Search

The effect of incorporating mealworm frass (MWF) in the diets of growing Gabaly rabbits on nutrient digestibility, live body weight and gain, properties of the carcass, and blood parameters was investigated. Fifty-two Gabaly rabbits (6 weeks old) were selected after weaning and divided into four groups in a random fashion (13 rabbits/group) based on their weights (653 ± 15 g). The experimental period extended from 6 to 15 weeks of age. Four isocaloric, isonitrogenous and isofibrous diets in pellet shape were formulated. Mealworm frass (MWF) was incorporated at levels of 0, 1, 2, and 3 % for rabbit groups: G0 (as a control), G1, G2, and G3. At the end of the feeding experiment period (15 weeks of age), digestibility trials were conducted to determine the nutrient digestibility and nutrition values of the experimental diets. Three rabbits were slaughtered from each group to determine the carcass traits and some blood parameters. The chemical composition MWF was recorded as dry matter 87.08-, organic matter 84.98-, crude protein 22.59-, crude fibre 17.62-, ether extract 2.78-, ash17.24-, and nitrogen-free extract 41.99- %. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, and crude fibre improved (P

Abstract The expanded graphite (EG) was used as a filler in EG/polyurethane (PU) composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI). The EG/PU composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the EG/PU composite form containing 5 wt% EG was −24 dB at 5 wt% in the 8–12 GHz range. The optimal EG loading was 3 wt% and the corresponding EG/PU composite foam had a total SE of −18.9 dB and fairly good mechanical characteristics (compressive strength: 13.43 MPa and compressive modulus: 4.95 MPa). These attributes position the EG/PU composite foam as a promising candidate for diverse EMI SE applications. Highlights Synthesis by thermal exfoliation and characterization by x‐ray diffraction, Raman and SEM of EG. Preparation of EG/PU foams for enhanced EMI SE. Optimization of the EG loading with regard to SE and mechanical properties of the EG/PU foams.

Despite significant improvements in design methodologies, dams and water-retaining structures failures continue to occur. Dams’ failure analysis plays a crucial role in the development of dam safety planning and emergency action. Since the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) has been built, there have been many concerns about its safety and its effects on downstream countries in case of its failure. In this paper, the GERD break was modeled by using the USACE Hydrologic Engineering Center’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS). Two dimensions model under different failure scenarios was suggested. Moreover, outflow hydrographs and flood inundation maps were presented due to dam breach. Finally, it was concluded that, in case of catastrophic failure, flow depths may vary from 3 to 10 m in some residential areas, such as Khartoum. Furthermore, the water surface elevation may reach 184 m above msl (mean sea level) in Lake Nasser in case of dam failure with a fully stored GERD reservoir. Moreover, the maximum flow would reach 325,928 m3/sec which is more than 21.5 times the total capacity of the dam spillway. Finally, the paper’s outcomes may assist decision-makers in developing alternate plans to deal with the dangers of GERD break.

Background The item-writing flaws (IWFs) in multiple-choice questions (MCQs) can affect test validity. The purpose of this study was to explore the IWFs in the published resources, estimate their frequency and pattern, rank, and compare the current study resources, and propose a possible impact for teachers and test writers. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2017 to December 2020. MCQs from the published MCQ books in Obstetrics and Gynecology was the target resources. They were stratified into four clusters (study-book related, review books, self-assessment books, and online-shared test banks). The sample size was estimated and 2,300 out of 11,195 eligible MCQs were randomly selected. The MCQs (items) were judged on a 20-element compiled checklist that is organized under three sections as follows: (1) structural flaws (seven elements), (2) test-wiseness flaws (five elements), and (3) irrelevant difficulty flaws (eight elements). Rating was done dichotomously, 0 = violating and 1 = not violating. Item flaws were recorded and analyzed using the Excel spreadsheets and IBM SPSS. Results Twenty three percent of the items (n = 537) were free from any violations, whereas 30% (n = 690) contained one violation, and 47% (n = 1073) contained more than one violation. The most commonly reported IWFs were “Options are Not in Order (61%).” The best questions with the least flaws (75th percentiles) were obtained from the self-assessment books followed by study-related MCQ books. The average scores of good-quality items in the cluster of self-assessment books were significantly higher than other book clusters. Conclusion There were variable presentations and percentages of item violations. Lower quality questions were observed in review-related MCQ books and the online-shared test banks. Using questions from these resources needs a caution or avoidance strategy. Relative higher quality questions were reported for the self-assessment followed by the study-related MCQ books. An adoption strategy may be applied with mitigation if needed.

IntroductionThis study investigated the effects of using sun-dried Azolla (Azolla pinnata) meal (SDAM) protein to replace sunflower meal protein in the diets of Zaraibi goats dams on nutrient digestibility, milk yield, composition, and economics.MethodA total of 15 Zaraibi goats (32.23 ± 0.2 kg) were randomly divided into three equal groups, R1, R2, and R3 which were fed based on average milk production. The basal ration was a concentrated feed mixture containing 0, 10, and 20% SDAM which replaced 0, 25, and 50% of sunflower meal protein in the respective groups.ResultsNutrient digestibility and feeding values were improved with R3 goats, which had the highest level of azolla (20%) R3 versus R2 and R1 goats. The total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentration in the in-rumen liquor was elevated by increasing the level of azolla up to 20% in R3 goats. The results revealed significantly higher (P

Investigating the breach outflow hydrograph is an essential task to conduct mitigation plans and flood warnings. In the present study, the spatial dam breach is simulated by using a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model, FLOW-3D. The model parameters were adjusted by making a comparison with a previous experimental model. The different parameters (initial breach shape, dimensions, location, and dam slopes) are studied to investigate their effects on dam breaching. The results indicate that these parameters have a significant impact. The maximum erosion rate and peak outflow for the rectangular shape are higher than those for the V-notch by 8.85% and 5%, respectively. Increasing breach width or decreasing depth by 5% leads to increasing maximum erosion rate by 11% and 15%, respectively. Increasing the downstream slope angle by 4° leads to an increase in both peak outflow and maximum erosion rate by 2.0% and 6.0%, respectively.

Background and purposeTherapeutic hypothermia (TH), or targeted temperature management (TTM), is a classic treatment option for reducing inflammation and potentially other destructive processes across a wide range of pathologies, and has been successfully used in numerous disease states. The ability for TH to improve neurological outcomes seems promising for inflammatory injuries but has yet to demonstrate clinical benefit in the intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patient population. Minimally invasive ICH evacuation also presents a promising option for ICH treatment with strong preclinical data but has yet to demonstrate functional improvement in large randomized trials. The biochemical mechanisms of action of ICH evacuation and TH appear to be synergistic, and thus combining hematoma evacuation with cooling therapy could provide synergistic benefits. The purpose of this working group was to develop consensus recommendations on optimal clinical trial design and outcomes for the use of therapeutic hypothermia in ICH in conjunction with minimally invasive ICH evacuation.MethodsAn international panel of experts on the intersection of critical-care TH and ICH was convened to analyze available evidence and form a consensus on critical elements of a focal cooling protocol and clinical trial design. Three focused sessions and three full-group meetings were held virtually from December 2020 to February 2021. Each meeting focused on a specific subtopic, allowing for guided, open discussion.ResultsThese recommendations detail key elements of a clinical cooling protocol and an outline for the roll-out of clinical trials to test and validate the use of TH in conjunction with hematoma evacuation as well as late-stage protocols to improve the cooling approach. The combined use of systemic normothermia and localized moderate (33.5°C) hypothermia was identified as the most promising treatment strategy.ConclusionsThese recommendations provide a general outline for the use of TH after minimally invasive ICH evacuation. More research is needed to further refine the use and combination of these promising treatment paradigms for this patient population.

Abstract Biomaterials provide novel platforms to deliver stem cell and growth factor therapies for central nervous system (CNS) repair. The majority of these approaches have focused on the promotion of neural progenitor cells and neurogenesis. However, it is now increasingly recognized that glial responses are critical for recovery in the entire neurovascular unit. In this study, we investigated the cellular effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) containing hydrogels on primary astrocyte cultures. Both EGF alone and EGF‐hydrogel equally promoted astrocyte proliferation, but EGF‐hydrogels further enhanced astrocyte activation, as evidenced by a significantly elevated Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene expression. Thereafter, conditioned media from astrocytes activated by EGF‐hydrogel protected neurons against injury and promoted synaptic plasticity after oxygen–glucose deprivation. Taken together, these findings suggest that EGF‐hydrogels can shift astrocytes into neuro‐supportive phenotypes. Consistent with this idea, quantitative‐polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) demonstrated that EGF‐hydrogels shifted astrocytes in part by downregulating potentially negative A1‐like genes (Fbln5 and Rt1‐S3) and upregulating potentially beneficial A2‐like genes (Clcf1, Tgm1, and Ptgs2). Further studies are warranted to explore the idea of using biomaterials to modify astrocyte behavior and thus indirectly augment neuroprotection and neuroplasticity in the context of stem cell and growth factor therapies for the CNS. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1242&1248

Abstract Prior studies suggest an association between Vitamin K antagonists (VKA) and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs); less is known about nonvitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs). In this observational study we describe CMB profiles in a multicenter cohort of 89 anticoagulation‐related intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) patients. CMB prevalence was 51% (52% in VKA‐ICH, 48% in NOAC‐ICH). NOAC‐ICH patients had lower median CMB count [2(IQR:1–3) vs. 7(4–11); P

Electromagnetic interference (EMI) has been recognized as a new sort of pollution and can be considered as the direct interference of electromagnetic waves among electronic equipment that frequently affects their typical efficiency. As a result, shielding the electronics from this interfering radiation has been addressed as critical issue of great interest. In this study, different hybrid nanocomposites consisting of magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) as (conductive/magnetic) fillers, taking into account different rGO mass ratios, were synthesized and characterized by XRD, Raman spectroscopy, TEM and their magnetic properties were assessed via VSM. The acquired fillers were encapsulated in the polyurethane foam matrix with different loading percentages (wt%) to evaluate their role in EMI shielding. Moreover, their structure, morphology, and thermal stability were investigated by SEM, FTIR, and TGA, respectively. In addition, the impact of filler loading on their final mechanical properties was determined. The obtained results revealed that the Fe3O4@rGO composites displayed superparamagnetic behavior and acceptable electrical conductivity value. The performance assessment of the conducting Fe3O4@rGO/PU composite foams in EMI shielding efficiency (SE) was investigated at the X-band (8–12) GHz, and interestingly, an optimized value of SE −33 dBw was achieved with Fe3O4@rGO at a 80:20 wt% ratio and 35 wt% filler loading in the final effective PU matrix. Thus, this study sheds light on a novel optimization strategy for electromagnetic shielding, taking into account conducting new materials with variable filler loading, composition ratio, and mechanical properties in such a way as to open the door for achieving a remarkable SE.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reduction of blood loss during and after cesarean section. Methods: Women included in the current double blinded, randomized, controlled trial were recruited from women attending for elective cesarean section and randomized into two groups; study group: received tranexamic acid with induction of anesthesia plus 10 IU of oxytocin injection after delivery of the baby. Control group: received only oxytocin 10 IU injection after delivery of the baby. Results: Twenty four hours post-operative hemoglobin level was significantly higher in study group (11.2 ± 1.5 mg/dL) compared to control (9.6 ± 1.2 mg/dL), also 24 hours post-operative hematocrit was significantly higher in study group (30.2 ± 6.6) compared to control (29.2 ± 2.8). Calculated total blood loss from placental delivery till end of cesarean section was significantly less in study group compared to control (369.5 ± 198.0 versus 606.8 ± 193.0 mL; respectively), also, calculated vaginal bleeding during first 6 hours post-operative was significantly less in study group compared to control (85.0 ± 30.7 mL versus130.8 ± 49.3 mL, respectively). The incidence of post-partum hemorrhage was significantly less in study group compared to control (31.1% versus 63.2%; respectively), also the need for iron replacement therapy was significantly less frequent in study group compared to control (0.9% versus 6.6%, respectively). Conclusions: Tranexamic acid can be used safely to reduce blood loss during cesarean section. Reduced blood loss after tranexamic acid was associated with improvement of post-operative hemoglobin, hematocrit and with reduction of post-partum need for iron replacement.

Reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is an effective polymer filler for shielding against electromagnetic interference (EMI). Its shielding efficiency rises as its concentration in polymer matrices increases. However, higher filler loading impedes polymer foaming and deteriorates the mechanical properties of the resulting foam. The goal of this work is to determine the optimal RGO concentration that can be loaded into polyurethane (PU) matrix to produce a composite foam with a high level of electromagnetic shielding along with good mechanical properties. To that end, different PU foam samples containing varying amounts of RGO were synthesized. The synthesized samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infra-red (FT/IR) and universal testing machine. Furthermore, the shielding efficiency of the samples was measured using a vector network analyzer over the frequency range of 8-12 GHz. The results revealed that the increase in RGO concentration enhances the mechanical and thermal properties of the prepared composite foam materials. The shielding effectiveness reached -23 dB at 5 wt% RGO concentration. The polyurethane-RGO composite foam materials have been identified as potentially viable materials for use in electromagnetic shielding applications. KEYWORDS electromagnetic shielding, mechanical properties, optimization, polyurethane composite foam, reduced graphene oxide, 1 | INTRODUCTION In today's society, electromagnetic (EM) emissions have been classified as a new form of pollution as a direct result of the massive usage of electronic devices and [...]

Introduction Patients with stroke-like symptoms may be underutilising emergency medical services and avoiding hospitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigated a decline in admissions for stroke and transient ischaemic attack (TIA) and emergency department (ED) stroke alert activations.Methods We retrospectively compiled total weekly hospital admissions for stroke and TIA between 31 December 2018 and 21 April 2019 versus 30 December 2019 and 19 April 2020 at five US tertiary academic comprehensive stroke centres in cities with early COVID-19 outbreaks in Boston, New York City, Providence and Seattle. We collected available data on ED stroke alerts, stroke severity using the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and time from symptom onset to hospital arrival.Results Compared with 31 December 2018 to 21 April 2019, a decline in stroke/TIA admissions and ED stroke alerts occurred during 30 December 2019 to 19 April 2020 (p trend

The expanded graphite (EG) was used as a filler in EG/polyurethane (PU) composite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding (EMI). The EG/PU composite foams were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM. The shielding effectiveness (SE) of the EG/PU composite form containing 5 wt% EG was −24 dB at 5 wt% in the 8–12 GHz range. The optimal EG loading was 3 wt% and the corresponding EG/PU composite foam had a total SE of −18.9 dB and fairly good mechanical characteristics (compressive strength: 13.43 MPa and compressive modulus: 4.95 MPa). These attributes position the EG/PU composite foam as a promising candidate for diverse EMI SE applications. Highlights: Synthesis by thermal exfoliation and characterization by x‐ray diffraction, Raman and SEM of EG.Preparation of EG/PU foams for enhanced EMI SE.Optimization of the EG loading with regard to SE and mechanical properties of the EG/PU foams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]