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2. The impact of termites on soil sheeting properties is better explained by environmental factors than by their feeding and building strategies

Author

Jouquet, Pascal, Harit, Ajay, Hervé, Vincent, Moger, Hemanth, Carrijo, Tiago, Donoso, David A., Eldridge, David, Ferreira da Cunha, Hélida, Choosai, Chutinan, Janeau, Jean-Louis, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Thu, Thuy Doan, Briandon, Alexia, Skali, Myriam Dahbi, van Thuyne, John, Mainga, Ali, Pinzon Florian, Olga Patricia, Issa, Oumarou Malam, Podwojewski, Pascal, Rajot, Jean-Louis, Henri-des-Tureaux, Thierry, Smaili, Lotfi, Labiadh, Mohamed, Boukbida, Hanane Aroui, Shanbhag, Rashmi, Muon, Ratha, Ann, Vannak, Cheik, Sougueh, Fall, Saliou, Traoré, Saran, Dupont, Simon, Chouvenc, Thomas, Mullins, Aaron J., Syaukani, Syaukani, Zaiss, Rainer, Tien, Tran Minh, Šobotník, Jan, Auclerc, Apolline, Qiu, Rongliang, Tang, Ye-Tao, Huot, Hermine, Sillam-Dussès, David, and Bottinelli, Nicolas

Published
2022
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4. Not all sweetness and light: Non‐structural carbohydrate storage capacity in tree stems is decoupled from leaf but not from root economics

Author

Zhang, Guangqi, primary, Mao, Zhun, additional, Maillard, Pascale, additional, Brancheriau, Loïc, additional, Gérard, Bastien, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Fortunel, Claire, additional, Heuret, Patrick, additional, Maeght, Jean‐Luc, additional, Martínez‐Vilalta, Jordi, additional, and Stokes, Alexia, additional

Published
2023
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5. Not all sweetness and light: Non‐structural carbohydrate storage capacity in tree stems is decoupled from leaf but not from root economics.

Author

Zhang, Guangqi, Mao, Zhun, Maillard, Pascale, Brancheriau, Loïc, Gérard, Bastien, Engel, Julien, Fortunel, Claire, Heuret, Patrick, Maeght, Jean‐Luc, Martínez‐Vilalta, Jordi, and Stokes, Alexia

Subjects
PRINCIPAL components analysis, CARBOHYDRATES, CARBON cycle, TROPICAL climate, MEDITERRANEAN climate
Abstract

Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSC) are considered as indicators of the balance between tree carbon sources and sinks and reflect functional strategies throughout different biomes. However, little is known about the contribution of NSC to tree economics, and in particular, whether leaf, stem and coarse root traits co‐ordinate together into a whole‐tree economics spectrum.Twenty‐four functional traits (including NSC content) were measured in leaves, stem and coarse root xylem of up to 90 angiosperm tree species in temperate, Mediterranean and tropical climates. By performing principal component analysis and standardized major axis regression, we explored the relationships between NSC and other functional traits, as well as the effects of climate and phylogeny on these relationships.Our results revealed a covariation between leaf and coarse root NSC content and leaf economic traits, whereas stem NSC content was largely decoupled from the leaf economics spectrum that was mostly driven by leaf nitrogen content and leaf mass per area. Coarse root xylem traits were closely correlated with leaf traits, while most stem xylem traits were independent from the leaf economics spectrum but covaried with coarse root traits. Trade‐offs among traits in tropical species opposed those from other climates. Evolutionary history affected relationships among certain traits but did not change overall patterns.We conclude that due to leaf habit, an extended growing season and heightened defences, tropical species form distinct conservative resource acquisition strategies. Across all climates, as the stem must provide an efficient transport route between roots and leaves, while maintaining the display of branch and leaf organs, stem xylem design and NSC storage capacity lead to a stem economics spectrum that is largely independent from the leaf spectrum, but is coupled with that of coarse roots due to anatomical continuity. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Functional trade‐offs are driven by coordinated changes among cell types in the wood of angiosperm trees from different climates

Author

Zhang, Guangqi, primary, Mao, Zhun, additional, Maillard, Pascale, additional, Brancheriau, Loïc, additional, Gérard, Bastien, additional, Engel, Julien, additional, Fortunel, Claire, additional, Heuret, Patrick, additional, Maeght, Jean‐Luc, additional, Martínez‐Vilalta, Jordi, additional, and Stokes, Alexia, additional

Published
2023
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9. Melioidosis in Laos

Author

Buisson, Yves, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Keoluangkhot, Valy, Vongphayloth, Khamsing, Manivanh, Loungnilanh, Phetsouvanh, Rattanaphone, Pierret, Alain, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Wuthiekanun, Vanaporn, Newton, Paul N., Dance, David A. B., Morand, Serge, editor, Dujardin, Jean-Pierre, editor, Lefait-Robin, Régine, editor, and Apiwathnasorn, Chamnarn, editor

Published
2015
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11. Effet de la végétation sur le stock de carbone organique des sols : application à la compensation écologique en zone aride

Author

Barnes, Annaêl, Beugnon, Aymeric, Bazan, Samantha, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Mao, Zhun, Stokes, Alexia, Rayot, Véronique, Ismagulova, Ainagul, Barnes, Annaêl, Beugnon, Aymeric, Bazan, Samantha, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Mao, Zhun, Stokes, Alexia, Rayot, Véronique, and Ismagulova, Ainagul

Abstract

Au Kazakhstan, la compensation écologique des mines d'uranium exploitées par la technique de récupération in situ (ISR) doit être réalisée par plantations forestières, notamment de saxauls (Haloxylon sp.). Une étude a été menée dans le district de Sozak dans le sud du Kazakhstan, où la Joint-Venture franco-kazakh KATCO possède des permis d'exploitation minière, afin de vérifier l'intérêt de cette méthode de compensation du point de vue de la fourniture d'un bouquet de services écosystémiques. Cette présentation porte sur le service de régulation du climat par le biais de l'indicateur " stock de carbone organique des sols " (SCOS). Le SCOS a été évalué à travers différents paysages du district, et sous différentes strates de végétation, dont la strate arborée et arbustive. Des inventaires forestiers et de la strate herbacée ont aussi été réalisés afin de caractériser ces deux strates. Les données brutes ont révélé un faible taux de carbone organique dans le carbone total des sols. L'analyse des données a par la suite montré que les différentes strates de végétation, toutes unités paysagères confondues et sans détailler leurs caractéristiques, n'avaient pas d'effet significatif sur le SCOS. Néanmoins, le SCOS était différent en fonction des unités paysagères. A partir de ce résultat, nous avons cherché à comprendre quelle(s) caractéristique(s) des paysages étaient liée(s) au SCOS. Pour cela, nous nous sommes appuyés sur les caractéristiques de la végétation déterminées au moyen des inventaires. Finalement, les caractéristiques liées à la strate végétale supérieure à 50 cm, donc arborée et arbustive, étaient liées négativement au SCOS, contrairement aux caractéristiques de la strate végétale inférieure à 50 cm, qui concernait les herbacées pérennes et annuelles. Du point de vue du critère de stock de carbone organique des sols, ces travaux mettent en évidence la faible efficacité d'une compensation écologique réalisée uniquement par plantation forestière. Néanmoins, no

Published
2023

13. Diversity of soil biopores and their influence on soil water infiltration under various pedoclimatic conditions

Author

Védère, Charlotte, primary, Aroui Boukbida, Hanane, additional, Capowiez, Yvan, additional, Cheik, Sougueh, additional, Coulouma, Guillaume, additional, Pham Dinh, Rinh, additional, Grellier, Séraphine, additional, Hammecker, Claude, additional, Henry des Tureaux, Thierry, additional, Harit, Ajay, additional, Janeau, Jean-Louis, additional, Jouquet, Pascal, additional, Maeght, Jean-Luc, additional, Rumpel, Cornelia, additional, Sammartino, Stéphane, additional, Silvera, Norbert, additional, Siltecho, Siwaporn, additional, Smaili, Lotfi, additional, Soulileuth, Bounsamay, additional, and Bottinelli, Nicolas, additional

Published
2023
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18. Diagnosis of service tree (Sorbus domestica L.) dieback in an experimental Mediterranean agroforestry system

Author

Laurans, Marilyne, Caraglio, Yves, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Laurans, Marilyne, Caraglio, Yves, and Maeght, Jean-Luc

Abstract

Agroforestry is one of the keys to the agroecological transition. In 2008, it represented 172 500 ha of French farmland. In Hérault, at the Restinclières estate, an agroforestry research platform has been implemented in 1995 with two main tree species: hybrid walnut, Juglans nigra x Juglans regia, and service tree, Sorbus domestica L. .The service tree is a multifunctional and overlooked species of growing interest for agroforestry, forestry and urban use. Although considered drought resistant, a decline of this species has been observed on several plots within the site. The objective of this study is to identify the factors causing service tree dieback by using intra- and inter-plot variability in tree performance and retrospective analysis of growth. We assessed and quantified tree decline through architectural diagnosis. We then tested the role of water stress by focusing measurements on soil water status and root characteristics while examining several aboveground structural and functional traits. The first results highlight major water stresses over several years with differentiated impacts on the above and belowground architecture and development of trees. They show the importance of providing insights on the resilience of the service tree, in order to guide the choices of its implantation in agroforestry systems but also in forestry and urban environments.

Published
2022

23. Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Author

Cusack, Daniela Francis, primary, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., additional, Agee, Elizabeth A., additional, Andersen, Kelly M., additional, Arnaud, Marie, additional, Batterman, Sarah A., additional, Brearley, Francis Q., additional, Ciochina, Mark I., additional, Cordeiro, Amanda L., additional, Dallstream, Caroline, additional, Diaz-Toribio, Milton H., additional, Dietterich, Lee H., additional, Fisher, Joshua B., additional, Fleischer, Katrin, additional, Fortunel, Claire, additional, Fuchslueger, Lucia, additional, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., additional, Kotowska, Martyna M., additional, Lugli, Laynara Figueiredo, additional, Marín, César, additional, McCulloch, Lindsay A., additional, Maeght, Jean-Luc, additional, Metcalfe, Dan, additional, Norby, Richard J., additional, Oliveira, Rafael S., additional, Powers, Jennifer S., additional, Reichert, Tatiana, additional, Smith, Stuart W., additional, Smith-Martin, Chris M., additional, Soper, Fiona M., additional, Toro, Laura, additional, Umaña, Maria N., additional, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar, additional, Weemstra, Monique, additional, Werden, Leland K., additional, Wong, Michelle, additional, Wright, Cynthia L., additional, Wright, Stuart Joseph, additional, and Yaffar, Daniela, additional

Published
2021
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24. Comparison of nematode communities in anecic earthworm casts and adjacent soil reveal a land use-independent trophic group signature

Author

Vermeire, Marie-Liesse, Bottinelli, Nicolas, VILLENAVE, Cecile, Jouquet, Pascal, Thị, Huế, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Aribi, Jamel, Aroui Boukbida, Hanane, Tran, Minh, Masson, Anne-Sophie, Chapuis, Elodie, Bellafiore, Stéphane, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Elisol Environnement, University of Science and Technology of Hanoi (USTH), Lab Mixte Int RICE2, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), This project was financially supported by IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, France) EMINEM research project., EMINEM project, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), University of sciences and technologies of hanoi (USTH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de La Réunion (UR), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Amynthas adexilis, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Ecology, Vietnam, Meadow, Woodland, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, QH540-549.5
Abstract

International audience; By ingesting soil and organic matter in different soil horizons and depositing casts on soil surface, anecic earthworms have large influence on soil ecological processes. However, we still have a limited understanding of the consequences of earthworm casting activity on nematode communities, and the role played by the land use in this relationship. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to compare the effect of the anecic earthworm Amynthas adexilis (Thai, 1984) on the structure of nematode communities, in a woodland and meadow presenting different soil organic C content in northern Vietnam. Nematode population and physico-chemical properties of casts produced by the anecic earthworm A. adexilis and adjacent soil presenting no recent earthworm activity (0-10cm deep) were characterized. A. adexilis incorporated organic matter into its casts compared to the adjacent bulk top soil horizon, reflected by a significant increase of the organic carbon and nitrogen contents (1.4 times more in the meadow and 1.8 times more in the woodland). Earthworm casts contained 2.6 and 1.7 times more nematodes than the adjacent top soil, in meadow and woodland, respectively. The effect of earthworm casting activity on nematode community structure was similar in both land uses. Compared to the soil, casts were significantly enriched in all trophic groups (between 1.9 and 11.6 times more in casts in the meadow, and between 1.6 and 23.7 times more in casts in the woodland, depending on the trophic group), except for obligate plant feeders that were under-represented (1.4 times less in casts for both land uses). The plant parasitic index decreased in the casts compared to the soil, indicating an environment less favourable for plant parasitic nematodes.

Published
2021

26. Why link the resolution of the biodiversity crisis to the climate crisis?

Author

Biegala, Isabelle, Dangles, Olivier, Hubert, Nicolas, Ledru, Marie-Pierre, Le Loc'h, François, Maeght, Jean Luc, Oberdorff, Thierry, Pouilly, Marc, Vigouroux, Yves, Barot, Sébastien, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

27. The Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS critical zone observatory M‐TROPICS dataset II: land use, hydrology and sediment production monitoring in Houay Pano, northern Lao PDR

Author

Boithias, Laurie, Auda, Yves, Audry, Stéphane, Bricquet, Jean‐pierre, Chanhphengxay, Alounsavath, Chaplot, Vincent, Rouw, Anneke, Tureaux, Thierry Henry, Huon, Sylvain, Janeau, Jean‐louis, Latsachack, Keooudone, Le Troquer, Yann, Lestrelin, Guillaume, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Marchand, Pierre, Moreau, Pierre, Noble, Andrew, Pando‐bahuon, Anne, Phachomphon, Kongkeo, Phanthavong, Khambai, Pierret, Alain, Ribolzi, Olivier, Riotte, Jean, Robain, Henri, Rochelle‐newall, Emma, Sayavong, Saysongkham, Sengtaheuanghoung, Oloth, Silvera, Norbert, Sipaseuth, Nivong, Soulileuth, Bounsamay, Souliyavongsa, Xaysatith, Sounyaphong, Phapvilay, Tasaketh, Sengkeo, Thammahacksa, Chanthamousone, Thiebaux, Jean‐pierre, Valentin, Christian, Vigiak, Olga, Viguier, Marion, Xayyathip, Khampaseuth, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute (NAFRI), Department of Agricultural Land Management [Vientiane] (DALaM), Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Laos, Representation du Laos (IRD), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Water Management Institute [CGIAR, Laos] (IWMI), International Water Management Institute [CGIAR, Sri Lanka] (IWMI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Land‐use change, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Suspended sediment, Flash flood, Soil erosion, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water level, Teak tree plantations, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Surface runoff, Southeast Asia
Abstract

International audience; Mountain regions of the humid tropics are characterized by steep slopes and heavy rains. These regions are thus prone to both high surface runoff and soil erosion. In Southeast Asia, uplands are also subject to rapid land-use change, predominantly as a result of increased population pressure and market forces. Since 1998, the Houay Pano site, located in northern Lao PDR (19.85°N 102.17°E) within the Mekong basin, aims at assessing the long-term impact of the conversion of traditional slash-and-burn cultivation systems to commercial perennial monocultures such as teak tree plantations, on the catchment hydrological response and sediment yield. The instrumented site monitors hydro-meteorological and soil loss parameters at both microplot (1 m2) and small catchment (0.6 km2) scales. The monitored catchment is part of the network of critical zone observatories named Multiscale TROPIcal CatchmentS (M-TROPICS). The data shared by M-TROPICS in Houay Pano are (1) rainfall, (2) air temperature, air relative humidity, wind speed, and global radiation, (3) catchment land use, (4) stream water level, suspended particulate matter, bed particulate matter and stones, (5) soil surface features, and (6) soil surface runoff and soil detachment. The dataset has already been used to interpret suspended particulate matter and bed particulate matter sources and dynamics, to assess the impact of land-use change on catchment hydrology, soil erosion, and sediment yields, to understand bacteria fate and weed seed transport across the catchment, and to build catchment-scale models focused on hydrology and water quality issues. The dataset may be further used to e.g. assess the role of headwater catchments in large tropical river basin hydrology, support the interpretation of new variables measured in the catchment (e.g. contaminants other than fecal bacteria), and assess the relative impacts of both climate and land-use change on the catchment.

Published
2021

28. Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition : Field and Modeling Advances

Author

Cusack, Daniela Francis, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., Agee, Elizabeth A., Andersen, Kelly M., Arnaud, Marie, Batterman, Sarah A., Brearley, Francis Q., Ciochina, Mark I., Cordeiro, Amanda L., Dallstream, Caroline, Diaz-Toribio, Milton H., Dietterich, Lee H., Fisher, Joshua B., Fleischer, Katrin, Fortunel, Claire, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lugli, Laynara Figueiredo, Marín, César, McCulloch, Lindsay A., Maeght, Jean-Luc, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Norby, Richard J., Oliveira, Rafael S., Powers, Jennifer S., Reichert, Tatiana, Smith, Stuart W., Smith-Martin, Chris M., Soper, Fiona M., Toro, Laura, Umaña, Maria N., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar, Weemstra, Monique, Werden, Leland K., Wong, Michelle, Wright, Cynthia L., Wright, Stuart Joseph, Yaffar, Daniela, Cusack, Daniela Francis, Addo-Danso, Shalom D., Agee, Elizabeth A., Andersen, Kelly M., Arnaud, Marie, Batterman, Sarah A., Brearley, Francis Q., Ciochina, Mark I., Cordeiro, Amanda L., Dallstream, Caroline, Diaz-Toribio, Milton H., Dietterich, Lee H., Fisher, Joshua B., Fleischer, Katrin, Fortunel, Claire, Fuchslueger, Lucia, Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lugli, Laynara Figueiredo, Marín, César, McCulloch, Lindsay A., Maeght, Jean-Luc, Metcalfe, Daniel B., Norby, Richard J., Oliveira, Rafael S., Powers, Jennifer S., Reichert, Tatiana, Smith, Stuart W., Smith-Martin, Chris M., Soper, Fiona M., Toro, Laura, Umaña, Maria N., Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar, Weemstra, Monique, Werden, Leland K., Wong, Michelle, Wright, Cynthia L., Wright, Stuart Joseph, and Yaffar, Daniela

Abstract

Vegetation processes are fundamentally limited by nutrient and water availability, the uptake of which is mediated by plant roots in terrestrial ecosystems. While tropical forests play a central role in global water, carbon, and nutrient cycling, we know very little about tradeoffs and synergies in root traits that respond to resource scarcity. Tropical trees face a unique set of resource limitations, with rock-derived nutrients and moisture seasonality governing many ecosystem functions, and nutrient versus water availability often separated spatially and temporally. Root traits that characterize biomass, depth distributions, production and phenology, morphology, physiology, chemistry, and symbiotic relationships can be predictive of plants’ capacities to access and acquire nutrients and water, with links to aboveground processes like transpiration, wood productivity, and leaf phenology. In this review, we identify an emerging trend in the literature that tropical fine root biomass and production in surface soils are greatest in infertile or sufficiently moist soils. We also identify interesting paradoxes in tropical forest root responses to changing resources that merit further exploration. For example, specific root length, which typically increases under resource scarcity to expand the volume of soil explored, instead can increase with greater base cation availability, both across natural tropical forest gradients and in fertilization experiments. Also, nutrient additions, rather than reducing mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots as might be expected, increased colonization rates under scenarios of water scarcity in some forests. Efforts to include fine root traits and functions in vegetation models have grown more sophisticated over time, yet there is a disconnect between the emphasis in models characterizing nutrient and water uptake rates and carbon costs versus the emphasis in field experiments on measuring root biomass, production, and morphology in respo

Published
2021
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29. Coffee Microbiota and Its Potential Use in Sustainable Crop Management. A Review

Author

Duong, Benoit, Marraccini, P., Maeght, Jean-Luc, Vaast, P., Lebrun, Michel, and Duponnois, Robin

Subjects
core microbiota, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, plant, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Coffea, Horticulture, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Conduite de la culture, Agent de lutte biologique, Agriculture durable, Rhizobactérie, Champignon du sol, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Flore microbienne, coffee microbiota, P35 - Fertilité du sol, P34 - Biologie du sol, wastes and by-products management, Protection biologique des plantes, biocontrol agent, growth promoting agents, quality, Micro-organisme du sol, Agronomy and Crop Science, F04 - Fertilisation, Food Science
Abstract

Intensive coffee production is accompanied by several environmental issues, including soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and pollution due to the wide use of agrochemical inputs and wastes generated by processing. In addition, climate change is expected to decrease the suitability of cultivated areas while potentially increasing the distribution and impact of pests and diseases. In this context, the coffee microbiota has been increasingly studied over the past decades in order to improve the sustainability of the coffee production. Therefore, coffee associated microorganisms have been isolated and characterized in order to highlight their useful characteristics and study their potential use as sustainable alternatives to agrochemical inputs. Indeed, several microorganisms (including bacteria and fungi) are able to display plant growth-promoting capacities and/or biocontrol abilities toward coffee pests and diseases. Despite that numerous studies emphasized the potential of coffee-associated microorganisms under controlled environments, the present review highlights the lack of confirmation of such beneficial effects under field conditions. Nowadays, next-generation sequencing technologies allow to study coffee associated microorganisms with a metabarcoding/metagenomic approach. This strategy, which does not require cultivating microorganisms, now provides a deeper insight in the coffee-associated microbial communities and their implication not only in the coffee plant fitness but also in the quality of the final product. The present review aims at (i) providing an extensive description of coffee microbiota diversity both at the farming and processing levels, (ii) identifying the "coffee core microbiota," (iii) making an overview of microbiota ability to promote coffee plant growth and to control its pests and diseases, and (iv) highlighting the microbiota potential to improve coffee quality and waste management sustainability.

Published
2020
Full Text
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30. Coffee Microbiota and Its Potential Use in Sustainable Crop Management. A Review

Author

Benoit, Duong, Pierre, Marraccini, Maeght, Jean Luc, Vaast, Philippe, Duponnois, Robin, Laboratoire des symbioses tropicales et méditerranéennes (UMR LSTM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI RICE, Agricultural Genetics Institute, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR - Interactions Plantes Microorganismes Environnement (UMR IPME), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro

Subjects
Coffee microbiota, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Wastes and by-products management, Biocontrol agent, Core microbiota, Plant growth promoting agents, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Quality
Abstract

International audience; Intensive coffee production is accompanied by several environmental issues, including soil degradation, biodiversity loss, and pollution due to the wide use of agrochemical inputs and wastes generated by processing. In addition, climate change is expected to decrease the suitability of cultivated areas while potentially increasing the distribution and impact of pests and diseases. In this context, the coffee microbiota has been increasingly studied over the past decades in order to improve the sustainability of the coffee production. Therefore, coffee associated microorganisms have been isolated and characterized in order to highlight their useful characteristics and study their potential use as sustainable alternatives to agrochemical inputs. Indeed, several microorganisms (including bacteria and fungi) are able to display plant growth-promoting capacities and/or biocontrol abilities toward coffee pests and diseases. Despite that numerous studies emphasized the potential of coffee-associated microorganisms under controlled environments, the present review highlights the lack of confirmation of such beneficial effects under field conditions. Nowadays, next-generation sequencing technologies allow to study coffee associated microorganisms with a metabarcoding/metagenomic approach. This strategy, which does not require cultivating microorganisms, now provides a deeper insight in the coffee-associated microbial communities and their implication not only in the coffee plant fitness but also in the quality of the final product. The present review aims at (i) providing an extensive description of coffee microbiota diversity both at the farming and processing levels, (ii) identifying the “coffee core microbiota,” (iii) making an overview of microbiota ability to promote coffee plant growth and to control its pests and diseases, and (iv) highlighting the microbiota potential to improve coffee quality and waste management sustainability.

Published
2020

37. Intercrops improve the drought resistance of young rubber trees

Author

Hammecker, Claude, Dos Santos, Uemeson José, Duda, Gustavo Pereira, Marques, Marise Conceição, Valente De Medeiros, Erika, de Sousa Lima, José Romualdo, Soares de Souza, Eduardo, Brossard, Michel, Clermont-Dauphin, Cathy, Dissataporn, Chaiyanam, Suvannang, Nopmanee, Pongwichian, Pirach, Maeght, Jean-luc, Jourdan, Christophe, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), UFRPE, Fazenda Saco, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Land Development Department (LDD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Agroforesterie, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Water content, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, biology, Northeast Thailand, Water extraction, Intercropping, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Hevea brasiliensis, Soil horizon, Pueraria phaseoloides, Intercrop, FRLD, Woody plant, Vetiveria zizanoides, SRL, Environmental Engineering, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Vetiveria zizanioides, Culture intercalaire, Agroforestry, Predawn leaf water potential, ved/biology, Soil water profile, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chrysopogon zizanioides, Résistance à la sécheresse, Agronomy, Soil depth, Soil water, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The expansion of rubber cultivation into drought prone areas calls for innovative management to increase the drought resistance of the trees. The competition for water exerted by an intercrop in the upper soil layers will likely stimulate the growth of young rubber tree roots into deeper soil layers where water availability is more stable. This study examined the effects of a legume (Pueraria phaseoloides) and a grass (Vetiveria zizanoides) intercrop, on the fine root traits of young rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Müll. Arg.) established along a toposequence covering a range of soil depths in northeast Thailand. Two plots with and without the intercrops were set up in a 3-year-old rubber plantation. Tree girth, mortality rate, nutrient content in the leaves, predawn leaf water potential, and soil water content profiles were monitored over four successive years. Fine root length density, specific root length, fine root biomass, and fine root diameter of the rubber trees were measured in the fourth year. In shallow soils, the trees with the legume intercrop had a higher growth rate, a higher leaf nutrient content, and a higher fine root length density in the deepest soil layers than the controls, supporting the hypothesis of an adaptive root response, increasing drought resistance. However, the trees with the grass intercrop did not show this effect. In deep soils, specific root length was highest without the intercrops, and the soil water profile and predawn leaf water potential suggested that trees with intercrops benefited from increased water extraction below 110 cm depth. We showed, for the first time, that rubber tree root traits can be manipulated through intercropping to improve drought resistance. However, our results suggest intercropping might not reduce risks of tree mortality caused by drought in the shallowest soils of the subhumid area of northeast Thailand.

Published
2018

38. An evaluation of inexpensive methods for root image acquisition when using rhizotrons

Author

Mohamed, Awaz, Monnier, Yogan, Mao, Zhun, Lobet, Guillaume, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Ramel, Merlin, Stokes, Alexia, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, Université Catholique de Louvain, and Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) )

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Methodology, Plant Science, Time-lapse camera, juglans nigra x juglans regia, Flatbed scanner, Handheld scanner, ddc:580, Fine root elongation rate, smartphone, Genetics, Smartphone, Biotechnology
Abstract

Background: Belowground processes play an essential role in ecosystem nutrient cycling and the global carbon budget cycle. Quantifying fine root growth is crucial to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function and in predicting how ecosystems respond to climate variability. A better understanding of root system growth is necessary, but choosing the best method of observation is complex, especially in the natural soil environment. Here, we compare five methods of root image acquisition using inexpensive technology that is currently available on the market: flatbed scanner, handheld scanner, manual tracing, a smartphone application scanner and a time-lapse camera. Using the five methods, root elongation rate (RER) was measured for three months, on roots of hybrid walnut (Juglans nigra x Juglans regia L) in rhizotrons installed in agroforests. Results: When all methods were compared together, there were no significant differences in relative cumulative root length. However, the time- lapse camera and the manual tracing method significantly overestimated the relative mean diameter of roots compared to the three scanning methods. The smartphone scanning application was found to perform best overall when considering image quality and ease of use in the field. The automatic time- lapse camera was useful for measuring RER over several months without any human intervention. Conclusion: Our results show that inexpensive scanning and automated methods provide correct measurements of root elongation and length (but not diameter when using the time-lapse camera). These methods are capable of detecting fine roots to a diameter of 0.1 mm and can therefore be selected by the user depending on the data required.

Published
2017

39. Vegetation as a driver of temporal variations in slope stability : the impact of hydrological processes

Author

Kim, John H., Fourcaud, Thierry, Jourdan, Christophe, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Mao, Zhun, Metayer, James, Meylan, Louise, Pierret, Alain, Rapidel, Bruno, Roupsard, Olivier, De Rouw, Anneke, Villatoro-Sánchez, Mario, Wang, Yan, Stokes, Alexia, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES (UMR_7618 / UMR_D_242 / UMR_A_1392 / UM_113) ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Soils and Fertilizers Research Institute (SFRI), Vietnam Academy of Agricultural Sciences (VAAS), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centro de Investigaciones Agronómicas (CIAS), Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica, ANR-10-STRA-003-001, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), ANR-10-STRA-0003,ECOSFIX,Services écosystémiques des racines – redistribution hydrique, séquestration du carbone et fixation du sol(2010), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
landslide, factor of safety, literature review, temporal variability, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Conservation des sols, Couvert, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, couverture du sol, Couverture végétale, Arbre forestier, Hydrologie, P36 - Érosion, conservation et récupération des sols, Utilisation des terres, reliability, Érosion, glissement de terrain, land use, Montagne, E11 - Économie et politique foncières, Terre en pente, Forêt, rock slides, Stabilisation du sol
Abstract

Although vegetation is increasingly used to mitigate landslide risks, how vegetation affects the temporal variability of slope stability is poorly understood, especially in earthquake-prone regions. We combined 3-year long soil moisture monitoring, measurements of soil physical properties and plant functional traits, and numerical modeling to compare slope stability under paired land uses with and without trees in tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate landslide- and earthquake-prone regions. Trees improved stability for 5-12 months per year from drawdown of soil moisture and resulted in less interannual variability in the duration of high-stability periods compared to slopes without trees. Our meta-analysis of published data also showed that slopes with woody vegetation were more stable and less sensitive to climate and soil factors than slopes with herbaceous vegetation. However, estimates of earthquake magnitude necessary to destabilize slopes at our sites suggest that large additional stabilization from trees is necessary for meaningful protection against external triggers.

Published
2017

40. An evaluation of inexpensive methods for root image acquisition when using rhizotrons

Author

UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, Mohamed, Awaz, Monnier, Yogan, Mao, Zhun, Lobet, Guillaume, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Ramel, Merlin, Stokes, Alexia, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIA - Agronomy, Mohamed, Awaz, Monnier, Yogan, Mao, Zhun, Lobet, Guillaume, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Ramel, Merlin, and Stokes, Alexia

Abstract

Background Belowground processes play an essential role in ecosystem nutrient cycling and the global carbon budget cycle. Quantifying fine root growth is crucial to the understanding of ecosystem structure and function and in predicting how ecosystems respond to climate variability. A better understanding of root system growth is necessary, but choosing the best method of observation is complex, especially in the natural soil environment. Here, we compare five methods of root image acquisition using inexpensive technology that is currently available on the market: flatbed scanner, handheld scanner, manual tracing, a smartphone application scanner and a time-lapse camera. Using the five methods, root elongation rate (RER) was measured for three months, on roots of hybrid walnut (Juglans nigra × Juglans regia L.) in rhizotrons installed in agroforests. Results When all methods were compared together, there were no significant differences in relative cumulative root length. However, the time-lapse camera and the manual tracing method significantly overestimated the relative mean diameter of roots compared to the three scanning methods. The smartphone scanning application was found to perform best overall when considering image quality and ease of use in the field. The automatic time-lapse camera was useful for measuring RER over several months without any human intervention. Conclusion Our results show that inexpensive scanning and automated methods provide correct measurements of root elongation and length (but not diameter when using the time-lapse camera). These methods are capable of detecting fine roots to a diameter of 0.1 mm and can therefore be selected by the user depending on the data required.

Published
2017

41. Burkholderia pseudomallei in a lowland rice paddy: Seasonal changes and influence of soil depth and physico-chemical properties

Author

Manivanh, L., Pierret, Alain, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Kounnavongsa, O., Buisson, Y., Elliott, I., Maeght, Jean-Luc, Xayyathip, K., Silisouk, J., Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Phetsouvanh, R., Newton, Paul, Lacombe, Guillaume, Ribolzi, Olivier, Rochelle-Newall, Emma, Dance, D. A. B., Manivanh, L., Pierret, Alain, Rattanavong, Sayaphet, Kounnavongsa, O., Buisson, Y., Elliott, I., Maeght, Jean-Luc, Xayyathip, K., Silisouk, J., Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Phetsouvanh, R., Newton, Paul, Lacombe, Guillaume, Ribolzi, Olivier, Rochelle-Newall, Emma, and Dance, D. A. B.

Abstract

Melioidosis, a severe infection with the environmental bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, is being recognised increasingly frequently. What determines its uneven distribution within endemic areas is poorly understood. We cultured soil from a rice field in Laos for B. pseudomallei at different depths on 4 occasions over a 13-month period. We also measured physical and chemical parameters in order to identify associated characteristics. Overall, 195 of 653 samples (29.7%) yielded B. pseudomallei. A higher prevalence of B. pseudomallei was found at soil depths greater than the 30 cm currently recommended for B. pseudomallei environmental sampling. B. pseudomallei was associated with a high soil water content and low total nitrogen, carbon and organic matter content. Our results suggested that a sampling grid of 25 five metre square quadrats (i.e. 25 × 25 m) should be sufficient to detect B. pseudomallei at a given location if samples are taken at a soil depth of at least 60 cm. However, culture of B. pseudomallei in environmental samples is difficult and liable to variation. Future studies should both rely on molecular approaches and address the micro-heterogeneity of soil when investigating physico-chemical associations with the presence of B. pseudomallei.

Published
2017

42. Seasonal hydrological impacts of land use on hillslope stability

Author

Kim, John, de Rouw, Anneke, Fourcaud, Thierry, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Mao, Zhun, Metayer, James, Meylan, Louise, Pierret, Alain, Rapidel, Bruno, Villatoro, Mario, Wang, Yan, Stokes, Alexia, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (IEES), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Vegetal Biology, stabilité du sol, soil stabilization, laos, pente, variabilité hydrologique, costa rica, utilisation des terres, stabilisation du sol, land equivalent ratio, slope, land-use management, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, pente du sol, Hydrology, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, france, Biologie végétale, Hydrologie, gestion du territoire
Abstract

Shallow landslides can pose a major threat to human lives and infrastructure over significant portions of the global land surface and occur primarily from weakened soil shear resistance due to water infiltration. Although there is growing interest in using vegetation to stabilize hillslopes against landslides, we noted the scarcity of studies examining temporal variations in slope stability, particularly with regard to different land uses. In three tropical and temperate landslide-prone regions (Laos, Costa Rica and France), we combined soil moisture monitoring to 1.2-1.8 m depths in the field, soil shear resistance measurements and numerical modeling to compare slope stability under competing land uses for 2-3 years. Slope stability tracked temporal changes in soil moisture, with smaller contributions from root mechanical reinforcement. Land uses with denser vegetation had greater stabilizing impacts than those with sparser vegetation, which lasted for six to twelve months per year and coincided temporally with growing or rainy/dry seasons. Greater stability under denser land use persisted into wet seasons in one of the sites and were minimized or reversed in the other two sites. Site-specific factors such as climate, soil and species may explain these differences in the vegetational control on slope stability. A review of the data in the literature found that woody vegetation increased slope stability and decreased temporal variation in stability compared to herbaceous vegetation. However, while variations in slope stability decreased in increasingly humid climates, indicating that the largest fluctuations in stability, and hence potential to improve slope integrity with land-use changes, will be found in arid to sub-humid regions. Our results show that dense vegetation provides greater stability and protection against landslides from rainfall. Land managers need to take into account this biological control on hydrology when managing vegetated slopes. Incorporating the vegetation-driven deep soil moisture dynamics will also improve predictive utility of models of specific events.

Published
2016

47. Agroforestry: Can trees change aggregate stability ?

Author

Monnier, Yogan, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Le Bissonnais, Yves, Roumet, Catherine, Stokes, Alexia, BotAnique et BioinforMatique de l'Architecture des Plantes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Ouest])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)

Subjects
Soil aggregate stability, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Agroforestry, tree line
Abstract

National audience; Soil erosion in farmlands is a major cause of water quality degradation and reduced crops production potential throughout the European countries. In agroforests, if the role of tree lines as physical barriers to runoffs is easily understanding, processes involving rooting systems and soil erodilbility are still unknown. Objectives-Do the presence of a tree line improve soil aggregate stability ?

Published
2015

49. Hoi Thao Quoc Gia Dat Viet Nam Hiên Trang Su Dung Va Thach Thuc

Author

Rochelle Newall, Emma, Do Duy Phai, Janeau, Jean-Louis, Jouquet, Pascal, Henry des Tureaux, Thierry, Maeght, Jean-Luc, Nguyen Duy Phuong, Nguyen Van Thiet, Orange, Didier, Pham Dinh Rinh, Podwojewski, Pascal, Ribolzi, Olivier, De Rouw, Anneke, Silvera, Norbert, Doan Thi Thuy, Tran Minh Tien, Tran Duc Toan, Tran Sy Hai, and Valentin, Christian

Subjects
BASSIN VERSANT, COOPERATION SCIENTIFIQUE, BIOLOGIE DU SOL, EROSION, SYSTEME DE CULTURE, PROGRAMME DE RECHERCHE, UTILISATION DU SOL
Abstract

For almost two decades, the French Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) has been working in partnership with the Soils and Fertilizer Research Institute (SFRI) to study soil erosion and land use change in the small catchment of Dong Cao, Tien Xuan, North Vietnam. This partnership forms one of the main pillars of the regional Multi - Scale Environmental Changes observatory (MSEC, http://msec.obs - mip.fr/) that was launched in 1998. This network studies three headwater catchments representative of the sloping lands of Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Laos and Thailand) and collects data on weather, land use, agricultural practices, soil, stream discharge, and sediment yields in these catchments. The research conducted within the MSEC framework in Vietnam has demonstrated that the conversion of cassava crops to planted forests and fallows results in reducing erosion. It has also shown the importance of soil biological activity (earthworms - termites) in reducing erosion. Other work has focused on the impacts of erosion on downstream aquatic ecosystems and has shown the importance of studying this often ignored aspect of erosion. All of these results underline the advantages of collaborative research on the long term and further highlight the effectiveness of the long term partnership between SFRI and IRD.

Published
2015

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