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Since the 1960s and the therapeutic use of hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow origin, there has been an increasing interest in the study of undifferentiated progenitors that have the ability to proliferate and differentiate into various tissues. Stem cells (SC) with different potency can be isolated and characterised. Despite the promise of embryonic stem cells, in many cases, adult or even fetal stem cells provide a more interesting approach for clinical applications. It is undeniable that mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from bone marrow, adipose tissue, or Wharton’s Jelly are of potential interest for clinical applications in regenerative medicine because they are easily available without ethical problems for their uses. During the last 10 years, these multipotent cells have generated considerable interest and have particularly been shown to escape to allogeneic immune response and be capable of immunomodulatory activity. These properties may be of a great interest for regenerative medicine. Different clinical applications are under study (cardiac insufficiency, atherosclerosis, stroke, bone and cartilage deterioration, diabetes, urology, liver, ophthalmology, and organ’s reconstruction). This review focuses mainly on tissue and organ regeneration using SC and in particular MSC.

En los últimos años se ha visto cómo las células madre han pasado de ser un concepto de interés científico principalmente en el campo de la biología, a ocupar tantas páginas en las revistas científicas como en la prensa. Los conocimientos que en este campo de la medicina se vienen produciendo de forma diaria ha disparado las expectativas de los enfermos y de los médicos de que las células madre vayan a contribuir a la curación de múltiples enfermedades humanas devastadoras como la diabetes, la enfermedad de Parkinson, el infarto de miocardio u otras. Se presenta una técnica óptica no invasiva, basada en el análisis digital de imágenes de fase que permite analizar el cultivo de células madre mesenquimales con el objetivo de determinar los parámetros de imagen representativos del crecimiento y de la diferenciación de estas células. Estos experimentos contribuirán a un mejor entendimiento de la dinámica de la células madres, ayudando al avance de diversas aplicaciones médicas In recent years we have seen how stem cells or stem has grown from a concept of scientific interest mainly in the field of biology, to occupy many pages in scientific magazines and the press. The knowledge in this field of medicine have been occuring almost daily so triggered the expectations of patients and physicians that stem cells will helpcure many devastating human diseases such as diabetes, the disease Parkinson, myocardial infarction or many other. We present a non-invasive optical technique bsaed on digital image analysis phase allowing to observe the culture og mesenchymal stem cells. This make is possible to analyze an quantify the dynamic changes during growth and cell differentiation. We analyze different stages of the evolution of mesenchymal stem cell in order to determine the imaging parameters representative of growth and differentiation of these cells. The expermients contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of stem cells, helping to advance medical application Fil: Castellini, Horacio Virginio. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Ingeniería y Agrimensura (UNR-FCEIA). Santa Fe. Argentina Fil: Dumas, Dominique. Université de Lorraine. Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Biophysique Cellulaire (CNRS-PTIBC-IBISA). Nancy. Francia Fil: Hupont, Sébastien. Université de Lorraine. Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Biophysique Cellulaire (CNRS-PTIBC-IBISA). Nancy. Francia Fil: Fontana, Alicia Beatriz Albina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR-FBIOyF). Santa Fe. Argentina Fil: Delannoy, Marcela María. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR-FBIOyF). Santa Fe. Argentina Fil: Oliveros, Miguel. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR-FBIOyF). Santa Fe. Argentina Fil: Magdalou, J.. Université de Lorraine. Plateforme d’Imagerie et de Biophysique Cellulaire (CNRS-PTIBC-IBISA). Nancy. Francia Fil: Riquelme, B.. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas (UNR-FBIOyF). Santa Fe. Argentina

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Acylglucuronide formation from the 2-arylpropionic acids pirprofen, flurbiprofen, and ibuprofen, three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), was investigated in rat liver microsomes using an HPLC method and 14C-labeled UDP-glucuronic acid as co-substrate. Pirprofen was the best substrate of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase with a Vmax/Km of 45.4, as compared with 8.0 and 1.6 for flurbiprofen and ibuprofen, respectively. Glucuronidation of the drugs was significantly increased upon treatment of rats with phenobarbital; 3-methylcholanthrene or clofibrate failed to induce the activity. At the dose of 100 mg/kg body weight for 1, 3, and 5 days, pirprofen was unable to induce its own glucuronidation. However, this treatment caused a transient increase, after 1 day, of several isoform activities monitored with 4-nitrophenol, 1-naphthol, 4-methylumbelliferone, terpenes, and testosterone as substrates. After 3 and 5 days these activities were decreased, especially when glucuronidation of 4-nitrophenol and 4-methylumbelliferone was considered, glucuronidation of the terpenes cis-myrtanol, borneol, nopol, and of testosterone being similar to control values. By contrast to clofibrate, administration of pirprofen to rats decreased bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in a time-dependent fashion with a maximal decrease of 59% after 5 days. Treatment of rats with pirprofen also decreased markedly the formation of flurbiprofen glucuronide. Comparison of NSAID glucuronidation between several species indicated that it was most potent in monkeys, dogs, and humans. Cats were also efficient in that respect. Gunn rats, which are genetically deficient in bilirubin glucuronidation, were able to form acylglucuronides from the drugs, thus indicating that these 2-arylpropionic acids were not substrates of the bilirubin isozyme.