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1. Training DNN Models over Heterogeneous Clusters with Optimal Performance

Author

Nie, Chengyi, Maghakian, Jessica, and Liu, Zhenhua

Subjects
Computer Science - Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
Abstract

Adjusting batch sizes and adaptively tuning other hyperparameters can significantly speed up deep neural network (DNN) training. Despite the ubiquity of heterogeneous clusters, existing adaptive DNN training techniques solely consider homogeneous environments. Optimizing distributed DNN training over heterogeneous clusters is technically challenging, and directly adapting existing techniques results in low utilization and poor performance. To solve this problem, we introduce Cannikin -- a novel data-parallel distributed training system. Cannikin achieves efficient and near-optimal performance by accurately modeling the optimal system performance and predicting adaptive batch size training metrics for DNNs in heterogeneous clusters. We implemented Cannikin in PyTorch and conducted experiments over 16 GPUs in Chameleon. Empirical results show that Cannikin reduces DNN training in heterogeneous clusters by up to $52\%$ compared to the state-of-the-art adaptive training system and up to $85\%$ compared to native PyTorch DistributedDataParallel.

Published
2024

2. Personalized Reward Learning with Interaction-Grounded Learning (IGL)

Author

Maghakian, Jessica, Mineiro, Paul, Panaganti, Kishan, Rucker, Mark, Saran, Akanksha, and Tan, Cheng

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Retrieval
Abstract

In an era of countless content offerings, recommender systems alleviate information overload by providing users with personalized content suggestions. Due to the scarcity of explicit user feedback, modern recommender systems typically optimize for the same fixed combination of implicit feedback signals across all users. However, this approach disregards a growing body of work highlighting that (i) implicit signals can be used by users in diverse ways, signaling anything from satisfaction to active dislike, and (ii) different users communicate preferences in different ways. We propose applying the recent Interaction Grounded Learning (IGL) paradigm to address the challenge of learning representations of diverse user communication modalities. Rather than requiring a fixed, human-designed reward function, IGL is able to learn personalized reward functions for different users and then optimize directly for the latent user satisfaction. We demonstrate the success of IGL with experiments using simulations as well as with real-world production traces., Comment: ICLR 2023

Published
2022

5. Drowning incidents in urban rivers: An underestimated issue with future challenges in need of an interdisciplinary database to characterise its epidemiology

Author

Célia Maghakian, Oldrich Navratil, Jean-Marie Zanot, Nicolas Rivière, and Anne Honegger

Subjects
Epidemiology, River bathing, Suicide, Bridge jump, River rescue, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In recent decades, the recreational use of urban rivers has become popular, and public access to riverbanks has improved. However, in the context of global warming, the risk of drowning in urban rivers may increase. The objective of this study is to examine drownings in the Rhone and Saone rivers in Lyon (France) and to identify risk factors, hot spots and high-risk moments using an environmental database.A total of 386 fatal and non-fatal drownings occurred in Lyon on the Rhone and Saone rivers between 2015 and 2021. The analyses identify that, universally, most drowning victims are men (68 %) and young adults (37 %). More drownings occur in the summer period (45 %). There are also hot spots near the city centre and in urban river parks. Three types of drownings are characterised by using principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering on principal components (HCPC) methods. These groups are distinguished by hydrological and meteorological conditions, as well as by the seasonality and circumstances of the incident. The first group (G1) corresponds to drownings that occur on cold winter days, with high water flows and turbidity. The second group (G2) corresponds to drownings that resulted from bridge jumping in a festive context or a challenge between friends. These drownings occur on autumn days with interesting hydrological conditions (low flow and clear water). The last group (G3) groups together drownings that occurred while a victim is swimming in an unsupervised area. These drownings occur during the summer on very hot days. Finally, a multiple logistic regression method showed that the average daily outdoor temperature was positively correlated with the occurrence of drowning in Lyon (p

Published
2024
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7. Comparison of Questionnaire and Performance‐Based Physical Frailty Scales to Predict Survival and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure

Author

Joseph Somech, Aayushi Joshi, Rita Mancini, Jessica Chetrit, Caroline Michel, Richard Sheppard, Viviane Nguyen, Mathieu Walker, Nadia Giannetti, Abhinav Sharma, Delina Maghakian, Esther Laforest, and Jonathan Afilalo

Subjects
frailty, health‐related quality of life, heart failure, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Background Frailty is prevalent in older adults with heart failure and is associated with poor outcomes; however, there remains uncertainty on how to measure frailty in clinical practice. Methods and Results A multicentric prospective cohort study was assembled at 4 heart failure clinics to compare the prognostic value of 3 physical frailty scales in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Outcomes were all‐cause death or hospitalization and health‐related quality of life using the 36‐Item Short Form survey questionnaire (SF‐36) at 3 months. Multivariable regression was adjusted for age, sex, Meta‐Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure score, and baseline SF‐36 score. The cohort included 215 patients (mean age 77.6 years). All 3 frailty scales were independently associated with death or hospitalization at 3 months; the adjusted odds ratios standardized per 1 SD worsening of the Short Physical Performance Battery; Fried, and strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls scales were 1.67 (95% CI, 1.09–2.55), 1.60 (95% CI, 1.04–2.46), and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.03–2.35), respectively, with C statistics of 0.77 to 0.78. All 3 frailty scales were independently associated with worsening SF‐36 scores, especially the Short Physical Performance Battery, for which 1 SD worsening of frailty translated to a decrement of −5.86 (−8.55 to −3.17) and −5.51 (−7.82 to −3.21) points in the Physical Component Score and Mental Component Score. Conclusions All 3 physical frailty scales were associated with death, hospitalization, and reduced health‐related quality of life in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Questionnaire or performance‐based physical frailty scales can be used to offer prognostic value and a therapeutic target in this vulnerable population. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03887351.

Published
2023
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15. Online Resource Allocation with Noisy Predictions

Author

Jessica Maghakian

Subjects
Computer Networks and Communications, Hardware and Architecture, Software
Abstract

Brief Biography: Jessica Maghakian is a final-year PhD candidate in Operations Research at Stony Brook University. She has collaborated with several industry partners and interned at Microsoft Research NYC. Jessica's research combines data-driven decision making with traditional online algorithms approaches to solve challenging resource allocation problems that arise in IT infrastructure systems. Her work has been awarded an NSF Graduate Research Fellowship, a Stony Brook University STRIDE Fellowship for excellence in visualization, science communication and decision-support, and a Best Paper Nomination at ACM e-Energy. She received her Bachelors of Science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) with a double major in Mathematics and Brain and Cognitive Sciences.

Published
2022

16. Comparison of Questionnaire and Performance‐Based Physical Frailty Scales to Predict Survival and Health‐Related Quality of Life in Patients With Heart Failure

Author

Somech, Joseph, primary, Joshi, Aayushi, additional, Mancini, Rita, additional, Chetrit, Jessica, additional, Michel, Caroline, additional, Sheppard, Richard, additional, Nguyen, Viviane, additional, Walker, Mathieu, additional, Giannetti, Nadia, additional, Sharma, Abhinav, additional, Maghakian, Delina, additional, Laforest, Esther, additional, and Afilalo, Jonathan, additional

Published
2023
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18. Online peak-aware energy scheduling with untrusted advice

Author

Jian Li, Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili, Zhenhua Liu, Jessica Maghakian, Russell Lee, and Ramesh K. Sitaraman

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Competitive analysis, Deterministic algorithm, Computer science, Pareto principle, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Grid, 01 natural sciences, Randomized algorithm, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, Robustness (computer science), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Online algorithm, Advice (complexity)
Abstract

This paper studies the online energy scheduling problem in a hybrid model where the cost of energy is proportional to both the volume and peak usage, and where energy can be either locally generated or drawn from the grid. Inspired by recent advances in online algorithms with Machine Learned (ML) advice, we develop parameterized deterministic and randomized algorithms for this problem such that the level of reliance on the advice can be adjusted by a trust parameter. We then analyze the performance of the proposed algorithms using two performance metrics: robustness that measures the competitive ratio as a function of the trust parameter when the advice is inaccurate, and consistency for competitive ratio when the advice is accurate. Since the competitive ratio is analyzed in two different regimes, we further investigate the Pareto optimality of the proposed algorithms. Our results show that the proposed deterministic algorithm is Pareto-optimal, in the sense that no other online deterministic algorithms can dominate the robustness and consistency of our algorithm. Furthermore, we show that the proposed randomized algorithm dominates the Pareto-optimal deterministic algorithm. Our large-scale empirical evaluations using real traces of energy demand, energy prices, and renewable energy generations highlight that the proposed algorithms outperform worst-case optimized algorithms and fully data-driven algorithms.

Published
2021

20. IMPACT OF PHYSICAL FRAILTY ON SURVIVAL AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN HEART FAILURE PATIENTS

Author

Somech, Joseph, primary, Joshi, Aayushi, additional, Mancini, Rita, additional, Chetrit, Jessica, additional, Michel, Caroline, additional, Sheppard, Richard J., additional, Nguyen, Viviane, additional, Walker, Mathieu A., additional, Gianetti, Nadia, additional, Sharma, Abhinav, additional, Laforest, Esther, additional, Maghakian, Delina, additional, and Afilalo, Jonathan, additional

Published
2022
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22. Long-Term Outcomes Among Participants in the WEGENT Trial of Remission-Maintenance Therapy for Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegenerʼs) or Microscopic Polyangiitis

Author

Puéchal, Xavier, Pagnoux, Christian, Perrodeau, Élodie, Hamidou, Mohamed, Boffa, Jean-Jacques, Kyndt, Xavier, Lifermann, François, Papo, Thomas, Merrien, Dominique, Smail, Amar, Delaval, Philippe, Hanrotel-Saliou, Catherine, Imbert, Bernard, Khouatra, Chahéra, Lambert, Marc, Leské, Charles, Ly, Kim H., Pertuiset, Edouard, Roblot, Pascal, Ruivard, Marc, Subra, Jean-François, Viallard, Jean-François, Terrier, Benjamin, Cohen, Pascal, Mouthon, Luc, Le Jeunne, Claire, Ravaud, Philippe, Guillevin, Loïc, Rispal, P., Baidi, N., Chrétien, O., Cevallos, R., Ducroix, J.-P., Darmaillacq, J.-G., Dubas, F., Maghakian, M.-N., Moreau, C., Dubos-Arvis, C., Frognier, R., Gobert, P., Pollini, J., Pingat, D., Janin-Manificat, L., Lafon, B., Kettaneh, A., Moiton, M., Ragnaud, J. M., Boudray, C., Raphanel, B., Renand, J.-P., Roux, M., Bonnaire, G., Guiso, A., André, J. M., Perrichot, R., Louvet, J., Artigues, N., Bienvenu, B., de Ligny, Hurault B., Le Hello, C., Letellier, P., Lobbedez, T., Ollivier, Y., Pujo, M., Ryckelynck, J.-P., Montseny, J.-J., Collet, P., Ayach, B., Dion, J.-J., Mouawad, H., Damade, R., Dupouët, L., Asgaraly, K., Depernet, B., Colin, T., Ioos, V., Rieu, V., Belmatoug, N., Foulon, L., Jebrak, G., du Coedic, L., Bachmeyer, C., Dumoulin, A., Godeau, B., Khellaf, M., Michel, M., Pastural, M., Schaeffer, A., Geffroy, M., Bielefeld, P., Fichet, D., Saraux, J.-L., Vinzio, S., Ehrlacher, P., Azria, A., Mariette, X., Tiab, M., Delansorne, D., Boullanger, N., Closs-Prophette, F., Goldstein, A., Bouscaud, L., Meunier, V., Hachulla, E., Hatron, P.-Y., Launay, D., Hottelart, C., Liozon, E., Longuet, O., Loustaud-Ratti, V., Soria, P., Vidal, E., Geffray, L., Henri, P., Landru, I., Guillemot, J.-M., Le Noach, J., Cordier, J.-F., Cottin, V., Gentil, B., Demolombe-Rague, S., Girard-Madoux, M.-H., Ninet, J., Pinède, L., Meynieux, J.-P., Serratrice, J., Xeridat, B., Bagnères, D., Roudier, J., Denis, B., Boillet, N., Geraads, A., Teyssandier, R., Degraeve, F., Le Quellec, A., Rivière, S., Rogé, C., Fauchay, J.-P., Wahl, D., Agard, C., Généreau, T., Meker, D., Bensakel, S., Vecina, F., Aubier, M., Foulon, G., Lelièvre, P., Lidove, O., Mignon, F., Meyer, O., Piperaud, M., Queffeulou, G., Vrtovsnik, F., Aouba, A., Arène, J.-P., Bérezné, A., Le Guern, V., Amoura, Z., Benveniste, O., Dimitri, D., Huong, Lê Thi D., Bergeron, A., Bourgarit, A., Farge, D., Mahr, A., Martinez, F., Séréni, D., Aslangul, E., Arnal, C., Cadranel, J., Daugas, E., Pelle, G., Rossert, J., Wislez, M., Gayraud, M., Bruet, A., Hillion, Y., Paccalin, M., Léone, J., Pennaforte, J.-L., Barbier, S., Legallicier, B., Dominique, S., Charasse, C., Coëtmeur, D., Duhamel, E., Goulias, J.-P., Bournerias, F., Gautherie, P., Schlienger, J.-L., Vidal, A., Diot, E., Diot, P., Vanhille, P., Bindi, P., and Cervantes, G.

Published
2016
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24. Academic achievement across the day: Evidence from randomized class schedules

Author

Kevin M. Williams and Teny Maghakian Shapiro

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Schedule, Higher education, business.industry, education, 05 social sciences, Applied psychology, 050301 education, Cognition, Academic achievement, Human capital, Teacher quality, Standard deviation, Education, 0502 economics and business, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, 050207 economics, business, Grading (education), Psychology, 0503 education
Abstract

This study expands our understanding of how school day schedules affect achievement. We focus on three aspects related to scheduling: student fatigue, time of instruction, and instructor schedules. Data cover five academic years at the United States Air Force Academy, where schedules are randomized, grading is standardized, and there is substantial variance in schedule structure. Analyzing over 180,000 student-course outcomes, we find causal evidence of cognitive fatigue brought on by scheduling multiple courses in a row. The expected performance of two students in the same class may differ by as much as 0.15 standard deviations simply owing to their prior schedules. All else equal, students perform better in the afternoon than in the early morning. We also note that instruction improves with repetition. Heterogeneous effects by ability suggest that overall gains are possible. Prioritizing certain schedules would be equivalent to improving teacher quality by one-third of a standard deviation. A reorganization of students’ daily school schedules is a promising and potentially low-cost educational intervention.

Published
2018

25. Leveraging Different Types of Predictors for Online Optimization (Invited Paper)

Author

Russell Lee, Jessica Maghakian, Jian Li, Zhenhua Liu, Ramesh K. Sitaraman, and Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili

Subjects
Prediction algorithms, Exploit, Online optimization, Computer engineering, Computer science, Bandwidth (computing), Ranging, Minification, Video streaming, Strengths and weaknesses
Abstract

Predictions have a long and rich history in online optimization research, with applications ranging from video streaming to electrical vehicle charging. Traditionally, different algorithms are evaluated on their performance given access to the same type of predictions. However, motivated by the problem of bandwidth cost minimization in large distributed systems, we consider the benefits of using different types of predictions. We show that the two different types of predictors we consider have complimentary strengths and weaknesses. Specifically, we show that one type of predictor has strong average-case performance but weak worst-case performance, while the other has weak average-case performance but strong worst-case performance. By using a learning-augmented meta-algorithm, we demonstrate that it is possible to exploit both types of predictors for strong performance in all scenarios.

Published
2021

29. Online Economic Dispatch with Volatile Renewable Generation and Ramping Costs

Author

Zhenhua Liu, Jessica Maghakian, and Joshua Comden

Subjects
Mathematical optimization, Model predictive control, Computer science, business.industry, Economic dispatch, Renewable generation, Regret, Electricity, Online algorithm, business, Average cost, Renewable energy
Abstract

As society demands that renewable energy be increasingly adopted into the mix of electricity generating resources, more efficient methods to dispatch controllable generators to power unmet demand become necessary. This is due to both the volatile nature of wind and solar resources and the difficulty to forecast their future generation outputs. Because of the heterogeneity in operational costs and ramping costs incurred by controllable generators to change their generation levels, the act of deciding how to meet the current unmet demand becomes nontrivial. To address this issue as cost-effectively as possible, we design an online algorithm that makes this decision using noisy forecasts of the future net demand and takes into account subsequent decisions. We prove its dynamic regret performance guarantee which upper bounds how much additional cost can possibly be incurred compared to the unrealistic, clairvoyant offline optimal solution. This dynamic regret bound is lower than that of Receding Horizon Control, a standard Model Predictive Control algorithm. The novel algorithm was tested using real-world traces from CAISO under the current renewable generation mix and future higher renewable generation levels. Our results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the widely used Receding Horizon Control in average cost and tail cost for both current and high levels of renewable penetration.

Published
2020

32. A Novel Particle Filter for High-Dimensional Systems Using Penalized Perturbations

Author

Zahraa Nayef Krayem, Monica F. Bugallo, Yousef El-Laham, and Jessica Maghakian

Subjects
High dimensional systems, Computer science, Inference, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Noise, Nonlinear system, Distribution (mathematics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Artificial noise, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, State (computer science), Particle filter, Algorithm
Abstract

In order to efficiently perform inference on high-dimensional nonlinear non-Gaussian state-space models using particle filtering, it is critical that particles are generated from the optimal proposal distribution. However, finding a closed-form to the optimal proposal proves to be difficult in practice, as many application problems do not satisfy the requirement of conjugate state and observation equations. In this paper, we overcome this challenge by designing a novel method that introduces conjugate artificial noise into the system and optimally perturbs the particles in a way that balances a bias-variance tradeoff. Our method is validated through extensive numerical simulations applied to a gene regulatory network problem, and results show better performance than that of state-of-the-art methods, especially in cases where the state noise is heavy-tailed.

Published
2019

33. Online optimization in the Non-Stationary Cloud: Change Point Detection for Resource Provisioning (Invited Paper)

Author

Zhenhua Liu, Joshua Comden, and Jessica Maghakian

Subjects
Computer science, business.industry, Distributed computing, Big data, Control (management), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Provisioning, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, Resource (project management), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Spike (software development), Online algorithm, business, Change detection
Abstract

The rapid mainstream adoption of cloud computing and the corresponding spike in the energy usage of big data systems make the efficient management of cloud computing resources a more pressing issue than ever before. To this end, numerous online algorithms such as Receding Horizon Control and Online Balanced Descent have been designed. However it is difficult for cloud service providers to select the best control algorithm dynamically for resource provisioning when confronted with consumer resource demands that are notoriously unpredictable and volatile. Furthermore, it highly possible that it might not be the case for any one algorithm to consistently perform well over the months-long contract period. In this paper, we first exemplify the need to address non-stationarity in cloud computing by showcasing traces from MS Azure. We then develop a novel meta-algorithm that combines change point detection and online optimization. The new algorithm is shown to outperform existing solutions in real-world trace-driven simulations.

Published
2019

35. Implications of stochastic recovery rates in evaluating CDO tranches

Author

Garcia, Tania, Maghakian, Arthur, and Sharma, Sanjay

Subjects
Collateralized debt obligations -- Research, Banking, finance and accounting industries, Business
Abstract

The binomial expansion technique (BET) originally proposed by Moody's has evolved as a standard technique financial institutions and other market participants use to rate tranches of collateralized bond obligations (CBOs) [...]

Published
2004

39. Missed signals: The effect of ACT college-readiness measures on post-secondary decisions

Author

Andrew Foote, Lisa Schulkind, and Teny Maghakian Shapiro

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Government, Higher education, business.industry, education, Causal effect, Face (sociological concept), Public relations, Education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, Regression discontinuity design, College enrollment, Resizing, business, Psychology
Abstract

In the face of shrinking government budgets and a growing need to train a high-skilled labor force, policymakers have become increasingly interested in cost-effective measures that induce more students to apply to and enroll in college. In this paper, we use a regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effect of students receiving information about their own college-readiness after taking the ACT on their subsequent college enrollment decisions. Using data from Colorado, where all high school students are required to take the ACT, we find that students who receive information that they are college-ready are no more likely to attend college than those that do not receive this information. We discuss possible reasons for these findings.

Published
2015

40. The Effects of Perceived Disease Risk and Access Costs on Infant Immunization

Author

Teny Maghakian Shapiro, Lisa Schulkind, and Jessamyn Schaller

Subjects
Receipt, Actuarial science, business.industry, Direct effects, Outbreak, Vaccination, Immunization, Environmental health, Health care, Disease risk, medicine, Pertussis vaccine, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

This paper examines the determinants of parental decisions about infant immunization. Using the exact timing of vaccination relative to birth, we estimate the effects of local pertussis outbreaks occurring in-utero and during the first two months of life on the likelihood of on-time initial immunization for pertussis and other immunizations. We find that parents respond to changes in perceived disease risk: pertussis outbreaks within a state increase the rate of on-time receipt of the pertussis vaccine at two months of age. This response is concentrated among low-socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups. In addition, we find that pertussis outbreaks increase the likelihood of immunization against other vaccine-preventable diseases. These spillover effects are almost as large the direct effects and are present only for vaccines that are typically given during the same visit as the pertussis vaccine, which suggests that healthcare access costs play an important role in parents' vaccination decisions.

Published
2017

41. Disease outbreaks, healthcare utilization, and on-time immunization in the first year of life

Author

Lisa Schulkind, Jessamyn Schaller, and Teny Maghakian Shapiro

Subjects
Male, Parents, medicine.medical_specialty, Vaccination Coverage, Whooping Cough, First year of life, Disease, Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines, Health Services Accessibility, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0502 economics and business, Health care, medicine, Humans, Healthcare Disparities, 050207 economics, Pertussis Vaccine, Vaccines, business.industry, 030503 health policy & services, Health Policy, Public health, 05 social sciences, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Infant, Outbreak, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, United States, Vaccination, Socioeconomic Factors, Immunization, Pertussis vaccine, Female, 0305 other medical science, business, Demography, medicine.drug
Abstract

This paper examines the determinants of parental decisions about infant immunization. Using the exact timing of vaccination relative to birth, we estimate the effects of local pertussis outbreaks occurring in utero and during the first two months of life on the likelihood of on-time initial immunization for pertussis and other diseases. We find that parents respond to changes in perceived disease risk: pertussis outbreaks within a state increase the rate of on-time receipt of the pertussis vaccine at two months of age, particularly among low-socioeconomic status (SES) subgroups. In addition, we find that pertussis outbreaks increase the likelihood of immunization against other vaccine-preventable diseases. Spillover effects in low-SES subgroups are as large as direct effects and are present only for vaccines given during the same visit as the pertussis vaccine, which suggests that provider contact may be a key factor in infant vaccination decisions in poor families.

Published
2019

42. A's from Zzzz's? The Causal Effect of School Start Time on the Academic Achievement of Adolescents

Author

Teny Maghakian, Scott E. Carrell, and James E. West

Subjects
Status quo, media_common.quotation_subject, Causal effect, education, Opposition (politics), Fertility, Legislature, Academic achievement, Sitting, Developmental psychology, jel:J13, jel:I23, Family planning, Psychology, General Economics, Econometrics and Finance, media_common
Abstract

Recent sleep research finds that many adolescents are sleep-deprived because of both early school start times and changing sleep patterns during the teen years. This study identifies the causal effect of school start time on academic achievement by using two policy changes in the daily schedule at the US Air Force Academy along with the randomized placement of freshman students to courses and instructors. Results show that starting the school day 50 minutes later has a significant positive effect on student achievement, which is roughly equivalent to raising teacher quality by one standard deviation. {JEL 123, J13) weekday morning, most high school students are sitting in their first period class by 7:30 AM.While some students may be raring to go, many are struggling to stay awake and alert. In fact, survey evidence shows that over a quarter of high school students report falling asleep in class at least once per week (National Sleep Foundation 2006). As parents and administrators look for ways to improve student academic achievement, some question whether early start times are hindering the learning process for teenagers. Sleep research supports this notion, finding that many adolescents are sleep-deprived because of both early school start times and changing sleep patterns during the teen years. Consequently, policy initiatives to delay high school start times have gained momentum across the country. At the national level, House Concurrent Resolution 176, introduced to Congress in 2007 as the "Zzz's to As Resolution," calls for secondary schools to begin after 9:00 am. State legislatures and local school districts have also introduced similar proposals. Although some districts have adopted later start times, most were forced to maintain the status quo as a result of conflicting bussing schedules or vehement opposition from coaches and skeptical parents.

Published
2011

44. Decision making and underperformance in competitive environments: evidence from the National Hockey League

Author

Gonçalo Pina, Federico Todeschini, and Gueorgu I. Maghakian Kolev

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Choice set, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), Economics, Tournament, Operations management, Marketing, League, Rational planning model, Task (project management)
Abstract

We find evidence of suboptimal decisions leading to underperformance in a policy experiment where two teams of professionals compete in a tournament (National Hockey League shootout) performing a task (penalty shot) sequentially. Before an exogenous policy change, home teams had to perform the task second in the sequence. After the policy change, home teams were given the choice to lead or to follow in the sequence. Home teams should move first only when this is optimal, and this should lead them to winning the tournament more often. We find that after given the choice, home teams most of the time choose to move first in the sequence, and this results in a lower winning frequency for them. Contrary to what economic theory would predict, we find that an expanded choice set can lead to worse outcomes for the agents.

Published
2015

45. The educational effects of school start times

Author

Teny Maghakian Shapiro

Subjects
Secondary education, Status quo, media_common.quotation_subject, education, start times, biorhythms, sleep, secondary education, education production function, Academic achievement, education production function, Developmental psychology, jel:I20, Sleep patterns, start times, biorhythms, secondary education, ddc:330, Start time, Sleep (system call), I20, sleep, Psychology, media_common, Morning
Abstract

The combination of changing sleep patterns in adolescence and early school start times leaves secondary school classrooms filled with sleep-deprived students. Evidence is growing that having adolescents start school later in the morning improves grades and emotional well-being, and even reduces car accidents. Opponents cite costly adjustments to bussing schedules and decreased time after school for jobs, sports, or other activities as reasons to retain the status quo. While changing school start times is not a costless policy, it is one of the easiest to implement and least expensive ways of improving academic achievement.

Published
2015

46. Implications of Stochastic Recovery Rates in Evaluating CDO Tranches

Author

Sanjay Sharma, Tania Garcia, and Arthur Maghakian

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, Recovery rate, Monte Carlo method, Econometrics, Constant (mathematics), Binomial theorem, Standard technique, Finance, Mathematics
Abstract

The binomial expansion technique originally proposed by Moody9s has been widely adopted as the standard technique for assessing the risk of CBO/CLO tranches. The key assumption underlying it is the non-variability of recovery rates. A comparison with the results produced by Monte Carlo simulation assuming stochastic recovery rates indicates rating differentials of up to five rating notches in ratings of CBO/CLO tranches that are attributable to the recovery rate assumption. Some adjustments to constant recovery rates would make the ratings indicated by the BET more consistent with the results of Monte Carlo simulation.

Published
2004

48. Search for Flavor-Changing Neutral Current Decays of the Top Quark inpp¯Collisions ats=1.8TeV

Author

S. Miyashita, J. Wahl, Yanwen Liu, R. Thurman-Keup, Cyp Ngan, T. L. Watts, K. Strahl, P. Schlabach, S. Lusin, F. Happacher, P. T. Chang, Dario Bisello, A. Bhatti, D. Errede, S. Aota, S. Segler, B. T. Huffman, R. Kephart, Y. Ye, K. Biery, A. Gordon, Emanuela Barzi, Y. Kato, D. Neuberger, G. Guillian, J. Hylen, G. W. Foster, K. T. Pitts, H. Grassmann, G. Velev, S. Bagdasarov, R. K. Plunkett, Maria Spiropulu, Y. Iwata, Daniela Bortoletto, Catherine Newman-Holmes, Alan Sill, James Bensinger, M. Franklin, S. Funaki, N. Tamura, T. Speer, M. Ninomiya, S. Rolli, C. Wei, T. L. Thomas, D. Wolinski, K. Kelley, S. Leone, V. Bolognesi, Kazuhiko Hara, J. C. Freeman, H. Sato, N. Moggi, E. Hayashi, P. Singh, A. Parri, Fumio Abe, Jacobo Konigsberg, J. Tseng, Robert M Harris, D. Kestenbaum, H. S. Budd, C. H. Wang, M. Lindgren, K. Takikawa, F. Ptohos, T. Ohsugi, J. D. Lewis, Jochen Jens Heinrich, Andrea Sansoni, R. L. Coxe, M. T. Cheng, B. Tannenbaum, G. Pauletta, M. Contreras, Mosè Mariotti, M. J. Shochet, R. J. Miller, B. Kharadia, J. Boudreau, W. J. Robertson, S. Donati, A. G. Clark, K. L. Byrum, A. Zanetti, K. Yasuoka, W. Ashmanskas, L. Holloway, P. Giromini, A. Mukherjee, A. Perazzo, J. Kroll, Y. Gotra, S. R. Hahn, T. Kuwabara, Gino Bolla, Scott D. Metzler, M. Frautschi, James Strait, T. Le Compte, N. Parashar, M. Gold, M. Dell'Orso, H. Kasha, J. Patrick, B. Hinrichsen, P. Sphicas, J. Iwai, W. Koska, Tommaso Dorigo, R. W. Kadel, Avraham Yagil, F. Tartarelli, Virgil E Barnes, D. Benton, Yasuo Fukui, F. Ukegawa, T. Miyamoto, P. K. Teng, K. E. Ohl, H. Akimoto, S. Cihangir, A. Dunn, S. A. Hauger, Andrea Castro, Manfred Paulini, A. J. Martin, Jun Lu, Mark Kruse, Bj Kim, P. S. Chang, P. Koehn, G. Piacentino, A. Menzione, Andrew Beretvas, Kostantinos Kordas, L. Pondrom, E. Wicklund, J. F. de Troconiz, T. Okusawa, Paul Tipton, R. S. Guo, P. F. Derwent, E. Kovacs, F. Zetti, C. Hawk, P. Mazzanti, A. Ribon, J. Done, J. Huston, R. Vilar, M. J. Wang, Leonard Spiegel, H. Nakada, E. Cocca, W. K. Sakumoto, T. Miao, Hiroshi Ikeda, J. E. Elias, R. C. Webb, R. M. Hans, R. E. Hughes, M. Lancaster, S. Miscetti, B. Bevensee, S. Worm, D. Amidei, A. T. Goshaw, D. Cauz, W. Bokhari, J. C. Yun, Petar Maksimovic, Y. Seiya, M. Campbell, M. D. Peters, M. Lanzoni, P. Giannetti, Maxwell Chertok, S. Geer, Yongsun Kim, Nikos Giokaris, D. Glenzinski, S. B. Kim, Stephan Lammel, P. Hu, K. Karr, G. Unal, H. Mitsushio, F. Azfar, W. Badgett, R. Handler, A. Maghakian, H. Y. Chao, F. Keyvan, M. Mangano, J. Lys, Xin Wu, P. Murat, M. Krasberg, S. Vejcik, R. Roser, D. Winn, T. Kaneko, C. Grosso-Pilcher, T. Chikamatsu, H. Keutelian, R. Culbertson, P. Yeh, Jay Hauser, James D. Olsen, A. M. Walsh, J.I. Friedman, N. S. Lockyer, W-M. Yao, J. Spalding, S. Dell'Agnello, Intae Yu, Lawrence Nodulman, L. Rosenson, W. C. Wester, Marjorie Shapiro, J. Mansour, S. Bertolucci, R. Mattingly, T. Takahashi, T. Song, Weiya Zhang, J. P. Berge, Hyun-Chul Kim, M. Yin, Sacha E Kopp, H. Minato, G. Bauer, A. D. Hardman, F. D. Snider, S. Errede, E. Meschi, Sung Keun Park, A. Bodek, R. Ely, Y. Cen, D. W. Gerdes, R. Vidal, N. Bruner, L. Stanco, Doyeong Kim, C. Yosef, T. Asakawa, E. Buckley-Geer, Riccardo Paoletti, C. Miao, C. N. Chiou, W. Carithers, L. Christofek, P. F. Shepard, S. H. Oh, Marina Cobal, C. Haber, T. Baumann, M. Cordelli, G. Busetto, Brian L Winer, J. N. Bellinger, Umesh Joshi, J. Cooper, S. H. Kim, L. E. Kirsch, L. Yu, P. Sinervo, G. Bellettini, T. Ohmoto, P. Melese, G. Punzi, E. Engels, S. Bettelli, S. Lami, Daniel P Cronin-Hennessy, R. G. Wagner, S. Tether, F. de Jongh, G. Sganos, S. P. Pappas, A. Byon-Wagner, J. P. Marriner, A. Caner, S. C. van den Brink, N. B. Wallace, M. Barone, Th. Müller, Jay Dittmann, Kevin Einsweiler, S. R. Amendolia, K. Sliwa, N. Eddy, O. Ganel, D. Crane, Kevin Burkett, J. B. Liu, K. Tollefson, J. Berryhill, J. Bao, R. J. Hollebeek, Henry J. Frisch, B. Flaugher, J. Incandela, Wendy Taylor, J. A.J. Matthews, G. Michail, L. Groer, Alan Garfinkel, R. L. Wagner, J. Suzuki, P. McIntyre, M. Shimojima, K. Goulianos, Y. Teramoto, Michele Gallinaro, T. Takano, S. Zucchelli, C. Pagliarone, R. E. Blair, J. I. Lamoureux, J. Conway, P. Kesten, R. Wilkinson, R. Oishi, D. Saltzberg, C. Holck, R. Hamilton, M. Pillai, Andreas Warburton, C. Campagnari, R. Ströhmer, A. Titov, F. Rimondi, Kiminori Kondo, M. Vondracek, C. Loomis, P. de Barbaro, S. Galeotti, G. Houk, D. Lucchesi, Hiroto Kambara, K. Ragan, A. Scribano, D. Toback, T. Saab, Sally Seidel, M. W. Bailey, J. Wolinski, R. D. Kennedy, T. Takada, T. Uchida, F. Spinella, L. Breccia, M. Binkley, Q. Shen, M. G. Albrow, J. Siegrist, E. Kajfasz, Hong Sj, F. Cervelli, C. Ferretti, C. Nelson, Douglas Benjamin, Jing Wang, R. Demina, H. Wenzel, M. Incagli, G. Latino, D. Theriot, Duncan Carlsmith, M. Mishina, S. Behrends, A. B. Wicklund, E. E. Schmidt, S. Delchamps, K. D. Hoffman, H. Toyoda, Marcus Hohlmann, Le Zhang, D. D. Yovanovitch, J. Wyss, G. Chiarelli, H. H. Williams, J. Antos, J. Valls, Konstanty Sumorok, W. Kowald, G. Introzzi, A. Stefanini, M. M. Deninno, O. Long, M. Atac, A. Akopian, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Q. Fan, J. Cammerata, M. Timko, D. Reher, A. Tollestrup, J. Skarha, E. Kuns, G. Giusti, N. Uemura, T. Yoshida, P. Lukens, T. Devlin, G. Sullivan, V. Papadimitriou, Jose M. Benlloch, M. Loreti, S. Tkaczyk, David Stuart, B. A. Barnett, Giorgio Apollinari, G. P. Yeh, T. Daniels, Tony Liss, E. Hafen, Nicola Turini, Teruki Kamon, S. Truitt, L. Pescara, A. T. Laasanen, Teresa Rodrigo, Craig Blocker, T. J. Phillips, Kaori Maeshima, Y. Morita, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, L. Gladney, D. Vucinic, F. Semeria, T. A. Keaffaber, L. Demortier, I. Fiori, P. Wilson, P. Limon, John Huth, J. W. Chapman, James Proudfoot, G. Feild, R. Oliveira, R. P. Thun, Q. F. Wang, J. Steele, Andrey Korytov, M. P. Schmidt, I. Nakano, L. Santi, C. Couyoumtzelis, P. Azzi-Bacchetta, C. Bromberg, M. Okabe, S. E. Kuhlmann, Stefano Belforte, N. M. Shaw, Henrik Jeldtoft Jensen, J. Yoh, L. Ristori, W. Trischuk, Nicola Bacchetta, J. Romano, J. Gonzalez, F. Bedeschi, and B. Harral

Subjects
Quark, Physics, Nuclear physics, Top quark, Particle physics, Neutral current, Flavor-changing neutral current, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, General Physics and Astronomy, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider Detector at Fermilab, Standard Model
Abstract

We search for the flavor-changing neutral current decays of the top quark $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\ensuremath{\gamma}$ and $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{qZ}$ (here $q$ represents the $c$ and $u$ quarks) in $\overline{p}p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}1.8\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{TeV}$. We use a dataset $(\ensuremath{\int}L\mathrm{dt}\ensuremath{\sim}110{\mathrm{pb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1})$ collected during the 1992--1995 run of the Collider Detector at Fermilab. We set 95% confidence level limits on the branching fractions $B(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}q\ensuremath{\gamma})l3.2%$ and $B(t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{qZ})l33%$, consistent with the standard model.

Published
1998

49. Properties of photon plus two-jet events inp¯pcollisions ats=1.8TeV

Author

F. Abe, H. Akimoto, A. Akopian, M. G. Albrow, S. R. Amendolia, D. Amidei, J. Antos, S. Aota, G. Apollinari, T. Asakawa, W. Ashmanskas, M. Atac, F. Azfar, P. Azzi-Bacchetta, N. Bacchetta, W. Badgett, S. Bagdasarov, M. W. Bailey, J. Bao, P. de Barbaro, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, V. E. Barnes, B. A. Barnett, M. Barone, E. Barzi, G. Bauer, T. Baumann, F. Bedeschi, S. Behrends, S. Belforte, G. Bellettini, J. Bellinger, D. Benjamin, J. Benlloch, J. Bensinger, D. Benton, A. Beretvas, J. P. Berge, J. Berryhill, S. Bertolucci, B. Bevensee, A. Bhatti, K. Biery, M. Binkley, D. Bisello, R. E. Blair, C. Blocker, A. Bodek, W. Bokhari, V. Bolognesi, G. Bolla, D. Bortoletto, J. Boudreau, L. Breccia, C. Bromberg, N. Bruner, E. Buckley-Geer, H. S. Budd, K. Burkett, G. Busetto, A. Byon-Wagner, K. L. Byrum, J. Cammerata, C. Campagnari, M. Campbell, A. Caner, W. Carithers, D. Carlsmith, A. Castro, D. Cauz, Y. Cen, F. Cervelli, P. S. Chang, P. T. Chang, H. Y. Chao, J. Chapman, M.-T. Cheng, G. Chiarelli, T. Chikamatsu, C. N. Chiou, L. Christofek, S. Cihangir, A. G. Clark, M. Cobal, E. Cocca, M. Contreras, J. Conway, J. Cooper, M. Cordelli, C. Couyoumtzelis, D. Crane, D. Cronin-Hennessy, R. Culbertson, T. Daniels, F. DeJongh, S. Delchamps, S. Dell’Agnello, M. Dell’Orso, R. Demina, L. Demortier, M. Deninno, P. F. Derwent, T. Devlin, J. R. Dittmann, S. Donati, J. Done, T. Dorigo, A. Dunn, N. Eddy, K. Einsweiler, J. E. Elias, R. Ely, E. Engels, D. Errede, S. Errede, Q. Fan, G. Feild, C. Ferretti, I. Fiori, B. Flaugher, G. W. Foster, M. Franklin, M. Frautschi, J. Freeman, J. Friedman, H. Frisch, Y. Fukui, S. Funaki, S. Galeotti, M. Gallinaro, O. Ganel, M. Garcia-Sciveres, A. F. Garfinkel, C. Gay, S. Geer, D. W. Gerdes, P. Giannetti, N. Giokaris, P. Giromini, G. Giusti, L. Gladney, D. Glenzinski, M. Gold, J. Gonzalez, A. Gordon, A. T. Goshaw, Y. Gotra, K. Goulianos, H. Grassmann, L. Groer, C. Grosso-Pilcher, G. Guillian, R. S. Guo, C. Haber, E. Hafen, S. R. Hahn, R. Hamilton, R. Handler, R. M. Hans, F. Happacher, K. Hara, A. D. Hardman, B. Harral, R. M. Harris, S. A. Hauger, J. Hauser, C. Hawk, E. Hayashi, J. Heinrich, B. Hinrichsen, K. D. Hoffman, M. Hohlmann, C. Holck, R. Hollebeek, L. Holloway, S. Hong, G. Houk, P. Hu, B. T. Huffman, R. Hughes, J. Huston, J. Huth, J. Hylen, H. Ikeda, M. Incagli, J. Incandela, G. Introzzi, J. Iwai, Y. Iwata, H. Jensen, U. Joshi, R. W. Kadel, E. Kajfasz, H. Kambara, T. Kamon, T. Kaneko, K. Karr, H. Kasha, Y. Kato, T. A. Keaffaber, K. Kelley, R. D. Kennedy, R. Kephart, P. Kesten, D. Kestenbaum, H. Keutelian, F. Keyvan, B. Kharadia, B. J. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kim, L. Kirsch, P. Koehn, K. Kondo, J. Konigsberg, S. Kopp, K. Kordas, A. Korytov, W. Koska, E. Kovacs, W. Kowald, M. Krasberg, J. Kroll, M. Kruse, T. Kuwabara, S. E. Kuhlmann, E. Kuns, A. T. Laasanen, S. Lami, S. Lammel, J. I. Lamoureux, M. Lancaster, T. LeCompte, S. Leone, J. D. Lewis, P. Limon, M. Lindgren, T. M. Liss, J. B. Liu, Y. C. Liu, N. Lockyer, O. Long, C. Loomis, M. Loreti, J. Lu, D. Lucchesi, P. Lukens, S. Lusin, J. Lys, K. Maeshima, A. Maghakian, P. Maksimovic, M. Mangano, J. Mansour, M. Mariotti, J. P. Marriner, A. Martin, J. A. J. Matthews, R. Mattingly, P. McIntyre, P. Melese, A. Menzione, E. Meschi, S. Metzler, C. Miao, T. Miao, G. Michail, R. Miller, H. Minato, S. Miscetti, M. Mishina, H. Mitsushio, T. Miyamoto, S. Miyashita, N. Moggi, Y. Morita, A. Mukherjee, T. Muller, P. Murat, H. Nakada, I. Nakano, C. Nelson, D. Neuberger, C. Newman-Holmes, C-Y. P. Ngan, M. Ninomiya, L. Nodulman, S. H. Oh, K. E. Ohl, T. Ohmoto, T. Ohsugi, R. Oishi, M. Okabe, T. Okusawa, R. Oliveira, J. Olsen, C. Pagliarone, R. Paoletti, V. Papadimitriou, S. P. Pappas, N. Parashar, S. Park, A. Parri, J. Patrick, G. Pauletta, M. Paulini, A. Perazzo, L. Pescara, M. D. Peters, T. J. Phillips, G. Piacentino, M. Pillai, K. T. Pitts, R. Plunkett, L. Pondrom, J. Proudfoot, F. Ptohos, G. Punzi, K. Ragan, D. Reher, A. Ribon, F. Rimondi, L. Ristori, W. J. Robertson, T. Rodrigo, S. Rolli, J. Romano, L. Rosenson, R. Roser, T. Saab, W. K. Sakumoto, D. Saltzberg, A. Sansoni, L. Santi, H. Sato, P. Schlabach, E. E. Schmidt, M. P. Schmidt, A. Scribano, S. Segler, S. Seidel, Y. Seiya, G. Sganos, M. D. Shapiro, N. M. Shaw, Q. Shen, P. F. Shepard, M. Shimojima, M. Shochet, J. Siegrist, A. Sill, P. Sinervo, P. Singh, J. Skarha, K. Sliwa, F. D. Snider, T. Song, J. Spalding, T. Speer, P. Sphicas, F. Spinella, M. Spiropulu, L. Spiegel, L. Stanco, J. Steele, A. Stefanini, K. Strahl, J. Strait, R. Ströhmer, D. Stuart, G. Sullivan, K. Sumorok, J. Suzuki, T. Takada, T. Takahashi, T. Takano, K. Takikawa, N. Tamura, B. Tannenbaum, F. Tartarelli, W. Taylor, P. K. Teng, Y. Teramoto, S. Tether, D. Theriot, T. L. Thomas, R. Thun, R. Thurman-Keup, M. Timko, P. Tipton, A. Titov, S. Tkaczyk, D. Toback, K. Tollefson, A. Tollestrup, H. Toyoda, W. Trischuk, J. F. de Troconiz, S. Truitt, J. Tseng, N. Turini, T. Uchida, N. Uemura, F. Ukegawa, G. Unal, J. Valls, S. C. van den Brink, S. Vejcik, G. Velev, R. Vidal, R. Vilar, M. Vondracek, D. Vucinic, R. G. Wagner, R. L. Wagner, J. Wahl, N. B. Wallace, A. M. Walsh, C. Wang, C. H. Wang, J. Wang, M. J. Wang, Q. F. Wang, A. Warburton, T. Watts, R. Webb, C. Wei, H. Wenzel, W. C. Wester, A. B. Wicklund, E. Wicklund, R. Wilkinson, H. H. Williams, P. Wilson, B. L. Winer, D. Winn, D. Wolinski, J. Wolinski, S. Worm, X. Wu, J. Wyss, A. Yagil, W. Yao, K. Yasuoka, Y. Ye, G. P. Yeh, P. Yeh, M. Yin, J. Yoh, C. Yosef, T. Yoshida, D. Yovanovitch, I. Yu, L. Yu, J. C. Yun, A. Zanetti, F. Zetti, L. Zhang, W. Zhang, and S. Zucchelli

Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Proton, Monte Carlo method, Bremsstrahlung, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Fermilab, Jet (particle physics)
Abstract

We present the first general measurements (invariant-mass, transverse-energy, and angular distributions) of the process, {bar p}p{r_arrow}{gamma}+2 jets+X, using data collected by the CDF at Fermilab. We compare the data with predictions from a tree-level QCD calculation and the PYTHIA shower Monte Carlo program. Our data sample is particularly sensitive to contributions from initial- and final-state radiation of photons and jets. Using the PYTHIA Monte Carlo program, we contrast the kinematical distributions for direct photon production with those for initial- and final-state photon radiation (bremsstrahlung). Based on the angular distributions, we find that our data favor a mixture of bremsstrahlung and direct photon production, as predicted, over either process alone. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Published
1998

50. Properties of Jets inWBoson Events from 1.8 TeVp¯pCollisions

Author

F. Abe, H. Akimoto, A. Akopian, M. G. Albrow, S. R. Amendolia, D. Amidei, J. Antos, S. Aota, G. Apollinari, T. Arisawa, T. Asakawa, W. Ashmanskas, M. Atac, F. Azfar, P. Azzi-Bacchetta, N. Bacchetta, W. Badgett, S. Bagdasarov, M. W. Bailey, J. Bao, P. de Barbaro, A. Barbaro-Galtieri, V. E. Barnes, B. A. Barnett, M. Barone, E. Barzi, G. Bauer, T. Baumann, F. Bedeschi, S. Behrends, S. Belforte, G. Bellettini, J. Bellinger, D. Benjamin, J. Benlloch, J. Bensinger, D. Benton, A. Beretvas, J. P. Berge, J. Berryhill, S. Bertolucci, S. Bettelli, B. Bevensee, A. Bhatti, K. Biery, M. Binkley, D. Bisello, R. E. Blair, C. Blocker, S. Blusk, A. Bodek, W. Bokhari, G. Bolla, V. Bolognesi, Y. Bonushkin, D. Bortoletto, J. Boudreau, L. Breccia, C. Bromberg, N. Bruner, E. Buckley-Geer, H. S. Budd, K. Burkett, G. Busetto, A. Byon-Wagner, K. L. Byrum, C. Campagnari, M. Campbell, A. Caner, W. Carithers, D. Carlsmith, J. Cassada, A. Castro, D. Cauz, Y. Cen, A. Cerri, F. Cervelli, P. S. Chang, P. T. Chang, H. Y. Chao, J. Chapman, M.-T. Cheng, M. Chertok, G. Chiarelli, T. Chikamatsu, C. N. Chiou, L. Christofek, S. Cihangir, A. G. Clark, M. Cobal, E. Cocca, M. Contreras, J. Conway, J. Cooper, M. Cordelli, C. Couyoumtzelis, D. Crane, D. Cronin-Hennessy, R. Culbertson, T. Daniels, F. DeJongh, S. Delchamps, S. Dell'Agnello, M. Dell'Orso, R. Demina, L. Demortier, M. Deninno, P. F. Derwent, T. Devlin, J. R. Dittmann, S. Donati, J. Done, T. Dorigo, A. Dunn, N. Eddy, K. Einsweiler, J. E. Elias, R. Ely, E. Engels, D. Errede, S. Errede, Q. Fan, G. Feild, Z. Feng, C. Ferretti, I. Fiori, B. Flaugher, G. W. Foster, M. Franklin, M. Frautschi, J. Freeman, J. Friedman, H. Frisch, Y. Fukui, S. Funaki, S. Galeotti, M. Gallinaro, O. Ganel, M. Garcia-Sciveres, A. F. Garfinkel, C. Gay, S. Geer, D. W. Gerdes, P. Giannetti, N. Giokaris, P. Giromini, G. Giusti, L. Gladney, M. Gold, J. Gonzalez, A. Gordon, A. T. Goshaw, Y. Gotra, K. Goulianos, H. Grassmann, L. Groer, C. Grosso-Pilcher, G. Guillian, J. Guimarães, R. S. Guo, C. Haber, E. Hafen, S. R. Hahn, R. Hamilton, R. Handler, R. M. Hans, F. Happacher, K. Hara, A. D. Hardman, B. Harral, R. M. Harris, S. A. Hauger, J. Hauser, C. Hawk, E. Hayashi, J. Heinrich, B. Hinrichsen, K. D. Hoffman, M. Hohlmann, C. Holck, R. Hollebeek, L. Holloway, S. Hong, G. Houk, P. Hu, B. T. Huffman, R. Hughes, J. Huston, J. Huth, J. Hylen, H. Ikeda, M. Incagli, J. Incandela, G. Introzzi, J. Iwai, Y. Iwata, H. Jensen, U. Joshi, R. W. Kadel, E. Kajfasz, H. Kambara, T. Kamon, T. Kaneko, K. Karr, H. Kasha, Y. Kato, T. A. Keaffaber, K. Kelley, R. D. Kennedy, R. Kephart, P. Kesten, D. Kestenbaum, H. Keutelian, F. Keyvan, B. Kharadia, B. J. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. S. Kim, S. B. Kim, S. H. Kim, Y. K. Kim, L. Kirsch, P. Koehn, A. Köngeter, K. Kondo, J. Konigsberg, S. Kopp, K. Kordas, A. Korytov, W. Koska, E. Kovacs, W. Kowald, M. Krasberg, J. Kroll, M. Kruse, S. E. Kuhlmann, E. Kuns, T. Kuwabara, A. T. Laasanen, S. Lami, S. Lammel, J. I. Lamoureux, M. Lancaster, M. Lanzoni, G. Latino, T. LeCompte, S. Leone, J. D. Lewis, P. Limon, M. Lindgren, T. M. Liss, J. B. Liu, Y. C. Liu, N. Lockyer, O. Long, C. Loomis, M. Loreti, J. Lu, D. Lucchesi, P. Lukens, S. Lusin, J. Lys, K. Maeshima, A. Maghakian, P. Maksimovic, M. Mangano, M. Mariotti, J. P. Marriner, A. Martin, J. A. J. Matthews, R. Mattingly, P. Mazzanti, P. McIntyre, P. Melese, A. Menzione, E. Meschi, S. Metzler, C. Miao, T. Miao, G. Michail, R. Miller, H. Minato, S. Miscetti, M. Mishina, H. Mitsushio, T. Miyamoto, S. Miyashita, N. Moggi, Y. Morita, A. Mukherjee, T. Muller, P. Murat, S. Murgia, H. Nakada, I. Nakano, C. Nelson, D. Neuberger, C. Newman-Holmes, C.-Y. P. Ngan, M. Ninomiya, L. Nodulman, S. H. Oh, K. E. Ohl, T. Ohmoto, T. Ohsugi, R. Oishi, M. Okabe, T. Okusawa, R. Oliveira, J. Olsen, C. Pagliarone, R. Paoletti, V. Papadimitriou, S. P. Pappas, N. Parashar, S. Park, A. Parri, J. Patrick, G. Pauletta, M. Paulini, A. Perazzo, L. Pescara, M. D. Peters, T. J. Phillips, G. Piacentino, M. Pillai, K. T. 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Subjects
Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, Particle physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Hadron, Tevatron, General Physics and Astronomy, Parton, Particle accelerator, Gluon, law.invention, Nuclear physics, law, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Fermilab, Nuclear Experiment, Boson
Abstract

We present a study of events with W bosons and hadronic jets produced in {ovr p}p collisions at a center of mass energy of 1.8 TeV. The data consist of 51 400 W{sup +-}{yields}e{sup +-}{nu} decay candidates from 108 pb{sup -1} of integrated luminosity collected using the CDF detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. Cross sections and jet production properties have been measured for W+{>=}1 to {>=}4 jet events. The data are compared to predictions of leading-order QCD matrix element calculations with added gluon radiation and simulated parton fragmentation.

Published
1997

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