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8. Changing Auditory Time with Prismatic Goggles

Author

Magnani, Barbara, Pavani, Francesco, and Frassinetti, Francesca

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to explore the spatial organization of auditory time and the effects of the manipulation of spatial attention on such a representation. In two experiments, we asked 28 adults to classify the duration of auditory stimuli as "short" or "long". Stimuli were tones of high or low pitch, delivered left or right of the participant. The time bisection task was performed either on right or left stimuli regardless of their pitch (Spatial experiment), or on high or low tones regardless of their location (Tonal experiment). Duration of left stimuli was underestimated relative to that of right stimuli, in the Spatial but not in the Tonal experiment, suggesting that a spatial representation of auditory time emerges selectively when spatial-encoding is enforced. Further, when we introduced spatial-attention shifts using the prismatic adaptation procedure, we found modulations of auditory time processing as a function of prismatic deviation, which correlated with the interparticipant adaptation effect. These novel findings reveal a spatial representation of auditory time, modulated by spatial attention. (Contains 4 figures.)

Published
2012
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27. Armadilhas ópticas de dipolo: teoria e experimento de forma didática.

Author

Gomes, Naomy Duarte, Magnani, Barbara da Fonseca, and Marcassa, Luiz Gustavo

Subjects
*OPTICAL tweezers, *ATOM trapping, *ATOMS, *COMPREHENSION, *WAVELENGTHS
Abstract

Optical dipole traps emerged as a special case of what today we know as optical tweezers. They were first developed to trap neutral atoms, which posses a diameter much smaller than the wavelength of the trapping light. Due to its significance and applicability in cold atoms and molecules experiments, its comprehension becomes important. Therefore, in this work, we construct, step-by-step and didactically, the theoretical description of the optical dipole trap and one of its two possible regimes, the quasi-electrostatic trap (QUEST). We present one possible experimental setup, emphasizing the advantages of the optical dipole trap in the QUEST regime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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30. Highlights on the state of the art of EMDR therapy.

Author

Musetti, Alessandro and Magnani, Barbara

Abstract

A recent paper by Dominguez and Lee (2017) discussed several methodological and statistical errors made by the American Psychological Association (APA) in defining Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) efficacy for PTSD as weaker than cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), cognitive processing therapy (CPT), cognitive therapy (CT) and exposure therapy. In this commentary, starting from the study of Dominguez and Lee (2017) we are going to express our position and state that the limits which make the results on EMDR treatment efficacy controversial are not merely methodological and statistical but, rather, theoretical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018

31. The spatial representation of time

Author

Magnani, Barbara

Subjects
M-PSI/02 Psicobiologia e psicologia fisiologica
Abstract

Numerosi studi mostrano che gli intervalli temporali sono rappresentati attraverso un codice spaziale che si estende da sinistra verso destra, dove gli intervalli brevi sono rappresentati a sinistra rispetto a quelli lunghi. Inoltre tale disposizione spaziale del tempo può essere influenzata dalla manipolazione dell’attenzione-spaziale. La presente tesi si inserisce nel dibattito attuale sulla relazione tra rappresentazione spaziale del tempo e attenzione-spaziale attraverso l’uso di una tecnica che modula l’attenzione-spaziale, ovvero, l’Adattamento Prismatico (AP). La prima parte è dedicata ai meccanismi sottostanti tale relazione. Abbiamo mostrato che spostando l’attenzione-spaziale con AP, verso un lato dello spazio, si ottiene una distorsione della rappresentazione di intervalli temporali, in accordo con il lato dello spostamento attenzionale. Questo avviene sia con stimoli visivi, sia con stimoli uditivi, nonostante la modalità uditiva non sia direttamente coinvolta nella procedura visuo-motoria di AP. Questo risultato ci ha suggerito che il codice spaziale utilizzato per rappresentare il tempo, è un meccanismo centrale che viene influenzato ad alti livelli della cognizione spaziale. La tesi prosegue con l’indagine delle aree corticali che mediano l’interazione spazio-tempo, attraverso metodi neuropsicologici, neurofisiologici e di neuroimmagine. In particolare abbiamo evidenziato che, le aree localizzate nell’emisfero destro, sono cruciali per l’elaborazione del tempo, mentre le aree localizzate nell’emisfero sinistro sono cruciali ai fini della procedura di AP e affinché AP abbia effetto sugli intervalli temporali. Infine, la tesi, è dedicata allo studio dei disturbi della rappresentazione spaziale del tempo. I risultati ci indicano che un deficit di attenzione-spaziale, dopo danno emisferico destro, provoca un deficit di rappresentazione spaziale del tempo, che si riflette negativamente sulla vita quotidiana dei pazienti. Particolarmente interessanti sono i risultati ottenuti mediante AP. Un trattamento con AP, efficace nel ridurre il deficit di attenzione-spaziale, riduce anche il deficit di rappresentazione spaziale del tempo, migliorando la qualità di vita dei pazienti., Numerous studies showed that time intervals are represented via a spatial code ascending from left to right, where shorter intervals are represented to the left of longer intervals. There is also evidence that, this temporal-spatial line, can be manipulated by manipulating the spatial-attention direction. The present thesis contributes to the current debate on the relationship between spatial representation of time and spatial-attention by using a technique to modulate spatial-attention, i.e. Prismatic-Adaptation (PA). In a first part we wondered about the behavioral mechanisms of the spatial-attention and time interaction. We showed that a shift of spatial-attention toward a side of space by PA, induces a distortion of the representation of time stimuli according to the side of attentional manipulation. This is true for time stimuli presented in visual modality but also in auditory modality that is not directly involved in the visuo-motor procedure of PA. This results suggested that the spatial code used to represent time, is a very centralized representation that is affected by spatial operations at high levels of spatial cognition. We followed with the investigation of the cortical areas subtending the space-time interaction. With neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods, we found that areas in the right hemisphere are selectively related to the pure processing of time, while areas in the left hemisphere are selectively related to the success of PA procedure and to the effects of PA on time. Finally, we focused on the study of the pathology of the spatial representation of time. We found that a spatial-attention deficit, following a right hemispheric stroke, induces a deficit in the spatial representation of time that reflects in patients’ daily life. Moreover we found that a PA treatment, effective in reducing the spatial-attention deficit, also reduces the spatial representation of time disorder, improving patients’ quality of life.

Published
2012
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32. Ipotesi Magnocellulare e Ipotesi dell'Esclusione del rumore nella Dislessia Evolutiva

Author

BENASSI, MARIAGRAZIA, MAGNANI, BARBARA, FRASSINETTI, FRANCESCA, BOLZANI, ROBERTO, Gatti V., Angelini D., Ghidoni E., GENOVESE E. GHIDONI E. GUARALDI G. STELLA G., Benassi M., Magnani B., Gatti V., Frassinetti F., Bolzani R., Angelini D., and Ghidoni E.

Subjects
IPOTESI MAGNOCELLULARE, IPOTESI MULTIFATTORIALE, IPOTESI DELL'ESCLUSIONE DEL RUMORE, DISLESSIA EVOLUTIVA, SOTTOTIPI DI DISLESSIA
Abstract

Il lavoro presentato si propone di confrontare l'ipotesi Magnocellulare e l'Ipotesi dell'esclusione del rumore attraverso due esperimenti effettuati in un gruppo di giovani adulti e in un gruppo di bambini con dislessia evolutiva. Nel primo esperimento, il gruppo di dislessici è confrontato al gruppo di adulti normolettori sulla base di compiti visivi di percezione del movimento (considerati compiti legati al sistema magnocellulare) e di riconoscimento delle forme (considerato compito maggiormente legato al sistema parvocellulare). Dai risultati emerge che sia nel compito di riconoscimento del movimento che nel compito di riconoscimento delle forme i dislessici presentano prestazioni deficitarie. Tale risultato depone a favore della teoria che spiega le difficoltà della dislessia come legate a difficoltà generalizzate -e non specifiche del sistema magnocellulare- nella discriminazione del segnale in presenza di rumore di fondo. Nel secondo esperimento i bambini con dislessia sono confrontati con i bambini a sviluppo tipico al fine di proporre una classificazione dei bambini dislessici sulla base delle funzioni cognitive trovate implicate nella dislessia (attenzione, percezione visiva, funzioni fonologiche, funzioni esecutive, strategie di apprendimento impicito). Dai risultati emerge che è possibile classificare i bambini con dislessia in 4 sottogruppi, ciascuno con un profilo cognitivo specifico: fonologico, visivo, attentivo-esecutivo e fonologico, visivo e fonologico. Tali esperimenti confermano l'importanza di una valutazione multifattoriale della dislessia evolutiva, che tenga conto di profili neuropsicologici diversi che possono essere associati al disturbo di lettura.

Published
2011

33. The role of Posterior Parietal Cortex in spatial representation of time: a TMS study

Author

Magnani, Barbara, Oliveri, Massimiliano, Mangano, Giuseppa Renata, Frassinetti, Francesca, Magnani, B, Oliveri, M, Mangano, GR, Frassinetti, F, Magnani B., Oliveri M., Mangano GR., and Frassinetti F.

Subjects
Adult, Male, posterior parietal cortex, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Space, Time, Young Adult, Parietal Lobe, TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION (TMS), Humans, Attention, Time, space, TMS, prismatic adaptation, Analysis of Variance, Settore M-PSI/02 - Psicobiologia E Psicologia Fisiologica, Electroencephalography, General Medicine, Adaptation, Physiological, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Neurology, Space Perception, TMS, Female, Neurology (clinical), Photic Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Research Article, RC321-571
Abstract

1. Introduction. The existence of a spatial representation of time, where temporal intervals are represented on a mental temporal line (MTL), oriented in ascending order from left to right, was demonstrated manipulating spatial attention by means of Prismatic Adaptation (PA). In young healthy subjects, prisms adaptation inducing a rightward shift of spatialattention produced an overestimation of time intervals, whereas prisms adaptation inducing a leftward shift of spatialattention produced an underestimation of time intervals [4]. The aimof the present study was to investigate the neural basis mediating the effects of PA on spatial time representation. PosteriorParietalCortex (PPC) is the best candidate to discharge this function. Indeed, neuropsychological and neurophysiological studies designate rightPPC as the site of spacetime interaction [1,3,7]. Concerning the neural bases of PA procedures, left and rightPPC are involved in different phases of PA procedure [2,5, 6]. Here we investigated, by using TMS, the role of the PosteriorParietalCortex (PPC) in spatial representation of time and in cerebral plasticity phenomena mediating prismatic adaptation effects on time processing. To this aim, healthy subjects were submitted to a temporal task before and after PA. TMS was applied on left or right PPC, before or after PA. If the right (left) PPC is the key area leading the effects of PA on time, a reduced effect of PA on time is expected for TMS over right (left) PPC both before and after PA. If the right (left) PPC plays a role in PA procedure and not in mediating PA effects on time, the effect of TMS over right (left) PPC is expected for TMS applied before and not after PA.

Published
2010

35. The spatial representation of time

Author

Frassinetti, Francesca, Magnani, Barbara <1982>, Frassinetti, Francesca, and Magnani, Barbara <1982>

Abstract

Numerosi studi mostrano che gli intervalli temporali sono rappresentati attraverso un codice spaziale che si estende da sinistra verso destra, dove gli intervalli brevi sono rappresentati a sinistra rispetto a quelli lunghi. Inoltre tale disposizione spaziale del tempo può essere influenzata dalla manipolazione dell’attenzione-spaziale. La presente tesi si inserisce nel dibattito attuale sulla relazione tra rappresentazione spaziale del tempo e attenzione-spaziale attraverso l’uso di una tecnica che modula l’attenzione-spaziale, ovvero, l’Adattamento Prismatico (AP). La prima parte è dedicata ai meccanismi sottostanti tale relazione. Abbiamo mostrato che spostando l’attenzione-spaziale con AP, verso un lato dello spazio, si ottiene una distorsione della rappresentazione di intervalli temporali, in accordo con il lato dello spostamento attenzionale. Questo avviene sia con stimoli visivi, sia con stimoli uditivi, nonostante la modalità uditiva non sia direttamente coinvolta nella procedura visuo-motoria di AP. Questo risultato ci ha suggerito che il codice spaziale utilizzato per rappresentare il tempo, è un meccanismo centrale che viene influenzato ad alti livelli della cognizione spaziale. La tesi prosegue con l’indagine delle aree corticali che mediano l’interazione spazio-tempo, attraverso metodi neuropsicologici, neurofisiologici e di neuroimmagine. In particolare abbiamo evidenziato che, le aree localizzate nell’emisfero destro, sono cruciali per l’elaborazione del tempo, mentre le aree localizzate nell’emisfero sinistro sono cruciali ai fini della procedura di AP e affinché AP abbia effetto sugli intervalli temporali. Infine, la tesi, è dedicata allo studio dei disturbi della rappresentazione spaziale del tempo. I risultati ci indicano che un deficit di attenzione-spaziale, dopo danno emisferico destro, provoca un deficit di rappresentazione spaziale del tempo, che si riflette negativamente sulla vita quotidiana dei pazienti. Particolarmente interessanti sono i, Numerous studies showed that time intervals are represented via a spatial code ascending from left to right, where shorter intervals are represented to the left of longer intervals. There is also evidence that, this temporal-spatial line, can be manipulated by manipulating the spatial-attention direction. The present thesis contributes to the current debate on the relationship between spatial representation of time and spatial-attention by using a technique to modulate spatial-attention, i.e. Prismatic-Adaptation (PA). In a first part we wondered about the behavioral mechanisms of the spatial-attention and time interaction. We showed that a shift of spatial-attention toward a side of space by PA, induces a distortion of the representation of time stimuli according to the side of attentional manipulation. This is true for time stimuli presented in visual modality but also in auditory modality that is not directly involved in the visuo-motor procedure of PA. This results suggested that the spatial code used to represent time, is a very centralized representation that is affected by spatial operations at high levels of spatial cognition. We followed with the investigation of the cortical areas subtending the space-time interaction. With neuropsychological, neurophysiological and neuroimaging methods, we found that areas in the right hemisphere are selectively related to the pure processing of time, while areas in the left hemisphere are selectively related to the success of PA procedure and to the effects of PA on time. Finally, we focused on the study of the pathology of the spatial representation of time. We found that a spatial-attention deficit, following a right hemispheric stroke, induces a deficit in the spatial representation of time that reflects in patients’ daily life. Moreover we found that a PA treatment, effective in reducing the spatial-attention deficit, also reduces the spatial representation of time disorder, improving patients’ quality of life.

Published
2012

36. The impact of surgery in the treatment of lung metastases from malignant melanoma: analysis of prognostic factors and long term survival. (Controversies in thoracic surgery: 10:30am-12:00pm)

Author

Brega-Massone, Pier Paolo, Magnani, Barbara, Lequaglie, Cosimo, Gallino, Gianfrancesco, Ferro, Franca, Conti, Barbara, Belli, Filiberto, and Cataldo, Ignazio

Subjects
Health
Abstract

PURPOSE: In presence of malignant melanoma lung metastases it is very difficult to define which is the therapy of choice. The role of surgery in a multimodality treatment is nowadays [...]

Published
2002

44. Complication and long term survival after completion pneumonectomy for recurrent or second primary lung tumor. (Controversies in thoracic surgery: 10:30am-12:00pm)

Author

Brega-Massone, Pier Paolo, Lequaglie, Cosimo, Magnani, Barbara, Conti, Barbara, and Cataldo, Ignazio

Subjects
Health
Abstract

PURPOSE: During the follow up after a surgical resections for lung cancer, if a local relapse or new primary bronchogenic carcinoma is detected, a second operation should be attempted. Aim [...]

Published
2002

46. Habitat requirements of the bobwhite quail in northern Italy

Author

Meriggi, Alberto, Gariboldi, Armando, and Magnani, Barbara

Abstract

The habitat requirements of bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) were analyzed by correlation and multivariate analyses perfomed on density and habitat variables in order to understand why their introduction into Italy has been successful. Habitat selection was also studied by analysis of utilization-availability data. The presence of bobwhites was determined by the available surface area covered by woods and water, that were highly correlated variables. Densities were also positively influenced by these habitat variables and negatively influenced by crops (maize and rice) and field boundaries. Woods and uncultivated areas were selected all year round and crops were avoided both in breeding territories and winter home ranges. The bobwhites studied showed changes in habitat selection and requirements with respect to their original range, but maintained some fundamental preferences. It was observed that their presence and the population levels were mainly conditioned by the extent of winter cover.

Published
1992
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47. Neglect in temporal domain: Amelioration following a prismatic adaptation treatment and implications in everyday life. A single case study

Author

Alessandro Musetti, Barbara Magnani, Francesca Frassinetti, Magnani, Barbara, Musetti, Alessandro, and Frassinetti, Francesca

Subjects
Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, Bisection, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Single-subject design, Functional Laterality, 050105 experimental psychology, Session (web analytics), Neglect, Perceptual Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Time representation Neglect patients Prismatic adaptation Ecological impact, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Developmental and Educational Psychology, Humans, Attention, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Everyday life, media_common, 05 social sciences, Adaptation, Physiological, Interval (music), Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology, Feeling, Space Perception, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, psychological phenomena and processes, Cognitive psychology
Abstract

As in line bisection, in time bisection, neglect patients fail to process the first/left part of time representation (Mental-Time-Line-MTL) resulting in a rightward shift of the interval midpoint. A leftward shift of spatial attention after one session of prismatic-adaptation (PA) reduces this deficit. The impact on daily life of time deficit is little investigated in neglect. Here we study the time deficit and its ecological impact in an outpatient with neglect (LL) and the effects of a PA-treatment (ten sessions) on the deficit and its impact. Before and after PA-treatment, LL completed a: time-bisection-task assessing the MTL in the milliseconds-seconds range; lifespan-task assessing the MTL in the lifespan range; qualitative interview assessing the impact on daily routines. Patient’s performance on the tasks was compared with the performance of non-neurological controls. Before PA-treatment, LL showed a rightward shift in the time-bisection-task and a compression of life events distribution in the lifespan-task. The feeling “to be forward in time” emerged in the interview. The PA-treatment reduced the deficits in the tasks and the feeling “to be forward in time” in the interview. PA-treatment is suggested as a powerful instrument for the reduction of time deficit and its ecological impact in neglect patients.

Published
2021

48. Circadian organization of serum electrolytes in physiological aging.

Author

Trotti R, Rondanelli M, Cuzzoni G, Magnani B, Gabanti E, and Ferrari E

Subjects
Adaptation, Physiological physiology, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Calcium blood, Chlorides blood, Female, Humans, Male, Phosphorus blood, Potassium blood, Reference Values, Sodium blood, Aging blood, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Electrolytes blood
Abstract

Age-related structural and neurochemical changes occurring in the central nervous system have been related to changes in some rhythmometric parameters. In spite of their clinical importance, only a few studies have investigated the modifications over time of serum electrolytes in senescence. The aim of our study was to evaluate the circadian pattern of serum potassium, chloride, sodium, calcium and phosphorus in 30 clinically healthy elderly subjects, with no cognitive impairment, and to compare the findings with those given by 24 healthy young controls. The subjects were synchronized as regards their daily activities, sleeping/waking habits, time/quality of meals and dietary electrolyte intake. After an overnight fast, samples were taken beginning at 08.00 and every 4 h thereafter until 20.00, and every 2 h from 20.00 to 04.00. Both the young and the elderly subjects exhibited statistically significant circadian rhythms for all serum electrolytes considered. Our findings suggest that circadian organization of serum electrolytes is maintained in physiological aging, even though it should be noted that sodium and phosphorus acrophases differed significantly in the two experimental groups.

Published
2003

49. [Control of aerostasis in pulmonary metastasectomy by precision resection. Standard technique versus fibrin glue modification].

Author

Massone PP, Lequaglie C, Magnani B, Conti B, and Cataldo I

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, Child, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Drainage, Female, Humans, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Male, Middle Aged, Thoracotomy, Time Factors, Air, Fibrin Tissue Adhesive therapeutic use, Lung surgery, Lung Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

The control of aerostasis after performing non-anatomical pulmonary resections constitutes a serious problem. The presence of an air leak in the postoperative period requires a prolonged thoracic drainage and consequently a longer hospital stay. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of fibrin glue and its effectiveness in the prevention of air leaks. At the Department of Thoracic Surgery of the National Cancer Institute of Milan, we conducted a case-control study in 90 patients submitted to metastasectomy for secondary lung cancer, removing multiple small nodules < or = 1.5 cm using the precision resection technique. We divided the patients into two groups, both of 45 subjects: group 1 treated with fibrin glue and group 2 submitted to cauterization of the pulmonary parenchyma. The patient characteristics were well matched for age, type of approach and operation, number of resections performed and type of pathology. The assessment parameters investigated were the duration of the air leak, expected complications, drainage time and length of hospital stay. In group 1 we performed fewer than 5 precision resections in 21 cases, from 5 to 10 in 16, and more than 10 in 8. In group 2 we executed fewer than precision resections in 21 cases, from 5 to 10 in 17, and more than 10 in 7. In group 1 the duration of the air leak was 2.93 +/- 1.91 days as against 6.95 +/- 7.01 days in group 2 (p = 0.000). In group 1 we had one complication (2%) (a long-term air leak lasting > 10 days), while in group 2 we had a long-term air leak in 11 cases (24%) (p = 0.000). Mean thoracic drainage time was 4.22 +/- 1.43 days in group 1, and 8.13 +/- 7.37 in group 2 (p = 0.000). The mean postoperative hospital stay was 6.22 +/- 1.43 days in group 1 compared to 10.13 +/- 7.37 days in group 2 (p = 0.000). In the group of patients treated with fibrin glue we obtained a significant reduction in drainage time, complications and postoperative hospital stay. The results of our experience show that the use of fibrin glue in non-anatomical resections with a high risk of developing air leakage is effective in reducing the expected complications, with a favourable impact also on the quality of life of patients with metasases.

Published
2002

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