanocomposite-loaded KIT-5 material were determined using imaging, spectroscopic, BET analysis, and VSM studies, respectively. The magnetic nanocomposite-loaded mesoporous KIT-5 material was then screened for pharmaceutical waste degradation, and it was found that the material was able to photo-catalytically degrade the toxic tetracycline with 97% efficiency under visible light conditions. UV spectrophotometer was used to investigate the usage of functionalized nanomaterial for the degradation and removal of pharmaceutical waste, tetracycline. The recyclability and reusability of the magnetic nanocomposite-loaded mesoporous KIT-5 material in pharma waste degradation were also studied. A mechanism for the degradation of tetracycline by the magnetic mesoporous KIT-5 material was also discussed based on the crystallinity, surface area, and bandgap of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study, the biodiesel fuel generation from waste cooking oil (WCO) as a low-cost feedstock was performed in a T-shaped microreactor through a transesterification process in the presence of binary metal oxide of silver-titanium oxide nanoparticles doped over magnetic graphene oxide (MGO@TiO 2 Ag) as a novel catalyst. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to characterize the MGO@TiO 2 Ag nanocatalyst. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the reaction parameters, including methanol to oil volume ratio (Me/Oil), residence time and catalyst concentration. Following data analysis and optimization of the transesterification reaction, the maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) which was equal to 96.54 ± 1.16 %, was achieved at the residence time of 169.15 s, Me/Oil ratio of 2.52, and catalyst concentration of 4.15 wt%. All attributes of the manufactured FAMEs were within the permitted ranges of the ASTM D6751 standard, indicating high quality. The finding of this work demonstrated that employing a microreactor has an influential role in producing FAMEs in the presence of an MGO@TiO 2 Ag nanocatalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]