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In this study, we investigate an optimized design of ZnO/BaZrS3/BaZr1−0.95Ti0.05S3 chalcogenide perovskites solar cells using a theoretical model that considers different recombination mechanisms effect in terms of bulk recombination, interface recombination and tunneling enhanced recombination. The influence of thickness and doping of both window and absorber layers, as well as the absorber band gap, was investigated using the proposed model. The model was validated through numerical simulations, showing a good agreement. The proposed model is utilized as the fitness criterion within the MOPSO framework to optimize the solar cell performance. The optimized design achieved an efficiency of 12.26%, outperforming the conventional design with an efficiency of 8.66%. This significant improvement underscores the effectiveness of tuning band alignment at the interface and also to the global design optimization strategy in enhancing the performance of chalcogenide perovskite solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Prandtl number on entropy generation in natural convection under an external uniform magnetic field for different electrically conducting fluids, from liquid metal to liquid passing through gas, in square cavity is numerically studied in steady-unsteady states by solving the mass, the momentum and the energy conservation equations. Entropy generation depends on three parameters which are: the Prandtl, the Hartmann and the thermal Grashof numbers. Effects of these parameters on total and local irreversibilities as well as on heat transfer and fluid flow are studied. It was found that the magnetic field tends to decrease the convection currents, the heat transfer and entropy generation inside the enclosure. The effect of Prandtl number tends to increase the heat transfer, on the other hand tends to decrease the entropy generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper numerically investigates the effect of an externally evanescent magnetic field on flow patterns and heat transfer of fluid in a square cavity. The horizontal walls of the enclosure are assumed to be insulated while the vertical walls are kept isothermal. A control volume finite element method is used to solve the conservation equations. The effect of constant Hartmann number on Nusselt number was studied. Validation tests with existing data demonstrate the aptitude of the present method to produce accurate results. The effects of inclination magnetic field angle from 0° to 90° on streamlines distributions are shown for different value of Hartmann number. For Grashof number equal to 105, the values of relaxation time of the magnetic field are chosen, so that the Lorentz force acts only during the startup transient of the natural convection flow. The Nusselt number was calculated for different values of the inverse relaxation time varying from 0 to +∞. The magnitude and the number of oscillations of the Nusselt number were observed. It has been found that no oscillation was seen at relaxation time equal to 20. Stream lines maps are plotted for different values of dimensionless time. The effect of relaxation time on the transition from single-cell to double-cell configuration was observed [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]