Search

Your search keyword '"Maenhaut, W."' showing total 577 results
Start Over Author "Maenhaut, W."
577 results on '"Maenhaut, W."'

3. Aerosol and Rain Chemistry in the Marine Environment

Author

Colin, J. L., Losno, R., Le Bris, N., Tisserant, M., Vassali, I., Madec, S., Cholbi, S., Vimeux, F., Bergametti, G., Cachier, H., Liousse, C., Ducret, J., Lim, B., Pertuisot, M. H., Menard, P. Buat, Jickells, T., Spokes, L., Jennings, G., Schulz, Michael, Rebers, A., Maenhaut, W., Francois, F., Grieken, R. V., Injuk, J., Borrell, Peter, editor, Borrell, Patricia M., editor, Midgley, Pauline, editor, Larsen, Søren E., editor, and Fiedler, Franz, editor

Published
2000
Full Text
View/download PDF

16. Interrelationships Between Aerosol Characteristics and Light Scattering During Late-winter in a Eastern Mediterranean Arid Environment

Author

Ichoku, C, Andreae, M. O, Meixner, F. X, Schebeske, G, Formenti, P, Maenhaut, W, Cafmeyer, J, Ptasinski, J, Karnieli, A, and Orlovsky, L

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

An intensive field campaign involving measurement of various aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative properties was conducted at Sde Boker in the Negev Desert of Israel, from 18 February to 15 March 1997. Nephelometer measurements gave average background scattering coefficient values of about 25 M/m at 550 nm wavelength, but strong dust events caused the value of this parameter to rise up to about 800 M/m Backscattering fractions did not depend on aerosol loading, and generally fell in the range of 0.1 to 0.25, comparable to values reported for marine and Arctic environments. Chemical analysis of the aerosol revealed that, in the coarse size range (2 - 10 micrometer equivalent aerodynamic diameter (EAD)), calcium (Ca) was by far the most abundant element followed by silicon (Si), both of which are indicators for mineral dust. In the fine size fraction (< 2 micrometers EAD), sulfur (S) generally was the dominant element, except during high dust episodes when Ca and Si were again the most abundant. Furthermore, fine black carbon (BC) correlates with S, suggesting that they may have originated from the same sources or source regions. An indication of the short-term effect of aerosol loading on radiative forcing was provided by measurements of global and diffuse solar radiation, which showed that during high turbidity periods (strong dust events) almost all of the solar radiation reaching the area is scattered or absorbed.

Published
1999

18. An intercomparison study of analytical methods used for quantification of levoglucosan in ambient aerosol filter samples

Author

Yttri, K., Schnelle-Kreis, J., Maenhaut, W., Abbaszade, G., Alves, C., Bjerke, A., Bonnier, N., Bossi, R., Claeys, M., Dye, C., Evtyugina, M., García-Gacio, D., Hillamo, R., Hoffer, A., Hyder, M., Iinuma, Y., Jaffrezo, J., Kasper-Giebl, A., Kiss, G., López-Mahia, P., Pio, C., Piot, C., Ramirez-Santa-Cruz, C., Sciare, J., Teinilä, K., Vermeylen, R., Vicente, A., Zimmermann, R., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Universidade de Aveiro, Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones (LACy), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Vienna University of Technology (TU Wien), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Chimie Atmosphérique Expérimentale (CAE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp (UA), Aptel, Florence, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universiteit Gent [Ghent], University of Aveiro, Météo France-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] (TU WIEN), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), Norwegian Institute for Air Research ( NILU ), Laboratoire de l'Atmosphère et des Cyclones ( LACy ), Météo France-Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Environment and Planning, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Technical University of Vienna [Vienna] ( TU WIEN ), Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle ( IGF ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Finnish Meteorological Institute ( FMI ), University of Antwerp ( UA ), Laboratoire catalyse et spectrochimie ( LCS ), Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen ( ENSICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] ( IBCP ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )

Subjects
[ SDU.OCEAN ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, lcsh:TA715-787, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Physics, ATMOSPHERIC PARTICULATE MATTER, lcsh:Earthwork. Foundations, FINE-PARTICLE EMISSIONS, PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY, MONOSACCHARIDE ANHYDRIDES, lcsh:Environmental engineering, POLAR ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS, Chemistry, PULSED-AMPEROMETRIC DETECTION, ANION-EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, MASS SIZE DISTRIBUTION, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION, [SDE.IE] Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT, lcsh:TA170-171, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

The monosaccharide anhydrides (MAs) levoglucosan, galactosan and mannosan are products of incomplete combustion and pyrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses, and are found to be major constituents of biomass burning (BB) aerosol particles. Hence, ambient aerosol particle concentrations of levoglucosan are commonly used to study the influence of residential wood burning, agricultural waste burning and wildfire emissions on ambient air quality. A European-wide intercomparison on the analysis of the three monosaccharide anhydrides was conducted based on ambient aerosol quartz fiber filter samples collected at a Norwegian urban background site during winter. Thus, the samples' content of MAs is representative for BB particles originating from residential wood burning. The purpose of the intercomparison was to examine the comparability of the great diversity of analytical methods used for analysis of levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan in ambient aerosol filter samples. Thirteen laboratories participated, of which three applied high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), four used high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and six resorted to gas chromatography (GC). The analytical methods used were of such diversity that they should be considered as thirteen different analytical methods. All of the thirteen laboratories reported levels of levoglucosan, whereas nine reported data for mannosan and/or galactosan. Eight of the thirteen laboratories reported levels for all three isomers. The accuracy for levoglucosan, presented as the mean percentage error (PE) for each participating laboratory, varied from −63 to 20%; however, for 62% of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10%, and for 85% the mean PE was within ±20%. For mannosan, the corresponding range was −60 to 69%, but as for levoglucosan, the range was substantially smaller for a subselection of the laboratories; i.e. for 33% of the laboratories the mean PE was within ±10%. For galactosan, the mean PE for the participating laboratories ranged from −84 to 593%, and as for mannosan 33% of the laboratories reported a mean PE within ±10%. The variability of the various analytical methods, as defined by their minimum and maximum PE value, was typically better for levoglucosan than for mannosan and galactosan, ranging from 3.2 to 41% for levoglucosan, from 10 to 67% for mannosan and from 6 to 364% for galactosan. For the levoglucosan to mannosan ratio, which may be used to assess the relative importance of softwood versus hardwood burning, the variability only ranged from 3.5 to 24 . To our knowledge, this is the first major intercomparison on analytical methods used to quantify monosaccharide anhydrides in ambient aerosol filter samples conducted and reported in the scientific literature. The results show that for levoglucosan the accuracy is only slightly lower than that reported for analysis of SO42- (sulfate) on filter samples, a constituent that has been analysed by numerous laboratories for several decades, typically by ion chromatography and which is considered a fairly easy constituent to measure. Hence, the results obtained for levoglucosan with respect to accuracy are encouraging and suggest that levels of levoglucosan, and to a lesser extent mannosan and galactosan, obtained by most of the analytical methods currently used to quantify monosaccharide anhydrides in ambient aerosol filter samples, are comparable. Finally, the various analytical methods used in the current study should be tested for other aerosol matrices and concentrations as well, the most obvious being summertime aerosol samples affected by wildfires and/or agricultural fires.

Published
2015

19. Results of a European inter-laboratory comparison study for the quantification of biomass burning molecular tracers (levoglucosan, galactosan, mannosan) in atmospheric particulate samples

Author

Verlhac, Stéphane, Albinet, Alexandre, Favez, Olivier, Jaffrezo, Jean-Luc, Leoz-Garziandia, Eva, Aurela, M., Besombes, Jean-Luc, Claeys, M., Van drooge, B., Hoffer, A., Kasper-Giebl, A., Kistler, M., Maenhaut, W., Matuschek, G., Piazzalunga, A., Sciare, Jean, Swietlicki, E., Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire et Environnement (LCME), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Lund University [Lund], Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Civs, Gestionnaire, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, SRM, ANALYSIS, TRACERS, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, AEROSOL, WOOD BURNING
Abstract

Levoglucosan, mannosan and galactosan (anhydrous sugars) are molecular tracers of biomass burning widely used in aerosol source apportionment studies. A European inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) for their analysis in ambient air particulate matter was organized within the European ACTRIS project. The ILC was led by INERIS with the help of LGGE for quality control analyses. Four test materials were sent to the participants including two ambient air filter samples (corresponding to high winter range concentrations), one laboratory blank filter and one standard reference material (NIST SRM). The main purpose of the ILC was to evaluate the analytical repeatability and reproducibility standard deviations obtained by the participants using their own analytical methods and to highlight any bias or influencing factor on the measurement quality of the biomass burning molecular tracers. Thirteen participants submitted their results and most of them obtained satisfactory Z-scores (Figure 1). Only two laboratories showed outliers for levoglucosan, and only one more also showed unsatisfactory results for mannosan and/or galactosan. One laboratory showed a very high blank value for levoglucosan. Only 3 laboratories showed standard deviations of repeatability larger than 10 %. Standard deviations of reproducibility were about 20-25 % for levoglucosan and mannosan, while values in the range 30-60 % were obtained for galactosan. All the results obtained showed that the analytical procedure had no influence on the quantification of levoglucosan and its isomers. Expanded uncertainties obtained were satisfactory (e.g. < 52 % for levoglucosan) and, for example, consistent with the one required for the measurement of benzo[a]pyrene in ambient air PM10 (European Directive 2004/107/CE). Finally, results of this ILC could be used as reference for the certification of the NIST SRM 1649b (urban dust).

Published
2014

23. ECOC comparison exercise with identical thermal protocols after temperature offset correction - Instrument diagnostics by in-depth evaluation of operational parameters

Author

Panteliadis, P., Hafkenscheid, T., Cary, B., Diapouli, E., Fischer, A., Favez, O., Quincey, P., Viana, Mar, Hitzenberger, R., Vecchi, R., Saraga, D., Sciare, J., Jaffrezo, J.L., John, A., Schwarz, J., Giannoni, M., Novak, J., Karanasiou, Angeliki, Fermo, P., Maenhaut, W., Panteliadis, P., Hafkenscheid, T., Cary, B., Diapouli, E., Fischer, A., Favez, O., Quincey, P., Viana, Mar, Hitzenberger, R., Vecchi, R., Saraga, D., Sciare, J., Jaffrezo, J.L., John, A., Schwarz, J., Giannoni, M., Novak, J., Karanasiou, Angeliki, Fermo, P., and Maenhaut, W.

Abstract

© Author(s) 2015. A comparison exercise on thermal-optical elemental carbon/organic carbon (ECOC) analysers was carried out among 17 European laboratories. Contrary to previous comparison exercises, the 17 participants made use of an identical instrument set-up, after correcting for temperature offsets with the application of a recently developed temperature calibration kit (Sunset Laboratory Inc, OR, US). Temperature offsets reported by participants ranged from -93 to +100 °C per temperature step. Five filter samples and two sucrose solutions were analysed with both the EUSAAR2 and NIOSH870 thermal protocols. z scores were calculated for total carbon (TC); nine outliers and three stragglers were identified. Three outliers and eight stragglers were found for EC. Overall, the participants provided results between the warning levels with the exception of two laboratories that showed poor performance, the causes of which were identified and corrected through the course of the comparison exercise. The TC repeatability and reproducibility (expressed as relative standard deviations) were 11 and 15% for EUSAAR2 and 9.2 and 12% for NIOSH870; the standard deviations for EC were 15 and 20% for EUSAAR2 and 20 and 26% for NIOSH870. TC was in good agreement between the two protocols, TCNIOSH870 =0.98 × TCEUSAAR2 (R2 = 1.00, robust means). Transmittance (TOT) calculated EC for NIOSH870 was found to be 20% lower than for EUSAAR2, ECNIOSH870 = 0.80 × ECEUSAAR2 (R2 = 0.96, robust means). The thermograms and laser signal values were compared and similar peak patterns were observed per sample and protocol for most participants. Notable deviations from the typical patterns indicated either the absence or inaccurate application of the temperature calibration procedure and/or pre-oxidation during the inert phase of the analysis. Low or zero pyrolytic organic carbon (POC), as reported by a few participants, is suggested as an indicator of an instrument-specific pre-oxidation. A sample-spe

Published
2015

40. Supplementary material to "Characterization of polar organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol from the unsaturated aldehydes 2-E-pentenal, 2-E-hexenal, and 3-Z-hexenal"

Author

Shalamzari, M. S., primary, Vermeylen, R., additional, Blockhuys, F., additional, Kleindienst, T. E., additional, Lewandowski, M., additional, Szmigielski, R., additional, Rudzinski, K. J., additional, Spólnik, G., additional, Danikiewicz, W., additional, Maenhaut, W., additional, and Claeys, M., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Characterization of polar organosulfates in secondary organic aerosol from the unsaturated aldehydes 2-&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;-pentenal, 2-&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;-hexenal, and 3-&lt;i&gt;Z&lt;/i&gt;-hexenal

Author

Shalamzari, M. S., primary, Vermeylen, R., additional, Blockhuys, F., additional, Kleindienst, T. E., additional, Lewandowski, M., additional, Szmigielski, R., additional, Rudzinski, K. J., additional, Spólnik, G., additional, Danikiewicz, W., additional, Maenhaut, W., additional, and Claeys, M., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. ECOC comparison exercise with identical thermal protocols after temperature offset correction – instrument diagnostics by in-depth evaluation of operational parameters

Author

Panteliadis, P., primary, Hafkenscheid, T., additional, Cary, B., additional, Diapouli, E., additional, Fischer, A., additional, Favez, O., additional, Quincey, P., additional, Viana, M., additional, Hitzenberger, R., additional, Vecchi, R., additional, Saraga, D., additional, Sciare, J., additional, Jaffrezo, J. L., additional, John, A., additional, Schwarz, J., additional, Giannoni, M., additional, Novak, J., additional, Karanasiou, A., additional, Fermo, P., additional, and Maenhaut, W., additional

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Measurement of Elemental and Organic Carbon in Europe

Author

Brink, H.M. ten, Viana, M., Maenhaut, W., Kuhlbusch, T.A.J., Borowiak, A., Gelenscer, A., Genberg, J., Gladtke, D., Pio, C., Popoviecheva, O., Putaud, J.P., Quincey, P., Sciare, J., and Espen Yttri, K.

Published
2009

45. Global distribution of atmospheric phosphorus sources, concentrations and deposition rates, and anthropogenic impacts

Author

Mahowald, N., Jickells, T.D., Baker, A.R., Artaxo, P., Benitez-Nelson, C.R., Bergametti, G., Bond, T.C., Chen, Y., Cohen, D.D., Herut, B., Kubilay, N., Losno, R., Luo, C., Maenhaut, W., McGee, K.A., Okin, G.S., Siefert, R.L., and Tsukuda, S.

Abstract

A worldwide compilation of atmospheric total phosphorus (TP) and phosphate (PO4) concentration and deposition flux observations are combined with transport model simulations to derive the global distribution of concentrations and deposition fluxes of TP and PO4. Our results suggest that mineral aerosols are the dominant source of TP on a global scale (82%), with primary biogenic particles (12%) and combustion sources (5%) important in nondusty regions. Globally averaged anthropogenic inputs are estimated to be ∼5 and 15% for TP and PO4, respectively, and may contribute as much as 50% to the deposition over the oligotrophic ocean where productivity may be phosphorus‐limited. There is a net loss of TP from many (but not all) land ecosystems and a net gain of TP by the oceans (560 Gg P a−1). More measurements of atmospheric TP and PO4 will assist in reducing uncertainties in our understanding of the role that atmospheric phosphorus may play in global biogeochemistry.

Published
2008

46. Elemental and organic carbon in PM10: a one year measurement campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme EMEP

Author

Yttri, K. E., Aas, W., Bjerke, A., Cape, J. N., Cavalli, F., Ceburnis, D., Dye, C., Emblico, L., Facchini, M. C., Forster, C., Hanssen, J. E., Hansson, H. C., Jennings, S. G., Maenhaut, W., Putaud, J. P., Tørseth, K., Norwegian Institute for Air Research (NILU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Joint Research Centre, European Commission [Brussels]-Institute of Health and Consumer Protection, Department of Experimental Physics, CNR Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Department of Applied Environmental Science [Stockholm] (ITM), Stockholm University, Department of Analytical Chemistry, and Institute for Nuclear Sciences

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; In the present study, ambient aerosol (PM10) concentrations of elemental carbon (EC), organic carbon (OC), and total carbon (TC) are reported for 12 European rural background sites and two urban background sites following a one-year (1 July 2002?1 July 2003) sampling campaign within the European Monitoring and Evaluation Programme, EMEP http://www.emep.int/). The purpose of the campaign was to assess the feasibility of performing EC and OC monitoring on a regular basis and to obtain an overview of the spatial and seasonal variability on a regional scale in Europe. Analyses were performed using the thermal-optical transmission (TOT) instrument from Sunset Lab Inc., operating according to a NIOSH derived temperature program. The annual mean mass concentration of EC ranged from 0.17±0.19 ?g m?3 (mean ± SD) at Birkenes (Norway) to 1.83±1.32 ?g m?3 at Ispra (Italy). The corresponding range for OC was 1.20±1.29 ?g m?3 at Mace Head (Ireland) to 7.79±6.80 ?g m?3 at Ispra. On average, annual concentrations of EC, OC, and TC were three times higher for rural background sites in Central, Eastern and Southern Europe compared to those situated in the Northern and Western parts of Europe. Wintertime concentrations of EC and OC were higher than those recorded during summer for the majority of the sites. Moderate to high Pearson correlation coefficients (rp) (0.50?0.94) were observed for EC versus OC for the sites investigated. The lowest correlation coefficients were noted for the three Scandinavian sites: Aspvreten (SE), Birkenes (NO), and Virolahti (FI), and the Slovakian site Stara Lesna, and are suggested to reflect biogenic sources, wild and prescribed fires. This suggestion is supported by the fact that higher concentrations of OC are observed for summer compared to winter for these sites. For the rural background sites, total carbonaceous material accounted for 30±9% of PM10, of which 27±9% could be attributed to organic matter (OM) and 3.4±1.0% to elemental matter (EM). OM was found to be more abundant than SO42- for sites reporting both parameters.

Published
2007

47. Seasonal variation of PM10 main constituents in two valleys of the French Alps. I: EC/OC fractions

Author

Aymoz, G., Jaffrezo, J. L., Chapuis, D., Cozic, J., Maenhaut, W., Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L'Air de l'Ain et des Pays de Savoie, Air-APS, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute for Nuclear Sciences, Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and EGU, Publication

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere
Abstract

International audience; Daily PM10 samples were collected at two urban sites within two valleys in the French Alps (Chamonix and St Jean de Maurienne) during a period of two and a half years. The carbonaceous species EC (elemental carbon) and OC (organic carbon) were analysed to investigate the possible sources of EC and OC, and their seasonal variations. Mean OC concentrations are in the very high range of concentrations measured for other European sites, and represent at least one third of the PM10 mass on each site. On the basis of the comparison between EC and OC concentrations with several tracers, we were able to show that their main sources are local primary combustion sources. Biomass burning emissions (residential heating) have a significant impact on OC concentrations while heavy duty traffic emissions have an impact only on EC concentrations. Finally, we estimated the contribution of SOA (secondary organic carbon) to OC, using the EC-to-OC primary ratio method (Castro et al., 1999) and demonstrated that the calculation of SOA mass with this method is highly uncertain, if the hypothesis of a constant primary EC-to-OC ratio is not very closely examined.

Published
2007

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results