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114 results on '"Madruga Garrido, M."'

3. Delphi consensus on recommendations for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy in Spain (RET-AME consensus)

Author

Pitarch Castellano, I., Cabrera-Serrano, M., Calvo Medina, R., Cattinari, M.G., Espinosa García, S., Fernández-Ramos, J.A., García Campos, O., Gómez-Andrés, D., Grimalt Calatayud, M.A., Gutiérrez Martínez, A.J., Ibáñez Albert, E., Kapetanovic García, S., Madruga-Garrido, M., Martínez-Moreno, M., Medina Cantillo, J., Melián Suárez, A.I., Moreno Escribano, A., Munell, F., Nascimento Osorio, A., Pascual-Pascual, S.I., Povedano, M., Santana Casiano, I.M., and Vázquez-Costa, J.F.

Published
2022
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4. Consenso Delphi de las recomendaciones para el tratamiento de los pacientes con atrofia muscular espinal en España (consenso RET-AME)

Author

Pitarch Castellano, I., Cabrera-Serrano, M., Calvo Medina, R., Cattinari, M.G., Espinosa García, S., Fernández-Ramos, J.A., García Campos, O., Gómez-Andrés, D., Grimalt Calatayud, M.A., Gutiérrez Martínez, A.J., Ibáñez Albert, E., Kapetanovic García, S., Madruga-Garrido, M., Martínez-Moreno, M., Medina Cantillo, J., Melián Suárez, A.I., Moreno Escribano, A., Munell, F., Nascimento Osorio, A., Pascual-Pascual, S.I., Povedano, M., Santana Casiano, I.M., and Vázquez-Costa, J.F.

Published
2022
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7. Safety and efficacy of tamoxifen in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (TAMDMD): a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial.

Author

Henzi, B.C., Schmidt, S., Nagy, S., Rubino-Nacht, D., Schaedelin, S., Putananickal, N., Stimpson, G., Amthor, H., Childs, A.M., Deconinck, N., Groot, I.J.M. de, Horrocks, I., Houwen-van Opstal, S.L.S., Laugel, V., Lopez Lobato, M., Madruga Garrido, M., Nascimento Osorio, A., Schara-Schmidt, U., Spinty, S., Moers, A. von, Lawrence, F., Hafner, P., Dorchies, O.M., Fischer, D., Henzi, B.C., Schmidt, S., Nagy, S., Rubino-Nacht, D., Schaedelin, S., Putananickal, N., Stimpson, G., Amthor, H., Childs, A.M., Deconinck, N., Groot, I.J.M. de, Horrocks, I., Houwen-van Opstal, S.L.S., Laugel, V., Lopez Lobato, M., Madruga Garrido, M., Nascimento Osorio, A., Schara-Schmidt, U., Spinty, S., Moers, A. von, Lawrence, F., Hafner, P., Dorchies, O.M., and Fischer, D.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Drug repurposing could provide novel treatment options for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Because tamoxifen-an oestrogen receptor regulator-reduced signs of muscular pathology in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model, we aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of tamoxifen in humans as an adjunct to corticosteroid therapy over a period of 48 weeks. METHODS: We did a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial at 12 study centres in seven European countries. We enrolled ambulant boys aged 6·5-12·0 years with a genetically confirmed diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and who were on stable corticosteroid treatment for more than 6 months. Exclusion criteria included ophthalmological disorders, including cataracts, and haematological disorders. We randomly assigned (1:1) participants using an online randomisation tool to either 20 mg tamoxifen orally per day or matched placebo, stratified by centre and corticosteroid intake. Participants, caregivers, and clinical investigators were masked to treatment assignments. Tamoxifen was taken in addition to standard care with corticosteroids, and participants attended study visits for examinations every 12 weeks. The primary efficacy outcome was the change from baseline to week 48 in scores on the D1 domain of the Motor Function Measure in the intention-to-treat population (defined as all patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria and began treatment). This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03354039) and is completed. FINDINGS: Between May 24, 2018, and Oct 14, 2020, 95 boys were screened for inclusion, and 82 met inclusion criteria and were initially enrolled into the study. Three boys were excluded after initial screening due to cataract diagnosis or revoked consent directly after screening, but before randomisation. A further boy assigned to the placebo group did not begin treatment. Therefore, 40 individuals assigned tamoxifen and 38 allocated placebo were inc

Published
2023

8. VP.55 Fatigue, pain, breathing, voice, fatigability, sleep, rest and vulnerability as meaningful outcomes in SMA care: the patients´ and caregivers' voice

Author

Povedano, M., primary, Vázquez-Costa, J., additional, Pitarch, I., additional, López-Lobato, M., additional, Medina, J., additional, Fernández-Ramos, J., additional, Lafuente-Hidalgo, M., additional, Rojas-García, R., additional, Caballero-Caballero, J., additional, Málaga, I., additional, Eirís, J., additional, De Lemus, M., additional, Cattinari, M., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Branas, M., additional, Cabello-Moruno, R., additional, Díaz-Abós, P., additional, Terrancle, A., additional, Maurino, J., additional, and Rebollo, P., additional

Published
2022
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10. Safety and efficacy of once-daily risdiplam in type 2 and non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy (SUNFISH part 2): a phase 3, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Author

Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Deconinck, N., Mazzone, Elena Stacy, Nascimento, A., Oskoui, M., Saito, K., Vuillerot, C., Baranello, Giovanni, Boespflug-Tanguy, O., Goemans, N., Kirschner, J., Kostera-Pruszczyk, A., Servais, L., Gerber, M., Gorni, K., Khwaja, O., Kletzl, H., Scalco, R. S., Staunton, H., Yeung, W. Y., Martin, Craig, Fontoura, P., Day, J. W., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Fuerst-Recktenwald, S., Marquet, A., Mulhardt, N., Trundell, D., Daron, A., Delstanche, S., Romain, B., Dal Farra, F., Schneider, O., Balikova, I., Delbeke, P., Joniau, I., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., Casteels, I., De Waele, L., Cassiman, C., Prove, L., Kinoo, D., Vancampenhout, L., Van Den Hauwe, M., Van Impe, A., Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araujo, A., Chacon Pereira, A., Nardes, F., Haefeli, L., Rossetto, J., Almeida Pereira, J., Ferreira Rebel, M., Campbell, C., Sharan, S., Mcdonald, W., Scholtes, C., Mah, J., Sframeli, M., Chiu, A., Hagel, J., Beneish, R., Pham, C., Toffoli, D., Arpin, S., Turgeon Desilets, S., Wang, Y., Hu, C., Huang, J., Qian, C., Shen, L., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Li, H., Wang, S., Xiong, H., Chang, X., Dong, H., Liu, Y., Sang, T., Wei, C., Wen, J., Cao, Y., Lv, X., Zhao, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Gidaro, T., Seferian, A., De Lucia, Sara Sofia, Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Momtchilova, M. M., Peche, H., Valherie, C., Grange, A., Lilien, C., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Ravelli, C., Cardas, R., Vanden Brande, L., Davion, J. -B., Coopman, S., Bouacha, I., Debruyne, P., Defoort, S., Derlyn, G., Leroy, F., Danjoux, L., Guilbaud, J., Desguerre, I., Barnerias, C., Semeraro, M., Bremond-Gignac, D., Bruere, L., Rateaux, M., Deladriere, E., Germa, V., Pereon, Y., Magot, A., Mercie, S., Billaud, F., Le Goff, L., Letellier, G., Portefaix, A., Fontaine, S., De-Montferrand, C., Le-Goff, L., Saidi, M., Bouzid, N., Barriere, A., Tinat, M., Dreesbach, M., Lagreze, W., Michaelis, B., Molnar, F., Seger, D., Vogt, S., Bertini, Enrico Silvio, D'Amico, Adele, Petroni, S., Bonetti, A. M., Carlesi, A., Mizzoni, I., Bruno, C., Priolo, E., Rao, G., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Zuffi, A., Comi, G. P., Brusa, R., Corti, Serafino, Daniele, V., Govoni, A., Magri, F., Minorini, V., Osnaghi, S. G., Abbati, F., Fassini, F., Foa, M., Lopopolo, A., Meneri, M., Zoppas, F., Parente, V., Masson, R., Bianchi Marzoli, Stefania, Santarsiero, Rocco Domenico, Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Zanin, Renata, Amorelli, Giulia Maria, Barresi, C., D'Amico, Guglielmo, Orazi, Lorenzo, Coratti, Giorgia, Haginoya, K., Kato, A., Morishita, Y., Kira, R., Akiyama, K., Goto, M., Mori, Y., Okamoto, M., Tsutsui, S., Takatsuji, Y., Tanaka, A., Komaki, H., Suzuki, I., Takeuchi, M., Todoroki, D., Watanabe, S., Omori, M., Matsubayashi, T., Inakazu, E., Nagura, H., Suzuki, A., Osaka, H., Ohashi, M., Ishikawa, N., Harada, Y., Fudeyasu, K., Hirata, K., Michiue, K., Ueda, K., Yashiro, S., Seki, M., Sano, N., Uemura, A., Fukuyama, K., Matsumoto, Y., Miyazaki, H., Shibata, M., Kobayashi, K., Nakamura, Y., Takeshima, Y., Kuma, M., Fraczek, A., Jedrzejowska, M., Lusakowska, A., Czeszyk-Piotrowicz, A., Hautz, W., Rakusiewicz, K., Burlewicz, M., Gierlak-Wojcicka, Z., Kepa, M., Sikorski, A., Sobieraj, M., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Lemska, A., Modrzejewska, S., Koberda, M., Stodolska-Koberda, U., Waskowska, A., Kolendo, J., Sobierajska-Rek, A., Steinborn, B., Dalz, M., Grabowska, J., Hajduk, W., Janasiewicz-Karachitos, J., Klimas, M., Stopa, M., Gajewska, E., Pusz, B., Vlodavets, D., Melnik, E., Leppenen, N., Yupatova, N., Monakhova, A., Papina, Y., Shidlovsckaia, O., Milic Rasic, V., Brankovic, V., Kosac, A., Djokic, O., Jaksic, V., Pepic, A., Martinovic, J., Munell Casadesus, F., Tizzano, E., Martin Begue, N., Wolley Dod, C., Subira, O., Planas Pascual, B., Toro Tamargo, E., Madruga Garrido, M., Medina Romero, J. D., Salinas, M. P., Nascimento Osorio, A., Diaz Cortes, A., Jimenez Ganan, E., Suh, S. D., Medina Cantillo, J., Moya, O., Padros, N., Roca Urraca, S., Gonzalez Valdivia, H., Pascual Pascual, S., de Manuel, S., Noval Martin, S., Burnham, P., Espinosa Garcia, S., Martinez Moreno, M., Topaloglu, H., Oncel, I., Eroglu Ertugrul, N., Konuskan, B., Eldem, B., Kadayifcilar, S., Alemdaroglu, I., Ayse Karaduman, A., Tunca Yilmaz, O., Bilgin, N., Sari, S., Chiriboga, C., Kane, S., Lee, J., Rome-Martin, D., Beres, S., Duong, T., Gee, R., Dunaway Young, S., Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365), Mazzone E. S., Baranello G., Martin C., De Lucia S., Bertini E., D'Amico A., Corti S., Bianchi Marzoli S., Santarsiero D., Zanin R., Amorelli G. M., D'Amico G., Orazi L., Coratti G. (ORCID:0000-0001-6666-5628), Mercuri, Eugenio Maria, Deconinck, N., Mazzone, Elena Stacy, Nascimento, A., Oskoui, M., Saito, K., Vuillerot, C., Baranello, Giovanni, Boespflug-Tanguy, O., Goemans, N., Kirschner, J., Kostera-Pruszczyk, A., Servais, L., Gerber, M., Gorni, K., Khwaja, O., Kletzl, H., Scalco, R. S., Staunton, H., Yeung, W. Y., Martin, Craig, Fontoura, P., Day, J. W., Volpe, J. J., Posner, J., Kellner, U., Quinlivan, R., Fuerst-Recktenwald, S., Marquet, A., Mulhardt, N., Trundell, D., Daron, A., Delstanche, S., Romain, B., Dal Farra, F., Schneider, O., Balikova, I., Delbeke, P., Joniau, I., Tahon, V., Wittevrongel, S., De Vos, E., Casteels, I., De Waele, L., Cassiman, C., Prove, L., Kinoo, D., Vancampenhout, L., Van Den Hauwe, M., Van Impe, A., Prufer de Queiroz Campos Araujo, A., Chacon Pereira, A., Nardes, F., Haefeli, L., Rossetto, J., Almeida Pereira, J., Ferreira Rebel, M., Campbell, C., Sharan, S., Mcdonald, W., Scholtes, C., Mah, J., Sframeli, M., Chiu, A., Hagel, J., Beneish, R., Pham, C., Toffoli, D., Arpin, S., Turgeon Desilets, S., Wang, Y., Hu, C., Huang, J., Qian, C., Shen, L., Xiao, Y., Zhou, Z., Li, H., Wang, S., Xiong, H., Chang, X., Dong, H., Liu, Y., Sang, T., Wei, C., Wen, J., Cao, Y., Lv, X., Zhao, J., Li, W., Qin, L., Barisic, N., Galiot Delic, M., Ivkic, P. K., Vukojevic, N., Kern, I., Najdanovic, B., Skugor, M., Gidaro, T., Seferian, A., De Lucia, Sara Sofia, Barreau, E., Mnafek, N., Momtchilova, M. M., Peche, H., Valherie, C., Grange, A., Lilien, C., Milascevic, D., Tachibana, S., Ravelli, C., Cardas, R., Vanden Brande, L., Davion, J. -B., Coopman, S., Bouacha, I., Debruyne, P., Defoort, S., Derlyn, G., Leroy, F., Danjoux, L., Guilbaud, J., Desguerre, I., Barnerias, C., Semeraro, M., Bremond-Gignac, D., Bruere, L., Rateaux, M., Deladriere, E., Germa, V., Pereon, Y., Magot, A., Mercie, S., Billaud, F., Le Goff, L., Letellier, G., Portefaix, A., Fontaine, S., De-Montferrand, C., Le-Goff, L., Saidi, M., Bouzid, N., Barriere, A., Tinat, M., Dreesbach, M., Lagreze, W., Michaelis, B., Molnar, F., Seger, D., Vogt, S., Bertini, Enrico Silvio, D'Amico, Adele, Petroni, S., Bonetti, A. M., Carlesi, A., Mizzoni, I., Bruno, C., Priolo, E., Rao, G., Morando, S., Tacchetti, P., Zuffi, A., Comi, G. P., Brusa, R., Corti, Serafino, Daniele, V., Govoni, A., Magri, F., Minorini, V., Osnaghi, S. G., Abbati, F., Fassini, F., Foa, M., Lopopolo, A., Meneri, M., Zoppas, F., Parente, V., Masson, R., Bianchi Marzoli, Stefania, Santarsiero, Rocco Domenico, Garcia Sierra, M., Tremolada, G., Arnoldi, M. T., Vigano, M., Zanin, Renata, Amorelli, Giulia Maria, Barresi, C., D'Amico, Guglielmo, Orazi, Lorenzo, Coratti, Giorgia, Haginoya, K., Kato, A., Morishita, Y., Kira, R., Akiyama, K., Goto, M., Mori, Y., Okamoto, M., Tsutsui, S., Takatsuji, Y., Tanaka, A., Komaki, H., Suzuki, I., Takeuchi, M., Todoroki, D., Watanabe, S., Omori, M., Matsubayashi, T., Inakazu, E., Nagura, H., Suzuki, A., Osaka, H., Ohashi, M., Ishikawa, N., Harada, Y., Fudeyasu, K., Hirata, K., Michiue, K., Ueda, K., Yashiro, S., Seki, M., Sano, N., Uemura, A., Fukuyama, K., Matsumoto, Y., Miyazaki, H., Shibata, M., Kobayashi, K., Nakamura, Y., Takeshima, Y., Kuma, M., Fraczek, A., Jedrzejowska, M., Lusakowska, A., Czeszyk-Piotrowicz, A., Hautz, W., Rakusiewicz, K., Burlewicz, M., Gierlak-Wojcicka, Z., Kepa, M., Sikorski, A., Sobieraj, M., Mazurkiewicz-Beldzinska, M., Lemska, A., Modrzejewska, S., Koberda, M., Stodolska-Koberda, U., Waskowska, A., Kolendo, J., Sobierajska-Rek, A., Steinborn, B., Dalz, M., Grabowska, J., Hajduk, W., Janasiewicz-Karachitos, J., Klimas, M., Stopa, M., Gajewska, E., Pusz, B., Vlodavets, D., Melnik, E., Leppenen, N., Yupatova, N., Monakhova, A., Papina, Y., Shidlovsckaia, O., Milic Rasic, V., Brankovic, V., Kosac, A., Djokic, O., Jaksic, V., Pepic, A., Martinovic, J., Munell Casadesus, F., Tizzano, E., Martin Begue, N., Wolley Dod, C., Subira, O., Planas Pascual, B., Toro Tamargo, E., Madruga Garrido, M., Medina Romero, J. D., Salinas, M. P., Nascimento Osorio, A., Diaz Cortes, A., Jimenez Ganan, E., Suh, S. D., Medina Cantillo, J., Moya, O., Padros, N., Roca Urraca, S., Gonzalez Valdivia, H., Pascual Pascual, S., de Manuel, S., Noval Martin, S., Burnham, P., Espinosa Garcia, S., Martinez Moreno, M., Topaloglu, H., Oncel, I., Eroglu Ertugrul, N., Konuskan, B., Eldem, B., Kadayifcilar, S., Alemdaroglu, I., Ayse Karaduman, A., Tunca Yilmaz, O., Bilgin, N., Sari, S., Chiriboga, C., Kane, S., Lee, J., Rome-Martin, D., Beres, S., Duong, T., Gee, R., Dunaway Young, S., Mercuri E. (ORCID:0000-0002-9851-5365), Mazzone E. S., Baranello G., Martin C., De Lucia S., Bertini E., D'Amico A., Corti S., Bianchi Marzoli S., Santarsiero D., Zanin R., Amorelli G. M., D'Amico G., Orazi L., and Coratti G. (ORCID:0000-0001-6666-5628)

Abstract

Background: Risdiplam is an oral small molecule approved for the treatment of patients with spinal muscular atrophy, with approval for use in patients with type 2 and type 3 spinal muscular atrophy granted on the basis of unpublished data. The drug modifies pre-mRNA splicing of the SMN2 gene to increase production of functional SMN. We aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of risdiplam in patients with type 2 or non-ambulant type 3 spinal muscular atrophy. Methods: In this phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients aged 2–25 years with confirmed 5q autosomal recessive type 2 or type 3 spinal muscular atrophy were recruited from 42 hospitals in 14 countries across Europe, North America, South America, and Asia. Participants were eligible if they were non-ambulant, could sit independently, and had a score of at least 2 in entry item A of the Revised Upper Limb Module. Patients were stratified by age and randomly assigned (2:1) to receive either daily oral risdiplam, at a dose of 5·00 mg (for individuals weighing ≥20 kg) or 0·25 mg/kg (for individuals weighing <20 kg), or daily oral placebo (matched to risdiplam in colour and taste). Randomisation was conducted by permutated block randomisation with a computerised system run by an external party. Patients, investigators, and all individuals in direct contact with patients were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline in the 32-item Motor Function Measure total score at month 12. All individuals who were randomly assigned to risdiplam or placebo, and who did not meet the prespecified missing item criteria for exclusion, were included in the primary efficacy analysis. Individuals who received at least one dose of risdiplam or placebo were included in the safety analysis. SUNFISH is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02908685. Recruitment is closed; the study is ongoing. Findings: Between Oct 9, 2017, and Sept 4, 2018, 180 patients were rand

Published
2022

11. Design of a Non-Interventional Study to Validate a Set of Patient- and Caregiver-Oriented Measurements to Assess Health Outcomes in Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA-TOOL Study)

Author

Madruga-Garrido M, Vázquez-Costa JF, Medina J, Brañas M, Cattinari MG, de Lemus M, Díaz-Abós P, Sánchez-Menéndez V, Terrancle Á, Rebollo P, and Maurino J

Subjects
Quality of life, Activities of daily living, Activities of daily living, Outcome measures, Patients and caregivers, Quality of life, Spinal muscular atrophy, Spinal muscular atrophy, Outcome measures, Patients and caregivers
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: There is a need to optimize the current clinical outcome measures in spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) incorporating patients' and caregivers' perspectives. The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties (validity, reliability and sensitivity to change) of a set of existing questionnaires and newly created items grouped in a "toolbox" to assess the impact of SMA on the physical, psychological and activities of daily living domains of the patient's life. METHODS: This non-interventional, prospective study will be conducted at 12 neuromuscular clinics specialized in the management of patients with SMA in Spain. An expert panel of pediatric and adult neurologists, rehabilitation physicians, and a patient representative participated in the study design and selected key disease dimensions to explore and their respective measurements: mobility-independence, fatigue and endurance, pain, fatigability, breathing and voice, sleep and rest, and vulnerability. Patients aged 2 years or older with a confirmed diagnosis of 5q-autosomal recessive SMA (genetic confirmation of homozygous deletion or heterozygosity predictive of loss of function of the SMN1 gene) will be recruited. PLANNED OUTCOMES: The development of robust outcome measures in collaboration with the patient community is essential to determine what is meaningful to patients and their caregivers. This study will provide us with a comprehensive set of tools to better capture the course of the disease and the response to treatments.

Published
2021

12. Trastornos de tics e impulso premonitorio: validación de la versión española de la «Escala para el Impulso Premonitorio al Tic» en niños y adolescentes

Author

Forcadell, E., primary, Garcia-Delgar, B., additional, Nicolau, R., additional, Pérez-Vigil, A., additional, Cordovilla, C., additional, Lázaro, L., additional, Ibáñez, L., additional, Mir, P., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Correa-Vela, M., additional, and Morer, A., additional

Published
2020
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13. MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES & METABOLIC MYOPATHIES

Author

Paradas, C., primary, Domínguez-González, C., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Hirano, M., additional, Martí, I., additional, Munell, F., additional, Nascimento, A., additional, Olivé, M., additional, Quan, J., additional, Sardina, D., additional, and Martí, R., additional

Published
2020
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15. O.2Growth differentiation factor 15 is a valuable biomarker of therapeutic response for TK2 deficient myopathy

Author

Domínguez-González, C., primary, Badosa, C., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Martí, I., additional, Paradas, C., additional, Ortez, C., additional, Diaz-Manera, J., additional, Blázquez-Bermejo, C., additional, Cámara, Y., additional, Martí, R., additional, Mavillard Saborido, F., additional, Martin, M., additional, Martín-Hernández, E., additional, Montero, R., additional, Artuch, R., additional, Kalko, S., additional, Nascimento, A., additional, and Jimenez-Mallebrera, C., additional

Published
2019
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16. P.60A retrospective study of the combination of pyrimidine nucleos(t)ides in patients with thymidine kinase 2 (TK2) deficiency

Author

Quan, J., primary, Domínguez-González, C., additional, Paradas, C., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Nascimento Osorio, A., additional, Munell, F., additional, Mandel, H., additional, Falik-Zaccai, T., additional, Ginsberg, M., additional, Tal, G., additional, Garone, C., additional, Barca, E., additional, Moors, T., additional, and Hirano, M., additional

Published
2019
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18. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author

Anttila, V. Bulik-Sullivan, B. Finucane, H.K. Walters, R.K. Bras, J. Duncan, L. Escott-Price, V. Falcone, G.J. Gormley, P. Malik, R. Patsopoulos, N.A. Ripke, S. Wei, Z. Yu, D. Lee, P.H. Turley, P. Grenier-Boley, B. Chouraki, V. Kamatani, Y. Berr, C. Letenneur, L. Hannequin, D. Amouyel, P. Boland, A. Deleuze, J.-F. Duron, E. Vardarajan, B.N. Reitz, C. Goate, A.M. Huentelman, M.J. Ilyas Kamboh, M. Larson, E.B. Rogaeva, E. George-Hyslop, P.S. Hakonarson, H. Kukull, W.A. Farrer, L.A. Barnes, L.L. Beach, T.G. Yesim Demirci, F. Head, E. Hulette, C.M. Jicha, G.A. Kauwe, J.S.K. Kaye, J.A. Leverenz, J.B. Levey, A.I. Lieberman, A.P. Pankratz, V.S. Poon, W.W. Quinn, J.F. Saykin, A.J. Schneider, L.S. Smith, A.G. Sonnen, J.A. Stern, R.A. Van Deerlin, V.M. Van Eldik, L.J. Harold, D. Russo, G. Rubinsztein, D.C. Bayer, A. Tsolaki, M. Proitsi, P. Fox, N.C. Hampel, H. Owen, M.J. Mead, S. Passmore, P. Morgan, K. Nöthen, M.M. Rossor, M. Lupton, M.K. Hoffmann, P. Kornhuber, J. Lawlor, B. McQuillin, A. Al-Chalabi, A. Bis, J.C. Ruiz, A. Boada, M. Seshadri, S. Beiser, A. Rice, K. Van Der Lee, S.J. De Jager, P.L. Geschwind, D.H. Riemenschneider, M. Riedel-Heller, S. Rotter, J.I. Ransmayr, G. Hyman, B.T. Cruchaga, C. Alegret, M. Winsvold, B. Palta, P. Farh, K.-H. Cuenca-Leon, E. Furlotte, N. Kurth, T. Ligthart, L. Terwindt, G.M. Freilinger, T. Ran, C. Gordon, S.D. Borck, G. Adams, H.H.H. Lehtimäki, T. Wedenoja, J. Buring, J.E. Schürks, M. Hrafnsdottir, M. Hottenga, J.-J. Penninx, B. Artto, V. Kaunisto, M. Vepsäläinen, S. Martin, N.G. Montgomery, G.W. Kurki, M.I. Hämäläinen, E. Huang, H. Huang, J. Sandor, C. Webber, C. Muller-Myhsok, B. Schreiber, S. Salomaa, V. Loehrer, E. Göbel, H. Macaya, A. Pozo-Rosich, P. Hansen, T. Werge, T. Kaprio, J. Metspalu, A. Kubisch, C. Ferrari, M.D. Belin, A.C. Van Den Maagdenberg, A.M.J.M. Zwart, J.-A. Boomsma, D. Eriksson, N. Olesen, J. Chasman, D.I. Nyholt, D.R. Avbersek, A. Baum, L. Berkovic, S. Bradfield, J. Buono, R. Catarino, C.B. Cossette, P. De Jonghe, P. Depondt, C. Dlugos, D. Ferraro, T.N. French, J. Hjalgrim, H. Jamnadas-Khoda, J. Kälviäinen, R. Kunz, W.S. Lerche, H. Leu, C. Lindhout, D. Lo, W. Lowenstein, D. McCormack, M. Møller, R.S. Molloy, A. Ng, P.-W. Oliver, K. Privitera, M. Radtke, R. Ruppert, A.-K. Sander, T. Schachter, S. Schankin, C. Scheffer, I. Schoch, S. Sisodiya, S.M. Smith, P. Sperling, M. Striano, P. Surges, R. Neil Thomas, G. Visscher, F. Whelan, C.D. Zara, F. Heinzen, E.L. Marson, A. Becker, F. Stroink, H. Zimprich, F. Gasser, T. Gibbs, R. Heutink, P. Martinez, M. Morris, H.R. Sharma, M. Ryten, M. Mok, K.Y. Pulit, S. Bevan, S. Holliday, E. Attia, J. Battey, T. Boncoraglio, G. Thijs, V. Chen, W.-M. Mitchell, B. Rothwell, P. Sharma, P. Sudlow, C. Vicente, A. Markus, H. Kourkoulis, C. Pera, J. Raffeld, M. Silliman, S. Perica, V.B. Thornton, L.M. Huckins, L.M. William Rayner, N. Lewis, C.M. Gratacos, M. Rybakowski, F. Keski-Rahkonen, A. Raevuori, A. Hudson, J.I. Reichborn-Kjennerud, T. Monteleone, P. Karwautz, A. Mannik, K. Baker, J.H. O'Toole, J.K. Trace, S.E. Davis, O.S.P. Helder, S.G. Ehrlich, S. Herpertz-Dahlmann, B. Danner, U.N. Van Elburg, A.A. Clementi, M. Forzan, M. Docampo, E. Lissowska, J. Hauser, J. Tortorella, A. Maj, M. Gonidakis, F. Tziouvas, K. Papezova, H. Yilmaz, Z. Wagner, G. Cohen-Woods, S. Herms, S. Julia, A. Rabionet, R. Dick, D.M. Ripatti, S. Andreassen, O.A. Espeseth, T. Lundervold, A.J. Steen, V.M. Pinto, D. Scherer, S.W. Aschauer, H. Schosser, A. Alfredsson, L. Padyukov, L. Halmi, K.A. Mitchell, J. Strober, M. Bergen, A.W. Kaye, W. Szatkiewicz, J.P. Cormand, B. Ramos-Quiroga, J.A. Sánchez-Mora, C. Ribasés, M. Casas, M. Hervas, A. Arranz, M.J. Haavik, J. Zayats, T. Johansson, S. Williams, N. Dempfle, A. Rothenberger, A. Kuntsi, J. Oades, R.D. Banaschewski, T. Franke, B. Buitelaar, J.K. Vasquez, A.A. Doyle, A.E. Reif, A. Lesch, K.-P. Freitag, C. Rivero, O. Palmason, H. Romanos, M. Langley, K. Rietschel, M. Witt, S.H. Dalsgaard, S. Børglum, A.D. Waldman, I. Wilmot, B. Molly, N. Bau, C.H.D. Crosbie, J. Schachar, R. Loo, S.K. McGough, J.J. Grevet, E.H. Medland, S.E. Robinson, E. Weiss, L.A. Bacchelli, E. Bailey, A. Bal, V. Battaglia, A. Betancur, C. Bolton, P. Cantor, R. Celestino-Soper, P. Dawson, G. De Rubeis, S. Duque, F. Green, A. Klauck, S.M. Leboyer, M. Levitt, P. Maestrini, E. Mane, S. Moreno-De-Luca, D. Parr, J. Regan, R. Reichenberg, A. Sandin, S. Vorstman, J. Wassink, T. Wijsman, E. Cook, E. Santangelo, S. Delorme, R. Roge, B. Magalhaes, T. Arking, D. Schulze, T.G. Thompson, R.C. Strohmaier, J. Matthews, K. Melle, I. Morris, D. Blackwood, D. McIntosh, A. Bergen, S.E. Schalling, M. Jamain, S. Maaser, A. Fischer, S.B. Reinbold, C.S. Fullerton, J.M. Guzman-Parra, J. Mayoral, F. Schofield, P.R. Cichon, S. Mühleisen, T.W. Degenhardt, F. Schumacher, J. Bauer, M. Mitchell, P.B. Gershon, E.S. Rice, J. Potash, J.B. Zandi, P.P. Craddock, N. Nicol Ferrier, I. Alda, M. Rouleau, G.A. Turecki, G. Ophoff, R. Pato, C. Anjorin, A. Stahl, E. Leber, M. Czerski, P.M. Cruceanu, C. Jones, I.R. Posthuma, D. Andlauer, T.F.M. Forstner, A.J. Streit, F. Baune, B.T. Air, T. Sinnamon, G. Wray, N.R. MacIntyre, D.J. Porteous, D. Homuth, G. Rivera, M. Grove, J. Middeldorp, C.M. Hickie, I. Pergadia, M. Mehta, D. Smit, J.H. Jansen, R. De Geus, E. Dunn, E. Li, Q.S. Nauck, M. Schoevers, R.A. Beekman, A.T.F. Knowles, J.A. Viktorin, A. Arnold, P. Barr, C.L. Bedoya-Berrio, G. Joseph Bienvenu, O. Brentani, H. Burton, C. Camarena, B. Cappi, C. Cath, D. Cavallini, M. Cusi, D. Darrow, S. Denys, D. Derks, E.M. Dietrich, A. Fernandez, T. Figee, M. Freimer, N. Gerber, G. Grados, M. Greenberg, E. Hanna, G.L. Hartmann, A. Hirschtritt, M.E. Hoekstra, P.J. Huang, A. Huyser, C. Illmann, C. Jenike, M. Kuperman, S. Leventhal, B. Lochner, C. Lyon, G.J. Macciardi, F. Madruga-Garrido, M. Malaty, I.A. Maras, A. McGrath, L. Miguel, E.C. Mir, P. Nestadt, G. Nicolini, H. Okun, M.S. Pakstis, A. Paschou, P. Piacentini, J. Pittenger, C. Plessen, K. Ramensky, V. Ramos, E.M. Reus, V. Richter, M.A. Riddle, M.A. Robertson, M.M. Roessner, V. Rosário, M. Samuels, J.F. Sandor, P. Stein, D.J. Tsetsos, F. Van Nieuwerburgh, F. Weatherall, S. Wendland, J.R. Wolanczyk, T. Worbe, Y. Zai, G. Goes, F.S. McLaughlin, N. Nestadt, P.S. Grabe, H.-J. Depienne, C. Konkashbaev, A. Lanzagorta, N. Valencia-Duarte, A. Bramon, E. Buccola, N. Cahn, W. Cairns, M. Chong, S.A. Cohen, D. Crespo-Facorro, B. Crowley, J. Davidson, M. DeLisi, L. Dinan, T. Donohoe, G. Drapeau, E. Duan, J. Haan, L. Hougaard, D. Karachanak-Yankova, S. Khrunin, A. Klovins, J. Kučinskas, V. Keong, J.L.C. Limborska, S. Loughland, C. Lönnqvist, J. Maher, B. Mattheisen, M. McDonald, C. Murphy, K.C. Nenadic, I. Van Os, J. Pantelis, C. Pato, M. Petryshen, T. Quested, D. Roussos, P. Sanders, A.R. Schall, U. Schwab, S.G. Sim, K. So, H.-C. Stögmann, E. Subramaniam, M. Toncheva, D. Waddington, J. Walters, J. Weiser, M. Cheng, W. Cloninger, R. Curtis, D. Gejman, P.V. Henskens, F. Mattingsdal, M. Oh, S.-Y. Scott, R. Webb, B. Breen, G. Churchhouse, C. Bulik, C.M. Daly, M. Dichgans, M. Faraone, S.V. Guerreiro, R. Holmans, P. Kendler, K.S. Koeleman, B. Mathews, C.A. Price, A. Scharf, J. Sklar, P. Williams, J. Wood, N.W. Cotsapas, C. Palotie, A. Smoller, J.W. Sullivan, P. Rosand, J. Corvin, A. Neale, B.M. The Brainstorm Consortium

Abstract

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology. © 2018 American Association for the Advancement of Science. All rights reserved.

Published
2018

19. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author

Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. 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Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De 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J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S. K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H. H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. 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Abstract

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology.

Published
2018

20. Investigation of previously implicated genetic variants in chronic tic disorders: a transmission disequilibrium test approach

Author

Abdulkadir, M, Londono, D, Gordon, D, Fernandez, TV, Brown, L W, Cheon, K A, Coffey, B J, Elzerman, L, Fremer, C, Frundt, O, Garcia-Delgar, B, Gilbert, DL, Grice, DE, Hedderly, T, Heyman, I, Hong, H J, Huyser, C, Ibanez-Gomez, L, Jakubovski, E, Kim, YK, Kim, YS, Koh, Y J, Kook, S, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Ludolph, AG, Madruga-Garrido, M, Maras, Athanasios, Mir, P, Morer, A, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T L, Plessen, KJ, Roessner, V, Shin, E Y, Song, D H, Song, J, Tubing, J, van den Ban, E, Visscher, F, Wanderer, S, Woods, M, Zinner, S H, King, RA, Tischfield, JA, Heiman, GA, Hoekstra, PJ, Dietrich, A, Abdulkadir, M, Londono, D, Gordon, D, Fernandez, TV, Brown, L W, Cheon, K A, Coffey, B J, Elzerman, L, Fremer, C, Frundt, O, Garcia-Delgar, B, Gilbert, DL, Grice, DE, Hedderly, T, Heyman, I, Hong, H J, Huyser, C, Ibanez-Gomez, L, Jakubovski, E, Kim, YK, Kim, YS, Koh, Y J, Kook, S, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Ludolph, AG, Madruga-Garrido, M, Maras, Athanasios, Mir, P, Morer, A, Muller-Vahl, K, Munchau, A, Murphy, T L, Plessen, KJ, Roessner, V, Shin, E Y, Song, D H, Song, J, Tubing, J, van den Ban, E, Visscher, F, Wanderer, S, Woods, M, Zinner, S H, King, RA, Tischfield, JA, Heiman, GA, Hoekstra, PJ, and Dietrich, A

Published
2018

22. Dystroglycanopathy: Description of the first patient cohort in Spain

Author

Adarmes Gómez, A., primary, Servián Morilla, E., additional, Rivas Infante, E., additional, Muñoz Cabello, B., additional, Carbonell Corvillo, P., additional, Villarreal Pérez, L., additional, Martínez Fernández, E., additional, Fernández Ramos, J., additional, Arrabal Fernández, L., additional, Ley Martos, M., additional, Márquez Infante, C., additional, Madruga Garrido, M., additional, and Paradas López, C., additional

Published
2016
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25. Gaucher disease type 3 in Spain. Outcomes and characterization

Author

Andrade Campos, Marcio M., primary, Capablo, José L., additional, de Cabezón, Alicia Saénz, additional, Irún, Pilar Irún, additional, Fraile, J.J., additional, Andres, A.G., additional, Armstrong, J., additional, Barbera, J.L., additional, Domingo, R., additional, Franco, R., additional, Montero-Cebrian, T., additional, Madruga-Garrido, M., additional, Masana, L., additional, del Toro, Mireia, additional, Ruiz del Prado, Y., additional, and Giraldo, Pilar, additional

Published
2016
Full Text
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35. Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Author

Laura M. Thornton, Paul Lichtenstein, Verneri Anttila, Diego Albani, Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga, Roger A.H. Adan, Monika Schlögelhofer, Stephen Sanders, Enrique Castelao, Klaus Berger, Nina Dalkner, Urs Heilbronner, Engilbert Sigurdsson, Pablo Mir, Fuquan Zhang, James T.R. Walters, Patrick F. Sullivan, Fragiskos Gonidakis, F. Kyle Satterstrom, Sara Marsal, Per Hoffmann, Amy Perry, Valentina Ciullo, Beate Herpertz-Dahlmann, Catharina Lavebratt, Kieran C. Murphy, Tammy Hedderly, Hyun Ju Hong, Evald Saemundsen, Sascha B. Fischer, Hailiang Huang, Andrew D. Grotzinger, Nienke Vulink, Murray B. Stein, Mark A. Frye, Laura J. Scott, David Curtis, Todd Lencz, Janiece E. DeSocio, Richard A. Belliveau, Eduard Vieta, Andrea Dietrich, Wade H. Berrettini, Kenneth S. Kendler, Marquis P. Vawter, Paul S. Nestadt, Michael E. Talkowski, Manuel Mattheisen, Ingrid Agartz, Elisa Docampo, Bernhard T. Baune, Stefan Ehrlich, Jolanta Lissowska, Felecia Cerrato, Terje Nærland, Robin M. Murray, Jennifer Reichert, Annette M. Hartmann, Hannelore Ehrenreich, Howard J. Edenberg, Katherine A. Halmi, Qingqin S. Li, Peristera Paschou, Marie Bækvad-Hansen, Esther Walton, Alessio Maria Monteleone, Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud, Frank Bellivier, Jungeun Song, D. Blake Woodside, Young Shin Kim, Jochen Seitz, Jacques Pantel, Palmiero Monteleone, Erika L. Nurmi, Rodney J. Scott, Kang Sim, Ekaterina A. Khramtsova, Udo Dannlowski, Rolf Adolfsson, Danielle Posthuma, Melissa J. Green, Laura Ibanez-Gomez, Jakob Grove, Elvira Bramon, Gregory L. Hanna, Cynthia M. Bulik, Yiran Guo, Stephan Ripke, Mary M. Robertson, Harald N. Aschauer, Adebayo Anjorin, Joanna Martin, Bertram Müller-Myhsok, Deborah Kaminská, Jose Guzman-Parra, Benedetta Nacmias, Erik G. Jönsson, Jonathan R. I. Coleman, Douglas F. Levinson, Hamdi Mbarek, Gun Peggy Knudsen, Karin Egberts, Mette Nyegaard, Patrik K. E. Magnusson, Mark Adams, Douglas Blackwood, Elisabeth B. Binder, Marcus Ising, Anna R. Docherty, Jim van Os, Nese Direk, Lina Martinsson, Maria Arranz, Christel M. Middeldorp, Stefan Kloiber, Sintia Iole Belangero, Eske M. Derks, Ingrid Melle, Erlend Bøen, Jan Haavik, Federica Piras, Unna N. Danner, Anil K. Malhotra, Gerome Breen, Stephen V. Faraone, Amanda B Zheutlin, Timothy Poterba, Stephan Ruhrmann, Inge Joa, Ulrik Fredrik Malt, Sarah E. Bergen, Federica Tozzi, Lauren A. Weiss, Hana Papezova, Dominic Holland, Elliot S. Gershon, Jaakko Kaprio, Merete Nordentoft, Scott D. Gordon, Christopher Pittenger, Keun-Ah Cheon, Jennifer Jordan, Philip Gorwood, Myrna M. Weissman, Preben Bo Mortensen, Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff, Isobel Heyman, Eun-Young Shin, Christie L. Burton, Katherine Gordon-Smith, Sietske G. Helder, Peter Nagy, Till F. M. Andlauer, Yunpeng Wang, Young Key Kim, Kate Langley, Søren Dalsgaard, Richard Delorme, Torbjørn Elvsåshagen, Bennett L. Leventhal, Giovanni Gambaro, Christos Androutsos, Jennifer Tübing, Marion Roberts, Annelie Nordin Adolfsson, Hakon Hakonarson, Dorothy E. Grice, Vaughan J. Carr, Konstantinos Tziouvas, Stephanie Zerwas, Cathy L. Barr, Michael Conlon O'Donovan, Per Qvist, Beate St Pourcain, Samuel Kuperman, Leila Karhunen, Jack Samuels, Markus M. Nöthen, Martien J H Kas, Alfonso Tortorella, Mikael Landén, Jennifer Crosbie, Marco A. Grados, Joanna M. Biernacka, Paul D. Arnold, Irene A. Malaty, Jurjen J. Luykx, Nicholas Bass, Naomi R. Wray, Catharina A. Hartman, Christina M. Hultman, Michael S. Okun, Brandon Wormley, Michael Bauer, Daniel J. Smith, Ian Jones, Kathryn Roeder, Brien P. Riley, Caroline M. Nievergelt, Katrin Gade, Sarah Kittel-Schneider, Roy H. Perlis, James R. Mitchell, Ziarih Hawi, James Lee, Liz Forty, William E. Bunney, Thomas Damm Als, Catherine Schaefer, Digby Quested, Matteo Cassina, Anna C. Koller, Patrick Turley, Agnes A. Steixner, Anu Raevuori, Assen Jablensky, Peter Holmans, Dong-Ho Song, S. Evelyn Stewart, Jan K. Buitelaar, Fernando S. Goes, Alexander Münchau, Ayman H. Fanous, Nicolas Ramoz, James B. Potash, Monica Gratacos Mayora, Tobias Banaschewski, Céline S. Reinbold, Renata Rizzo, Arianna Di Florio, Lenka Foretova, Gianfranco Spalletta, Aarno Palotie, Eleftheria Zeggini, Lawrence W. Brown, Julie K. O'Toole, Lynn E. DeLisi, Ulrich Schall, Mary Roberson, Barbara J. Coffey, Bryan J. Mowry, Murray J. Cairns, Dan J. Stein, Glyn Lewis, Marta Ribasés, C. Robert Cloninger, Bettina Konte, John B. Vincent, Duncan S. Palmer, Radhika Kandaswamy, Christine Ladd-Acosta, Lars Alfredsson, Frank Visscher, Ulrike Schmidt, Aiden Corvin, Susan L. Santangelo, Brenda W.J.H. Penninx, David J. Porteous, Tetsuya Ando, Arne E. Vaaler, Bru Cormand, Laura Carlberg, Claire Churchhouse, Manfred Stuhrmann, Niamh Mullins, Christine Søholm Hansen, Cathy L. Budman, Hartmut Imgart, Dan E. Arking, James J. McGough, Michael Gill, Christel Depienne, Roland Burghardt, Antonio Julià, Anders M. Dale, Sven Sandin, Katharina Domschke, Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Susana Jiménez-Murcia, Marianne Giørtz Pedersen, Zsanett Tarnok, Gisli Baldursson, Michele T. Pato, David M. Hougaard, Thorgeir E. Thorgeirsson, Katharina Bey, Kerstin J. Plessen, Margaret A. Richter, Ole A. Andreassen, Claudine Laurent-Levinson, Leonid Padyukov, Jacques Mallet, Daniela Degortes, John R. Kelsoe, Robert D. Levitan, Andreas Reif, Chaim Huyser, Derek W. Morris, Sina Wanderer, William Byerley, Edna Grünblatt, E.J.C. de Geus, Hyejung Won, Josephine Elia, Rudolf Uher, Jay A. Tischfield, Andreas Karwautz, Gustavo Turecki, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Dorret I. Boomsma, Jacob Rosenthal, Daniele Cusi, Michael C. Neale, Sara Mostafavi, Gwyneth Zai, F. Anthony O'Neill, Gary Donohoe, Karola Rehnström, Harry Brandt, Helena Gaspar, Francis J. McMahon, H-Erich Wichmann, Andrew W. Bergen, Giovanni Coppola, Lea K. Davis, Lenka Slachtova, Olav B. Smeland, Erin C. Dunn, Nicholas G. Martin, Allan L. Naarden, Jo Knight, Cristina Sánchez-Mora, Masashi Ikeda, Lorraine Southam, Sandro Sorbi, Barbara Franke, Martin Schalling, Russell Schachar, Yen-Chen Anne Feng, Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl, André Scherag, Zhaozhong Zhu, Eric A. Storch, Páll Magnússon, David Cohen, Olafur O Gudmundsson, Harvey S. Singer, Brian Kelly, Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm, Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Thomas Hansen, Carmel M. Loughland, Christine Lochner, Stacy Steinberg, Martin Woods, Jorge A. Quiroz, Raquel Rabionet, Alden Y. Huang, Janice M. Fullerton, María Soler Artigas, Hans J. Grabe, Philip Asherson, Margit Burmeister, Alicia R. Martin, Martin A. Kennedy, Janet Treasure, Anders D. Børglum, Eva C. Schulte, Andreas Hartmann, Frans Henskens, Youl-Ri Kim, Jens Treutlein, Joanna Hauser, Manfred M. Fichter, Damiaan Denys, Ann E. Pulver, Kelly L. Klump, Paul Sandor, Michael Wagner, Philippe Courtet, Sandra Van der Auwera, Susanne Lucae, Eystein Stordal, Michel G. Nivard, Maurizio Clementi, Astrid Morer, Philip B. Mitchell, Huda Akil, Edwin H. Cook, Jennifer L. Moran, Donald W. Black, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Jana Strohmaier, Colm McDonald, Meg M.-J. Wang, Richard M. Myers, Stephanie Godard, Pablo V. Gejman, Athanasios Maras, Marcella Rietschel, Nancy G. Buccola, Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas, Dalila Pinto, Jouke-Jan Hottenga, Kari Stefansson, James S. Sutcliffe, Andres Metspalu, Amaia Hervás, Joel Gelernter, Wolfgang Herzog, Paula Rovira, Gunnar Morken, Tara Murphy, Mark Weiser, Vincent Millischer, Frank Dudbridge, Dan Rujescu, Vladimir Bencko, Valdo Ricca, Kimberly Chambert, Guy A. Rouleau, James J. Crowley, Thomas G. Schulze, Toni-Kim Clarke, Triinu Peters, Gudrun Wagner, Daniel A. Geller, Henry R. Kranzler, G. Bragi Walters, Vera Golimbet, Clement C. Zai, Nigel Williams, Andreas Birgegård, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Elliot M. 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A., Schaefer, C., Schulte, E. C., Shi, J., Smith, D. J., Thomson, P. A., Tiemeier, H., Uher, R., van der Auwera, S., Weissman, M. M., Alexander, M., Begemann, M., Bramon, E., Buccola, N. G., Cairns, M. J., Campion, D., Carr, V. J., Cloninger, C. R., Cohen, D., Collier, D. A., Corvin, A., Delisi, L. E., Donohoe, G., Dudbridge, F., Duan, J., Freedman, R., Gejman, P. V., Golimbet, V., Godard, S., Ehrenreich, H., Hartmann, A. M., Henskens, F. A., Ikeda, M., Iwata, N., Jablensky, A. V., Joa, I., Jonsson, E. G., Kelly, B. J., Knight, J., Konte, B., Laurent-Levinson, C., Lee, J., Lencz, T., Lerer, B., Loughland, C. M., Malhotra, A. K., Mallet, J., Mcdonald, C., Mitjans, M., Mowry, B. J., Murphy, K. C., Murray, R. M., O'Neill, F. A., Oh, S. -Y., Palotie, A., Pantelis, C., Pulver, A. E., Petryshen, T. L., Quested, D. J., Riley, B., Sanders, A. R., Schall, U., Schwab, S. G., Scott, R. J., Sham, P. C., Silverman, J. M., Sim, K., Steixner, A. A., Tooney, P. A., van Os, J., Vawter, M. P., Walsh, D., Weiser, M., Wildenauer, D. B., Williams, N. M., Wormley, B. K., Zhang, F., Androutsos, C., Arnold, P. D., Barr, C. L., Barta, C., Bey, K., Bienvenu, O. J., Black, D. W., Brown, L. W., Budman, C., Cath, D., Cheon, K. -A., Ciullo, V., Coffey, B. J., Cusi, D., Davis, L. K., Denys, D., Depienne, C., Dietrich, A., Eapen, V., Falkai, P., Fernandez, T. V., Garcia-Delgar, B., Geller, D. A., Gilbert, D. L., Grados, M. A., Greenberg, E., Grunblatt, E., Hagstrom, J., Hanna, G. L., Hartmann, A., Hedderly, T., Heiman, G. A., Heyman, I., Hong, H. J., Huang, A., Huyser, C., Ibanez-Gomez, L., Khramtsova, E. A., Kim, Y. K., Kim, Y. -S., King, R. A., Koh, Y. -J., Konstantinidis, A., Kook, S., Kuperman, S., Leventhal, B. L., Lochner, C., Ludolph, A. G., Madruga-Garrido, M., Malaty, I., Maras, A., Mccracken, J. T., Meijer, I. A., Mir, P., Morer, A., Muller-Vahl, K. R., Munchau, A., Murphy, T. L., Naarden, A., Nagy, P., Nestadt, G., Nestadt, P. S., Nicolini, H., Nurmi, E. L., Okun, M. S., Paschou, P., Piras, F., Pittenger, C., Plessen, K. J., Richter, M. A., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M., Roessner, V., Ruhrmann, S., Samuels, J. F., Sandor, P., Schlogelhofer, M., Shin, E. -Y., Singer, H., Song, D. -H., Song, J., Spalletta, G., Stein, D. J., Stewart, S. E., Storch, E. A., Stranger, B., Stuhrmann, M., Tarnok, Z., Tischfield, J. A., Tubing, J., Visscher, F., Vulink, N., Wagner, M., Walitza, S., Wanderer, S., Woods, M., Worbe, Y., Zai, G., Zinner, S. H., Sullivan, P. F., Franke, B., Daly, M. J., Bulik, C. M., Mcintosh, A. M., O'Donovan, M. C., Zheutlin, A., Andreassen, O. A., Borglum, A. D., Breen, G., Edenberg, H. J., Fanous, A. H., Faraone, S. V., Gelernter, J., Mathews, C. A., Mattheisen, M., Mitchell, K. S., Neale, M. C., Nurnberger, J. I., Ripke, S., Santangelo, S. L., Scharf, J. M., Stein, M. B., Thornton, L. M., Walters, J. T. R., Wray, N. R., Geschwind, D. H., Neale, B. M., Kendler, K. S., and Smoller, J. W.

Subjects
Netherlands Twin Register (NTR), cross-disorder genetics, Medizin, Genome-wide association study, Tourette syndrome, functional genomics, gene expression, genetic architecture, genetic correlation, GWAS, neurodevelopment, pleiotropy, psychiatric disorders, Psychiatric genetics, 0302 clinical medicine, Pleiotropy, functional genomic, WIDE ASSOCIATION, cross-disorder genetic, 0303 health sciences, Mental Disorders, Genetic Pleiotropy, HUMAN BRAIN, INSIGHTS, Autism spectrum disorder, Schizophrenia, DISEASES, GENETIC CORRELATIONS, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurogenesis, Quantitative Trait Loci, BF, Biology, GENOTYPE IMPUTATION, Psychiatric geneticscross-disorder geneticspsychiatric disorderspleiotropyneurodevelopmentGWASgenetic correlationgene expressiongenetic architecturefunctional genomics, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, psychiatric disorder, 03 medical and health sciences, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, medicine, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Bipolar disorder, TRANSCRIPTOME, Psychiatry, 030304 developmental biology, Gwas, Psychiatric Genetics, Cross-disorder Genetics, Functional Genomics, Gene Expression, Genetic Architecture, Genetic Correlation, Neurodevelopment, Psychiatric Disorders, Neurodevelopmental disorders Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 7], IDENTIFICATION, MUTATIONS, medicine.disease, Genetic architecture, DEMETHYLASE, RC0321, 1182 Biochemistry, cell and molecular biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.

Published
2019
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36. Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders: a multicentre study

Author

Molly, Bond, Natalie, Moll, Alicia, Rosello, Rod, Bond, Jaana, Schnell, Bianka, Burger, Pieter, J Hoekstra, Andrea, Dietrich, Anette, Schrag, Eva, Kocovska, Martino, Davide, Norbert, Mueller, Markus, Schwarz, Ute-Christiane, Meier, EMTICS Collaborative Group: Alan Apter, Baglioni, Valentina, Juliane, Ball, Noa, Benaroya-Milshtein, Benjamin, Bodmer, Emese, Bognar, Judith, Buse, Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Marta Correa Vela, Nanette, M Debes, Maria Cristina Ferro, Carolin, Fremer, Blanca, Garcia-Delgar, Mariangela, Gulisano, Annelieke, Hagen, Julie, Hagstrøm, Tammy, J Hedderly, Isobel, Heyman, Chaim, Huyser, Marcos, Madruga-Garrido, Anna, Marotta, Pablo, Mir, Astrid, Morer, Norbert, Müller, Kirsten, R Müller-Vahl, Alexander, Münchau, Peter, Nagy, Neri, Valeria, Thaïra Jc Openneer, Pellico, Alessandra, Ángela Periañez Vasco, Kerstin, J Plessen, Cesare, Porcelli, Marina, Redondo, Rizzo, Renata, Veit, Roessner, Daphna, Ruhrman, Jaana Ml Schnell, Silvestri, PAOLA ROSARIA, Liselotte, Skov, Tamar, Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Zsanett, Tarnok, Jennifer, Tübing, Victoria, L Turner, Susanne, Walitza, Elif, Weidinger, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), EMTICS Collaborative Group, Bruun, J.E., Grejsen, J., Ommundsen, C.L., Rubæk, M., Enghardt, S., Bokemeyer, S., Driedger-Garbe, C., Reichert, C., Schmalfeld, J., Duffield, T., Gergye, F., Kovacs, M., Vidomusz, R., Carmel, M., Fennig, S., Gev, E., Keller, N., Michaelovsky, E., Nahon, M., Regev, C., Simcha, T., Smollan, G., Weizman, A., Gagliardi, G., Tallon, M., Roazzi, P., van den Ban, E., de Bruijn, SFTM, Driessen, N., Lamerz, A., Messchendorp, M., Rath, JJG, Sival, NSD, Tromp, N., Visscher, F., de la Tourettes, S.G., Cáceres, M.T., Carrillo, F., Gómez-Garre, P., Vargas, L., Gariup, M., Stöber, S., Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bond, M., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Vela, M.C., Dietrich, A., Debes, N.M., Ferro, M.C., Fremer, C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Madruga-Garrido, M., Marotta, A., Martino, D., Meier, U.C., Mir, P., Moll, N., Morer, A., Mueller, N., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, TJC, Pellico, A., Vasco, Á.P., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Redondo, M., Rizzo, R., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, JML, Schrag, A., Schwarz, M.J., Silvestri, P.R., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Gloor, F.T., Tarnok, Z., Tübing, J., Turner, V.L., Walitza, S., Weidinger, E., and Woods, M.L.

Subjects
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Tic disorder, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Tics, Comorbidity, Severity of Illness Index, Pediatrics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, mental disorders, Developmental and Educational Psychology, medicine, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Vitamin D and neurology, Humans, ADHD, Vitamin D, Child, OCD, business.industry, Tourette, Symptom severity, General Medicine, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/epidemiology, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/psychology, Tic Disorders/metabolism, Tic Disorders/psychology, Tics/complications, Tics/metabolism, Tourette Syndrome/psychology, Vitamin D/metabolism, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, CTD, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

This study investigated whether vitamin D is associated with the presence or severity of chronic tic disorders and their psychiatric comorbidities. This cross-sectional study compared serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] (ng/ml) levels among three groups: children and adolescents (3–16 years) with CTD (n = 327); first-degree relatives (3–10 years) of individuals with CTD who were assessed for a period of up to 7 years for possible onset of tics and developed tics within this period (n = 31); and first-degree relatives who did not develop tics and were ≥ 10 years old at their last assessment (n = 93). The relationship between 25(OH)D and the presence and severity of tics, as well as comorbid obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), were analysed controlling for age, sex, season, centre, latitude, family relatedness, and comorbidities. When comparing the CTD cohort to the unaffected cohort, the observed result was contrary to the one expected: a 10 ng/ml increase in 25(OH)D was associated with higher odds of having CTD (OR 2.08, 95% CI 1.27–3.42, p p = 0.01) and was inversely associated with ADHD symptom severity (β = − 2.52, 95% CI − 4.16–0.88, p

Published
2022

37. Hair cortisol-a stress marker in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders? A large European cross-sectional study

Author

Judith, Buse, Josefine, Rothe, Anne, Uhlmann, Benjamin, Bodmer, Clemens, Kirschbaum, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Andrea, Dietrich, Veit, Roessner, EMTICS collaborative group: Alan Apter, Baglioni, Valentina, Juliane, Ball, Noa, Benaroya-Milshtein, Emese, Bognar, Bianka, Burger, Cardona, Francesco Carmelo Giovanni, Marta Correa Vela, Maria Cristina Ferro, Blanca, Garcia-Delgar, Mariangela, Gulisano, Annelieke, Hagen, Julie, Hagstrøm, Hedderly, Tammy J., Isobel, Heyman, Chaim, Huyser, Marcos, Madruga-Garrido, Martino, Davide, Pablo, Mir, Astrid, Morer, Kirsten, Müller-Vahl, Alexander, Münchau, Peter, Nagy, Neri, Valeria, Openneer, Thaïra J. C., Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Cesare, Porcelli, Rizzo, Renata, Daphna, Ruhrman, Schnell, Jaana M. L., Anette, Schrag, Silvestri, PAOLA ROSARIA, Liselotte, Skov, Tamar, Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Zsanett Tarnok &amp, Elif, Weidinger, EMTICS collaborative group, Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Vela, M.C., Dietrich, A., Ferro, M.C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Madruga-Garrido, M., Martino, D., Mir, P., Morer, A., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, TJC, Pellico, A., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Rizzo, R., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, JML, Schrag, A., Silvestri, P.R., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Gloor, F.T., Tarnok, Z., Weidinger, E., and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

Subjects
BIOMARKER, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Hydrocortisone, GENETICS, Tics, RESPONSIVITY, Cross-sectional study, Chronic tic disorders, Emotional and behavioral problems, Physiological stress marker, Psychosocial stress, Tourette, Tourette syndrome, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Biomarkers, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Hair, Humans, Tic Disorders/diagnosis, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, Medicine, ASSOCIATIONS, business.industry, TOURETTE-SYNDROME, Stressor, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, General Medicine, medicine.disease, PREVALENCE, 030227 psychiatry, INDIVIDUALS, Psychiatry and Mental health, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Cohort, Biomarker (medicine), STRENGTHS, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

Background There is clear evidence that tic disorders (TDs) are associated with psychosocial stress as well as emotional and behavioral problems. Studies have shown that individuals with TDs have higher acute physiological stress responses to external, single stressors (as reflected by saliva cortisol). The aim of the present study was to examine a physiological marker of longer-term stress (as reflected by hair cortisol concentration) in children and adolescents with TDs and unaffected siblings of individuals with TDs. Methods Two samples of a European cohort were included in this study. In the COURSE sample, 412 children and adolescents aged 3–16 years with a chronic TD including Tourette syndrome according to DSM IV-TR criteria were included. The ONSET sample included 131 3–10 years old siblings of individuals with TDs, who themselves had no tics. Differences in hair cortisol concentration (HCC) between the two samples were examined. Within the COURSE sample, relations of HCC with tic severity and perceived psychosocial stress as well as potential effects and interaction effects of comorbid emotional and behavioral problems and psychotropic medication on HCC were investigated. Results There were no differences in HCC between the two samples. In participants with TDs, there were no associations between HCC and tic severity or perceived psychosocial stress. No main effects of sex, psychotropic medication status and comorbid emotional and behavioral problems on HCC were found in participants with TDs. Conclusion A link between HCC and TDs is not supported by the present results.

Published
2021
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38. Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS): Psychometric Quality of the Gold Standard for Tic Assessment Based on the Large-Scale EMTICS Study

Author

Martina Haas, Ewgeni Jakubovski, Carolin Fremer, Andrea Dietrich, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Burkard Jäger, Kirsten R. Müller-Vahl, The EMTICS Collaborative Group, Alan Apter, Valentina Baglioni, Juliane Ball, Noa Benaroya-Milshtein, Benjamin Bodmer, Emese Bognar, Bianka Burger, Judith Buse, Francesco Cardona, Marta Correa Vela, Nanette M. Debes, Maria Cristina Ferro, Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Mariangela Gulisano, Annelieke Hagen, Julie Hagstrøm, Tammy J. Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Chaim Huyser, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Anna Marotta, Davide Martino, Pablo Mir, Astrid Morer, Norbert Müller, Alexander Münchau, Peter Nagy, Valeria Neri, Thaïra J.C. Openneer, Alessandra Pellico, Ángela Periañez Vasco, Kerstin J. Plessen, Cesare Porcelli, Marina Redondo, Renata Rizzo, Veit Roessner, Daphna Ruhrman, Jaana M.L. Schnell, Anette Schrag, Paola Rosaria Silvestri, Liselotte Skov, Tamar Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Zsanett Tarnok, Jennifer Tübing, Victoria L. Turner, Susanne Walitza, Elif Weidinger, EMTICS Collaborative Group, Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Correa Vela, M., Debes, N.M., Dietrich, A., Cristina Ferro, M., Fremer, C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Madruga-Garrido, M., Marotta, A., Martino, D., Mir, P., Morer, A., Müller, N., Müller-Vahl, K.R., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, T.J., Pellico, A., Periañez Vasco, Á., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Redondo, M., Rizzo, R., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, J.M., Schrag, A., Rosaria Silvestri, P., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Tagwerker Gloor, F., Tarnok, Z., Tübing, J., Turner, V.L., Walitza, S., Weidinger, E., and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

Subjects
confirmatory factor analysis, Psychometrics, Tic disorders, Tics, lcsh:RC435-571, YGTSS = Yale Global Tic Severity Scale, Tourette's syndrome (TS), internal consistency, psychometric properties, s syndrome (TS), Tourette&apos, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, lcsh:Psychiatry, mental disorders, Anàlisi factorial, medicine, Original Research, Psychiatry, Phonic Tic, Tourette syndrome, Gold standard, Discriminant validity, Gold standard (test), medicine.disease, Confirmatory factor analysis, 030227 psychiatry, Psychiatry and Mental health, Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, Scale (social sciences), Or patró, Clinical Global Impression, Chronic Tic Disorder, Factor analysis, Psicometria, Psychology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Clinical psychology
Abstract

The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a clinician-rated instrument considered as the gold standard for assessing tics in patients with Tourette's Syndrome and other tic disorders. Previous psychometric investigations of the YGTSS exhibit different limitations such as small sample sizes and insufficient methods. To overcome these shortcomings, we used a subsample of the large-scale “European Multicentre Tics in Children Study” (EMTICS) including 706 children and adolescents with a chronic tic disorder and investigated convergent, discriminant and factorial validity, as well as internal consistency of the YGTSS. Our results confirm acceptable convergent and good to very good discriminant validity, respectively, indicated by a sufficiently high correlation of the YGTSS total tic score with the Clinical Global Impression Scale for tics (rs = 0.65) and only low to medium correlations with clinical severity ratings of attention deficit/hyperactivity symptoms (rs = 0.24), obsessive–compulsive symptoms (rs = 27) as well as internalizing symptoms (rs = 0.27). Internal consistency was found to be acceptable (Ω = 0.58 for YGTSS total tic score). A confirmatory factor analysis supports the concept of the two factors “motor tics” and “phonic tics,” but still demonstrated just a marginal model fit (root mean square error of approximation = 0.09 [0.08; 0.10], comparative fit index = 0.90, and Tucker Lewis index = 0.87). A subsequent analysis of local misspecifications revealed correlated measurement errors, suggesting opportunities for improvement regarding the item wording. In conclusion, our results indicate acceptable psychometric quality of the YGTSS. However, taking the wide use and importance of the YGTSS into account, our results suggest the need for further investigations and improvements of the YGTSS. In addition, our results show limitations of the global severity score as a sum score indicating that the separate use of the total tic score and the impairment rating is more beneficial.

Published
2021
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39. Collaborative model for diagnosis and treatment of very rare diseases: experience in Spain with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency

Author

Joanne Quan, Andrés Nascimento, Cristina Domínguez-González, Michio Hirano, Miguel A. Martín, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Carmen Paradas, Ramon Martí, M. Dolores Sardina, Francina Munell, Montse Olivé, Itxaso Marti, Institut Català de la Salut, [Domínguez-González C] Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain. Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. [Madruga-Garrido M] Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain. [Hirano M] Neurology Department, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA. [Martí I] Pediatric Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain. [Martín MA] Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain. [Munell F] Servei de Pediatria, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. [Martí R] Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Patologia Neuromuscular i Mitocondrial, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Otros calificadores::/diagnóstico [Otros calificadores], Other subheadings::Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/deficiency [Other subheadings], Collaborative model, Collaborative Care, Review, Disease, Thymidine Kinase, Mitochondrial medicine, Mice, Therapeutic approach, Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d), Rare Diseases, afecciones patológicas, signos y síntomas::procesos patológicos::atributos de la enfermedad::enfermedades raras [ENFERMEDADES], Other subheadings::/diagnosis [Other subheadings], medicine, Animals, Humans, thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d), Pharmacology (medical), Malalties rares - Tractament, Intensive care medicine, Genetics (clinical), Retrospective Studies, Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms::Pathologic Processes::Disease Attributes::Rare Diseases [DISEASES], business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Malalties rares - Diagnòstic, Retrospective cohort study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Human genetics, Mitochondrial disease, Disease Models, Animal, mitochondrial disease, Spain, enzimas y coenzimas::enzimas::transferasas::fosfotransferasas::fosfotransferasas (grupo alcohol aceptor)::timidina cinasa [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS], Medicine, Enzymes and Coenzymes::Enzymes::Transferases::Phosphotransferases::Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)::Thymidine Kinase [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS], Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/deficiencia [Otros calificadores], business, Progressive disease, mitochondrial medicine
Abstract

Malaltia mitocondrial; Medicina mitocondrial; Deficiència de timidina cinasa 2 (TK2d) Mitochondrial disease; Mitochondrial medicine; Thymidine kinase 2 deficiency (TK2d) Enfermedad mitocondrial; Medicina mitocondrial; Deficiencia de timidina cinasa 2 (TK2d) Background Mitochondrial diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat. Recent advances in genetic diagnostics and more effective treatment options can improve patient diagnosis and prognosis, but patients with mitochondrial disease typically experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we describe a unique collaborative practice model among physicians and scientists in Spain focused on identifying TK2 deficiency (TK2d), an ultra-rare mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions syndrome. Main Body This collaboration spans research and clinical care, including laboratory scientists, adult and pediatric neuromuscular clinicians, geneticists, and pathologists, and has resulted in diagnosis and consolidation of care for patients with TK2d. The incidence of TK2d is not known; however, the first clinical cases of TK2d were reported in 2001, and only ~ 107 unique cases had been reported as of 2018. This unique collaboration in Spain has led to the diagnosis of more than 30 patients with genetically confirmed TK2d across different regions of the country. Research affiliate centers have led investigative treatment with nucleosides based on understanding of TK2d clinical manifestations and disease mechanisms, which resulted in successful treatment of a TK2d mouse model with nucleotide therapy in 2010. Only 1 year later, this collaboration enabled rapid adoption of treatment with pyrimidine nucleotides (and later, nucleosides) under compassionate use. Success in TK2d diagnosis and treatment in Spain is attributable to two important factors: Spain’s fully public national healthcare system, and the designation in 2015 of major National Reference Centers for Neuromuscular Disorders (CSURs). CSUR networking and dissemination facilitated development of a collaborative care network for TK2d disease, wherein participants share information and protocols to request approval from the Ministry of Health to initiate nucleoside therapy. Data have recently been collected in a retrospective study conducted under a Good Clinical Practice–compliant protocol to support development of a new therapeutic approach for TK2d, a progressive disease with no approved therapies. Conclusions The Spanish experience in diagnosis and treatment of TK2d is a model for the diagnosis and development of new treatments for very rare diseases within an existing healthcare system. This study was sponsored by Zogenix, Inc., and ERN EURO-NMD. The sponsors reviewed the drafts and provided medical writing support for draft preparation.

Published
2021

40. Elevated common variant genetic risk for tourette syndrome in a densely-affected pedigree

Author

Andrew McQuillin, Dongmei Yu, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Poorva Mudgal, Matthew Halvorsen, David Mataix-Cols, James J. Crowley, Mary M. Robertson, Ashley E. Nordsletten, Manuel Mattheisen, Jin P. Szatkiewicz, Carol A. Mathews, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium TS/OCD Working Group, Aschauer, H., Atzmon, G., Barr, C., Barta, C., Barzilai, N., Batterson, J., Berlin, C., Bodmer, B., Bohnenpoll, J., Brown, L., Bruun, R., Buckner, R., Budman, C., Cath, D., Cheon, K.A., Chouinard, S., Coffey, B., Coppola, G., Cox, N., Crowley, J., Darrow, S., Davis, L., Depienne, C., Dietrich, A., Dion, Y., Elzerman, L., Fernandez, T., Freimer, N., Fremer, C., Fründt, O., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gilbert, D., Grados, M., Greenberg, E., Grice, D., Hagstrøm, J., Halvorsen, M., Hartmann, A., Hebebrand, J., Hedderly, T., Heiman, G., Heyman, I., Hinney, A., Hirschtritt, M., Hoekstra, P., Hong, H., Huang, A., Huyser, C., Ibanez-Gomez, L., Illmann, C., Jankovic, J., Kim, Y., Kim, Y.S., King, R., Knowles, J., Koh, Y.J., Konstantinidis, A., Kook, S., Kuperman, S., Kurlan, R., Leckman, J., Lee, P., Leventhal, B., Ludolph, A., Luðvigsson, P., Lyon, G., Madruga-Garrido, M., Malaty, I., Maras, A., Mataix-Cols, D., Mathews, C., Mattheisen, M., McMahon, W., McQuillin, A., Mir, P., Moessner, R., Morer, A., Mudgal, P., Mueller-Vahl, K., Murphy, T., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Nawaz, M., Neale, B., Nordsletten, A., Nöthen, M., Okun, M., Ophoff, R., Osiecki, L., Paschou, P., Pato, C., Pato, M., Pauls, D., Plessen, K., Posthuma, D., Richer, P., Rizzo, R., Robertson, M., Roessner, V., Roffman, J., Rouleau, G., Sandor, P., Sæmundsen, E., Scharf, J., Schlögelhofer, M., Shin, E.Y., Singer, H., Smit, J., Smoller, J., Song, D.H., Song, J., Stamenkovic, M., State, M., Stefansson, H., Stefansson, K., Stuhrmann, M., Sul, J., Szatkiewicz, J., Tarnok, Z., Thorarensen, Ó., Tischfield, J., Tsetsos, F., Tübing, J., Visscher, F., Wagner, M., Wanderer, S., Wang, S., Willsey, J., Wolanczyk, T., Woods, D., Woods, M., Worbe, Y., Yu, D., Zelaya, I., Zinner, S., Human genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, Amsterdam Reproduction & Development (AR&D), Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, and Complex Trait Genetics

Subjects
Genetics, Tics, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, Biology, medicine.disease, Tourette syndrome, Genome, Identity by descent, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Pedigree, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Risk Factors, Tic Disorders, medicine, SNP, Humans, Copy-number variation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics, Tourette Syndrome/genetics, Indel, Molecular Biology, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a highly heritable neuropsychiatric disorder with complex patterns of genetic inheritance. Recent genetic findings in TS have highlighted both numerous common variants with small effects and a few rare variants with moderate or large effects. Here we searched for genetic causes of TS in a large, densely-affected British pedigree using a systematic genomic approach. This pedigree spans six generations and includes 122 members, 85 of whom were individually interviewed, and 53 of whom were diagnosed as "cases" (consisting of 28 with definite or probable TS, 20 with chronic multiple tics [CMT], and five with obsessive-compulsive behaviors [OCB]). A total of 66 DNA samples were available (25 TS, 15 CMT, 4 OCB cases, and 22 unaffecteds) and all were genotyped using a dense single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array to identify shared segments, copy number variants (CNVs), and to calculate genetic risk scores. Eight cases were also whole genome sequenced to test whether any rare variants were shared identical by descent. While we did not identify any notable CNVs, single nucleotide variants, indels or repeat expansions of near-Mendelian effect, the most distinctive feature of this family proved to be an unusually high load of common risk alleles for TS. We found that cases within this family carried a higher load of TS common variant risk similar to that previously found in unrelated TS cases. Thus far, the strongest evidence from genetic data for contribution to TS risk in this family comes from multiple common risk variants rather than one or a few variants of strong effect.

Published
2021
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41. Whole-exome sequencing identifies genes associated with Tourette's disorder in multiplex families

Author

Gary A. Heiman, Samuel Kuperman, Andrea Dietrich, Li Deng, Julie Hagstrøm, Yeting Zhang, Jinchuan Xing, Xiaolong Cao, Lisheng Zhou, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Cara Nasello, Astrid Morer, Jay A. Tischfield, Mohamed Abdulkadir, Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Joshua K. Thackray, Kerstin J. Plessen, Justin Koesterich, Thomas V. Fernandez, Robert A. King, Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP), National Institute of Mental Health (US), Tourette Syndrome Association of New Jersey, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (US), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Junta de Andalucía, Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Jacques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation, German Research Foundation, Tourette Association of America, National Institute for Health and Care Research (US), Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study (TIC Genetics), Brown, L.W., Cao, X., Coffey, B.J., Gilbert, D.L., Hedderly, T., Heyman, I., Huyser, C., Kim, E., Kim, Y.S., Koh, Y.J., Leventhal, B.L., Madruga-Garrido, M., Maras, A., Mir, P., Münchau, A., Roessner, V., Song, D.H., State, M.W., Willsey, A.J., Zinner, S.H., Child Psychiatry, Paediatric Psychosocial Care, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Candidate gene, Population, Cadherin Related Proteins, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, 0302 clinical medicine, Neurodevelopmental disorder, Exome Sequencing, medicine, Humans, Family, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Molecular Biology, Gene, Genotyping, Exome sequencing, Zinc finger, Genetics, education.field_of_study, Genetic heterogeneity, Serine Endopeptidases, medicine.disease, Pedigree, Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics, Tourette Syndrome/genetics, Whole Exome Sequencing, Psychiatry and Mental health, 030104 developmental biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

Tourette’s Disorder (TD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) that affects about 0.7% of the population and is one of the most heritable NDDs. Nevertheless, because of its polygenic nature and genetic heterogeneity, the genetic etiology of TD is not well understood. In this study, we combined the segregation information in 13 TD multiplex families with high-throughput sequencing and genotyping to identify genes associated with TD. Using whole-exome sequencing and genotyping array data, we identified both small and large genetic variants within the individuals. We then combined multiple types of evidence to prioritize candidate genes for TD, including variant segregation pattern, variant function prediction, candidate gene expression, protein–protein interaction network, candidate genes from previous studies, etc. From the 13 families, 71 strong candidate genes were identified, including both known genes for NDDs and novel genes, such as HtrA Serine Peptidase 3 (HTRA3), Cadherin-Related Family Member 1 (CDHR1), and Zinc Finger DHHC-Type Palmitoyltransferase 17 (ZDHHC17). The candidate genes are enriched in several Gene Ontology categories, such as dynein complex and synaptic membrane. Candidate genes and pathways identified in this study provide biological insight into TD etiology and potential targets for future studies., This study was supported by a grant from the National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH092293 to GAH and JAT) and by a grant from the New Jersey Center for Tourette Syndrome (to GAH and JAT). This study was also supported by grants from the National Institute of Mental Health (K08MH099424 to TVF) and the National Institute for Environmental Health Science (R01 ES021462 for YSK and BLL). PM has received grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (PI10/01674, PI13/01461), the Consejería de Economía, Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa de la Junta de Andalucía (CVI-02526, CTS-7685), the Consejería de Salud y Bienestar Social de la Junta de Andalucía (PI-0741/2010, PI-0437-2012, PI-0471-2013), the Sociedad Andaluza de Neurología, the Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, the Fundación Mutua Madrileña, and the Jaques and Gloria Gossweiler Foundation. AM has received grants from the Fundacion Alicia Koplowitz and belongs to the research group of the Comissionat per Universitats i Recerca del Departmanent d’Innovacio (DIUE) 2009SGR1119. AM has received grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG: MU 1692/3-1, MU 1692/4-1, and FOR 2698). AJW received a Young Investigator Award from Tourette Association of America. IH declares that all research at Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health is made possible by the NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre.

Published
2020

42. European Multicentre Tics in Children Studies (EMTICS)

Author

Schrag, A, Martino, D, Apter, A, Ball, J, Bartolini, E, Benaroya-Milshtein, N, Buttiglione, M, Cardona, F, Creti, R, Efstratiou, A, Gariup, M, Georgitsi, M, Hedderly, T, Heyman, I, Margarit, I, Mir, P, Moll, N, Morer, A, Müller, N, Müller-Vahl, K, Münchau, A, Orefici, G, Plessen, Kj, Porcelli, C, Paschou, P, Rizzo, R, Roessner, V, Schwarz, Mj, Steinberg, T, Tagwerker Gloor, F, Tarnok, Z, Walitza, S, Dietrich, A, Hoekstra, Pj, Zacharias, Anastasiou, Isobel, Heyman, Chaim, Huyser, Marcos, Madruga, Pablo, Mir, Astrid, Morer, Nanette Mol Debes, Natalie, Moll, Norbert Mu ̈ller, Peter, Nagy, Kerstin Jessica Plessen, Cesare, Porcelli, Renata, Rizzo, Veit, Roessner, Jaana, Schnell, Liselotte, Skov, Zsanett, Tarnok, Susanne, Walitza, Andrea, Dietrich, Baglioni, Valentina, Juliane, Ball, Emese, Bognar, Bianka, Burger, Judith, Buse, Marta Correa Vela, Maria Cristina Ferro, Carolin, Fremer, Mariangela, Gulisano, Annelieke, Hagen, Julie, Hagstrøm, Anna, Marotta, Neri, Valeria, Thaïra J, C Openneer, Pellico, Alessandra, Kerstin, J Plessen, Daphna, Ruhrman, Jaana M, L Schnell, Silvestri, PAOLA ROSARIA, Tamar, Steinberg, Friederike Tagwerker Gloor, Elif, Weidinger, EMTICS Collaborative Group, Anastasiou, Z., Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Bartolini, E., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Buttiglione, M., Cardona, F., Correa Vela, M., Creti, R., Dietrich, A., Debes, N.M., Efstratiou, A., Ferro, M.C., Fremer, C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gariup, M., Georgitsi, M., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Imperi, M., Karagiannidis, I., Laviola, G., Macri, S., Madruga-Garrido, M., Margarit, I., Marotta, A., Martino, D., Meier, U.C., Mir, P., Moll, N., Morer, A., Müller, N., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, TJC, Orefici, G., Paschou, P., Pellico, A., Petruzzelli, O., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Redondo, M., Rizzo, R., Roazzi, P., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, JML, Schrag, A., Schütze, G.A., Schwarz, M.J., Silvestri, P.R., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Stöber, S., Gloor, F.T., Tallon, M., Tarnok, Z., Turner, V.L., Walitza, S., Weidinger, E., Woods, M.L., European Commission, National Institute for Health Research (UK), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (UK), University College London, NHS Foundation Trust, GlaxoSmithKline, German Research Foundation, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, Tic disorder, BLOOD, Tourette syndrome, Obsessive–compulsive disorder, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Obsessive-compulsive disorder, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Genetics, Longitudinal, Streptococcal infection, Stress, Prospective cohort study, Child, GENE-EXPRESSION, education.field_of_study, HAIR CORTISOL, 05 social sciences, A STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS, Original Contribution, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Europe, Psychiatry and Mental health, LA-TOURETTE SYNDROME, Child, Preschool, NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS, Cohort, Female, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Cohort study, medicine.medical_specialty, congenital, hereditary, and neonatal diseases and abnormalities, Tics, Adolescent, PSYCHOSOCIAL STRESS, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, education, Tic Disorders/complications, Tic Disorders/diagnosis, Tic Disorders/pathology, business.industry, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, nervous system diseases, body regions, PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Chronic Tic Disorder, business, human activities
Abstract

EMTICS Collaborative Group., Genetic predisposition, autoimmunity and environmental factors [e.g. pre- and perinatal difficulties, Group A Streptococcal (GAS) and other infections, stress-inducing events] might interact to create a neurobiological vulnerability to the development of tics and associated behaviours. However, the existing evidence for this relies primarily on small prospective or larger retrospective population-based studies, and is therefore still inconclusive. This article describes the design and methodology of the EMTICS study, a longitudinal observational European multicentre study involving 16 clinical centres, with the following objectives: (1) to investigate the association of environmental factors (GAS exposure and psychosocial stress, primarily) with the onset and course of tics and/or obsessive–compulsive symptoms through the prospective observation of at-risk individuals (ONSET cohort: 260 children aged 3–10 years who are tic-free at study entry and have a first-degree relative with a chronic tic disorder) and affected individuals (COURSE cohort: 715 youth aged 3–16 years with a tic disorder); (2) to characterise the immune response to microbial antigens and the host’s immune response regulation in association with onset and exacerbations of tics; (3) to increase knowledge of the human gene pathways influencing the pathogenesis of tic disorders; and (4) to develop prediction models for the risk of onset and exacerbations of tic disorders. The EMTICS study is, to our knowledge, the largest prospective cohort assessment of the contribution of different genetic and environmental factors to the risk of developing tics in putatively predisposed individuals and to the risk of exacerbating tics in young individuals with chronic tic disorders., This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under Grant agreement no. 278367. Schrag was supported by the National Institute for Health Research UCLH Biomedical Research Centre, and Müller, Burger, Schnell and Weidinger by Stiftung Immunität und Seele. This research was supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and University College London (Heyman); partially sponsored by GSK Vaccines (Margarit, Bartolini); and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG): projects 1692/3-1, 4-1 (Münchau).

Published
2019
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43. De Novo Sequence and Copy Number Variants Are Strongly Associated with Tourette Disorder and Implicate Cell Polarity in Pathogenesis

Author

Sheng Wang, Jeffrey D. Mandell, Yogesh Kumar, Nawei Sun, Montana T. Morris, Juan Arbelaez, Cara Nasello, Shan Dong, Clif Duhn, Xin Zhao, Zhiyu Yang, Shanmukha S. Padmanabhuni, Dongmei Yu, Robert A. King, Andrea Dietrich, Najah Khalifa, Niklas Dahl, Alden Y. Huang, Benjamin M. Neale, Giovanni Coppola, Carol A. Mathews, Jeremiah M. Scharf, Thomas V. Fernandez, Joseph D. Buxbaum, Silvia De Rubeis, Dorothy E. Grice, Jinchuan Xing, Gary A. Heiman, Jay A. Tischfield, Peristera Paschou, A. Jeremy Willsey, Matthew W. State, Mohamed Abdulkadir, Benjamin Bodmer, Yana Bromberg, Lawrence W. Brown, Keun-Ah Cheon, Barbara J. Coffey, Li Deng, Lonneke Elzerman, Carolin Fremer, Blanca Garcia-Delgar, Donald L. Gilbert, Julie Hagstrøm, Tammy Hedderly, Isobel Heyman, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Hyun Ju Hong, Chaim Huyser, Eun-Joo Kim, Young Key Kim, Young-Shin Kim, Yun-Joo Koh, Sodahm Kook, Samuel Kuperman, Bennett L Leventhal, Andrea G. Ludolph, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Athanasios Maras, Pablo Mir, Astrid Morer, Montana T Morris, Kirsten Müller-Vahl, Alexander Münchau, Tara L. Murphy, Kerstin J. Plessen, Hannah Poisner, Veit Roessner, Stephan J. Sanders, Eun-Young Shin, Dong-Ho Song, Jungeun Song, Joshua K. Thackray, Jennifer Tübing, Frank Visscher, Sina Wanderer, A Jeremy Willsey, Martin Woods, Yeting Zhang, Samuel H. Zinner, Christos Androutsos, Csaba Barta, Luca Farkas, Jakub Fichna, Marianthi Georgitsi, Piotr Janik, Iordanis Karagiannidis, Anastasia Koumoula, Peter Nagy, Joanna Puchala, Renata Rizzo, Natalia Szejko, Urszula Szymanska, Zsanett Tarnok, Vaia Tsironi, Tomasz Wolanczyk, Cezary Zekanowski, Cathy L. Barr, James R. Batterson, Cheston Berlin, Ruth D. Bruun, Cathy L. Budman, Danielle C. Cath, Sylvain Chouinard, Nancy J. Cox, Sabrina Darrow, Lea K. Davis, Yves Dion, Nelson B. Freimer, Marco A. Grados, Matthew E. Hirschtritt, Cornelia Illmann, Roger Kurlan, James F. Leckman, Gholson J. Lyon, Irene A. Malaty, William M. MacMahon, Michael S. Okun, Lisa Osiecki, David L. Pauls, Danielle Posthuma, Vasily Ramensky, Mary M. Robertson, Guy A. Rouleau, Paul Sandor, Harvey S. Singer, Jan Smit, Jae-Hoon Sul, Tourette International Collaborative Genetics Study (TIC Genetics), Tourette Syndrome Genetics Southern and Eastern Europe Initiative (TSGENESEE), Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics (TAAICG), Abdulkadir, M., Arbelaez, J., Bodmer, B., Bromberg, Y., Brown, L.W., Cheon, K.A., Coffey, B.J., Deng, L., Dietrich, A., Dong, S., Duhn, C., Elzerman, L., Fernandez, T.V., Fremer, C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gilbert, D.L., Grice, D.E., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T., Heiman, G.A., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Hong, H.J., Huyser, C., Kim, E.J., Kim, Y.K., Kim, Y.S., King, R.A., Koh, Y.J., Kook, S., Kuperman, S., Leventhal, B.L., Ludolph, A.G., Madruga-Garrido, M., Mandell, J.D., Maras, A., Mir, P., Morer, A., Morris, M.T., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Murphy, T.L., Nasello, C., Plessen, K.J., Poisner, H., Roessner, V., Sanders, S.J., Shin, E.Y., Song, D.H., Song, J., State, M.W., Sun, N., Thackray, J.K., Tischfield, J.A., Tübing, J., Visscher, F., Wanderer, S., Wang, S., Willsey, A.J., Woods, M., Xing, J., Zhang, Y., Zhao, X., Zinner, S.H., Androutsos, C., Barta, C., Farkas, L., Fichna, J., Georgitsi, M., Janik, P., Karagiannidis, I., Koumoula, A., Nagy, P., Paschou, P., Puchala, J., Rizzo, R., Szejko, N., Szymanska, U., Tarnok, Z., Tsironi, V., Wolanczyk, T., Zekanowski, C., Barr, C.L., Batterson, J.R., Berlin, C., Bruun, R.D., Budman, C.L., Cath, D.C., Chouinard, S., Coppola, G., Cox, N.J., Darrow, S., Davis, L.K., Dion, Y., Freimer, N.B., Grados, M.A., Hirschtritt, M.E., Huang, A.Y., Illmann, C., Kurlan, R., Leckman, J.F., Lyon, G.J., Malaty, I.A., Mathews, C.A., MacMahon, W.M., Neale, B.M., Okun, M.S., Osiecki, L., Pauls, D.L., Posthuma, D., Ramensky, V., Robertson, M.M., Rouleau, G.A., Sandor, P., Scharf, J.M., Singer, H.S., Smit, J., Sul, J.H., and Yu, D.

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, DNA Copy Number Variations, Receptors, Cell Surface, Biology, Genome, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, RARE, SCHIZOPHRENIA, medicine, Humans, Copy-number variation, Child, NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS, Gene, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Exome sequencing, 030304 developmental biology, Medicinsk genetik, Sequence (medicine), Genetics, 0303 health sciences, SEVERE INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY, Cadherin, MUTATIONS, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, Cell Polarity, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER, Cadherins, medicine.disease, Pedigree, PREVALENCE, CONGENITAL HEART-DISEASE, GENOME, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Schizophrenia, Medical genetics, Female, Cadherins/genetics, Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics, Tourette Syndrome/genetics, Tourette Syndrome/pathology, TIC Genetics, Tourette disorder, cell polarity, copy number variants, de novo variants, gene discovery, microarray genotyping, multiplex, simplex, whole exome sequencing, Medical Genetics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Tourette Syndrome
Abstract

SUMMARY We previously established the contribution of de novo damaging sequence variants to Tourette disorder (TD) through whole-exome sequencing of 511 trios. Here, we sequence an additional 291 TD trios and analyze the combined set of 802 trios. We observe an overrepresentation of de novo damaging variants in simplex, but not multiplex, families; we identify a high-confidence TD risk gene, CELSR3 (cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor 3); we find that the genes mutated in TD patients are enriched for those related to cell polarity, suggesting a common pathway underlying pathobiology; and we confirm a statistically significant excess of de novo copy number variants in TD. Finally, we identify significant overlap of de novo sequence variants between TD and obsessive-compulsive disorder and de novo copy number variants between TD and autism spectrum disorder, consistent with shared genetic risk., In Brief Wang et al. expand their earlier exome-sequencing work in TD, adding 291 trios and conducting combined analyses suggesting de novo variants carry more risk in individuals with unaffected parents, establishing de novo structural variants as risk factors, identifying CELSR3 as a risk gene, and implicating cell polarity in pathogenesis., Graphical Abstract

Published
2018

44. The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale in a large sample of children and adolescents:psychometric properties in a developmental context. An EMTICS study

Author

Openneer, Thaïra J.C., Tárnok, Zsanett, Bognar, Emese, Benaroya-Milshtein, Noa, Garcia-Delgar, Blanca, Morer, Astrid, Steinberg, Tamar, Hoekstra, Pieter J., Dietrich, Andrea, Apter, Alan, Baglioni, Valentina, Ball, Juliane, Bodmer, Benjamin, Burger, Bianka, Buse, Judith, Cardona, Francesco, Correa Vela, Marta, Debes, Nanette M., Ferro, Maria Cristina, Fremer, Carolin, Gulisano, Mariangela, Hagen, Annelieke, Hagstrøm, Julie, Hedderly, Tammy J., Heyman, Isobel, Huyser, Chaim, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Marotta, Anna, Mir, Pablo, Müller, Norbert, Müller-Vahl, Kirsten, Münchau, Alexander, Nagy, Peter, Neri, Valeria, Pellico, Alessandra, Plessen, Kerstin J., Porcelli, Cesare, Redondo, Marina, Rizzo, Renata, Roessner, Veit, Ruhrman, Daphna, Schnell, Jaana M.L., Silvestri, Paola Rosaria, Skov, Liselotte, Tagwerker Gloor, Friederike, Tübing, Jennifer, Turner, Victoria L., Visscher, Frank, and the EMTICS collaborative group, Apter, A., Baglioni, V., Ball, J., Benaroya-Milshtein, N., Bodmer, B., Bognar, E., Burger, B., Buse, J., Cardona, F., Correa Vela, M., Debes, N.M., Dietrich, A., Ferro, M.C., Fremer, C., Garcia-Delgar, B., Gulisano, M., Hagen, A., Hagstrøm, J., Hedderly, T.J., Heyman, I., Hoekstra, P.J., Huyser, C., Madruga-Garrido, M., Marotta, A., Mir, P., Morer, A., Müller, N., Müller-Vahl, K., Münchau, A., Nagy, P., Neri, V., Openneer, TJC, Pellico, A., Plessen, K.J., Porcelli, C., Redondo, M., Rizzo, R., Roessner, V., Ruhrman, D., Schnell, JML, Silvestri, P.R., Skov, L., Steinberg, T., Tagwerker Gloor, F., Tárnok, Z., Tübing, J., Turner, V.L., Visscher, F., ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Child Psychiatry, ANS - Amsterdam Neuroscience, and Clinical Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Research Program (CCNP)

Subjects
Sensory phenomena, Male, Tourette syndrome, THERAPY, Severity of Illness Index, Obsessive-compulsive symptoms, 0302 clinical medicine, Quality of life, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Developmental and Educational Psychology, Child and adolescent psychiatry, 030212 general & internal medicine, ADULT PATIENTS, Child, Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS), Obsessive–compulsive symptoms, Premonitory urges, Psychometric properties, General Medicine, Original Contribution, Psychiatry and Mental health, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, Psychology, Clinical psychology, medicine.medical_specialty, Tics, Adolescent, Psychometrics, DISORDERS, QUESTIONNAIRE, Context (language use), 03 medical and health sciences, OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE SCALE, medicine, SENSORY PHENOMENA, Humans, TOURETTE-SYNDROME, HABIT REVERSAL, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, SEVERITY, Sample size determination, Tic Disorders, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Chronic Tic Disorder, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Premonitory urges are uncomfortable physical sensations preceding tics that occur in most individuals with a chronic tic disorder. The Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (PUTS) is the most frequently used self-report measure to assess the severity of premonitory urges. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the PUTS in the largest sample size to date (n = 656), in children aged 3–16 years, from the baseline measurement of the longitudinal European Multicenter Tics in Children Study (EMTICS). Our psychometric evaluation was done in three age-groups: children aged 3–7 years (n = 103), children between 8 and 10 years (n = 253), and children aged 11–16 years (n = 300). The PUTS exhibited good internal reliability in children and adolescents, also under the age of 10, which is younger than previously thought. We observed significant but small correlations between the severity of urges and severity of tics and obsessive–compulsive symptoms, and between severity of urges and ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and internalizing and externalizing behaviors, however, only in children of 8–10 years. Consistent with previous results, the 10th item of the PUTS correlated less with the rest of the scale compared to the other items and, therefore, should not be used as part of the questionnaire. We found a two-factor structure of the PUTS in children of 11 years and older, distinguishing between sensory phenomena related to tics, and mental phenomena as often found in obsessive–compulsive disorder. The age-related differences observed in this study may indicate the need for the development of an age-specific questionnaire to assess premonitory urges. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00787-019-01450-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Published
2020
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45. Deoxynucleoside Therapy for Thymidine Kinase 2-Deficient Myopathy

Author

Francisco Javier Aguirre‐Rodríguez, Susana G. Kalko, Elena Martín-Hernández, Fabiola Mavillard, Michio Hirano, Javier Torres-Torronteras, Bruce Levin, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera, Yuqi Tu, Juan P. Morealejo‐Aycinena, Yuelin Long, Karin Kleinsteuber, Ramon Martí, Itxaso Marti, Jasim Uddin, Olga Serrano, Caterina Garone, Concepcion Álvarez del Vayo, M. Alice Donati, Francina Munell, John L.P. Thompson, Carmen Paradas, Cristina Domínguez-González, Andrés Nascimento, M. Dolores Sardina, Kristen Engelstad, Dominguez-Gonzalez C., Madruga-Garrido M., Mavillard F., Garone C., Aguirre-Rodriguez F.J., Donati M.A., Kleinsteuber K., Marti I., Martin-Hernandez E., Morealejo-Aycinena J.P., Munell F., Nascimento A., Kalko S.G., Sardina M.D., Alvarez del Vayo C., Serrano O., Long Y., Tu Y., Levin B., Thompson J.L.P., Engelstad K., Uddin J., Torres-Torronteras J., Jimenez-Mallebrera C., Marti R., Paradas C., Hirano M., Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Generalitat de Catalunya, European Commission, Muscular Dystrophy Association (US), and Arturo Estopinan TK2 Research Fund

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Adult, Compassionate Use Trials, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Neurology, Side effect, medicine.medical_treatment, Deoxyribonucleosides, Walk Test, Gastroenterology, Thymidine Kinase, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Muscular Diseases, Internal medicine, tk2, myopathy, nucleosides, therapy, medicine, Humans, Myopathy, Child, Feeding tube, Mechanical ventilation, business.industry, Discontinuation, Diarrhea, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Female, Neurology (clinical), GDF15, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

[Objective] Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause depletion and multiple deletions of mtDNA that manifest predominantly as a myopathy usually beginning in childhood and progressing relentlessly. We investigated the safety and efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies., [Methods] We administered deoxynucleoside monophosphates and deoxynucleoside to 16 TK2‐deficient patients under a compassionate use program., [Results] In 5 patients with early onset and severe disease, survival and motor functions were better than historically untreated patients. In 11 childhood and adult onset patients, clinical measures stabilized or improved. Three of 8 patients who were nonambulatory at baseline gained the ability to walk on therapy; 4 of 5 patients who required enteric nutrition were able to discontinue feeding tube use; and 1 of 9 patients who required mechanical ventilation became able to breathe independently. In motor functional scales, improvements were observed in the 6‐minute walk test performance in 7 of 8 subjects, Egen Klassifikation in 2 of 3, and North Star Ambulatory Assessment in all 5 tested. Baseline elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels decreased with treatment in all 7 patients tested. A side effect observed in 8 of the 16 patients was dose‐dependent diarrhea, which did not require withdrawal of treatment. Among 12 other TK2 patients treated with deoxynucleoside, 2 adults developed elevated liver enzymes that normalized following discontinuation of therapy., [Interpretation] This open‐label study indicates favorable side effect profiles and clinical efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies for TK2 deficiency. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:293–303, This work was supported in part by grants from the Spanish Carlos III Health Institute (PMP15/00025 for C.P., F.Ma., and R.M.; PI16/00579 and CP09/00011 for C.J.‐M.), Muscular Dystrophy Association (577391), Arturo Estopinan TK2 Research Fund, Generalitat de Catalunya PERIS program (SLT002/16/00370 for J.T‐T.), and European Regional Development Fund.

Published
2019

46. Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

Author

Brainstorm Consortium, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K, Walters, Raymond K, Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J, Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A, Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H, Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-François, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N, Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M, Huentelman, Matthew J, Kamboh, M Ilyas, Larson, Eric B, Rogaeva, Ekaterina, St George-Hyslop, Peter, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A, Farrer, Lindsay A, Barnes, Lisa L, Beach, Thomas G, Demirci, F Yesim, Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M, Jicha, Gregory A, Kauwe, John SK, Kaye, Jeffrey A, Leverenz, James B, Levey, Allan I, Lieberman, Andrew P, Pankratz, Vernon S, Poon, Wayne W, Quinn, Joseph F, Saykin, Andrew J, Schneider, Lon S, Smith, Amanda G, Sonnen, Joshua A, Stern, Robert A, Van Deerlin, Vivianna M, Van Eldik, Linda J, Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C, Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C, Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J, Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M, Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K, Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johannes, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C, Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J, De Jager, Philip L, Geschwind, Daniel H, Riemenschneider, Matthias, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I, Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T, Cruchaga, Carlos, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nicholas, Kurth, Tobias, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M, Freilinger, Tobias, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D, Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab HH, Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E, Schürks, Markus, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G, Montgomery, Grant W, Kurki, Mitja I, Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfons, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thomas, Werge, Thomas, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andres, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D, Belin, Andrea C, Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn MJM, Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nicholas, Olesen, Jes, Chasman, Daniel I, Nyholt, Dale R, Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell J, Catarino, Claudia B, Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Dennis, Ferraro, Thomas N, French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S, Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S, Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thomas, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M, Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Thomas, G Neil, Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D, Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L, Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicitas, Stroink, Hans, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thomas, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R, Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y, Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thomas, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Boraska Perica, Vesna, Thornton, Laura M, Huckins, Laura M, William Rayner, N, Lewis, Cathryn M, Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I, Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andreas, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H, O'Toole, Julie K, Trace, Sara E, Davis, Oliver SP, Helder, Sietske G, Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N, Van Elburg, Annemarie A, Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragiskos, Tziouvas, Konstantinos, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julià, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M, Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A, Espeseth, Thomas, Lundervold, Astri J, Steen, Vidar M, Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W, Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lars, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A, Mitchell, James, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W, Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesús, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D, Banaschewski, Tobias, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K, Arias Vasquez, Alejandro, Doyle, Alysa E, Reif, Andreas, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H, Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D, Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikolas, Bau, Claiton HD, Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K, McGough, James J, Grevet, Eugenio H, Medland, Sarah E, Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A, Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M, Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, De-Luca, Daniel Moreno, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thomas, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Rogé, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G, Thompson, Robert C, Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Douglas, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E, Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B, Reinbold, Céline S, Fullerton, Janice M, Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R, Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W, Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johannes, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B, Gershon, Elliot S, Rice, John, Potash, James B, Zandi, Peter P, Craddock, Nick, Ferrier, I Nicol, Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A, Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlos, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Markus, Czerski, Piotr M, Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R, Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till FM, Forstner, Andreas J, Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T, Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R, MacIntyre, Donald J, Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M, Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H, Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S, Nauck, Matthias, Schoevers, Robert A, Beekman, Aartjan Tf, Knowles, James A, Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L, Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Bienvenu, O Joseph, Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M, Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thomas, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L, Hartmann, Andreas, Hirschtritt, Matthew E, Hoekstra, Pieter J, Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J, Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marcos, Malaty, Irene A, Maras, Athanasios, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C, Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S, Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M, Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A, Riddle, Mark A, Robertson, Mary M, Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F, Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J, Tsetsos, Fotis, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R, Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S, McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S, Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A, Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, James, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Janis, Kučinskas, Vaidutis, Lee Chee Keong, Jimmy, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C, Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christos, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Panos, Sanders, Alan R, Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G, Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, James, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V, Henskens, Frans, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M, Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V, Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S, Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A, Price, Alkes, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W, Cotsapas, Chris, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W, Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M, Schott, Jonathan M, Anney, Richard, Elia, Josephine, Grigoroiu-Serbanescu, Maria, Edenberg, Howard J, Murray, Robin, Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard (BROAD INSTITUTE), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], UK Dementia Research Institute (UK DRI), University College of London [London] (UCL), School of Psychology [Cardiff University], Cardiff University, Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität [München]-Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), New Jersey Institute of Technology [Newark] (NJIT), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement - U 1167 (RID-AGE), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences [Yokohama] (RIKEN IMS), RIKEN - Institute of Physical and Chemical Research [Japon] (RIKEN), Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique (PSNREC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Microbiologie Appliquée (LBMA), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Bordeaux population health (BPH), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Santé Publique, d'Épidémiologie et de Développement (ISPED)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de neurologie [Rouen], CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Institut de Biologie François JACOB (JACOB), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Gériatrie générale et aigüe [Paris], AP-HP - Hôpital Cochin Broca Hôtel Dieu [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Columbia University [New York], Dpt of Neuroscience [New York], Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai [New York] (MSSM), University of Pittsburgh (PITT), Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE), University of Washington [Seattle], Tanz Center Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases [Toronto], University of Toronto, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP ), University of Kentucky (UK), School of medicine, Duke University [Durham], College of medicine, Brigham Young University (BYU), Oregon Health and Science University [Portland] (OHSU), Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurology, Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Medical School, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Health sciences center, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders [Irvine], University of California [Irvine] (UC Irvine), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI), Indiana University System, Keck School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), University of Utah School of Medicine [Salt Lake City], Boston University School of Medicine (BUSM), Boston University [Boston] (BU), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), Functional Genomics Center Zurich, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Cambridge Institute for Medical Research (CIMR), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Maurice Wohl Clinical Neuroscience Institut, King‘s College London, Dementia Research Centre [London] (DRC), Groupe de recherche clinique Alzheimer Precision Medicine (GRC 21 - APM), Sorbonne Université (SU), MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Medical Research Council-Cardiff University, MRC Prion Unit [London], Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), School of Medicine [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), School of Public Health [Boston], Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Columbia University Medical Center (CUMC), David Geffen School of Medicine [Los Angeles], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), Saarland University [Saarbrücken], Universität Leipzig, School of Medicine [Los Angeles], Johannes Kepler Universität Linz - Johannes Kepler University Linz [Autriche] (JKU), Department of Neurology [Boston], Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS)-Massachusetts General Hospital [Boston], School of Medecine, Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland [Helsinki] (FIMM), Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, 23andMe Inc., Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Department of Biological Psychology [Amsterdam], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Universiteit Leiden, University-Hospital Munich-Großhadern [München], Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Universität Ulm - Ulm University [Ulm, Allemagne], Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences [Tampere], University of Tampere [Finland], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Brigham & Women’s Hospital [Boston] (BWH), Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Landspitali National University Hospital of Iceland, VU University Medical Center [Amsterdam], Boston VA Research Institute (BVARI), Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics [Oxford], University of Oxford, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, National Institute for Health and Welfare [Helsinki], Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of Tartu, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Center for Human and Clinical Genetics, Universiteit Leiden-Universiteit Leiden, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation (IHBI), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Discipline of Psychiatry [Dublin], Trinity College Dublin-Trinity College Dublin, Institute of Neurology [London], The University of Hong Kong (HKU), University of Melbourne, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University [Camden] (CMSRU), Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Université de Montréal (UdeM), University of Antwerp (UA), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Eastern Finland, Universitätsklinikum Bonn (UKB), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, NIHR Biomedical Research Centre [London], Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust-King‘s College London, University Medical Center [Utrecht], Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI), University of Southern Denmark (SDU), United Christian Hospital [Hong Kong] (UCH), University of Cincinnati (UC), University of Cologne, Inselspital Bern, University of Wales, Jefferson University Hospitals, University of Liverpool, Medizinische Universität Wien = Medical University of Vienna, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), German Research Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases - Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive (IRSD ), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Lincoln, University of Newcastle [Callaghan, Australia] (UoN), Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Virginia, University of Maryland [Baltimore County] (UMBC), University of Maryland System, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Edinburgh, Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), University of Split, University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), Center for Genomic Regulation (CRG-UPF), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), McLean Hospital [Belmont, Ma.], Norwegian Institute of Public Health [Oslo] (NIPH), Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), University of Bristol [Bristol], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Azienda Ospedaliera di Padova, Université de Liège, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology (MCMCC), Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli' = University of the Study of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), Charles University [Prague] (CU), SURFACES, Institut de recherches sur la catalyse et l'environnement de Lyon (IRCELYON), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), University of Oslo (UiO), University of Bergen (UiB), Weill Medical College of Cornell University [New York], University of North Dakota [Grand Forks] (UND), Oregon Research Institute (ORI), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental [Madrid] (CIBER-SAM), Hospital Universitario Mutua de Terrassa, School of Computer Science and Communication [Stockholm], Royal Institute of Technology [Stockholm] (KTH ), Jefferson (Philadelphia University + Thomas Jefferson University), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University, Radboud University Medical Center [Nijmegen], Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Maastricht University [Maastricht], Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul [Porto Alegre] (UFRGS), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), University of British Columbia (UBC), IRCCS Fondazione Stella Maris [Pisa], Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neuroscience Paris Seine (NPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Coimbra [Coimbra], Academic Centre on Rare Diseases (ACoRD), University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Our Lady's Children's Hospital Crumlin (OLCHC), German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Children’s Hospital Los Angeles [Los Angeles], Yale University [New Haven], Brown University, Institute of Neuroscience [Newcastle] (ION), Newcastle University [Newcastle], Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics (MEB), Division of Medical Genetics [Seattle], University of Illinois [Chicago] (UIC), University of Illinois System, Maine Medical Center Research Institute (MMCRI), Génétique humaine et fonctions cognitives - Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions (GHFC (UMR_3571 / U-Pasteur_1)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie et Psychologie de la Santé (CERPPS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), University of Michigan System, Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry [Mannhein], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg] = Heidelberg University-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, University of Dundee, National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), University Hospital Basel [Basel], Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, UNSW Faculty of Medicine [Sydney], University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), University of Chicago, Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Dalhousie University [Halifax], Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], State University of New York (SUNY), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], University of Adelaide, James Cook University (JCU), Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Greifswald University Hospital, The University of Sydney, University Medical Center Groningen [Groningen] (UMCG), University of Calgary, University Health Network, Universidad de Antioquia = University of Antioquia [Medellín, Colombia], Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Ospedale San Raffaele, University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), University of Groningen [Groningen], Yale School of Medicine [New Haven, Connecticut] (YSM), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of Cape Town, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Universidad de Sevilla / University of Sevilla, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), University of Denver, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois [Lausanne] (CHUV), Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology [Moscow] (MIPT), Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Federal Institute of São Paulo (IFSP), Democritus University of Thrace (DUTH), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Sorbonne Université - Faculté de Médecine - Département d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Médecine Générale, Universitätsklinikum Essen [Universität Duisburg-Essen] (Uniklinik Essen), Vanderbilt University Medical Center [Nashville], Vanderbilt University [Nashville], Institute of Mental Health [Singapore], Universidad de Cantabria [Santander], Tel Aviv University (TAU), University College Cork (UCC), University of Rochester [USA], Statens Serum Institut [Copenhagen], Софийски университет = Sofia University, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre [Rīga], Vilnius University [Vilnius], Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Jena University Hospital [Jena], Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Schizophrenia Research Institute [Sydney], Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health [Wollongong], University of Wollongong [Australia], City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), This work was supported by grants 1R01MH10764901 and 5U01MH09443203 from the National Institute of Mental Health, as well as the Orion Farmos Research Foundation (V.A.) and the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation (H.K.F.). Consortium specific funding is detailed in the supplementary materials ('Study-specific acknowledgments')., Brainstorm Consortium, University of Kentucky, University of California [Irvine] (UCI), University of California-University of California, University of Pennsylvania [Philadelphia], Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 AMP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Universität Leipzig [Leipzig], Johannes Kepler University Linz [Linz] (JKU), University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, University of Helsinki, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Newcastle [Australia] (UoN), University of Virginia [Charlottesville], Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli studi della Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg]-Central Institute of Mental Health Mannheim, VU University Amsterdam, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Yale University School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Service de Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière] (SPEA), Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], University of Sofia, Anttila, Verneri, Bulik-Sullivan, Brendan, Finucane, Hilary K., Walters, Raymond K., Bras, Jose, Duncan, Laramie, Escott-Price, Valentina, Falcone, Guido J., Gormley, Padhraig, Malik, Rainer, Patsopoulos, Nikolaos A., Ripke, Stephan, Wei, Zhi, Yu, Dongmei, Lee, Phil H., Turley, Patrick, Grenier-Boley, Benjamin, Chouraki, Vincent, Kamatani, Yoichiro, Berr, Claudine, Letenneur, Luc, Hannequin, Didier, Amouyel, Philippe, Boland, Anne, Deleuze, Jean-Françoi, Duron, Emmanuelle, Vardarajan, Badri N., Reitz, Christiane, Goate, Alison M., Huentelman, Matthew J., Ilyas Kamboh, M., Larson, Eric B., Rogaeva, Ekaterina, George-Hyslop, Peter St, Hakonarson, Hakon, Kukull, Walter A., Farrer, Lindsay A., Barnes, Lisa L., Beach, Thomas G., Yesim Demirci, F., Head, Elizabeth, Hulette, Christine M., Jicha, Gregory A., Kauwe, John S.K., Kaye, Jeffrey A., Leverenz, James B., Levey, Allan I., Lieberman, Andrew P., Pankratz, Vernon S., Poon, Wayne W., Quinn, Joseph F., Saykin, Andrew J., Schneider, Lon S., Smith, Amanda G., Sonnen, Joshua A., Stern, Robert A., Van Deerlin, Vivianna M., Van Eldik, Linda J., Harold, Denise, Russo, Giancarlo, Rubinsztein, David C., Bayer, Anthony, Tsolaki, Magda, Proitsi, Petra, Fox, Nick C., Hampel, Harald, Owen, Michael J., Mead, Simon, Passmore, Peter, Morgan, Kevin, Nöthen, Markus M., Rossor, Martin, Lupton, Michelle K., Hoffmann, Per, Kornhuber, Johanne, Lawlor, Brian, McQuillin, Andrew, Al-Chalabi, Ammar, Bis, Joshua C., Ruiz, Agustin, Boada, Mercè, Seshadri, Sudha, Beiser, Alexa, Rice, Kenneth, Van Der Lee, Sven J., De Jager, Philip L., Geschwind, Daniel H., Riemenschneider, Matthia, Riedel-Heller, Steffi, Rotter, Jerome I., Ransmayr, Gerhard, Hyman, Bradley T., Cruchaga, Carlo, Alegret, Montserrat, Winsvold, Bendik, Palta, Priit, Farh, Kai-How, Cuenca-Leon, Ester, Furlotte, Nichola, Kurth, Tobia, Ligthart, Lannie, Terwindt, Gisela M., Freilinger, Tobia, Ran, Caroline, Gordon, Scott D., Borck, Guntram, Adams, Hieab H.H., Lehtimäki, Terho, Wedenoja, Juho, Buring, Julie E., Schürks, Marku, Hrafnsdottir, Maria, Hottenga, Jouke-Jan, Penninx, Brenda, Artto, Ville, Kaunisto, Mari, Vepsäläinen, Salli, Martin, Nicholas G., Montgomery, Grant W., Kurki, Mitja I., Hämäläinen, Eija, Huang, Hailiang, Huang, Jie, Sandor, Cynthia, Webber, Caleb, Muller-Myhsok, Bertram, Schreiber, Stefan, Salomaa, Veikko, Loehrer, Elizabeth, Göbel, Hartmut, Macaya, Alfon, Pozo-Rosich, Patricia, Hansen, Thoma, Werge, Thoma, Kaprio, Jaakko, Metspalu, Andre, Kubisch, Christian, Ferrari, Michel D., Belin, Andrea C., Van Den Maagdenberg, Arn M. J. M., Zwart, John-Anker, Boomsma, Dorret, Eriksson, Nichola, Olesen, Je, Chasman, Daniel I., Nyholt, Dale R., Avbersek, Andreja, Baum, Larry, Berkovic, Samuel, Bradfield, Jonathan, Buono, Russell, Catarino, Claudia B., Cossette, Patrick, De Jonghe, Peter, Depondt, Chantal, Dlugos, Denni, Ferraro, Thomas N., French, Jacqueline, Hjalgrim, Helle, Jamnadas-Khoda, Jennifer, Kälviäinen, Reetta, Kunz, Wolfram S., Lerche, Holger, Leu, Costin, Lindhout, Dick, Lo, Warren, Lowenstein, Daniel, McCormack, Mark, Møller, Rikke S., Molloy, Anne, Ng, Ping-Wing, Oliver, Karen, Privitera, Michael, Radtke, Rodney, Ruppert, Ann-Kathrin, Sander, Thoma, Schachter, Steven, Schankin, Christoph, Scheffer, Ingrid, Schoch, Susanne, Sisodiya, Sanjay M., Smith, Philip, Sperling, Michael, Striano, Pasquale, Surges, Rainer, Neil Thomas, G., Visscher, Frank, Whelan, Christopher D., Zara, Federico, Heinzen, Erin L., Marson, Anthony, Becker, Felicita, Stroink, Han, Zimprich, Fritz, Gasser, Thoma, Gibbs, Raphael, Heutink, Peter, Martinez, Maria, Morris, Huw R., Sharma, Manu, Ryten, Mina, Mok, Kin Y., Pulit, Sara, Bevan, Steve, Holliday, Elizabeth, Attia, John, Battey, Thoma, Boncoraglio, Giorgio, Thijs, Vincent, Chen, Wei-Min, Mitchell, Braxton, Rothwell, Peter, Sharma, Pankaj, Sudlow, Cathie, Vicente, Astrid, Markus, Hugh, Kourkoulis, Christina, Pera, Joana, Raffeld, Miriam, Silliman, Scott, Perica, Vesna Boraska, Thornton, Laura M., Huckins, Laura M., William Rayner, N., Lewis, Cathryn M., Gratacos, Monica, Rybakowski, Filip, Keski-Rahkonen, Anna, Raevuori, Anu, Hudson, James I., Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted, Monteleone, Palmiero, Karwautz, Andrea, Mannik, Katrin, Baker, Jessica H., O'Toole, Julie K., Trace, Sara E., Davis, Oliver S. P., Helder, Sietske G., Ehrlich, Stefan, Herpertz-Dahlmann, Beate, Danner, Unna N., Van Elburg, Annemarie A., Clementi, Maurizio, Forzan, Monica, Docampo, Elisa, Lissowska, Jolanta, Hauser, Joanna, Tortorella, Alfonso, Maj, Mario, Gonidakis, Fragisko, Tziouvas, Konstantino, Papezova, Hana, Yilmaz, Zeynep, Wagner, Gudrun, Cohen-Woods, Sarah, Herms, Stefan, Julia, Antonio, Rabionet, Raquel, Dick, Danielle M., Ripatti, Samuli, Andreassen, Ole A., Espeseth, Thoma, Lundervold, Astri J., Steen, Vidar M., Pinto, Dalila, Scherer, Stephen W., Aschauer, Harald, Schosser, Alexandra, Alfredsson, Lar, Padyukov, Leonid, Halmi, Katherine A., Mitchell, Jame, Strober, Michael, Bergen, Andrew W., Kaye, Walter, Szatkiewicz, Jin Peng, Cormand, Bru, Ramos-Quiroga, Josep Antoni, Sánchez-Mora, Cristina, Ribasés, Marta, Casas, Miguel, Hervas, Amaia, Arranz, Maria Jesú, Haavik, Jan, Zayats, Tetyana, Johansson, Stefan, Williams, Nigel, Dempfle, Astrid, Rothenberger, Aribert, Kuntsi, Jonna, Oades, Robert D., Banaschewski, Tobia, Franke, Barbara, Buitelaar, Jan K., Vasquez, Alejandro Aria, Doyle, Alysa E., Reif, Andrea, Lesch, Klaus-Peter, Freitag, Christine, Rivero, Olga, Palmason, Haukur, Romanos, Marcel, Langley, Kate, Rietschel, Marcella, Witt, Stephanie H., Dalsgaard, Soeren, Børglum, Anders D., Waldman, Irwin, Wilmot, Beth, Molly, Nikola, Bau, Claiton H.D., Crosbie, Jennifer, Schachar, Russell, Loo, Sandra K., McGough, James J., Grevet, Eugenio H., Medland, Sarah E., Robinson, Elise, Weiss, Lauren A., Bacchelli, Elena, Bailey, Anthony, Bal, Vanessa, Battaglia, Agatino, Betancur, Catalina, Bolton, Patrick, Cantor, Rita, Celestino-Soper, Patrícia, Dawson, Geraldine, De Rubeis, Silvia, Duque, Frederico, Green, Andrew, Klauck, Sabine M., Leboyer, Marion, Levitt, Pat, Maestrini, Elena, Mane, Shrikant, Moreno-De-Luca, Daniel, Parr, Jeremy, Regan, Regina, Reichenberg, Abraham, Sandin, Sven, Vorstman, Jacob, Wassink, Thoma, Wijsman, Ellen, Cook, Edwin, Santangelo, Susan, Delorme, Richard, Roge, Bernadette, Magalhaes, Tiago, Arking, Dan, Schulze, Thomas G., Thompson, Robert C., Strohmaier, Jana, Matthews, Keith, Melle, Ingrid, Morris, Derek, Blackwood, Dougla, McIntosh, Andrew, Bergen, Sarah E., Schalling, Martin, Jamain, Stéphane, Maaser, Anna, Fischer, Sascha B., Reinbold, Céline S., Fullerton, Janice M., Guzman-Parra, José, Mayoral, Fermin, Schofield, Peter R., Cichon, Sven, Mühleisen, Thomas W., Degenhardt, Franziska, Schumacher, Johanne, Bauer, Michael, Mitchell, Philip B., Gershon, Elliot S., Rice, John, Potash, James B., Zandi, Peter P., Craddock, Nick, Nicol Ferrier, I., Alda, Martin, Rouleau, Guy A., Turecki, Gustavo, Ophoff, Roel, Pato, Carlo, Anjorin, Adebayo, Stahl, Eli, Leber, Marku, Czerski, Piotr M., Cruceanu, Cristiana, Jones, Ian R., Posthuma, Danielle, Andlauer, Till F.M., Forstner, Andreas J., Streit, Fabian, Baune, Bernhard T., Air, Tracy, Sinnamon, Grant, Wray, Naomi R., MacIntyre, Donald J., Porteous, David, Homuth, Georg, Rivera, Margarita, Grove, Jakob, Middeldorp, Christel M., Hickie, Ian, Pergadia, Michele, Mehta, Divya, Smit, Johannes H., Jansen, Rick, De Geus, Eco, Dunn, Erin, Li, Qingqin S., Nauck, Matthia, Schoevers, Robert A., Beekman, Aartjan TF, Knowles, James A., Viktorin, Alexander, Arnold, Paul, Barr, Cathy L., Bedoya-Berrio, Gabriel, Joseph Bienvenu, O., Brentani, Helena, Burton, Christie, Camarena, Beatriz, Cappi, Carolina, Cath, Danielle, Cavallini, Maria, Cusi, Daniele, Darrow, Sabrina, Denys, Damiaan, Derks, Eske M., Dietrich, Andrea, Fernandez, Thoma, Figee, Martijn, Freimer, Nelson, Gerber, Gloria, Grados, Marco, Greenberg, Erica, Hanna, Gregory L., Hartmann, Andrea, Hirschtritt, Matthew E., Hoekstra, Pieter J., Huang, Alden, Huyser, Chaim, Illmann, Cornelia, Jenike, Michael, Kuperman, Samuel, Leventhal, Bennett, Lochner, Christine, Lyon, Gholson J., Macciardi, Fabio, Madruga-Garrido, Marco, Malaty, Irene A., Maras, Athanasio, McGrath, Lauren, Miguel, Eurípedes C., Mir, Pablo, Nestadt, Gerald, Nicolini, Humberto, Okun, Michael S., Pakstis, Andrew, Paschou, Peristera, Piacentini, John, Pittenger, Christopher, Plessen, Kerstin, Ramensky, Vasily, Ramos, Eliana M., Reus, Victor, Richter, Margaret A., Riddle, Mark A., Robertson, Mary M., Roessner, Veit, Rosário, Maria, Samuels, Jack F., Sandor, Paul, Stein, Dan J., Tsetsos, Foti, Van Nieuwerburgh, Filip, Weatherall, Sarah, Wendland, Jens R., Wolanczyk, Tomasz, Worbe, Yulia, Zai, Gwyneth, Goes, Fernando S., McLaughlin, Nicole, Nestadt, Paul S., Grabe, Hans-Jorgen, Depienne, Christel, Konkashbaev, Anuar, Lanzagorta, Nuria, Valencia-Duarte, Ana, Bramon, Elvira, Buccola, Nancy, Cahn, Wiepke, Cairns, Murray, Chong, Siow A., Cohen, David, Crespo-Facorro, Benedicto, Crowley, Jame, Davidson, Michael, DeLisi, Lynn, Dinan, Timothy, Donohoe, Gary, Drapeau, Elodie, Duan, Jubao, Haan, Lieuwe, Hougaard, David, Karachanak-Yankova, Sena, Khrunin, Andrey, Klovins, Jani, Kučinskas, Vaiduti, Keong, Jimmy Lee Chee, Limborska, Svetlana, Loughland, Carmel, Lönnqvist, Jouko, Maher, Brion, Mattheisen, Manuel, McDonald, Colm, Murphy, Kieran C., Nenadic, Igor, Van Os, Jim, Pantelis, Christo, Pato, Michele, Petryshen, Tracey, Quested, Digby, Roussos, Pano, Sanders, Alan R., Schall, Ulrich, Schwab, Sibylle G., Sim, Kang, So, Hon-Cheong, Stögmann, Elisabeth, Subramaniam, Mythily, Toncheva, Draga, Waddington, John, Walters, Jame, Weiser, Mark, Cheng, Wei, Cloninger, Robert, Curtis, David, Gejman, Pablo V., Henskens, Fran, Mattingsdal, Morten, Oh, Sang-Yun, Scott, Rodney, Webb, Bradley, Breen, Gerome, Churchhouse, Claire, Bulik, Cynthia M., Daly, Mark, Dichgans, Martin, Faraone, Stephen V., Guerreiro, Rita, Holmans, Peter, Kendler, Kenneth S., Koeleman, Bobby, Mathews, Carol A., Price, Alke, Scharf, Jeremiah, Sklar, Pamela, Williams, Julie, Wood, Nicholas W., Cotsapas, Chri, Palotie, Aarno, Smoller, Jordan W., Sullivan, Patrick, Rosand, Jonathan, Corvin, Aiden, Neale, Benjamin M., Epidemiology, Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Anttila, V, Bulik-Sullivan, B, Finucane, H, Walters, R, Bras, J, Duncan, L, Escott-Price, V, Falcone, G, Gormley, P, Malik, R, Patsopoulos, N, Ripke, S, Wei, Z, Yu, D, Lee, P, Turley, P, Grenier-Boley, B, Chouraki, V, Kamatani, Y, Berr, C, Letenneur, L, Hannequin, D, Amouyel, P, Boland, A, Deleuze, J, Duron, E, Vardarajan, B, Reitz, C, Goate, A, Huentelman, M, Ilyas Kamboh, M, Larson, E, Rogaeva, E, George-Hyslop, P, Hakonarson, H, Kukull, W, Farrer, L, Barnes, L, Beach, T, Yesim Demirci, F, Head, E, Hulette, C, Jicha, G, Kauwe, J, Kaye, J, Leverenz, J, Levey, A, Lieberman, A, Pankratz, V, Poon, W, Quinn, J, Saykin, A, Schneider, L, Smith, A, Sonnen, J, Stern, R, Van Deerlin, V, Van Eldik, L, Harold, D, Russo, G, Rubinsztein, D, Bayer, A, Tsolaki, M, Proitsi, P, Fox, N, Hampel, H, Owen, M, Mead, S, Passmore, P, Morgan, K, Nöthen, M, Rossor, M, Lupton, M, Hoffmann, P, Kornhuber, J, Lawlor, B, Mcquillin, A, Al-Chalabi, A, Bis, J, Ruiz, A, Boada, M, Seshadri, S, Beiser, A, Rice, K, Van Der Lee, S, De Jager, P, Geschwind, D, Riemenschneider, M, Riedel-Heller, S, Rotter, J, Ransmayr, G, Hyman, B, Cruchaga, C, Alegret, M, Winsvold, B, Palta, P, Farh, K, Cuenca-Leon, E, Furlotte, N, Kurth, T, Ligthart, L, Terwindt, G, Freilinger, T, Ran, C, Gordon, S, Borck, G, Adams, H, Lehtimäki, T, Wedenoja, J, Buring, J, Schürks, M, Hrafnsdottir, M, Hottenga, J, Penninx, B, Artto, V, Kaunisto, M, Vepsäläinen, S, Martin, N, Montgomery, G, Kurki, M, Hämäläinen, E, Huang, H, Huang, J, Sandor, C, Webber, C, Muller-Myhsok, B, Schreiber, S, Salomaa, V, Loehrer, E, Göbel, H, Macaya, A, Pozo-Rosich, P, Hansen, T, Werge, T, Kaprio, J, Metspalu, A, Kubisch, C, Ferrari, M, Belin, A, Van Den Maagdenberg, A, Zwart, J, Boomsma, D, Eriksson, N, Olesen, J, Chasman, D, Nyholt, D, Avbersek, A, Baum, L, Berkovic, S, Bradfield, J, Buono, R, Catarino, C, Cossette, P, De Jonghe, P, Depondt, C, Dlugos, D, Ferraro, T, French, J, Hjalgrim, H, Jamnadas-Khoda, J, Kälviäinen, R, Kunz, W, Lerche, H, Leu, C, Lindhout, D, Lo, W, Lowenstein, D, Mccormack, M, Møller, R, Molloy, A, Ng, P, Oliver, K, Privitera, M, Radtke, R, Ruppert, A, Sander, T, Schachter, S, Schankin, C, Scheffer, I, Schoch, S, Sisodiya, S, Smith, P, Sperling, M, Striano, P, Surges, R, Neil Thomas, G, Visscher, F, Whelan, C, Zara, F, Heinzen, E, Marson, A, Becker, F, Stroink, H, Zimprich, F, Gasser, T, Gibbs, R, Heutink, P, Martinez, M, Morris, H, Sharma, M, Ryten, M, Mok, K, Pulit, S, Bevan, S, Holliday, E, Attia, J, Battey, T, Boncoraglio, G, Thijs, V, Chen, W, Mitchell, B, Rothwell, P, Sharma, P, Sudlow, C, Vicente, A, Markus, H, Kourkoulis, C, Pera, J, Raffeld, M, Silliman, S, Perica, V, Thornton, L, Huckins, L, William Rayner, N, Lewis, C, Gratacos, M, Rybakowski, F, Keski-Rahkonen, A, Raevuori, A, Hudson, J, Reichborn-Kjennerud, T, Monteleone, P, Karwautz, A, Mannik, K, Baker, J, O'Toole, J, Trace, S, Davis, O, Helder, S, Ehrlich, S, Herpertz-Dahlmann, B, Danner, U, Van Elburg, A, Clementi, M, Forzan, M, Docampo, E, Lissowska, J, Hauser, J, Tortorella, A, Maj, M, Gonidakis, F, Tziouvas, K, Papezova, H, Yilmaz, Z, Wagner, G, Cohen-Woods, S, Herms, S, Julia, A, Rabionet, R, Dick, D, Ripatti, S, Andreassen, O, Espeseth, T, Lundervold, A, Steen, V, Pinto, D, Scherer, S, Aschauer, H, Schosser, A, Alfredsson, L, Padyukov, L, Halmi, K, Mitchell, J, Strober, M, Bergen, A, Kaye, W, Szatkiewicz, J, Cormand, B, Ramos-Quiroga, J, Sánchez-Mora, C, Ribasés, M, Casas, M, Hervas, A, Arranz, M, Haavik, J, Zayats, T, Johansson, S, Williams, N, Dempfle, A, Rothenberger, A, Kuntsi, J, Oades, R, Banaschewski, T, Franke, B, Buitelaar, J, Vasquez, A, Doyle, A, Reif, A, Lesch, K, Freitag, C, Rivero, O, Palmason, H, Romanos, M, Langley, K, Rietschel, M, Witt, S, Dalsgaard, S, Børglum, A, Waldman, I, Wilmot, B, Molly, N, Bau, C, Crosbie, J, Schachar, R, Loo, S, Mcgough, J, Grevet, E, Medland, S, Robinson, E, Weiss, L, Bacchelli, E, Bailey, A, Bal, V, Battaglia, A, Betancur, C, Bolton, P, Cantor, R, Celestino-Soper, P, Dawson, G, De Rubeis, S, Duque, F, Green, A, Klauck, S, Leboyer, M, Levitt, P, Maestrini, E, Mane, S, Moreno-De-Luca, D, Parr, J, Regan, R, Reichenberg, A, Sandin, S, Vorstman, J, Wassink, T, Wijsman, E, Cook, E, Santangelo, S, Delorme, R, Roge, B, Magalhaes, T, Arking, D, Schulze, T, Thompson, R, Strohmaier, J, Matthews, K, Melle, I, Morris, D, Blackwood, D, Mcintosh, A, Bergen, S, Schalling, M, Jamain, S, Maaser, A, Fischer, S, Reinbold, C, Fullerton, J, Guzman-Parra, J, Mayoral, F, Schofield, P, Cichon, S, Mühleisen, T, Degenhardt, F, Schumacher, J, Bauer, M, Mitchell, P, Gershon, E, Rice, J, Potash, J, Zandi, P, Craddock, N, Nicol Ferrier, I, Alda, M, Rouleau, G, Turecki, G, Ophoff, R, Pato, C, Anjorin, A, Stahl, E, Leber, M, Czerski, P, Cruceanu, C, Jones, I, Posthuma, D, Andlauer, T, Forstner, A, Streit, F, Baune, B, Air, T, Sinnamon, G, Wray, N, Macintyre, D, Porteous, D, Homuth, G, Rivera, M, Grove, J, Middeldorp, C, Hickie, I, Pergadia, M, Mehta, D, Smit, J, Jansen, R, De Geus, E, Dunn, E, Li, Q, Nauck, M, Schoevers, R, Beekman, A, Knowles, J, Viktorin, A, Arnold, P, Barr, C, Bedoya-Berrio, G, Joseph Bienvenu, O, Brentani, H, Burton, C, Camarena, B, Cappi, C, Cath, D, Cavallini, M, Cusi, D, Darrow, S, Denys, D, Derks, E, Dietrich, A, Fernandez, T, Figee, M, Freimer, N, Gerber, G, Grados, M, Greenberg, E, Hanna, G, Hartmann, A, Hirschtritt, M, Hoekstra, P, Huang, A, Huyser, C, Illmann, C, Jenike, M, Kuperman, S, Leventhal, B, Lochner, C, Lyon, G, Macciardi, F, Madruga-Garrido, M, Malaty, I, Maras, A, Mcgrath, L, Miguel, E, Mir, P, Nestadt, G, Nicolini, H, Okun, M, Pakstis, A, Paschou, P, Piacentini, J, Pittenger, C, Plessen, K, Ramensky, V, Ramos, E, Reus, V, Richter, M, Riddle, M, Robertson, M, Roessner, V, Rosário, M, Samuels, J, Sandor, P, Stein, D, Tsetsos, F, Van Nieuwerburgh, F, Weatherall, S, Wendland, J, Wolanczyk, T, Worbe, Y, Zai, G, Goes, F, Mclaughlin, N, Nestadt, P, Grabe, H, Depienne, C, Konkashbaev, A, Lanzagorta, N, Valencia-Duarte, A, Bramon, E, Buccola, N, Cahn, W, Cairns, M, Chong, S, Cohen, D, Crespo-Facorro, B, Crowley, J, Davidson, M, Delisi, L, Dinan, T, Donohoe, G, Drapeau, E, Duan, J, Haan, L, Hougaard, D, Karachanak-Yankova, S, Khrunin, A, Klovins, J, Kučinskas, V, Keong, J, Limborska, S, Loughland, C, Lönnqvist, J, Maher, B, Mattheisen, M, Mcdonald, C, Murphy, K, Nenadic, I, Van Os, J, Pantelis, C, Pato, M, Petryshen, T, Quested, D, Roussos, P, Sanders, A, Schall, U, Schwab, S, Sim, K, So, H, Stögmann, E, Subramaniam, M, Toncheva, D, Waddington, J, Walters, J, Weiser, M, Cheng, W, Cloninger, R, Curtis, D, Gejman, P, Henskens, F, Mattingsdal, M, Oh, S, Scott, R, Webb, B, Breen, G, Churchhouse, C, Bulik, C, Daly, M, Dichgans, M, Faraone, S, Guerreiro, R, Holmans, P, Kendler, K, Koeleman, B, Mathews, C, Price, A, Scharf, J, Sklar, P, Williams, J, Wood, N, Cotsapas, C, Palotie, A, Smoller, J, Sullivan, P, Rosand, J, Corvin, A, Neale, B, Kauwe, John S. K., Mcquillin, Andrew, Adams, Hieab H. H., Mccormack, Mark, Bau, Claiton H. D., Mcgough, James J., Mcintosh, Andrew, Andlauer, Till F. M., Macintyre, Donald J., Mcgrath, Lauren, Mclaughlin, Nicole, Delisi, Lynn, Mcdonald, Colm, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Facteurs de Risque et Déterminants Moléculaires des Maladies liées au Vieillissement (Inserm U1167 - RID-AGE - Institut Pasteur), RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Science, Neuropsychiatrie : recherche épidémiologique et clinique, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of South Florida (USF), University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH)-Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Alzheimer Precision Medicine GRC n°21 (APM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], Cardiff University-Medical Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Johannes Kepler University Linz [linz] (JKU), Washington University in St Louis, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona [Barcelona] (UAB), Hôpital Erasme (Bruxelles), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Technische Universität Dresden (TUD), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens = University of Athens (NKUA | UoA), Charles University [Prague], Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bergen (UIB), University Medicine Goettingen, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, UNSW Medicine [Sydney], McGill University, Universidad de Antioquia, University of Florida [Gainesville], Universiteit Gent [Ghent], Service Psychiatrie de l'Enfant et de l'Adolescent [CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], University of Wollongong, Alzheimer Precision Medicine [CHU Pitié-Salpétriêre] (GRC 21 APM), Anttila, Verneri [0000-0002-0073-4675], Finucane, Hilary K [0000-0003-3864-9828], Walters, Raymond K [0000-0001-8422-6530], Duncan, Laramie [0000-0003-1131-661X], Escott-Price, Valentina [0000-0003-1784-5483], Falcone, Guido J [0000-0002-6407-0302], Gormley, Padhraig [0000-0002-8908-6968], Malik, Rainer [0000-0001-9212-2520], Ripke, Stephan [0000-0003-3622-835X], Wei, Zhi [0000-0001-6059-4267], Yu, Dongmei [0000-0001-7901-4365], Lee, Phil H [0000-0003-1770-3100], Breen, Gerome [0000-0003-2053-1792], Bulik, Cynthia M [0000-0001-7772-3264], Daly, Mark [0000-0002-0949-8752], Dichgans, Martin [0000-0002-0654-387X], Faraone, Stephen V [0000-0002-9217-3982], Holmans, Peter [0000-0003-0870-9412], Koeleman, Bobby [0000-0001-7749-182X], Mathews, Carol A [0000-0003-2208-7058], Sklar, Pamela [0000-0001-9715-4943], Williams, Julie [0000-0002-4069-0259], Wood, Nicholas W [0000-0002-9500-3348], Cotsapas, Chris [0000-0002-7772-5910], Smoller, Jordan W [0000-0002-0381-6334], Sullivan, Patrick [0000-0002-6619-873X], Rosand, Jonathan [0000-0002-1014-9138], Corvin, Aiden [0000-0001-6717-4089], Neale, Benjamin M [0000-0003-1513-6077], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Etiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Brain Diseases, body-mass index, genetics [Mental Disorders], Disorders of the Brain, Risks factors, classification [Mental Disorders], MESH: Quantitative Trait, Heritable, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Genetic Variation, alzheimers-disease, 610 Medicine & health, bipolar disorder, Brain Diseases, deficit hyperactivity disorder, Multidisciplinary, Mental Disorders, genetics [Brain Diseases], Brain Disease, Brain, Genetic Variation, Genome-Wide Association Study, Humans, Phenotype, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Psychiatric Disorders, anorexia-nervosa, Mental Disorder, Psychiatric Genomics, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], long-term survival, Engineering sciences. Technology, Human, General Science & Technology, population-based twin, diagnosis [Mental Disorders], MESH: Phenotype, Neurological Disorders, Quantitative Trait, MD Multidisciplinary, MESH: Mental Disorders, diagnosis [Brain Diseases], Heritable, genetic correlations, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Humans, major depressive disorder, Risk Factor, Brain Diseases/classification, Brain Diseases/diagnosis, Brain Diseases/genetics, Mental Disorders/classification, Mental Disorders/diagnosis, Mental Disorders/genetics, classification [Brain Diseases], Perturbações do Desenvolvimento Infantil e Saúde Mental, ddc:320, MESH: Genome-Wide Association Study, genome-wide association, Brainstorm Consortium, Genetic Factors, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities’ assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important “scaffolding” to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders.

Published
2018
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47. Retrospective natural history of thymidine kinase 2 deficiency

Author

Miguel A. Martín, Andrés Nascimento, D. Ram, Julio Montoya, Marcos Madruga-Garrido, Christoph Karch, Sandeep Jayawant, M Imelda Hughes, Patrick F. Chinnery, Maria Alice Donati, Joshua Kriger, Emanuele Barca, Yolanda Cámara, Michio Hirano, Robert W. Taylor, Robert Schoenaker, Pirjo Isohanni, Carlos Ortez, John L.P. Thompson, Carlos Lopez Gomez, Mariana Loos, Carl Fratter, Salvatore DiMauro, Karin Kleinsteuber, J. Domínguez-Carral, Monika Hofer, Anu Suomalainen, Jeffrey W. Ralph, Ewen W. Sommerville, Bruce Levin, Caterina Garone, Cristina Domínguez-González, Grainne S. Gorman, Robert McFarland, Julie Evans, Sonia Emperador, Yuelin Long, Adnan Y. Manzur, Shamima Rahman, Neil D Thomas, Joanna Poulton, Timothy Kerr, Anupam Chakrapani, Garone C., Taylor R.W., Nascimento A., Poulton J., Fratter C., Dominguez-Gonzalez C., Evans J.C., Loos M., Isohanni P., Suomalainen A., Ram D., Imelda Hughes M., McFarland R., Barca E., Gomez C.L., Jayawant S., Thomas N.D., Manzur A.Y., Kleinsteuber K., Martin M.A., Kerr T., Gorman G.S., Sommerville E.W., Chinnery P.F., Hofer M., Karch C., Ralph J., Camara Y., Madruga-Garrido M., Dominguez-Carral J., Ortez C., Emperador S., Montoya J., Chakrapani A., Kriger J.F., Schoenaker R., Levin B., Thompson J.L.P., Long Y., Rahman S., Donati M.A., Dimauro S., Hirano M., Doctoral Programme in Clinical Research, Research Programs Unit, Anu Wartiovaara / Principal Investigator, Research Programme for Molecular Neurology, Children's Hospital, Clinicum, Lastenneurologian yksikkö, University of Helsinki, Doctoral Programme Brain & Mind, Neurologian yksikkö, Neuroscience Center, HUS Children and Adolescents, Lopez Gomez, Carlos [0000-0003-2699-451X], Martin, Miguel A [0000-0003-4741-772X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, metabolic disorder, Male, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, Medicine, Age of Onset, Child, Genetics (clinical), SPINAL MUSCULAR-ATROPHY, MYOPATHIC FORM, Facial weakness, metabolic disorders, MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA DEPLETION, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Phenotypes, Phenotype, MTDNA DEPLETION, muscle disease, Child, Preschool, Female, Survival Analysi, medicine.symptom, clinical genetics, TK2 GENE, Natural history study, Human, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Weakness, Neuromuscular disease, Adolescent, Genes, Recessive, Genetic Association Studie, PATIENT, Thymidine Kinase, Ophthalmoparesis, Mitochondrial Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Muscular Diseases, neuromuscular disease, Internal medicine, Genetics, Humans, Mitochondrial Protein, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Genetic Testing, Myopathy, Muscle, Skeletal, Genetic Association Studies, Retrospective Studies, Aged, SPECTRUM, MUTATIONS, business.industry, Muscular Disease, clinical genetic, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Spinal muscular atrophy, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, DELETIONS, 030104 developmental biology, DEFECT, Mutation, 3111 Biomedicine, Age of onset, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

BackgroundThymine kinase 2 (TK2) is a mitochondrial matrix protein encoded in nuclear DNA and phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides: thymidine and deoxycytidine. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause a spectrum of disease from infantile onset to adult onset manifesting primarily as myopathy.ObjectiveTo perform a retrospective natural history study of a large cohort of patients with TK2 deficiency.MethodsThe study was conducted by 42 investigators across 31 academic medical centres.ResultsWe identified 92 patients with genetically confirmed diagnoses of TK2 deficiency: 67 from literature review and 25 unreported cases. Based on clinical and molecular genetics findings, we recognised three phenotypes with divergent survival: (1) infantile-onset myopathy (42.4%) with severe mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) depletion, frequent neurological involvement and rapid progression to early mortality (median post-onset survival (POS) 1.00, CI 0.58 to 2.33 years); (2) childhood-onset myopathy (40.2%) with mtDNA depletion, moderate-to-severe progression of generalised weakness and median POS at least 13 years; and (3) late-onset myopathy (17.4%) with mild limb weakness at onset and slow progression to respiratory insufficiency with median POS of 23 years. Ophthalmoparesis and facial weakness are frequent in adults. Muscle biopsies show multiple mtDNA deletions often with mtDNA depletion.ConclusionsIn TK2 deficiency, age at onset, rate of weakness progression and POS are important variables that define three clinical subtypes. Nervous system involvement often complicates the clinical course of the infantile-onset form while extraocular muscle and facial involvement are characteristic of the late-onset form. Our observations provide essential information for planning future clinical trials in this disorder.

Published
2018

48. Inusual complicación en la edad pediátrica: encefalopatía de Wernicke asociada a nutrición parenteral deficiente en tiamina

Author

A. Hurtado Mingo, M. Madruga Garrido, Ignacio Obando, Olaf Neth, [Hurtado Mingo, A.] Inst Hispalense Pediat SL, Seville, Spain, [Hurtado Mingo, A.] Hosp Infantil Virgen Rocio, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas & Inmunopatol, Seville, Spain, [Neth, O.] Hosp Infantil Virgen Rocio, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas & Inmunopatol, Seville, Spain, [Obando, I.] Hosp Infantil Virgen Rocio, Unidad Enfermedades Infecciosas & Inmunopatol, Seville, Spain, and [Madruga Garrido, M.] Hosp Infantil Virgen Rocio, Unidad Neuropediat, Seville, Spain

Subjects
Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Parenteral Nutrition, Wernicke Encephalopathy, business.industry, Infant, Thiamine Deficiency, Vitamins, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Lactic-acidosis, Metabolic-acidosis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Materials Chemistry, medicine, Humans, Thiamine, Acidosis, Lactic, Complication, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Paediatric patients
Published
2016

49. HMGCS1 variants cause rigid spine syndrome amenable to mevalonic acid treatment in an animal model.

Author

Dofash LNH, Miles LB, Saito Y, Rivas E, Calcinotto V, Oveissi S, Serrano RJ, Templin R, Ramm G, Rodger A, Haywood J, Ingley E, Clayton JS, Taylor RL, Folland CL, Groth D, Hock DH, Stroud DA, Gorokhova S, Donkervoort S, Bönnemann CG, Sud M, VanNoy GE, Mangilog BE, Pais L, O'Donnell-Luria A, Madruga-Garrido M, Scala M, Fiorillo C, Baratto S, Traverso M, Malfatti E, Bruno C, Zara F, Paradas C, Ogata K, Nishino I, Laing NG, Bryson-Richardson RJ, Cabrera-Serrano M, and Ravenscroft G

Abstract

Rigid spine syndrome is a rare childhood-onset myopathy characterised by slowly progressive or non-progressive scoliosis, neck and spine contractures, hypotonia, and respiratory insufficiency. Biallelic variants in SELENON account for most cases of rigid spine syndrome, however, the underlying genetic cause in some patients remains unexplained. We used exome and genome sequencing to investigate the genetic basis of rigid spine syndrome in patients without a genetic diagnosis. In five patients from four unrelated families, we identified biallelic variants in HMGCS1 (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase). These included six missense variants and one frameshift variant distributed throughout HMGCS1. All patients presented with spinal rigidity primarily affecting the cervical and dorsolumbar regions, scoliosis, and respiratory insufficiency. Creatine kinase levels were variably elevated. The clinical course worsened with intercurrent disease or certain drugs in some patients; one patient died from respiratory failure following infection. Muscle biopsies revealed irregularities in oxidative enzyme staining with occasional internal nuclei and rimmed vacuoles. HMGCS1 encodes a critical enzyme of the mevalonate pathway and has not yet been associated with disease. Notably, biallelic hypomorphic variants in downstream enzymes including HMGCR and GGPS1 are associated with muscular dystrophy resembling our cohort's presentation. Analyses of recombinant human HMGCS1 protein and four variants (p.S447P, p.Q29L, p.M70T, p.C268S) showed that all mutants maintained their dimerization state. Three of the four mutants exhibited reduced thermal stability, and two mutants showed subtle changes in enzymatic activity compared to the wildtype. Hmgcs1 mutant zebrafish displayed severe early defects, including immobility at 2 days and death by day 3 post-fertilisation and were rescued by HMGCS1 mRNA. We demonstrate that the four variants tested (S447P, Q29L M70T, and C268S) have reduced function compared to wildtype HMGCS1 in zebrafish rescue assays. Additionally, we demonstrate the potential for mevalonic acid supplementation to reduce phenotypic severity in mutant zebrafish. Overall, our analyses suggest that these missense variants in HMGCS1 act through a hypomorphic mechanism. Here, we report an additional component of the mevalonate pathway associated with disease and suggest biallelic variants in HMGCS1 should be considered in patients presenting with an unresolved rigid spine myopathy phenotype. Additionally, we highlight mevalonoic acid supplementation as a potential treatment for patients with HMGCS1-related disease., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Guarantors of Brain. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2024
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