3 results on '"Madrigal Calle, Beatriz Elena"'
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2. Pervivencia de lo sagrado en el control del acceso, uso y manejo del monte-agua en la montaña texcocana
- Author
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Madrigal Calle, Beatriz Elena
- Subjects
Naturaleza ,Lugares sagrados ,Conservación ,Ritualidad ,Conservation ,Doctorado ,Altruism ,Desarrollo Rural ,Sacred places ,Nature ,Altruismo ,Rituality - Abstract
Este Trabajo buscó entender cómo la noción de lo sagrado controla el acceso, uso y manejo del monte-agua en las comunidades de Santa Catarina del Monte y Tequexquinahuac del municipio de Texcoco, Edo. de México. Durante 2011-2013, se hizo observación participante en las comunidades y entrevistas a los y las encargados(as) del agua, mayordomía, autoridades civiles, religiosas, jóvenes, ancianos, integrantes del Consejo Indígena Náhuatl de Texcoco, en Santa Catarina del Monte y, en Tequexquinahuac a especialistas rituales para describir las prácticas rituales relacionadas con la gestión del agua, los lugares sagrados, entender la religiosidad en los demás eventos de las comunidades, la opinión de los diversos grupos participantes y su mundo sagrado. Esto se hizo, buscando la pervivencia de prácticas de origen nahuatl prehispánicas y comparándolas con las fuentes de cronistas tempranos. El enfoque cualitativo, apoyado en diversas disciplinas como la etnoecología, ecología, etnografía, historia, geografía, psicología y filosofía de la ciencia, se fundamentó en la construcción social de la realidad bajo la lente de las cosmovisiones. Se encontró que desde la época prehispánica existía un esquema de conservación del monte-agua, como símbolo de la naturaleza, a través de deidades (aquí “esencias”) de regulación ecológica como son Tláloc, Chalchiuhtlicue y los Tlaloque que en la actualidad perviven en las comunidades estudiadas pero reelaboradas simbólicamente, en donde el esquema se conserva más en relación al agua que al monte, ya que a ésta la respalda una organización social, asociada a las festividades, la ritualidad y la supervivencia. En Santa Catarina del Monte Chalchiuhtlicue fue reelaborada en la Santa Patrona y pervive a través de la fiesta del agua (Apantla:limpieza ritual de los canales de riego). Allí Tláloc tiende a ser reemplazado por Dios (católico), a quien se le piden las lluvias en misas. Los tlaloque, allí denominados tiochis, ahuaque o duendes aún protegen los manantiales y están además asociados al agua de lluvia. En Tequexquinahuac, Jesús (Santo Patrón) tiende a reemplazar a Tláloc en los rituales de pedimento de lluvias; a los que también se vincula a la Virgen de Guadalupe; y se hacen misas a San Isidro Labrador. Los manantiales y el agua de lluvia están a cargo de los chanates, “elementales”, “muchachos”, “niños” o duendes y se les ofrenda en estos rituales pues se consideran los guardianes del agua y del monte, entidades que los protegen y dan a cambio el recurso. En ambas comunidades, son lugares sagrados donde se encuentran estas entidades, en los que se tiende a conservar la naturaleza. Se discute y analiza cómo opera el control del acceso, uso y manejo del monte-agua, a través de lo sagrado y se encuentra que coexisten dos esquemas: uno es por el respeto temeroso a estas entidades y el otro a través del respeto amoroso a la naturaleza y sobrenaturaleza, el cual adjudica un valor intrínseco a todos los elementos de la naturaleza. El primer esquema encaja en el paradigma de la evolución por selección natural (la lucha por la existencia), la cual se logra por competencia, egoísmo y, la culpa, el sacrificio y el miedo son su consecuencia. En el segundo, es el paradigma de la evolución por la cooperación, donde la supervivencia depende más de la cooperación y la selección de grupos que de la competencia, y el altruismo, la certeza, el bien común, es la consecuencia. Entre uno y, otro está el altruismo-egocéntrico como sería el que se hace en beneficio de la especie. En el primer esquema, predomina la racionalidad económica que ha puesto en crisis civilizatoria al planeta, en el segundo se le dan derechos a la naturaleza en algunas constituciones, por lo que se perfila como un elemento importante a considerar en la educación ambiental y en las alternativas al desarrollo que se están construyendo como la del Buen Vivir unida a la Economía del Bien Común, la Economía del Cuidado aplicada a la naturaleza para su recuperación y restablecimiento y el ecofeminismo que ha detectado la explotación y opresión de la naturaleza, dado que desde la perspectiva de la sacralidad de la existencia, en este trabajo se considera que la naturaleza está siendo sometida en la actualidad a la más brutal esclavitud a la que los seres vivos observan en silencio. _______________ SURVIVAL OF SACREDNESS IN THE CONTROL OF ACCESS, USE AND MANAGEMENT OF MOUNT-WATER IN THE MONTAIN TEXCOCAN. ABSTRACT: This work aimed to understand how the notion of the sacred controls the access, use and management of the mountain-water in the communities of Santa Catarina del Monte and Tequexquinahuac, Texcoco, Edo. of Mexico. During 2011-2013, participant observation was made in the communities and interviews were held with water managers, mayordomia, civil authorities, religious, young, elders, members of the Consejo Indígena Nahuatl de Texcoco, in Santa Catarina del Monte and, in Tequexquinahuac to ritual specialists, to describe ritual practices related to water management, sacred places, and to understand religiosity in other community events, as well as the opinion of the diverse involved groups about their sacred world. It was looking for the survival of pre-Hispanic Nahuatl practices and comparing them with the sources of the earliest chroniclers. The qualitative approach, was supported various disciplines such as ethnoecology ecology, ethnography, history, geography, psychology and philosophy of science, and also it was based on the social construction of reality through the lens of worldviews. It was found that since prehispanic times existed an scheme of the conservation of mountain-water an it was a symbol of nature. Under this scheme, the deities (here " essences " ) actued in the ecological regulation. They were Tlaloc, Chalchiuhtlicue and the Tlaloque who survive until today in the worldviews of the communities studied but reworked symbolically. Actually, this schema is more conserved with the water than with the mountain, because the water is supported by a social organization, associated with the festivities, rituals and survival. In Santa Catarina del Monte, Chalchiuhtlicue was reworked in the patron saint and survives through the water festival (Apantla: ritual of cleaning irrigation canals). Tlaloc tends to be replaced by God (Catholic), and it is asked to him for rainfall in masses. The Tlaloque are called tiochis, ahuaque or goblins and they still protect the springs and are also associated with rainwater. In Tequexquinahuac, Jesus (Patron) tends to replace Tlaloc in the petition rituals of rainfall, and it is also linked the Virgin of Guadalupe in these. In the masses, it is celebrated San Isidro Labrador as the water deity. The chanates, "elementales" , "boys" , "children" or goblins are in charge of the spring and rainwater and are considered the guardians of water and mountains. They are offered up in the rituals and they give in return the water on the mountain resources. In both communities, there are sacred places where these entities inhabit and these places is where nature is conserved. It is also discussed and analyzed the control of acces, use and management of mountain-water operates through sacred. It was found that there were two schemes that coexist: One is for the awe of these entities and the other is through the loving respect to the nature and over-nature, allocating an intrinsic value at all the elements of nature. The first scheme fits with the paradigm of evolution for natural selection (struggle for existence), which is achieved by competition and selfishness, and guilt, sacrifice and fear are their consequence. The second is the paradigm of evolution for cooperation, where the survival depends more of the cooperation and selection of groups than of the competition, and it consequence is the altruism, the certainty and the common good. In between, it is the egocentric-altruism wich is made for the benefit of the same species. In the first scheme, the economic rationality predominate and has put in a civilizatory crisis the planet. The second one gives rights to nature wich are being settled in the some constitution. Therefore, it is an important emerging element to consider the environmental education and other alternatives to development are being built as The Good Life, the Economy of the Common Good and Care Economiy. The Care Econnomy is the usefull to apply to the recovery and restoration of nature. Also, the ecofeminism is part of the second scheme because it has detected the explotation and oppression of nature. Since the perspective of the sacredness of life, in this paper, it is considered that nature is being subjected to the most brutal slavery and that all the living beings are watching in silence.
- Published
- 2013
3. La Apantla: el agradecimiento para que no falte el agua.
- Author
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Madrigal Calle, Beatriz Elena, Alberti Manzanares, Pilar, and Martínez Corona, Beatriz
- Abstract
The Apantla Festival, celebrated in honor of water, is held in the town of Santa Catarina del Monte, Texcoco, State of Mexico. Among this population, of nahuatl origin, people translate the name as "the ditch is cleaned." According to oral tradition from pre-Hispanic times, Texcoco's inhabitants preserved this ancestral legacy from Netzahualcoyotl. The purpose of this paper is to show that this local method for valuing water among the members of this community has survived as part of a control system for the resource from the sacred practices, and has become an example for environmental education. A record was made of ethnographic testimonies from interviews with different local actors regarding the form in which the celebration of the Festival was carried out in both the past and the present. Early chroniclers were also consulted. It also discusses how this notion of the sacred practices applied in the control of this mountain-water resource is operated. We conclude that this ritual practice has contributed to the development of awareness, not only of the importance of this vital liquid, but also of its sacredness, embedded in tradition, identity, ritual and everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
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