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1. Chapter VI.1.4 The European Union and seabed mining

Author

Singh, Pradeep A., Tassin Campanella, Virginie, and Maes, Frank

Subjects
Deep-sea mining, Dispute settlement, Law of the Sea, State regulation, bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LA Jurisprudence & general issues, bic Book Industry Communication::L Law::LB International law::LBD International law of transport, communications & commerce::LBDM International maritime law
Abstract

For years, exploration of seabed natural resources has been ongoing while exploitation in deep marine areas remained unrealistic due to land-based mineral availability and costs. However, mounting pressures from the green transition, climate change, and long-lasting fears of terrestrial minerals scarcity now bring exploitation prospects closer to reality. This is has caused concern to a growing chorus of States, scientists, industries, NGOs, and parts of civil society due to the potential environmental and social impacts of these activities. As a result, the idea of a moratorium or ‘precautionary pause’ is gaining ground. Yet, an important number of interpretation and implementation issues of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) and the 1994 Agreement remain to be answered as a means to move forward in accordance with international law. This multidisciplinary book, designed to become the essential handbook on the matter, provides a global overview of the national, regional, and international regulatory frameworks applicable to the exploration and exploitation of seabed minerals on the continental shelf and the Area, as well as the related state of the science on the matter. By presenting historical and geopolitical context crucial to understanding regulation evolution, the book equips readers with foundational legal and policy knowledge. It furthermore addresses contemporary and prospective issues and offers unique insights into regional and national practices, including non-Party States to UNCLOS.

Published
2024
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6. Contributions of marine area-based management tools to the UN sustainable development goals

Author

Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Santos, Catarina Frazão, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, da Luz Fernandes, Maria, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Natașa Văidianu, Stojanov, Robert, van Tatenhove, Jan, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, and Unger, Sebastian

Published
2022
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7. European policies and legislation targeting ocean acidification in european waters - Current state

Author

Galdies, Charles, Bellerby, Richard, Canu, Donata, Chen, Wenting, Garcia-Luque, Enrique, Gašparović, Blaženka, Godrijan, Jelena, Lawlor, Paul J., Maes, Frank, Malej, Alenka, Panagiotaras, Dionisios, Romera, Beatriz Martinez, Reymond, Claire E., Rochette, Julien, Solidoro, Cosimo, Stojanov, Robert, Tiller, Rachel, Torres de Noronha, Isabel, Uścinowicz, Grzegorz, Natașa Vaidianu, Walsh, Cormac, and Guerra, Roberta

Published
2020
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12. Assessment of the international maritime regulations’ impact in the North & Baltic Sea

Author

Roozendael, Benjamin Van, primary, Vigin, Laurence, additional, Nieuwenhove, Annelore Van, additional, Scheldeman, Kobe, additional, Merveille, Jean-Baptiste, additional, Weigelt, Andreas, additional, Mellqvist, Johan, additional, Vliet, Jasper Van, additional, Dinther, Daniëlle van, additional, Beecken, Jörg, additional, Tack, Frederik, additional, Theys, Nicolas, additional, Maes, Frank, additional, and Roy, Ward Van, additional

Published
2023
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29. Supplementary data of 'Contributions of marine area-based management tools to the 2030 UN Sustainable Development Goals'

Author

Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, and Tatenhove, Jan van

Published
2022

30. Data on marine area-based management tools to assess their contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals [Dataset]

Author

Gissi, Elena [elena.gissi@ismar.cnr.it], Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, Unger, Sebastian, Gissi, Elena [elena.gissi@ismar.cnr.it], Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, and Unger, Sebastian

Published
2022

31. Data about marine area-based management tools to assess their contribution to the UN sustainable development goals

Author

European Cooperation in Science and Technology, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), National Authority for Scientific Research (Romania), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Land Brandenburg, Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, Unger, Sebastian, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), National Authority for Scientific Research (Romania), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Land Brandenburg, Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, and Unger, Sebastian

Abstract

The dataset presented in this article contains information about marine Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs) used to assess their contribution to the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Following the scope of the analysis, ABMTs were identified by scrutinizing international and regional legal sources related to ocean management in the fields of marine conservation, fisheries, deep sea bed mining, underwater natural and cultural heritage, environmental conservation, and marine spatial planning. Legal sources were screened to depict the following characteristics of individual ABMTs: i) management objectives; ii) authorities responsible for delivering such objectives; iii) the system of management and planning entailed in the ABMT including the zoning type; and iv) the specific spatial scope and domain each ABMT refer to in vertical depth and horizontal domain. Data were generated through an internal expert elicitation. Experts, initially trained in the data analysis and related protocol, contributed to the data production because of their specific knowledge and experience in ocean management. This dataset represents a unique source of information for advancing research about monitoring and assessment of the achievement of sustainable development goals that encompasses different types of ABMTs.

Published
2022

32. Contributions of marine area-based management tools to the UN sustainable development goals

Author

European Cooperation in Science and Technology, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), National Authority for Scientific Research (Romania), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Land Brandenburg, Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, Unger, Sebastian, European Cooperation in Science and Technology, European Commission, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (Portugal), National Authority for Scientific Research (Romania), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Land Brandenburg, Gissi, Elena, Maes, Frank, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, Frazão Santos, Catarina, Neumann, Barbara, Quintela, Adriano, Alves, Fátima L., Borg, Simone, Chen, Wenting, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, Hadjimichael, Maria, Manea, Elisabetta, Marques, Márcia, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, Portman, Michelle E., Sousa, Lisa P., Bolognini, Luca, Flannery, Wesley, Grati, Fabio, Pita, Cristina, Văidianu, Natașa, Stojanov, Robert, Tatenhove, Jan van, Micheli, Fiorenza, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, and Unger, Sebastian

Abstract

Area-Based Management Tools (ABMTs) are spatial instruments for conservation and managing different forms of ocean use. A multitude of ABMTs exists in marine areas within and beyond national jurisdiction, ranging from tools for the regulation of specific human activities (e.g. fisheries, shipping, or mining) to cross-sectoral tools (e.g. such as marine protected areas, MPAs, and marine spatial planning, MSP). By applying expert elicitation and reviewing scientific and grey literature we evaluate the contribution of ABMTs to sustainable development goals (SDGs) as set out under the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, including for SDG 14 that directly addresses the conservation and sustainable use of oceans, seas, and marine resources. We find that fisheries-related and conservation-related ABMTs, and MSP offer the greatest potential contributions to SDG 14 and to SDGs in general. Moreover, there is high complementarity and synergy among different ABMTs for most SDG 14 targets and other SDGs, with the exception of SDG target 14.6 Prohibit fisheries subsidies and SDG 7 Affordable and clean energy. We find that some ABMTs contribute directly to goal attainment, while others contribute in more nuanced or even unexpected ways. Furthermore, context-specific factors that relate to political and legal factors, enforceability, transparency, governance structure, and inclusivity are crucial for unlocking the full potential of ABMTs of attaining multiple SDGs, as shown through examples. The major challenge to face in the next decade is ensuring durable and equitable outcomes from ABMT implementation by coordinating ABMT initiatives established by different organisations and responsible authorities. It is also critical that outcomes are monitored and evaluated across environmental, social, economic, governance, and health dimensions, with indicators addressing management effectiveness and not only ABMT area coverage.

Published
2022

34. From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions – a SOLAS Initiative

Author

Marandino, Christa, van Doorn, Erik, Mcdonald, Natasha, Johnson, Martin, Açma, Bülent, Brévière, Emilie, Campen, Hanna, Carou, Silvina, Cocco, Emilio, Endres, Sonja, Hilmi, Nathalie, Hopkins, Frances, Liss, Peter, Maes, Frank, Mårtensson, Monica, Oeffner, Johannes, Oloyede, Mary, Peters, Andrew, Quack, Birgit, Singh, Pradeep, Thomas, Helmuth, Anadolu Üniversitesi, and Publica

Subjects
Air-sea interactions, policy across the air-sea interface, shipping and biogeochemistry, social science, SOLAS science and society, valuing ocean carbon, policy across the air-sea interface, 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, valuing ocean carbon, Earth science, Air-sea interactions, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary approach, social science, Component (UML), Environmental Chemistry, 14. Life underwater, SOLAS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, SOLAS science and society, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Luft-Wasser Interaktion, Earth system science, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Ozeanographie, shipping and biogeochemistry
Abstract

WOS: 000542867800001, Understanding the physical and biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere is a vital component of environmental and Earth system research. the ability to predict and respond to future environmental change relies on a detailed understanding of these processes. the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international research platform that focuses on the study of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for which Future Earth is a sponsor. SOLAS instigated a collaborative initiative process to connect efforts in the natural and social sciences related to these processes, as a contribution to the emerging Future Earth Ocean Knowledge-Action Network (Ocean KAN). This is imperative because many of the recent changes in the Earth system are anthropogenic. An understanding of adaptation and counteracting measures requires an alliance of scientists from both domains to bridge the gap between science and policy. To this end, three SOLAS research areas were targeted for a case study to determine a more effective method of interdisciplinary research: valuing carbon and the ocean's role; air-sea interactions, policy and stewardship; and, air-sea interactions and the shipping industry., Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean' in Kiel, Germany; Swedish Research Council FormasSwedish Research CouncilSwedish Research Council Formas [2011-1007]; German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, MOPGA-GRI) - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) [57429828], Erik van Doorn and Sonja Endres acknowledge the support of the Cluster of Excellence 'The Future Ocean' in Kiel, Germany. Monica Martensson acknowledges the Swedish Research Council Formas, contract no. 2011-1007. Helmuth Thomas acknowledges support by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD, MOPGA-GRI, #57429828) supported by funds of the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF).

Published
2020

36. Maritime transport, shipping and ports

Author

Maes, Frank, Merckx, Jean-Pierre, Lescroart, Jonas, Pirlet, Hans, Verleye, Thomas, Dauwe, Steven, Verleye, Thomas, Pirlet, Hans, Martens, Chantal, Sandra, Matthias, De Raedemaecker, Fien, Devriese, Lisa, Lescrauwaet, Ann-Katrien, Depoorter, Maxime, Moulaert, Ine, and Mees, Jan

Subjects
Law and Political Science
Published
2022

37. Maritiem transport, scheepvaart en havens

Author

Maes, Frank, Merckx, Jean-Pierre, Lescroart, Jonas, Pirlet, Hans, Verleye, Thomas, Dauwe, Steven, Verleye, Thomas, Pirlet, Hans, Martens, Chantal, Sandra, Matthias, De Raedemaecker, Fien, Devriese, Lisa, Lescrauwaet, Ann-Katrien, Depoorter, Maxime, Moulaert, Ine, and Mees, Jan

Subjects
Law and Political Science
Published
2022

38. Data about marine area-based management tools to assess their contribution to the UN sustainable development goals

Author

Gissi, Elena, primary, Maes, Frank, additional, Kyriazi, Zacharoula, additional, Ruiz-Frau, Ana, additional, Santos, Catarina Frazão, additional, Neumann, Barbara, additional, Quintela, Adriano, additional, Alves, Fátima L., additional, Borg, Simone, additional, Chen, Wenting, additional, Fernandes, Maria da Luz, additional, Hadjimichael, Maria, additional, Manea, Elisabetta, additional, Marques, Márcia, additional, Platjouw, Froukje Maria, additional, Portman, Michelle E., additional, Sousa, Lisa P., additional, Bolognini, Luca, additional, Flannery, Wesley, additional, Grati, Fabio, additional, Pita, Cristina, additional, Văidianu, Natașa, additional, Stojanov, Robert, additional, van Tatenhove, Jan, additional, Micheli, Fiorenza, additional, Hornidge, Anna-Katharina, additional, and Unger, Sebastian, additional

Published
2022
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48. From Monodisciplinary via Multidisciplinary to an Interdisciplinary Approach Investigating Air-Sea Interactions – a SOLAS Initiative

Author

Marandino, Christa A., van Doorn, Erik, McDonald, Natasha, Johnson, Martin, Açma, Bülent, Brévière, Emilie H. G., Campen, Hanna, Carou, Silvina, Cocco, Emilio, Endres, Sonja, Hilmi, Nathalie, Hopkins, Frances, Liss, Peter, Maes, Frank, Mårtensson, Monica, Oeffner, Johannes, Oloyede, Mary, Peters, Andrew, Quack, Birgit, Singh, Pradeep, Thomas, Helmuth, Marandino, Christa A., van Doorn, Erik, McDonald, Natasha, Johnson, Martin, Açma, Bülent, Brévière, Emilie H. G., Campen, Hanna, Carou, Silvina, Cocco, Emilio, Endres, Sonja, Hilmi, Nathalie, Hopkins, Frances, Liss, Peter, Maes, Frank, Mårtensson, Monica, Oeffner, Johannes, Oloyede, Mary, Peters, Andrew, Quack, Birgit, Singh, Pradeep, and Thomas, Helmuth

Abstract

Understanding the physical and biogeochemical interactions and feedbacks between the ocean and atmosphere is a vital component of environmental and Earth system research. The ability to predict and respond to future environmental change relies on a detailed understanding of these processes. The Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) is an international research platform that focuses on the study of ocean-atmosphere interactions, for which Future Earth is a sponsor. SOLAS instigated a collaborative initiative process to connect efforts in the natural and social sciences related to these processes, as a contribution to the emerging Future Earth Ocean Knowledge-Action Network (Ocean KAN). This is imperative because many of the recent changes in the Earth system are anthropogenic. An understanding of adaptation and counteracting measures requires an alliance of scientists from both domains to bridge the gap between science and policy. To this end, three SOLAS research areas were targeted for a case study to determine a more effective method of interdisciplinary research: valuing carbon and the ocean’s role; air-sea interactions, policy and stewardship; and, air-sea interactions and the shipping industry.

Published
2020
Full Text
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