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Abstract The objective was to investigate the effect of co-administration of hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril as fixed dose combination on their intestinal absorption. The scope was extended to enhance intestinal absorption of both drugs. In situ rabbit intestinal absorption through the duodenum and jejuno-ileum was used to monitor membrane permeability of both drugs when perfused alone or in combination. Niosomes containing glycerols (glyceroniosomes) were loaded with both drugs. Glyceroniosomes comprised Span 60 or Tween 40 in combination with cholesterol and glycerol were prepared by bath sonication. Glyceroniosomes were characterized with respect to vesicle size, drug entrapment efficiency and were examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). The prepared vesicles were nanosized spherical vesicles with average size of 202.4 nm and 108.8 nm for span free and span containing glyceroniosomes, respectively. The recorded Zeta potential values suggested good stability of the prepared formulations. Intestinal absorption studies reflected incomplete absorption of hydrocholothiazide and lisinopril correlating with their categorization as class IV and III drugs, respectively. Co-perfusion of both drugs reduced the intestinal absorption of lisinopril. Simultaneous encapsulation in glyceroniosomes enhanced the intestinal absorption of both drugs. Tween based systems were more efficient. The study introduced glyceroniosomes as carriers of simultaneous delivery of hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril.

Introduction: Hemorrhagic shock demands swift intervention. Management involves the rapid infusion of blood products to restore circulation and uphold tissue perfusion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of prehospital plasma administration in trauma patients, comparing outcomes with normal saline. This was a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Methods: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline, searches were conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from August 1, 2018, to April 4, 2023. The PubMed search string included terms related to blood plasma, prehospital care, emergency medical services, and hemorrhagic shock: (Blood Plasma [MeSH Terms] OR fresh frozen plasma [MeSH Terms] OR plasma OR fresh frozen plasma OR FFP) AND (Prehospital OR emergency care, prehospital [MeSH Terms] OR prehospital emergency care [MeSH Terms] OR prehospital OR prehospital OR EMS OR emergency medical service [MeSH Terms]) AND (hemorrhagic shock [MeSH Terms] OR hemorrhage OR hemorrhage OR hemorrhagic shock OR hemorrhagic shock). Results from the trials were pooled using a random effects model, presented as risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: In the analysis of 760 patients from three studies, outcomes included mortality at 24 h and 28 days, multi-organ failure (MOF), acute lung injury, and vasopressor use within 24 h. Patients were divided into plasma (363) and normal saline (397) groups. Conclusion: There is no distinction between prehospital plasma administration and normal saline concerning mortality at 24 and 28 days or the need for vasopressors within 24 h. Moreover, plasma administration did not appear to influence rates of acute lung injury or MOF.

Abstract Although building information modelling (BIM) has been widely used in the building industry, its usage in infrastructure projects such as bridges has been very challenging. Extended Reality (XR) that simulates a construction project is still considered a new technology in the Architecture, Engineering, and Construction (AEC) industry. This paper investigates the viability of integrating both BIM and XR technologies into transportation infrastructure projects. A fully integrated workflow for introducing different XR, Augmented Reality (AR), and Virtual Reality (VR), and BIM technologies using different software for a case study of El-Merghani bridge, a reinforced concrete girder type bridge, was developed. The models for the bridge included GIS integration and geometric road design according to AASHTO, documentation, shop drawings and quantification were developed for the bridge. A hypothetical time schedule was generated in Oracle Primavera P6 elevating the BIM model to 4-D and developing VR and AR virtual experiences with the capability to investigate, visualize, and present the model in a virtual environment, at a high level of immersion. Additionally, the associated risk reduction for the considered XR technology was assessed using Monte Carlo simulation. The workflow and the detailed 3D models developed for the bridge along with the highly immersive VR and AR experiences have provided an interactive platform for engineers and different stakeholders to monitor the project during the design and construction phases. The risk analysis showed that significant cost savings can be achieved with the utilization of VR and AR technology in bridges construction.

Abstract Background The study aims to investigate the effect of combining silver nanoparticles (AGNPs) with different antibiotics on multi-drug resistant (MDR) and extensively drug resistant (XDR) isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and to investigate the mechanism of action of AGNPs. Methods AGNPs were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate using trisodium citrate and were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM) in addition to an assessment of cytotoxicity. Clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa were collected, and antimicrobial susceptibility was conducted. Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index was calculated, and bacteria were categorized as MDR or XDR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and AGNPs were determined. The mechanism of action of AGNPs was researched by evaluating their effect on biofilm formation, swarming motility, protease, gelatinase, and pyocyanin production. Real-time PCR was performed to investigate the effect on the expression of genes encoding various virulence factors. Results TEM revealed the spherical shape of AGNPs with an average particle size of 10.84 ± 4.64 nm. AGNPS were safe, as indicated by IC50 (42.5 µg /ml). The greatest incidence of resistance was shown against ciprofloxacin which accounted for 43% of the bacterial isolates. Heterogonous resistance patterns were shown in 63 isolates out of the tested 107. The MAR indices ranged from 0.077 to 0.84. Out of 63 P. aeruginosa isolates, 12 and 13 were MDR and XDR, respectively. The MIC values of AGNPs ranged from 2.65 to 21.25 µg /ml. Combination of AGNPs with antibiotics reduced their MIC by 5–9, 2–9, and 3-10Fold in the case of gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin, respectively, with synergism being evident. AGNPs produced significant inhibition of biofilm formation and decreased swarming motility, protease, gelatinase and pyocyanin production. PCR confirmed the finding, as shown by decreased expression of genes encoding various virulence factors. Conclusion AGNPs augment gentamicin, ceftazidime, and ciprofloxacin against MDR and XDR Pseudomonas isolates. The efficacy of AGNPs can be attributed to their effect on the virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. The combination of AGNPs with antibiotics is a promising strategy to attack resistant isolates of P. aeruginosa.

Abstract The use of deep learning for identifying defects in medical images has rapidly emerged as a significant area of interest across various medical diagnostic applications. The automated recognition of Posterior Fossa Tumors (PFT) in Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) plays a vital role, as it furnishes essential data about irregular tissue, essential for treatment planning. Human examination has traditionally been the standard approach for identifying defects in brain MRI. This technique is unsuitable for a massive quantity of data. Therefore, automated PFT detection techniques are being established to minimize radiologist's time. In this paper, the posterior fossa tumor is detected and classified in brain MRI using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithms, and the model result and accuracy obtained from each algorithm are explained. A dataset collection made up of 3,00,000 images with an average of 500 patients from the Children's Cancer Hospital Egypt (CCHE) was used. The CNN algorithms investigated to classify the PFT were VGG19, VGG16, and ResNet50. Moreover, explanations for the behavior of networks were investigated using three different techniques: LIME, SHAP, and ICE. Overall, the results showed that the best model was VGG16 compared with other CNN-used models with accuracy rate values of 95.33%, 93.25%, and 87.4%, respectively.

الملخص: أهداف البحث: التحمل القلبي الرئوي مهم للمشاركة بشكل مريح في أنشطة الحياة اليومية. تستخدم اختبارات التمرين، مثل اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق، بشكل شائع لتقييم القدرة على التحمل القلبي الرئوي. نحن نهدف إلى دراسة تأثيرات اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر والمعتمد على مختبر تحليل المشية في الوقت الحقيقي التفاعلي على الأداء الوظيفي. طريقة البحث: تم تقسيم ثلاثين رجلا أصحاء بشكل عشوائي إلى مجموعتين. أجرى المشاركون في المجموعة (أ) اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق على الممر، تليها فترة الراحة (ساعة واحدة)، وبعد ذلك، قاموا بإجراء اختبار المشي في الوقت الحقيقي للتحليل التفاعلي القائم على المشي لمدة ست دقائق. في المجموعة (ب)، أجرى المشاركون الاختبارات بتسلسل عكسي لتلك التي أجراها المشاركون في المجموعة (أ). النتائج: أدى اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر إلى زيادة كبيرة في مسافة ست دقائق سيرا على الأقدام (6 ميجاوات) وسرعة المشي لمدة ست دقائق مقارنة باختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على مختبر التحليل التفاعلي في الوقت الحقيقي. لم يلاحظ أي فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المجموعتين في أي من النتائج الثانوية التالية: ضغط الدم الانقباضي، وضغط الدم الانبساطي، وتشبع الأكسجين، ومعدل ضربات القلب، وضيق التنفس، والتعب العام. ولوحظ وجود علاقة إيجابية قوية بين مسافة اختبار المشي البالغة ست دقائق وسرعة اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق. الاستنتاجات: لا ينبغي استخدام اختبار المشي لمدة ست دقائق القائم على الممر واختبار المشي في الوقت الحقيقي للتحليل التفاعلي القائم على المختبر لمدة ست دقائق بشكل تبادلي. Abstract: Objective: Cardiopulmonary endurance is important for comfortably participating in activities of daily living. Exercise tests, such as the 6-minute walk test (6MWT), are commonly used to evaluate cardiopulmonary endurance. We investigated the effects of the Gait Real-Time Analysis Interactive Lab (GRAIL)- and corridor-based 6MWTs on functional performance. Methods: Thirty healthy men were randomly divided into two groups. Group A participants performed a corridor-based 6MWT, followed by a washout period (1 h). Subsequently, they performed the GRAIL-based 6MWT. Group B participants performed the tests in the reverse order of that performed by Group A participants. Results: The corridor-based 6MWT resulted in significantly higher 6MW distance and 6MW speed than the GRAIL-based 6MWT. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in any of the following secondary outcomes: systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, oxygen saturation, heart rate, dyspnea, and overall fatigue. A strong positive correlation was observed between the 6MW distance and 6MW speed. Conclusion: The corridor- and GRAIL-based 6MWT should not be used interchangeably.

Abstract The objective of the current study is to investigate the hydrogeochemistry of the Quaternary groundwater and evaluating its suitability for drinking and irrigation needs using statistical analysis, water quality indicators and physicochemical parameters, in west of the Nile Delta, Egypt. The study area has high population growth and agricultural activities, which require groundwater protection, and predicting probable environmental problems. For these reasons, 54 groundwater samples were collected during April 2021. Hierarchical cluster analysis, Pearson, and factor analysis used for statistical analysis. Biplots, Gibbs and Piper diagrams were used to infer the geochemical processes controlling groundwater chemistry. The groundwater is affected by silicate weathering, reveres ion exchange, dissolution of CO2, and recharge from the Nile. According to the WQICCME drinking value, the groundwater ranged between fair to marginal water quality. The distribution of integrated-weight water quality index of the samples, showed that it is excellent for irrigation (

Abstract In this study, a novel method for the fabrication of hesperidin/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (RGOH) with the assistance of gamma rays is reported. The different RGOHs were obtained by varying hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) solution. Hesperidin concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 wt.%) in graphene oxide (GO) were varied to produce the various RGOHs. Upon irradiation with 80 kGy from γ-Ray, the successful reduction of GO occurred in the presence of hesperidin. The reduction process was confirmed by different characterization techniques such as FTIR, XRD, HRTEM, and Raman Spectroscopy. A cytotoxicity study using the MTT method was performed to evaluate the cytotoxic-anticancer effects of arbitrary RGOH on Wi38, CaCo2, and HepG2 cell lines. The assessment of RGOH’s anti-inflammatory activity, including the monitoring of IL-1B and IL-6 activities as well as NF-kB gene expression was done. In addition, the anti-invasive and antimetastatic properties of RGOH, ICAM, and VCAM were assessed. Additionally, the expression of the MMP2-9 gene was quantified. The assessment of apoptotic activity was conducted by the detection of gene expressions related to BCl2 and P53. The documentation of the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 signaling pathway was ultimately accomplished. The findings of our study indicate that RGOH therapy has significant inhibitory effects on the JNK/SMAD4/MMP2 pathway. This suggests that it could be a potential therapeutic option for cancer.

Abstract Bosentan is a drug used to treat pulmonary hypertension via dual endothelial receptor antagonism. Bosentan has a restricted oral bioavailability, a problem that's mostly due to poor solubility and hepatic metabolism. It is extensively used for the elderly and children who require a friendly dosage form like orodispersible tablets. So, the goal of this research work was to hasten the dissolution rate of bosentan to produce an orodispersible tablet with immediate drug release. Bosentan was exposed to ethanol-assisted kneading with a rise of xylitol or menthol concentrations (1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio of bosentan with excipient). In addition to observing the dissolution behavior, the resulting dry products were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential thermal analysis (DTA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR reflected possible hydrogen bonding with xylitol and menthol. DSC studies reflected a reduction in the enthalpy and Tm. These results with XRD data reflected partial co-amorphization in the case of xylitol and eutaxia in the case of menthol. These modifications were related to an accelerated dissolving rate. The developed systems were fabricated as orodispersible tablets which exhibited immediate release of bosentan. Thus, the current study offered simple co-processing for the preparation of orodispersible bosentan tablets.

Ahmed Mohamed El-Maghraby,1 Yassir Edrees Almalki,2 Mohammad Abd Alkhalik Basha,1 Mohamad Gamal Nada,1 Fatma El Ahwany,1 Sharifa Khalid Alduraibi,3 Shaker Hassan S Alshehri,4 Asim S Aldhilan,3 Ziyad A Almushayti,3 Alaa K Alduraibi,3 Mervat Aboualkheir,5 Osama Attia,6 Mona M Amer,7 Ahmed M Abdelkhalik Basha,8 Ibrahim M Eladl1 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; 2Division of Radiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College, Najran University, Najran, 61441, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University, Madinah, 42361 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; 7Department of Neurology, Faculty of Human Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt; 8Faculty of General Medicine, Saint Petersburg State University, Egypt Branch, Cairo, 11646, EgyptCorrespondence: Yassir Edrees Almalki, Email yealmalki@nu.edu.saPurpose: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a common condition characterized by compression of the median nerve (MN) within the carpal tunnel. Accurate diagnosis and assessment of CTS severity are crucial for appropriate management decisions. This study aimed to investigate the combined diagnostic utility of B-mode ultrasound (US) and shear wave elastography (SWE) for assessing the severity of CTS in comparison to electrodiagnostic tests (EDT).Materials and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted over 9-month periods at a tertiary care hospital. A total of 48 patients (36 females, 12 males; mean age 44 ± 10.9 years; age range 28– 57 years) with clinically suspected CTS were enrolled. All patients underwent EDT, US, and SWE. Based on the EDT results, CTS cases were categorized into four groups: mild, moderate, severe, and negative. The cross-sectional area (CSA) and elasticity (E) of the MN were measured at the tunnel inlet (CSAu and Eu) and pronator quadratus region (CSAo and Eo). The differences (CSAu-CSAo and Eu-Eo) were calculated. The primary outcomes were the diagnostic performance of CSAu, CSAu-CSAo, Eu, and Eu-Eo in differentiating moderate/severe from mild/negative CTS compared to EDT findings. Secondary outcomes included a correlation of US/SWE parameters with EDT grades and between each other. ANOVA, correlation, regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed.Results: CSAu and CSAu–CSAo increased progressively with worsening CTS severity. E measurements were significantly higher in moderate-to-severe CTS compared to mild or negative cases. The combined metric of CSAu-CSAo at a 5 mm threshold exhibited enhanced performance, with a higher sensitivity (83.3%), specificity (100%), and area under the curve (AUC) (0.98), surpassing the results of CSAu when used independently. Similarly, the SWE measurements indicated that Eu-Eo at a 56.1kPa cutoff achieved an AUC of 0.95, with a sensitivity of 93.3% and specificity of 94.4%, outperforming the metrics for Eu when used alone, which had an AUC of 0.93, with identical sensitivity and specificity values (93.3% and 94.4%, respectively).Conclusion: The integration of ultrasound, shear wave elastography, and electrodiagnostic tests provides a comprehensive approach to evaluate anatomical and neurological changes and guide management decisions for CTS.Keywords: carpal tunnel syndrome, median never, ultrasound, shear wave elastography

The study assessed the efficacy of parsley and dill essential oils (EOs) nanocapsules incorporated into fermented milk in hepato-renal protection against specific food additives. A molecular docking assay was conducted between parsley and dill EOs bioactive molecules and inflammatory cytokines. Freeze-dried parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules were developed, characterized for their morphological structure, particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency and assessed in fast green dye and sodium benzoate (SB) combination-treated rats. The docking results revealed that the primary constituents of parsley and dill EOs (apiol, myristicin, α-pinene, (−)-carvone, and d-limonene) interacted with the active sites of TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-1β cytokines with hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. D-limonene had the highest binding affinity (6.4 kcal/mol) for the TNF-α. Apiol and myristicin had the highest binding affinity (5.1, 5.0, 5.0 and 5.0 kcal/mol, respectively) for the IL-1β and TGF-β1 receptors. Biochemically and histopathologically, the excessive co-administration of fast green and SB revealed adverse effects on the liver and the kidney. Whereas the treatment with parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules afford hepato-renal protective effects as manifested by suppression the elevated liver and kidney functions. Parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules showed a significant reduction of the liver (64.08 and 80.5 pg/g, respectively) and kidney (59.3 and 83.6 pg/g, respectively) ROS. Moreover, parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules down-regulated the liver and the kidney inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and TGF-1β) and lipid peroxidation and up-regulated the antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, the data suggest a potential hepato-renal protective effects of parsley and dill EOs nanocapsules.

In this study, V2O5 nanoparticles were synthesized via facile method by annealing ammonium meta vanadate at 450 °C for 1 h. The resulting nanoparticles were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy to investigate their structural and morphological properties. The optical properties of the prepared samples were examined using UV–VIS spectrophotometry. The XRD measurements indicated an orthorhombic V2O5 structure with an average crystallite size of 21.34 nm as calculated using the Debye-Scherrer formula. The synthesized V2O5 nanoparticles showed a plate like rod structure with an average size around 55 nm through TEM and HRTEM analysis. The Urbach energy (Eu) of V2O5 was calculated to be 1.07ev. The V2O5 nano-adsorbents were tested for their effectiveness in the selective removal of MB from an aqueous medium, as well vehicle exhaust and soot of ink from non-aqueous media. During the adsorption process, the impact of several factors including time, adsorbent dose, and different initial concentrations were investigated. Equilibrium adsorption isotherms were evaluated using Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir model was found to be a better fit for the adsorption equilibrium, with correlation coefficients of 0.915, 0.904, and 0.912 for MB, vehicle exhaust, and soot of ink, respectively. The experimental kinetic results of V2O5 were found to fit the pseudo-second-order model for both aqueous and non-aqueous media with a higher correlation factor indicating chemisorption during the adsorption process.

Abstract AP2 (APETALA2)/EREBP (ethylene-responsive element-binding protein), cytochrome c oxidase (COX) and nonspecific lipid transfer proteins (LTP) play important roles in the response to drought stress. This is the first study to identify the COX gene in Zea mays L. via genome-wide analysis. The qRT‒PCR results indicated that AP2/EREBP, COX and LTP were downregulated, with fold changes of 0.84, 0.53 and 0.31, respectively, after 12 h of drought stress. Genome-wide analysis identified 78 AP2/EREBP, 6 COX and 10 LTP genes in Z. mays L. Domain analysis confirmed the presence of the AP2 domain, Cyt_c_Oxidase_Vb domain and nsLTP1 in the AP2/EREBP, COX and LTP proteins, respectively. The AP2/EREBP protein family (AP2) includes five different domain types: the AP2/ERF domain, the EREBP-like factor (EREBP), the ethylene responsive factor (ERF), the dehydration responsive element binding protein (DREB) and the SHN SHINE. Synteny analysis of the AP2/EREBP, COX and LTP genes revealed collinearity orthologous relationships in O. sativa, H. vulgare and A. thaliana. AP2/EREBP genes were found on the 10 chromosomes of Z. mays L. COX genes were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 8. LTP genes were found on chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 8, 9 and 10. In the present study, the Ka/Ks ratios of the AP2/EREBP paralogous pairs indicated that the AP2/EREBP genes were influenced primarily by purifying selection, which indicated that the AP2/EREBP genes received strong environmental pressure during evolution. The Ka/Ks ratios of the COX-3/COX-4 paralogous pairs indicate that the COX-3/COX-4 genes were influenced primarily by Darwinian selection (driving change). For the LTP genes, the Ka/Ks ratios of the LTP-1/LTP-10, LTP-5/LTP-3 and LTP-4/LTP-8 paralogous pairs indicate that these genes were influenced primarily by purifying selection, while the Ka/Ks ratios of the LTP-2/LTP-6 paralogous pairs indicate that these genes were influenced primarily by Darwinian selection. The duplication time of the AP2/EREBP paralogous gene pairs in Z. mays L. ranged from approximately 9.364 to 100.935 Mya. The duplication time of the COX-3/COX-4 paralogous gene pair was approximately 5.217 Mya. The duplication time of the LTP paralogous gene pairs ranged from approximately 19.064 to 96.477 Mya. The major focus of research is to identify the genes that are responsible for drought stress tolerance to improve maize for drought stress tolerance. The results of the present study will improve the understanding of the functions of the AP2/EREBP, COX and LTP genes in response to drought stress.

Abstract Background Workers in the field of radiation therapy are exposed to radiation hazards, and it is necessary to take precautions to limit the radiation dose to nursing staff and physicists. Objective To evaluate the external dose rate (EDR), effective whole-body dose (EHD) and hand equivalent dose (HED) for facilitating staff from radioiodine-131 (RAI-131) ablation therapy patients. Methods One hundred and eighty patients were selected from two radiotherapy centers in Cairo, Egypt in this study and divided into three groups, Group-A, Group-B and Group-C according to administered activities of (RAI-131) of 3700 MBq, 4440 MBq and 5550 MBq for ablation therapy patients respectively. The EDR, EHD and HED were measured using electronic dosimeters. Results The average EDR were 79.1 ± 12.1, 22.7 ± 8.5, 7.0 ± 4.0, 2.9 ± 1.3 and 1.9 ± .9.0 μSv h−1 for group-A, and about 87.8 ± 14.0, 25.6 ± 9.0, 8.1 ± 5.0, 3.4 ± 2.0 and 2.4 ± 1.0 μSv h−1 for group-B and were 93.5 ± 17.0, 31.6 ± 11.0, 10.1 ± 7.0, 4.7 ± 3.0 and 3.4 ± 1.5 μSv h−1 for group-C at 2 h, second, third, fourth and fifth days, respectively after administration of RAI-131. The average annual effective doses were 2.76 ± 0.09 and 1.55 ± 0.05 mSv at center 1, and were about 2.96 ± 0.09 and 1.71 ± 0.06 mSv at center 2 for physicists and nurses, respectively. Conclusion The EDR as well as the EHD and the HED received by radiation therapy workers up to the fifth day of administered activity RAI-131 were within the limits of values recommended by the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP).

Abstract Background Several studies have suggested a causal link between acute kidney injury and the consequent development of chronic kidney disease. The severity, frequency, and duration of acute injury are key factors in this process. Aims This study aimed to determine the epidemiology and outcomes of AKI to CKD transition in critically ill adult patients and to study the role of Serpin-A3 in the early recognition of AKI to CKD transition. Methods In this prospective observational study, a total of 252 patients attending Assiut University Hospitals Critical Care Unit and developed AKI during their stay were recruited. Serum and urinary Serpin A3 were measured by ELISA Kit. Complete blood picture, kidney function tests, urine analysis, serum electrolytes (serum sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium), liver function test, coagulation profile, C-reactive protein, 24-h urinary protein or urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, abdominal ultrasound were assessed for all the recruited participants. Follow-up was done for three consecutive months and after 3 months using serum creatinine, BUN, and serum potassium. Results It was found that old age is a risk factor for CKD following AKI, i.e., with 1-year increase in the patient’s age, there was 3% increase in the chance of transition. Significant association was found between rate of comorbidity and transition status. Also, cases with either infection or IV radio contrast exposure were 2.8 and 6.5 times more liable for transition. Cases with transition in this study had significantly higher renal function parameters. Higher median levels of Serpin A3 either serum or urinary was reported in transition patients. Improvement was reported in two-third of those without transition, and higher mortality rate was recorded in those without transition. Conclusion The frequency of transition was 20%. Older age, male gender, cardiac and CVS disease, the presence of infection, higher BUN and creatinine level, higher median K and PO4 levels, and higher median levels of Serpin A3 are risk factors for transition from AKI to CKD.

Abstract Phenolic compound even at low concentrations, are considered to be priority pollutants due to their significant toxicity. Electrospinning was used to create a polyacrylonitril (PAN) nanofiber, which was then impregnated with graphene oxide (GO). After a preliminary investigation into the electrospinning parameters (e.g., using various voltages and polymer concentrations), the electrospun nanofibres were tuned, this study evaluated the effectiveness of these materials in removing phenolic compounds from wastewater through adsorption. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used to analyze the synthesized nanofiber mats. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed that the structure of nanofiber mats was altered by the addition of graphene oxide (GO) in different ratios. Specifically, the surface of the fibres exhibited increased roughness, and the diameter of the fibres also experienced an increase. The average diameter of the fibres was measured to be (134.9 ± 21.43 nm) for the PAN/2.5% GO composite and (198 ± 33.94 nm) for the PAN/5% GO composite. FTIR spectra of the PAN/GO nanocomposites nanofiber displayed distinct peaks associated with graphene oxide (GO). These included a wide peak at 3400 cm−1, related to the presence of hydroxyl (O–H) groups, as well as peaks on 1600 as well as 1000 cm−1, which indicated the existence of epoxy groups. In this study response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented. To enhance the efficiency of removing substances, it is necessary to optimise parameters such as pH, contact time, and dosage of the adsorbent. The optimum pH for removing phenol via all nanofiber mats was determined to be 7, while at a dose of 2 mg dose adsorbents maximum removals for pure PAN, PAN/2.5 GO, and PAN/5 GO were 61.3941, 77.2118, and 92.76139%, respectively. All the adsorbents obey Langmuir isotherm model, and the empirical adsorption findings were fitted with the second-order model kinetically, also non-linear Elovich model. The maximal monolayer adsorption capacities for PAN, PAN/2.5 GO, and PAN/5 GO were found to be 57.4, 66.18, and 69.7 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamic studies discovered that the adsorption of phenol on all adsorbents nanofiber mats was exothermic, the adsorption of phenol on nanofiber mats decreases as the temperature increases. All the adsorbents exhibit negative enthalpy and entropy. The PAN/GO composite's superior phenol removal suggested that it could be used as a latent adsorbent for efficient phenol removal from water and wastewater streams.