Search

Your search keyword '"Madi, D"' showing total 119 results
Start Over Author "Madi, D"
119 results on '"Madi, D"'

2. Hydrogen Diffusion Study via Phosphorus Deactivation in n-Type Silicon

Author

Ouldamer, R., Madi, D., Belfennache, D., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Gomide, Fernando, Advisory Editor, Kaynak, Okyay, Advisory Editor, Liu, Derong, Advisory Editor, Pedrycz, Witold, Advisory Editor, Polycarpou, Marios M., Advisory Editor, Rudas, Imre J., Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Hatti, Mustapha, editor

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Profile of Secondary Bacterial and Fungal Infections in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients in a Tertiary Care Centre

Author

Bhat K A, Madi D, Bhat S, Mary T, Shenoy Mulki S, and Kotian H

Subjects
covid-19, sars cov 2, secondary infections, klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Archana Bhat K,1 Deepak Madi,2 Sevitha Bhat,1 Therese Mary,3 Shalini Shenoy Mulki,1 Himani Kotian4 1Department of Microbiology, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 2Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 3Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India; 4Department of Community Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, IndiaCorrespondence: Sevitha Bhat, Department of Microbiology Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India, Tel +91 9449831631, Email sevitha.bhat@manipal.eduIntroduction: SARS CoV-2, a novel corona virus, has emerged in December 2019. The COVID-19 associated mortality is documented in elderly with co morbidities. To have better insight on this issue, the secondary bacterial infections with multi-drug-resistant bacteria in COVID-19 patients need to be studied to evaluate the impact of these infections on the outcome.Aim and objectives: To determine the proportion of secondary infections in COVID-19 patients. To study the spectrum of pathogens and antibiogram of the bacteria isolated from secondary infections in such patients. To evaluate the co-existing co-morbidities, treatment and outcome in these patients.Methodology: The retrospective study was conducted in Departments of Medicine and Microbiology, KMC hospitals Attavara and Ambedkar circle, Mangaluru, including all the hospitalized microbiologically confirmed cases of SARS CoV-2 infection. Details pertaining to the study population were collected using a structured proforma. Descriptive data were entered in the form of mean, median and proportions. The categorical values were analyzed using Chi square test. Values of p < 0.05 were considered as statistically significant.Results: Two hundred COVID-19 hospitalized patients were included.28 out of 200 patients (14%) studied developed secondary infections. The types of secondary infections were Respiratory infections (50%), blood stream infections (17%), UTI (14%), Rhinocerebral Zygomycosis (17%). The predominant organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae (44%), Zygomycetes (17%). The rates of antibiotic resistance in Gram negative bacilli were 33% to Cefuroxime,25% to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones and 16% to carbapenems. The mortality of 42.8% was observed in patients with secondary infections.Conclusion: Close monitoring and follow up especially in high-risk group of severe COVID 19 patients is crucial for better management and outcome.Keywords: COVID-19, SARS CoV 2, secondary infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae, antibiotic resistance

Published
2022

6. Global, regional, and national sex differences in the global burden of tuberculosis by HIV status, 1990-2019: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Ledesma, JR, Ma, J, Vongpradith, A, Maddison, ER, Novotney, A, Biehl, MH, LeGrand, KE, Ross, JM, Jahagirdar, D, Bryazka, D, Feldman, R, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, AE, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adebayo, OM, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, SA, Ahmadi, S, Rashid, TA, Salih, YA, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alemayehu, Y, Alene, KA, Ali, BA, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Anderson, JA, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Antony, CM, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arja, A, Asemahagn, MA, Atre, SR, Azhar, GS, Darshan, BB, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barqawi, HJ, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Belgaumi, UI, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Boloor, A, Briko, NI, Buonsenso, D, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Claassens, MM, Dadras, O, Dagnew, AB, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dhamnetiya, D, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Linh, PD, Eftekharzadeh, S, Elhadi, M, Emami, A, Enany, S, Faraon, EJA, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Frank, TD, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Garcia-Calavaro, C, Garg, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Goodridge, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haider, MR, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Irvani, SSN, Ismail, NE, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jain, V, Javanmardi, F, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kabir, Z, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Katoto, PD, Kayode, GA, Kendrick, PJ, Kerbo, AA, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khatab, K, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Bicer, BK, Kumar, A, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, Lak, HM, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lee, W-C, Lin, C, Liu, X, Lopukhov, PD, Lozano, R, Machado, DB, Kunjathur, SM, Madi, D, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Malik, AA, Martins-Melo, FR, Mehta, S, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Merie, HE, Mersha, AG, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Mheidly, NM, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moore, CE, Nagarajan, AJ, Nair, S, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, TH, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Ntsekhe, M, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Mahesh, PA, Parthasarathi, R, Kan, FP, Pattanshetty, SM, Paudel, R, Paul, P, Pawar, S, Pepito, VCF, Yigit, V, Perico, N, Pirestani, M, Polibin, R, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reta, MA, Rezaei, N, Rezahosseini, O, Rezai, MS, Rezapour, A, Roshandel, G, Roshchin, DO, Sabour, S, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Salam, N, Kafil, HS, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Saroshe, S, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Sawyer, SM, Senthilkumaran, S, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaikh, MA, Sharafi, K, Shetty, RS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JP, Singh, JK, Sinha, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Steiropoulos, P, Sufiyan, MB, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamir, Z, Tarkang, EE, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, FH, Tessema, B, Thapar, R, Tleyjeh, II, Tobe-Gai, R, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, B, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, CD, Tahbaz, SV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Walters, MK, Whisnant, JL, Woldekidan, MA, Wubishet, BL, Jabbari, SHY, Yazie, TSY, Yeshaw, Y, Yi, S, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zumla, A, Mokdad, AH, Salomon, JA, Reiner, RC, Lim, SS, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Hay, S, Murray, CJL, Kyu, HH, Ledesma, JR, Ma, J, Vongpradith, A, Maddison, ER, Novotney, A, Biehl, MH, LeGrand, KE, Ross, JM, Jahagirdar, D, Bryazka, D, Feldman, R, Abolhassani, H, Abosetugn, AE, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Adebayo, OM, Adnani, QES, Afzal, S, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmad, SA, Ahmadi, S, Rashid, TA, Salih, YA, Aklilu, A, Akunna, CJ, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alemayehu, Y, Alene, KA, Ali, BA, Ali, L, Alipour, V, Alizade, H, Al-Raddadi, RM, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, S, Amit, AML, Anderson, JA, Androudi, S, Antonio, CAT, Antony, CM, Anwer, R, Arabloo, J, Arja, A, Asemahagn, MA, Atre, SR, Azhar, GS, Darshan, BB, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Barqawi, HJ, Barra, F, Barrow, A, Basu, S, Belgaumi, UI, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharjee, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Boloor, A, Briko, NI, Buonsenso, D, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, Carter, A, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, SK, Chattu, VK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Claassens, MM, Dadras, O, Dagnew, AB, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dhamnetiya, D, Dianatinasab, M, Diaz, D, Linh, PD, Eftekharzadeh, S, Elhadi, M, Emami, A, Enany, S, Faraon, EJA, Farzadfar, F, Fernandes, E, Desideri, LF, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Frank, TD, Garcia-Basteiro, AL, Garcia-Calavaro, C, Garg, T, Geberemariyam, BS, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Golechha, M, Goodridge, A, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, VB, Gupta, VK, Haider, MR, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Hussain, R, Ibitoye, SE, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Irvani, SSN, Ismail, NE, Itumalla, R, Jaafari, J, Jacobsen, KH, Jain, V, Javanmardi, F, Jayapal, SK, Jayaram, S, Jha, RP, Jonas, JB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kabir, Z, Kamath, A, Kanchan, T, Kandel, H, Katoto, PD, Kayode, GA, Kendrick, PJ, Kerbo, AA, Khajuria, H, Khalilov, R, Khatab, K, Khoja, AT, Khubchandani, J, Kim, MS, Kim, YJ, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kosen, S, Koul, PA, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Bicer, BK, Kumar, A, Kumar, GA, Kumar, N, Kwarteng, A, Lak, HM, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lee, SWH, Lee, W-C, Lin, C, Liu, X, Lopukhov, PD, Lozano, R, Machado, DB, Kunjathur, SM, Madi, D, Mahajan, PB, Majeed, A, Malik, AA, Martins-Melo, FR, Mehta, S, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Merie, HE, Mersha, AG, Mesregah, MK, Mestrovic, T, Mheidly, NM, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moghadaszadeh, M, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, S, Molokhia, M, Moni, MA, Al Montasir, A, Moore, CE, Nagarajan, AJ, Nair, S, Naqvi, AA, Swamy, SN, Nayak, BP, Nazari, J, Kandel, SN, Nguyen, TH, Nixon, MR, Nnaji, CA, Ntsekhe, M, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, OO, Olagunju, AT, Oren, E, Mahesh, PA, Parthasarathi, R, Kan, FP, Pattanshetty, SM, Paudel, R, Paul, P, Pawar, S, Pepito, VCF, Yigit, V, Perico, N, Pirestani, M, Polibin, R, Postma, MJ, Pourshams, A, Prashant, A, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Rahmani, AM, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, CR, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Reitsma, MB, Remuzzi, G, Renzaho, AMN, Reta, MA, Rezaei, N, Rezahosseini, O, Rezai, MS, Rezapour, A, Roshandel, G, Roshchin, DO, Sabour, S, Saif-Ur-Rahman, KM, Salam, N, Kafil, HS, Samaei, M, Samy, AM, Saroshe, S, Sartorius, B, Sathian, B, Sawyer, SM, Senthilkumaran, S, Seylani, A, Shafaat, O, Shaikh, MA, Sharafi, K, Shetty, RS, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Silva, JP, Singh, JK, Sinha, S, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Spurlock, EE, Sreeramareddy, CT, Steiropoulos, P, Sufiyan, MB, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, EG, Tamir, Z, Tarkang, EE, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, FH, Tessema, B, Thapar, R, Tleyjeh, II, Tobe-Gai, R, Bach, XT, Tsegaye, B, Tsegaye, GW, Ullah, A, Umeokonkwo, CD, Tahbaz, SV, Bay, V, Giang, TV, Waheed, Y, Walters, MK, Whisnant, JL, Woldekidan, MA, Wubishet, BL, Jabbari, SHY, Yazie, TSY, Yeshaw, Y, Yi, S, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zastrozhin, MS, Zastrozhina, A, Zhang, Z-J, Zumla, A, Mokdad, AH, Salomon, JA, Reiner, RC, Lim, SS, Naghavi, M, Vos, T, Hay, S, Murray, CJL, and Kyu, HH

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is a major contributor to the global burden of disease, causing more than a million deaths annually. Given an emphasis on equity in access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis in global health targets, evaluations of differences in tuberculosis burden by sex are crucial. We aimed to assess the levels and trends of the global burden of tuberculosis, with an emphasis on investigating differences in sex by HIV status for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. METHODS: We used a Bayesian hierarchical Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) platform to analyse 21 505 site-years of vital registration data, 705 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 825 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, and 680 site-years of mortality surveillance data to estimate mortality due to tuberculosis among HIV-negative individuals. We used a population attributable fraction approach to estimate mortality related to HIV and tuberculosis coinfection. A compartmental meta-regression tool (DisMod-MR 2.1) was then used to synthesise all available data sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, population-based tuberculin surveys, and tuberculosis cause-specific mortality, to produce estimates of incidence, prevalence, and mortality that were internally consistent. We further estimated the fraction of tuberculosis mortality that is attributable to independent effects of risk factors, including smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes, for HIV-negative individuals. For individuals with HIV and tuberculosis coinfection, we assessed mortality attributable to HIV risk factors including unsafe sex, intimate partner violence (only estimated among females), and injection drug use. We present 95% uncertainty intervals for all estimates. FINDINGS: Globally, in 2019, among HIV-negative individuals, there were 1·18 million (95% uncertainty interval 1·08-1·29) deaths due to tuberculosis and 8·50 million (7·45-9·73) incident cases of tuberculosis

Published
2022

10. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author

Sartorius, B., VanderHeide, J.D., Yang, M., Goosmann, E.A., Hon, J., Haeuser, E., Cork, M.A., Perkins, S., Jahagirdar, D., Schaeffer, L.E., Serfes, A.L., LeGrand, K.E., Abbastabar, H., Abebo, Z.H., Abosetugn, A.E., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Accrombessi, M.M.K., Adebayo, O.M., Adegbosin, A.E., Adekanmbi, V., Adetokunboh, O.O., Adeyinka, D.A., Ahinkorah, B.O., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, M.B., Akalu, Y., Akinyemi, O.O., Akinyemi, R.O., Aklilu, A., Akunna, C.J., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, N., Alamneh, A.A., Alanzi, T.M., Alemu, B.W., Alhassan, R.K., Ali, T., Alipour, V., Amini, S., Ancuceanu, R., Ansari, F., Anteneh, Z.A., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S.C.Y., Arabloo, J., Asemahagn, M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., Asmare, W.N., Atnafu, D.D., Atout, M.M.W., Atreya, A., Ausloos, M., Awedew, A.F., Ayala Quintanilla, B.P., Ayanore, M.A., Aynalem, Y.A., Ayza, M.A., Azari, S., Azene, Z.N., Babar, Z.-U.-D., Baig, A.A., Balakrishnan, S., Banach, M., Bärnighausen, T.W., Basu, S., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Bekuma, T.T., Bezabhe, W.M.M., Bhagavathula, A.S., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhutta, Z.A., Bibi, S., Bikbov, B., Birhan, T.A., Bitew, Z.W., Bockarie, M.J., Boloor, A., Brady, O.J., Bragazzi, N.L., Briko, A.N., Briko, N.I., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z.A., Cárdenas, R., Carvalho, F., Charan, J., Chatterjee, S., Chattu, S.K., Chattu, V.K., Chowdhury, M.A.K., Chu, D.-T., Cook, A.J., Cormier, N.M., Cowden, R.G., Culquichicon, C., Dagnew, B., Dahlawi, S.M.A., Damiani, G., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Daoud, F., Daryani, A., das Neves, J., Davis Weaver, N., Derbew Molla, M., Deribe, K., Desta, A.A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S.D., Dhungana, G.P., Diaz, D., Djalalinia, S., Doku, P.N., Dubljanin, E., Duko, B., Eagan, A.W., Earl, L., Eaton, J.W., Effiong, A., El Sayed Zaki, M., El Tantawi, M., Elayedath, R., El-Jaafary, S.I., Elsharkawy, A., Eskandarieh, S., Eyawo, O., Ezzikouri, S., Fasanmi, A.O., Fasil, A., Fauk, N.K., Feigin, V.L., Ferede, T.Y., Fernandes, E., Fischer, F., Foigt, N.A., Folayan, M.O., Foroutan, M., Francis, J.M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M.M., Geberemariyam, B.S., Gebregiorgis, B., Gebremichael, B., Gesesew, H.A., Getacher, L., Ghadiri, K., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S.A., Ginindza, T.G., Glagn, M., Golechha, M., Gona, P.N., Gubari, M.I.M., Gugnani, H.C., Guido, D., Guled, R.A., Hall, B.J., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D.W., Hargono, A., Hashi, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Herteliu, C., de Hidru, H.D., Holla, R., Hosgood, H.D., Hossain, N., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Househ, M., Hwang, B.-F., Ibitoye, S.E., Ilesanmi, O.S., Ilic, I.M., Ilic, M.D., Irvani, S.S.N., Iwu, C.C.D., Iwu, C.J., Iyamu, I.O., Jain, V., Jakovljevic, M., Jalilian, F., Jha, R.P., Johnson, K.B., Joshua, V., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J.J., Kabir, A., Kalankesh, L.R., Kalhor, R., Kamath, A., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karami Matin, B., Karch, A., Karimi, S.E., Kasa, A.S., Kassahun, G., Kayode, G.A., Kazemi Karyani, A., Keiyoro, P.N., Kelkay, B., Khalid, N., Khan, G., Khan, J., Khan, M.N., Khatab, K., Khazaei, S., Kim, Y.J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kochhar, S., Kopec, J.A., Kosen, S., Koulmane Laxminarayana, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kuate Defo, B., Kugbey, N., Kulkarni, V., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O.P., Kusuma, D., Kuupiel, D., Kyu, H.H., La Vecchia, C., Lal, D.K., Lam, J.O., Landires, I., Lasrado, S., Lazarus, J.V., Lazzar-Atwood, A., Lee, P.H., Leshargie, C.T., Li, B., Liu, X., Lopukhov, P.D., Amin, H.I.M., Madi, D., Mahasha, P.W., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Maleki, S., Mamun, A.A., Manafi, N., Mansournia, M.A., Martins-Melo, F.R., Masoumi, S.Z., Mayala, B.K., Meharie, B.G., Meheretu, H.A.A., Meles, H.G., Melku, M., Mendoza, W., Mengesha, E.W., Meretoja, T.J., Mersha, A.M., Mestrovic, T., Miller, T.R., Mirica, A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh, M., Mohamad, O., Mohammad, Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammed, J.A., Mohammed, S., Mokdad, A.H., Mokonnon, T., Molokhia, M., Moradi, M., Moradi, Y., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Mosser, J.F., Munro, S.B., Mustafa, G., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A.J., Naghavi, M., Naveed, M., Nayak, V.C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Nepal, S., Netsere, H.B., Ngalesoni, F.N., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Ngunjiri, J.W., Nigatu, Y.T., Nigussie, S.N., Nnaji, C.A., Noubiap, J.J., Nuñez-Samudio, V., Oancea, B., Odukoya, O.O., Ogbo, F.A., Oladimeji, O., Olagunju, A.T., Olusanya, B.O., Olusanya, J.O., Omer, M.O., Omonisi, A.E.E., Onwujekwe, O.E., Orisakwe, O.E., Otstavnov, N., Owolabi, M.O., Mahesh, P.A., Padubidri, J.R., Pakhale, S., Pana, A., Pandi-Perumal, S.R., Patel, U.K., Pathak, M., Patton, G.C., Pawar, S., Peprah, E.K., Pokhrel, K.N., Postma, M.J., Pottoo, F.H., Pourjafar, H., Pribadi, D.R.A., Quazi Syed, Z., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahman, M.H.U., Rahmani, A.M., Ram, P., Rana, J., Ranabhat, C.L., Rao, S., Rao, S.J., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D.L., Rawaf, S., Rawassizadeh, R., Renjith, V., Reta, M.A., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A.I., Ross, J.M., Rumisha, S.F., Sagar, R., Sahu, M., Sajadi, S.M., Salem, M.R., Samy, A.M., Sathian, B., Schutte, A.E., Seidu, A.-A., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M.A., Shaka, M.F., Sheikh, A., Shibuya, K., Shin, J.I., Shivakumar, K.M., Sidemo, N.B., Singh, J.A., Skryabin, V.Y., Skryabina, A.A., Soheili, A., Soltani, S., Somefun, O.D., Sorrie, M.B., Spurlock, E.E., Sufiyan, M.B., Taddele, B.W., Tadesse, E.G., Tamir, Z., Tamiru, A.T., Tanser, F.C., Taveira, N., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Tekalegn, Y., Tesfay, F.H., Tessema, B., Tessema, Z.T., Thakur, B., Tolani, M.A., Topor-Madry, R., Torrado, M., Tovani-Palone, M.R., Traini, E., Tsai, A.C., Tsegaye, G.W., Ullah, I., Ullah, S., Umeokonkwo, C.D., Unnikrishnan, B., Vardavas, C., Violante, F.S., Vo, B., Wado, Y.D., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R.G., Wang, Y., Ward, P., Werdecker, A., Wickramasinghe, N.D., Wijeratne, T., Wiysonge, C.S., Wondmeneh, T.G., Yamada, T., Yaya, S., Yeshaw, Y., Yeshitila, Y.G., Yilma, M.T., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yosef, T., Yusefzadeh, H., Zaidi, S.S., Zaki, L., Zamanian, M., Zastrozhin, M.S., Zastrozhina, A., Zewdie, D.T., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z.-J., Ziapour, A., Hay, S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren, L., LBD HIV Incidence Mortality Collaborators, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, Khatab, Khaled, Sartorius B., VanderHeide J.D., Yang M., Goosmann E.A., Hon J., Haeuser E., Cork M.A., Perkins S., Jahagirdar D., Schaeffer L.E., Serfes A.L., LeGrand K.E., Abbastabar H., Abebo Z.H., Abosetugn A.E., Abu-Gharbieh E., Accrombessi M.M.K., Adebayo O.M., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Adeyinka D.A., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Akalu Y., Akinyemi O.O., Akinyemi R.O., Aklilu A., Akunna C.J., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam N., Alamneh A.A., Alanzi T.M., Alemu B.W., Alhassan R.K., Ali T., Alipour V., Amini S., Ancuceanu R., Ansari F., Anteneh Z.A., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S.C.Y., Arabloo J., Asemahagn M.A., Asghari Jafarabadi M., Asmare W.N., Atnafu D.D., Atout M.M.W., Atreya A., Ausloos M., Awedew A.F., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayanore M.A., Aynalem Y.A., Ayza M.A., Azari S., Azene Z.N., Babar Z.-U.-D., Baig A.A., Balakrishnan S., Banach M., Barnighausen T.W., Basu S., Bayati M., Bedi N., Bekuma T.T., Bezabhe W.M.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bibi S., Bikbov B., Birhan T.A., Bitew Z.W., Bockarie M.J., Boloor A., Brady O.J., Bragazzi N.L., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu S.K., Chattu V.K., Chowdhury M.A.K., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Cowden R.G., Culquichicon C., Dagnew B., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Daoud F., Daryani A., das Neves J., Davis Weaver N., Derbew Molla M., Deribe K., Desta A.A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Doku P.N., Dubljanin E., Duko B., Eagan A.W., Earl L., Eaton J.W., Effiong A., El Sayed Zaki M., El Tantawi M., Elayedath R., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eskandarieh S., Eyawo O., Ezzikouri S., Fasanmi A.O., Fasil A., Fauk N.K., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fernandes E., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Foroutan M., Francis J.M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Geberemariyam B.S., Gebregiorgis B., Gebremichael B., Gesesew H.A., Getacher L., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Ginindza T.G., Glagn M., Golechha M., Gona P.N., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guido D., Guled R.A., Hall B.J., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hargono A., Hashi A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Herteliu C., de Hidru H.D., Holla R., Hosgood H.D., Hossain N., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hwang B.-F., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Irvani S.S.N., Iwu C.C.D., Iwu C.J., Iyamu I.O., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jalilian F., Jha R.P., Johnson K.B., Joshua V., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Kabir A., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamath A., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karami Matin B., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kasa A.S., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Kazemi Karyani A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelkay B., Khalid N., Khan G., Khan J., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khazaei S., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kochhar S., Kopec J.A., Kosen S., Koulmane Laxminarayana S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kuate Defo B., Kugbey N., Kulkarni V., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Kuupiel D., Kyu H.H., La Vecchia C., Lal D.K., Lam J.O., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J.V., Lazzar-Atwood A., Lee P.H., Leshargie C.T., Li B., Liu X., Lopukhov P.D., Amin H.I.M., Madi D., Mahasha P.W., Majeed A., Maleki A., Maleki S., Mamun A.A., Manafi N., Mansournia M.A., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Mayala B.K., Meharie B.G., Meheretu H.A.A., Meles H.G., Melku M., Mendoza W., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja T.J., Mersha A.M., Mestrovic T., Miller T.R., Mirica A., Mirzaei-Alavijeh M., Mohamad O., Mohammad Y., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammed J.A., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Mokonnon T., Molokhia M., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mosser J.F., Munro S.B., Mustafa G., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naveed M., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Nepal S., Netsere H.B., Ngalesoni F.N., Nguefack-Tsague G., Ngunjiri J.W., Nigatu Y.T., Nigussie S.N., Nnaji C.A., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Odukoya O.O., Ogbo F.A., Oladimeji O., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omer M.O., Omonisi A.E.E., Onwujekwe O.E., Orisakwe O.E., Otstavnov N., Owolabi M.O., Mahesh P.A., Padubidri J.R., Pakhale S., Pana A., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Patel U.K., Pathak M., Patton G.C., Pawar S., Peprah E.K., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pribadi D.R.A., Quazi Syed Z., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Ram P., Rana J., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S., Rao S.J., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Reta M.A., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Ross J.M., Rumisha S.F., Sagar R., Sahu M., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Sathian B., Schutte A.E., Seidu A.-A., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M.A., Shaka M.F., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Shivakumar K.M., Sidemo N.B., Singh J.A., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Soheili A., Soltani S., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Spurlock E.E., Sufiyan M.B., Taddele B.W., Tadesse E.G., Tamir Z., Tamiru A.T., Tanser F.C., Taveira N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tekalegn Y., Tesfay F.H., Tessema B., Tessema Z.T., Thakur B., Tolani M.A., Topor-Madry R., Torrado M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Traini E., Tsai A.C., Tsegaye G.W., Ullah I., Ullah S., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrishnan B., Vardavas C., Violante F.S., Vo B., Wado Y.D., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Ward P., Werdecker A., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wijeratne T., Wiysonge C.S., Wondmeneh T.G., Yamada T., Yaya S., Yeshaw Y., Yeshitila Y.G., Yilma M.T., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yosef T., Yusefzadeh H., Zaidi S.S., Zaki L., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M.S., Zastrozhina A., Zewdie D.T., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, Duko, Bereket, Yeshaw, Yigizie, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Clinicum

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, sub-Saharan Africa, Male, HIV Antibodie, Epidemiology, HIV incidences, HIV Infections, mortality rate, HIV Antibodies, Modelling study, Human immunodeficiency virus prevalence, 0302 clinical medicine, Africa, Northern, RA0421, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Medicine, Northern, HIV Infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, 10. No inequality, uncertainty, Mozambique, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, HIV mortality, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Incidence, 1. No poverty, Hiv incidence, article, Mauritania, Human immunodeficiency virus infected patient, Articles, tracking, Middle Aged, health care planning, 3. Good health, Lesotho, AIDS, Infectious Diseases, QR180, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, prenatal care, anti human immunodeficiency virus agent, seroepidemiology, Human, Adult, Adolescent, Anti-HIV Agents, Immunology, antiretroviral therapy, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, blood, Human immunodeficiency virus infection, Virology, Seroprevalence, Humans, human, Developing Countries, Estimation, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Subnational mappings, business.industry, Seroepidemiologic Studie, HIV, Anti-HIV Agent, PREVENTION, 030112 virology, mortality, monitoring, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Human immunodeficiency virus antibody, Africa, business, HIV incidence, Subnational mapping, Sub-Saharan Africa, Local burden of disease, Public health, Demography
Abstract

Background. High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. Methods. In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15–49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000–18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. Findings. The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1–3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4–1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7–0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6–888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV incidence (4661·7 [2544·8–8120·3]) cases per 100 000 people in 2018 and Inhassunge District, Zambezia Province, Mozambique, had the highest estimated HIV mortality rate (1163·0 [679·0–1866·8]) deaths per 100 000 people. Further, the rate of reduction in HIV incidence and mortality from 2000 to 2018, as well as the ratio of new infections to the number of people living with HIV was highly variable. Although most second-level administrative units had declines in the number of new cases (3316 [81·1%] of 4087 units) and number of deaths (3325 [81·4%]), nearly all appeared well short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths between 2010 and 2020. Interpretation. Our estimates suggest that most second-level administrative units in sub-Saharan Africa are falling short of the targeted 75% reduction in new cases and deaths by 2020, which is further compounded by substantial within-country variability. These estimates will help decision makers and programme implementers expand access to ART and better target health resources to higher burden subnational areas. This work was primarily supported by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (grant OPP1132415). Additionally, O Adetokunboh acknowledges the support of the Department of Science and Innovation, and National Research Foundation of South Africa. M Ausloos, A Pana, and C Herteliu are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (Romania; project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084). T W Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. M J Bockarie is supported by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership. F Carvalho and E Fernandes acknowledge support from Portuguese national funds (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior; UIDB/info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB/50006/2020/PT, UIDB/04378/2020, and UIDP/04378/2020. K Deribe is supported by the Wellcome Trust (grant 201900/Z/16/Z) as part of his International Intermediate Fellowship. B-F Hwang was partially supported by China Medical University (CMU107-Z-04), Taichung, Taiwan. M Jakovljevic acknowledges support of the Serbia Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development (grant OI 175 014). M N Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Y J Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia, Malaysia, (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). K Krishnan is supported by University Grants Commission Centre of Advanced Study, (CAS II), awarded to the Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. M Kumar would like to acknowledge National Institutes of Health and Fogarty International Cente (K43TW010716). I Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by the Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación, Panama. W Mendoza is a program analyst in population and development at the UN Population Fund Country Office in Peru, which does not necessarily endorse this study. M Phetole received institutional support from the Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit, South African Medical Research Council. O Odukoya acknowledges support from the Fogarty International Center of the US National Institutes of Health (K43TW010704). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the US National Institutes of Health. O Oladimeji is grateful for the support from Walter Sisulu University, Eastern Cape, South Africa, the University of Botswana, Botswana, and the University of Technology of Durban, Durban, South Africa. J R Padubidri acknowledges support from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, India. G C Patton is supported by an Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council research fellowship. P Rathi acknowledges Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal India. A I Ribeiro was supported by National Funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, under the programme of Stimulus of Scientific Employment–Individual Support (info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/CEEC IND 2018/CEECIND/02386/2018/CP1538/CT0001/PT). A M Samy acknowledges the support of the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. F Sha was supported by the Shenzhen Social Science Fund (SZ2020C015) and the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (KQTD20190929172835662). A Sheikh is supported by Health Data Research UK. N Taveira acknowledges partial funding by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal, and Aga Khan Development Network—Portugal Collaborative Research Network in Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa (332821690), and by the European and Developing Countries Clinical Trials Partnership (RIA2016MC-1615). C S Wiysonge is supported by the South African Medical Research Council. Y Zhang was supported by the Science and Technology Research Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education (Q20201104) and Open Fund Project of Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control (OHIC2020Y01).

Published
2021

14. Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

Author

Cork, MA, Henry, NJ, Watson, S, Croneberger, AJ, Baumann, M, Letourneau, ID, Yang, M, Serfes, AL, Abbas, J, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abreu, LG, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Adabi, M, Adal, TG, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Alhassan, RK, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Anvari, D, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asaad, M, Atnafu, DD, Atreya, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Bante, SA, Barboza, MA, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Bensenor, IM, Beyene, FY, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birlik, SM, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Boloor, A, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, VK, Chattu, SK, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Cook, AJ, Cormier, NM, Dahlawi, SMA, Daoud, F, Davila Cervantes, CA, Weaver, ND, De la Hoz, FP, Demeke, FM, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Earl, L, Effiong, A, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, SI, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Gori, U, Goulart, AC, Goulart, BNG, Gugnani, HC, Guimaraes, MDC, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haeuser, E, Haider, MR, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hanif, A, Hargono, A, Hariyani, N, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, BF, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Ilic, IM, Iqbal, U, Jahagirdar, D, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Johnson, KB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keramati, M, Khalid, N, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MNN, Khatab, K, Kianipour, N, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kuchenbecker, RS, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Li, B, Li, S, Liu, X, Amin, HIM, Machado, DB, Madi, D, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Malta, DC, Mansournia, MA, Manzar, MD, Marrugo Arnedo, CA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Mayala, BK, Medina-Solis, CE, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohammad, Y, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Khaneghah, AM, Mustafa, G, Mwanri, L, Nagaraja, R, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Negash, H, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Nikbakhsh, R, Noubiap, JJ, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Otstavnov, N, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Perumal, SRP, Pardo-Montano, AM, Patel, UK, Pawar, S, Peprah, EK, Pereira, A, Perkins, S, Pescarini, JM, Pokhrel, KN, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Prada, SI, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Roever, L, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sagar, R, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sathian, B, Schaeffer, LE, Schneider, IJC, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shaikh, MA, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sligar, A, Soheili, A, Steuben, KM, Sufiyan, MB, Tadesse, EG, Tesema, AKT, Tesfay, FH, Thapar, R, Thompson, RL, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tsegaye, GW, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Welay, FT, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yaya, S, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, SI, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Cork, MA, Henry, NJ, Watson, S, Croneberger, AJ, Baumann, M, Letourneau, ID, Yang, M, Serfes, AL, Abbas, J, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abreu, LG, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Achappa, B, Adabi, M, Adal, TG, Adegbosin, AE, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, OO, Agudelo-Botero, M, Ahinkorah, BO, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, MB, Alhassan, RK, Alipour, V, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alvis-Guzman, N, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, T, Anvari, D, Aqeel, M, Arabloo, J, Aremu, O, Asaad, M, Atnafu, DD, Atreya, A, Quintanilla, BPA, Azari, S, Darshan, BB, Baig, AA, Banach, M, Bante, SA, Barboza, MA, Basu, S, Bedi, N, Bejarano Ramirez, DF, Bensenor, IM, Beyene, FY, Bezabih, YM, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Birlik, SM, Bitew, ZW, Bohlouli, S, Boloor, A, Brunoni, AR, Butt, ZA, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, VK, Chattu, SK, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Cook, AJ, Cormier, NM, Dahlawi, SMA, Daoud, F, Davila Cervantes, CA, Weaver, ND, De la Hoz, FP, Demeke, FM, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Deribe, K, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Duraes, AR, Eagan, AW, Earl, L, Effiong, A, Zaki, MES, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, SI, Faraon, EJA, Faro, A, Fattahi, N, Fauk, NK, Fernandes, E, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Foigt, NA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gebremariam, TBB, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Golechha, M, Gori, U, Goulart, AC, Goulart, BNG, Gugnani, HC, Guimaraes, MDC, Guimaraes, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haeuser, E, Haider, MR, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hanif, A, Hargono, A, Hariyani, N, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, Ho, HC, Holla, R, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, BF, Ibeneme, CU, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Ilic, IM, Iqbal, U, Jahagirdar, D, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jha, RP, Johnson, KB, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kanchan, T, Matin, BK, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kassahun, G, Kayode, GA, Karyani, AK, Keramati, M, Khalid, N, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khan, MNN, Khatab, K, Kianipour, N, Kim, YJ, Kisa, S, Kisa, A, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, SLK, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, BK, Kuchenbecker, RS, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, N, Kumar, M, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lal, DK, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lee, PH, LeGrand, KE, Li, B, Li, S, Liu, X, Amin, HIM, Machado, DB, Madi, D, Magis-Rodriguez, C, Malta, DC, Mansournia, MA, Manzar, MD, Marrugo Arnedo, CA, Martins-Melo, FR, Masoumi, SZ, Mayala, BK, Medina-Solis, CE, Memish, ZA, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mestrovic, T, Mirica, A, Moazen, B, Mohammad, Y, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, AH, Moni, MA, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Khaneghah, AM, Mustafa, G, Mwanri, L, Nagaraja, R, Nagarajan, AJ, Naimzada, MD, Nascimento, BR, Naveed, M, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Negash, H, Negoi, I, Nepal, S, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, CT, Nguyen, HLT, Nikbakhsh, R, Noubiap, JJ, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ogbo, FA, Olagunju, AT, Otstavnov, N, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Perumal, SRP, Pardo-Montano, AM, Patel, UK, Pawar, S, Peprah, EK, Pereira, A, Perkins, S, Pescarini, JM, Pokhrel, KN, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Prada, SI, Preotescu, L, Pribadi, DRA, Radfar, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, MHU, Rahmani, AM, Ramezanzadeh, K, Rana, J, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rathi, P, Rawaf, S, Rawaf, DL, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, AI, Roever, L, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sagar, R, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Samy, AM, Sarmiento-Suarez, R, Sathian, B, Schaeffer, LE, Schneider, IJC, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shaikh, MA, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, JI, Silva, DAS, Singh, JA, Skryabin, VY, Skryabina, AA, Sligar, A, Soheili, A, Steuben, KM, Sufiyan, MB, Tadesse, EG, Tesema, AKT, Tesfay, FH, Thapar, R, Thompson, RL, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Tsegaye, GW, Umeokonkwo, CD, Unnikrishnan, B, Vasseghian, Y, Violante, FS, Vo, B, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wang, Y-P, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Welay, FT, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Yaya, S, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yuce, D, Yusefzadeh, H, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Z-J, Zhang, Y, Ziapour, A, Hay, SI, and Dwyer-Lindgren, L

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. METHODS: We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. RESULTS: All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries-apart from Ecuador-across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups-the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. CONCLUSIONS: Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and divergi

Published
2021

15. Subnational mapping of HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years in sub-Saharan Africa, 2000-18: a modelling study

Author

Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Briko, A, Briko, N, Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D-T, Cook, A, Cormier, N, Cowden, R, Culquichicon, C, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Daryani, A, das Neves, J, Weaver, N, Molla, M, Deribe, K, Desta, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doku, P, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Eagan, A, Earl, L, Eaton, J, Effiong, A, Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Fasanmi, A, Fasil, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremichael, B, Gesesew, H, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guled, R, Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, de Hidru, H, Holla, R, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khazaei, S, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kuupiel, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Leshargie, C, Li, B, Liu, X, Lopukhov, P, Amin, H, Madi, D, Mahasha, P, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Meheretu, H, Meles, H, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Alavijeh, M, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokonnon, T, Molokhia, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Munro, S, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Ngalesoni, F, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orisakwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Peprah, E, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Reta, M, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ross, J, Rumisha, S, Sagar, R, Sahu, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Samy, A, Sathian, B, Schutte, A, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shivakumar, K, Sidemo, N, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sufiyan, M, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Tessema, B, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Tolani, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torrado, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tsai, A, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Vardavas, C, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, Dwyer-Lindgren, L, Sartorius, B, Van der Heide, J, Yang, M, Goosmann, E, Hon, J, Haeuser, E, Cork, M, Perkins, S, Jahagirdar, D, Schaeffer, L, Serfes, A, LeGrand, K, Abbastabar, H, Abebo, Z, Abosetugn, A, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Accrombessi, M, Adebayo, O, Adegbosin, A, Adekanmbi, V, Adetokunboh, O, Adeyinka, D, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, M, Akalu, Y, Akinyemi, O, Akinyemi, R, Aklilu, A, Akunna, C, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, N, Alamneh, A, Alanzi, T, Alemu, B, Alhassan, R, Ali, T, Alipour, V, Amini, S, Ancuceanu, R, Ansari, F, Anteneh, Z, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Asemahagn, M, Jafarabadi, M, Asmare, W, Atnafu, D, Atout, M, Atreya, A, Ausloos, M, Awedew, A, Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Aynalem, Y, Ayza, M, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Babar, Z-U-D, Baig, A, Balakrishnan, S, Banach, M, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Bekuma, T, Bezabhe, W, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhutta, Z, Bibi, S, Bikbov, B, Birhan, T, Bitew, Z, Bockarie, M, Boloor, A, Brady, O, Bragazzi, N, Briko, A, Briko, N, Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Cardenas, R, Carvalho, F, Charan, J, Chatterjee, S, Chattu, S, Chattu, V, Chowdhury, M, Chu, D-T, Cook, A, Cormier, N, Cowden, R, Culquichicon, C, Dagnew, B, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Daoud, F, Daryani, A, das Neves, J, Weaver, N, Molla, M, Deribe, K, Desta, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Diaz, D, Djalalinia, S, Doku, P, Dubljanin, E, Duko, B, Eagan, A, Earl, L, Eaton, J, Effiong, A, Zaki, M, El Tantawi, M, Elayedath, R, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eskandarieh, S, Eyawo, O, Ezzikouri, S, Fasanmi, A, Fasil, A, Fauk, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fernandes, E, Fischer, F, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Foroutan, M, Francis, J, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Geberemariyam, B, Gebregiorgis, B, Gebremichael, B, Gesesew, H, Getacher, L, Ghadiri, K, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Ginindza, T, Glagn, M, Golechha, M, Gona, P, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guido, D, Guled, R, Hall, B, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hargono, A, Hashi, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Herteliu, C, de Hidru, H, Holla, R, Hosgood, H, Hossain, N, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Househ, M, Hwang, B-F, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irvani, S, Iwu, C, Iyamu, I, Jain, V, Jakovljevic, M, Jalilian, F, Jha, R, Johnson, K, Joshua, V, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Kabir, A, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamath, A, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Matin, B, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kasa, A, Kassahun, G, Kayode, G, Karyani, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelkay, B, Khalid, N, Khan, G, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khazaei, S, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kochhar, S, Kopec, J, Kosen, S, Laxminarayana, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Defo, B, Kugbey, N, Kulkarni, V, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, Kuupiel, D, Kyu, H, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Lam, J, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Lazzar-Atwood, A, Lee, P, Leshargie, C, Li, B, Liu, X, Lopukhov, P, Amin, H, Madi, D, Mahasha, P, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Maleki, S, Mamun, A, Manafi, N, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Masoumi, S, Mayala, B, Meharie, B, Meheretu, H, Meles, H, Melku, M, Mendoza, W, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Mirica, A, Alavijeh, M, Mohamad, O, Mohammad, Y, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mokdad, A, Mokonnon, T, Molokhia, M, Moradi, M, Moradi, Y, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mosser, J, Munro, S, Mustafa, G, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naveed, M, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Nepal, S, Netsere, H, Ngalesoni, F, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Ngunjiri, J, Nigatu, Y, Nigussie, S, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Odukoya, O, Ogbo, F, Oladimeji, O, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omer, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Orisakwe, O, Otstavnov, N, Owolabi, M, Mahesh, P, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pana, A, Pandi-Perumal, S, Patel, U, Pathak, M, Patton, G, Pawar, S, Peprah, E, Pokhrel, K, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pribadi, D, Syed, Z, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Ram, P, Rana, J, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Renjith, V, Reta, M, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ross, J, Rumisha, S, Sagar, R, Sahu, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Samy, A, Sathian, B, Schutte, A, Seidu, A-A, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shaka, M, Sheikh, A, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shivakumar, K, Sidemo, N, Singh, J, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Soheili, A, Soltani, S, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Spurlock, E, Sufiyan, M, Taddele, B, Tadesse, E, Tamir, Z, Tamiru, A, Tanser, F, Taveira, N, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tekalegn, Y, Tesfay, F, Tessema, B, Tessema, Z, Thakur, B, Tolani, M, Topor-Madry, R, Torrado, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tsai, A, Tsegaye, G, Ullah, I, Ullah, S, Umeokonkwo, C, Unnikrishnan, B, Vardavas, C, Violante, F, Vo, B, Wado, Y, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Ward, P, Werdecker, A, Wickramasinghe, N, Wijeratne, T, Wiysonge, C, Wondmeneh, T, Yamada, T, Yaya, S, Yeshaw, Y, Yeshitila, Y, Yilma, M, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yosef, T, Yusefzadeh, H, Zaidi, S, Zaki, L, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Zastrozhina, A, Zewdie, D, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Ziapour, A, Hay, S, and Dwyer-Lindgren, L

Abstract

BACKGROUND: High-resolution estimates of HIV burden across space and time provide an important tool for tracking and monitoring the progress of prevention and control efforts and assist with improving the precision and efficiency of targeting efforts. We aimed to assess HIV incidence and HIV mortality for all second-level administrative units across sub-Saharan Africa. METHODS: In this modelling study, we developed a framework that used the geographically specific HIV prevalence data collected in seroprevalence surveys and antenatal care clinics to train a model that estimates HIV incidence and mortality among individuals aged 15-49 years. We used a model-based geostatistical framework to estimate HIV prevalence at the second administrative level in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for 2000-18 and sought data on the number of individuals on antiretroviral therapy (ART) by second-level administrative unit. We then modified the Estimation and Projection Package (EPP) to use these HIV prevalence and treatment estimates to estimate HIV incidence and mortality by second-level administrative unit. FINDINGS: The estimates suggest substantial variation in HIV incidence and mortality rates both between and within countries in sub-Saharan Africa, with 15 countries having a ten-times or greater difference in estimated HIV incidence between the second-level administrative units with the lowest and highest estimated incidence levels. Across all 44 countries in 2018, HIV incidence ranged from 2·8 (95% uncertainty interval 2·1-3·8) in Mauritania to 1585·9 (1369·4-1824·8) cases per 100 000 people in Lesotho and HIV mortality ranged from 0·8 (0·7-0·9) in Mauritania to 676·5 (513·6-888·0) deaths per 100 000 people in Lesotho. Variation in both incidence and mortality was substantially greater at the subnational level than at the national level and the highest estimated rates were accordingly higher. Among second-level administrative units, Guijá District, Gaza Province, Mozambique

Published
2021

16. Thermal annealing ambiance effect on phosphorus passivation and reactivation mechanisms in silicon-based Schottky diodes hydrogenated by MW-ECR plasma.

Author

Belfennache, D., Madi, D., Yekhlef, R., Toukal, L., Maouche, N., Akhtar, M. S., and Zahra, S.

Subjects
*SCHOTTKY barrier diodes, *MICROWAVE plasmas, *PHOSPHORUS, *SILICON films, *PASSIVATION, *NITROGEN, *HIGH temperatures, *HYDROGENATION
Abstract

The main objective of this work is to investigate the effect of thermal annealing in forming gas atmosphere on the mechanism of deactivation and reactivation of phosphorus in silicon-based Schottky diodes. Firstly, the microwave plasma power, initial phosphorus concentration in the samples and hydrogen flux were fixed as 650 W, 1015 cm-3, and 30 sccm, respectively, to investigate the behavior of different working parameters of diodes, specifically the duration and temperature of hydrogenation. Secondly, few samples hydrogenated at 400 °C for 1 h were annealed under the forming gas (10% H2 + 90% N2) within the temperature range from 100 to 700 °C for 1 h. The profiles of active phosphorus concentration were monitored by evaluating the change in concentration of phosphorus after hydrogenation or thermal annealing in a forming gas environment through capacitance-voltage measurements. The obtained results depict the temperature and duration of hydrogenation, which ultimately reveals the complex behavior of phosphorous and hydrogen in silicon. However, the phosphorus passivation rate is homogeneous over all the depths measured at 400 °C. The thermal annealing in a forming gas indicates the increase in passivation rate of phosphorus as a function of annealing temperature, till the passivation rate attains saturation in the sample annealed at 400 °C. At higher temperatures, a decrease in the concentration of phosphorous-hydrogen complexes is observed due to the dissociation of these complexes and reactivation of phosphorus under thermal effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

17. Treatment of Ethylene Glycol Poisoning with Oral Ethyl Alcohol

Author

Achappa, B., Madi, D., Kanchan, T., and Kishanlal, N. K.

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Ethylene glycol poisoning is not uncommon in India. The ill effects are primarily caused by its toxic metabolites: glycolic acid and oxalic acid. A 70-year-old female presented to our hospital with ataxia after ingestion of ethylene glycol. The reported case describes the management of ethylene glycol poisoning using oral ethyl alcohol as an alternative to the recommended intravenous ethyl alcohol and fomepizole that are not available for use in India. The need for high degree of clinical suspicion, targeted investigations, and early instigation of treatment is of prime importance in cases of ethylene glycol poisoning as it can lead to long-term complications or even death.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

25. MW-ECR plasma hydrogenation of fine-grained polycrystalline silicon solar cells

Author

Madi, D., Focsa, A., Tuzun, O., Roques, S., Schmitt, S., Slaoui, A., Birouk, B., Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), WIP-Renewable Energies, and Jung, Marie-Anne

Subjects
Thin Films Solar Cells, Thin Film Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells and Wafer Equivalents, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 21-25 September 2009, Hamburg, Germany; 2537-2540, The purpose of this work is to investigate the hydrogenation process of thin film polycrystalline n+pp+ silicon cells using MW-ECR plasma in a standard PECVD system. Different operating parameters were varied such as MW-ECR power, annealing temperature and the doping level of the emitter region. The n+ - type emitter was obtained by phosphorus diffusion in conventional furnace from an oxide doping source containing phosphorus (P507 or P509 solutions, Filmtronics Inc). The MW hydrogenation was carried out during 60 min at a sample temperature of 400°C. For both levels of emitter doping, the open-circuit voltage of Poly-Si mesa cells increases vs. applying MW-ECR plasma power from 155-206 mV before hydrogenation up to 305-331 mV after plasma hydrogenation at 650 W. However, the sheet resistances of the n+ emitter region measured by the four-point probe technique show a slight increase upon hydrogenation. In a further study hydrogenated samples were annealed in forming or neutral gas. Post-hydrogenation in forming gaz exhibited an increase in Voc for samples hydrogenated by MW-ECR plasma in the 200 to 400 W range, while a decrease is observed for power between 500 and 650 W.

Published
2009

30. Phosphorus deactivation mechanisms by hydrogenation in the n+ emitter region and its effect on defects passivation in n+pp+ poly-silicon solar cells.

Author

Ouldamer, R., Belfennache, D., Madi, D., Yekhlef, R., Zaiou, S., and Ali, Mohamed A.

Subjects
*PHOTOVOLTAIC power systems, *SOLAR cells, *CYCLOTRON resonance, *PASSIVATION, *MICROWAVE plasmas, *PHOTOVOLTAIC effect
Abstract

Doping level of the n+ emitter region is an essential parameter that controls the performance of the n+pp+ poly-silicon solar cells. Also, most poly-silicon n+pp+ solar cell manufacturers apply hydrogenation from the phosphorus emitter n+ side to improve photovoltaic efficiency. Although hydrogen can passivate defects as well as it changes initial phosphorus doping level through phosphorus-hydrogen complex formation. Consequently, phosphorus deactivation can have a harmful effect on photovoltaic efficiency. In this context, the primary purpose of this work is to investigate the phosphorus deactivation in n+ emitter region and its effect on defects passivation of hydrogenated n+pp+ poly-silicon solar cells. To do this, hydrogenation is performed by microwave plasma discharge involving an electron cyclotron resonance system. Besides, hydrogen passivates defects in poly-silicon, at the same time it deactivates phosphorus. For this reason, we have chosen to separate these simultaneous effects. So, we performed phosphorus deactivation on Schottky diodes-based mono-silicon, while defect passivation was operated in n+pp+ poly-silicon solar cells. Our results reveal that hydrogen effectively deactivates phosphorus dopant. This effect is deeper in Schottky diodes with low initial phosphorus doping level where hydrogen diffuses easily in the bulk. This behavior is clearly revealed in open circuit-voltage values (Voc) measured on n+pp+ samples. In fact, solar cells with low phosphorus concentration in n+ region revealed 319 mV compared to 230 mV for high doping level. Also, all n+pp+ poly-silicon solar cells show a saturation of Voc at high microwave plasma power. Reasons for such case were explained and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

34. Defects passivation and H-diffusion controlled by emitter region in polysilicon solar cells submitted to hydrogen plasma.

Author

Mahdid, S., Belfennache, D., Madi, D., Samah, M., Yekhlef, R., and Benkrima, Y.

Subjects
*SOLAR cells, *PASSIVATION, *POLYCRYSTALLINE silicon, *PHOTOVOLTAIC cells, *MICROWAVE plasmas, *ENERGY conversion, *HYDROGEN plasmas
Abstract

A significant cost reduction in photovoltaic cells could be achieved if they could be made from thin polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films. Despite hydrogenation treatments of poly-Si films are necessary to obtain high energy conversion, the role of the n+ emitter on defects passivation via hydrogen diffusion in n+pp+ polysilicon solar cells is not yet understood thoroughly. In this connection, influence of hydrogenation temperature and doping level of the n+ emitter on open-circuit voltage (VOC) were analyzed. It was found that VOC greatly improved by a factor of 2.9 and reached up to 430 mV at a microwave plasma power and hydrogenation temperature of 650 W and 400°C, respectively for a duration of 60 min. Moreover, slow cooling is more advantageous for high VOC compared to the rapid cooling. However, etching of the emitter region was observed, and this degradation is similar for both cooling methods. Furthermore, annealing of the hydrogenated cells in inert gas for 30 min revealed a slight increase in VOC, which reached 40-80 mV, depending on the annealing temperature. These results were explained by hydrogen atoms diffusing into the bulk of the material from subsurface defects that are generated during plasma hydrogenation process. Also, our findings show clearly that VOC values are much higher for a less doped phosphorus emitter compared to that of heavily doped. The origin of these behaviors was clarified in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

40. P3.50 Spectrum of malignancies among people living with hiv (PLHIV) in southern india

Author

Madi, D, Aliasgar, A, and Ramapuram, J

Abstract

IntroductionNon-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL), Kaposi’s sarcoma and invasive carcinoma of cervix are AIDS defining cancers (ADCs) seen in people living with HIV (PLHIV). After the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) the spectrum of malignancies has changed and the incidence of Non AIDS defining Cancers (NADCs) are increasing as PLHIV live longer.This study describes the pattern of malignancies among PLHIV attending a tertiary care HIV facility.MethodologyThis descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at Kasturba Medical College (KMC), Mangalore which is a 500 bedded tertiary care referral institution. The study was conducted among PLHIV diagnosed with malignancy between January 2005 and May 2016. Data of 33 PLHIV was collected by using a semi-structured proforma after obtaining permission from the institutional ethics committee. Data was analysed by using SPSS version 11.5 statistical software. ResultsThe mean age of our study group was 46.19±7.82 years. Majority of them 18 (54.5%) were males. In the current study 19 (57.6%) had Non AIDS defining cancers and 14 (42.4%) had AIDS defining cancers. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma 9 (27.2%), carcinoma breast 5 (15.2%), invasive carcinoma of cervix 5 (15.2%) and carcinoma of head and neck 4 (12.1%) were the major malignancies seen in our study. Carcinoma lung 3 (9.1%), Hodgkin’s lymphoma 2 (6.1%),carcinoma anal canal 2 (6.1%) and 1 case each of Acute myeloid leukaemia, carcinoma colon and Ewing’s sarcoma was seen in our study. The median CD4count at the diagnosis of malignancy was 214 IQR(159-436) cells/μl. In our study 24 (72.7%) patients were on cART at the time of diagnosis of the cancer.ConclusionIn our study the percentage of NADCs was more when compared to ADCs. Non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma was the most common cancer seen in our study population. Kaposi sarcoma was not seen in our study population confirming the fact that it is a rare malignancy among PLHIV in our country. With longer survival of PLHIV in India due to potent cART malignancy will become an important issue for HIV physicians.

Published
2017
Full Text
View/download PDF

41. Mapping subnational HIV mortality in six Latin American countries with incomplete vital registration systems

Author

Simachew Animen Bante, Carlo Eduardo Medina-Solís, Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez, Deniz Yuce, Ninuk Hariyani, Virginia Núñez-Samudio, Zhi-Jiang Zhang, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Natalie Maria Cormier, Ghulam Mustafa, Arielle Wilder Eagan, Shirin Djalalinia, Jalal Arabloo, Bay Vo, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Farahnaz Joukar, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Julia Moreira Pescarini, Getinet Kassahun, Robert Ancuceanu, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Amin Soheili, Félix Carvalho, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Aubrey J. Cook, Jasvinder A. Singh, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Sergio I. Prada, Seyedeh Zahra Masoumi, Rajesh Sagar, Emmanuel Peprah, Fenta Hun Y. Beyene, Mikhail Sergeevich Zastrozhin, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Yun Jin Kim, Maryam Adabi, Feleke Mekonnen Demeke, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Mathew M. Baumann, Bárbara Niegia Garcia de Goulart, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Nooshin Abbasi, Eyayou Girma Tadesse, Sanjay Basu, Hadi Hassankhani, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Keshab Deuba, Dilshad Manzar, Robert L. Thompson, Keivan Ahmadi, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Alessandra C. Goulart, Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez, Samata Nepal, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Gebiyaw Wudie Tsegaye, Irina Filip, Ian D. Letourneau, Ramesh Holla, Neda Kianipour, Maha El Tantawi, Lucas Earl, Paul S. F. Yip, Miguel A Barboza, Rajan Nikbakhsh, Nauman Khalid, Kimberly B. Johnson, Iván Landires, Manasi Kumar, Babak Moazen, Rohol Lah Kalhor, Dinh-Toi Chu, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Nima Rezaei, Alexandre C. Pereira, Susan F. Rumisha, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Xuefeng Liu, Feng Sha, Mahaveer Golechha, Davood Anvari, Urvish K Patel, Bing-Fang Hwang, Samath D Dharmaratne, Muhammad Aqeel, Kebede Deribe, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Lillian Mwanri, Nuruzzaman Khan, Yunquan Zhang, Paula Moraga, Ai Koyanagi, Abdallah M. Samy, Nithin Kumar, Rahul Gupta, Samad Azari, Soheil Hassanipour, Archith Boloor, Kiana Ramezanzadeh, Andrew J. Croneberger, Enrico Rubagotti, Jaykaran Charan, Khezar Hayat, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Kio Mars Sharafi, Ionut Negoi, Simon I. Hay, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Yasser Vasseghian, Yihienew M. Bezabih, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Nazir Fattahi, Adnan Kisa, Alok Atreya, Devasahayam J. Christopher, Ayenew Kassie Tesema, Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe, Jaffar Abbas, Daniel Diaz, Desta Debalkie Atnafu, Malke Asaad, Arief Hargono, Zahid A Butt, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Amir Radfar, Salman Rawaf, Vardhmaan Jain, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Krittika Bhattacharyya, João Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Behzad Karami Matin, Mohammad Rifat Haider, Emily Haeuser, S. Mohammad Sajadi, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Tomislav Mestrovic, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Arash Ziapour, Samantha Perkins, Deepa Jahagirdar, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Eduarda Fernandes, Nataliya Foigt, Audrey L. Serfes, Fissaha Tekulu Welay, Savita Lasrado, Saad M.A. Dahlawi, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Hedayat Abbastabar, Om P Kurmi, Hung Chak Ho, Faheem Hyder Pottoo, Priya Rathi, Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo, Ali Bijani, Shanshan Li, Reza Rawassizadeh, Vishnu Renjith, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Giang Thu Vu, Farah Daoud, Tudorel Andrei, Ricardo de Souza Kuchenbecker, Fakher Rahim, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin, Sezer Kisa, Rajesh Elayedath, Shafiu Mohammed, Vinod C. Nayak, Fisaha Haile Tesfay, Cuong Tat Nguyen, Masoud Foroutan, Mingyou Yang, Yousef Mohammad, Abdul-Aziz Seidu, Benjamin K. Mayala, Diego Augusto Santos Silva, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Nikha Bhardwaj, Masoud Moradi, Charles Ugochukwu Ibeneme, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Carlo La Vecchia, Tesfay B.B. Gebremariam, Ritesh G. Menezes, Olatunde Aremu, Bogdan Oancea, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Stefanie Watson, Yousef Moradi, Souranshu Chatterjee, Ugo Gori, Isabela M. Benseñor, Khem Narayan Pokhrel, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Paul Ward, Carlos A Castañeda-Orjuela, Usman Iqbal, Rekha Thapar, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Yasir Waheed, Ziad A. Memish, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Daiane Borges Machado, Shrikant Pawar, Soosanna Kumary Chattu, Sanni Yaya, Ketema Bizuwork Gebremedhin, Naohiro Yonemoto, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Marcela Agudelo-Botero, Amber Sligar, Nicole Davis Weaver, Kenji Shibuya, Claudiu Herteliu, Andreea Mirica, André Karch, Asif Hanif, Atif Amin Baig, Salah Eddin Karimi, Gulfaraz Khan, David Laith Rawaf, Andrew T Olagunju, Chuanhua Yu, Darshan B B, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Takeshi Fukumoto, Neeraj Bedi, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Deepak Madi, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Masood Ali Shaikh, Juwel Rana, Tanuj Kanchan, Mohamed M. Gad, Syed Amir Gilani, Victor Adekanmbi, Mu'awiyyah Babale Sufiyan, Harish Chander Gugnani, Tadele G. Adal, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Leila R Kalankesh, Gbenga A. Kayode, Bach Xuan Tran, Ana Isabel Ribeiro, Basavaprabhu Achappa, Andem Effiong, André Faro, Javad Nazari, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Soewarta Kosen, Vahid Alipour, Sowmya J. Rao, Rosario Cárdenas, Milena Ilic, Ravi Prakash Jha, Zebenay Workneh Bitew, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Dian Kusuma, Yum Ing Guo, Mowafa Househ, Arya Haj-Mirzaian, Krista M. Steuben, Hadush Negash, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Irena Ilic, Laura Dwyer-Lindgren, Godfrey Mutashambara Rwegerera, Florian Fischer, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Kate E. LeGrand, Ravishankar Nagaraja, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Mark Drew Crosland Guimarães, Kewal Krishan, Maryam Zamanian, Paul H. Lee, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Aziz Sheikh, Marwa Rashad Salem, Michael A. Cork, Francesco Saverio Violante, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Liliana Preotescu, Somayeh Bohlouli, Aziz Rezapour, Ana Melisa Pardo-Montaño, Huong Lan Thi Nguyen, Khaled Khatab, Teklehaimanot Gereziher Haile, Mohammad Ali Moni, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Leonardo Roever, Carlos Magis-Rodriguez, Andre R. Brunoni, Nathaniel J. Henry, Brijesh Sathian, Bingyu Li, Maciej Banach, Hasan Yusefzadeh, Nikita Otstavnov, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Fernando de la Hoz, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Jae Il Shin, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Yuan-Pang Wang, Felix Akpojene Ogbo, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Vaman Kulkarni, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, Sait Mentes Birlik, Maarten J. Postma, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Walter Mendoza, Yanzhong Wang, Maryam Keramati, Mahesh P A, Ali H. Mokdad, Muhammad Naveed, Nitin Joseph, Ronny Westerman, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Cork M.A., Henry N.J., Watson S., Croneberger A.J., Baumann M., Letourneau I.D., Yang M., Serfes A.L., Abbas J., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abreu L.G., Abu-Gharbieh E., Achappa B., Adabi M., Adal T.G., Adegbosin A.E., Adekanmbi V., Adetokunboh O.O., Agudelo-Botero M., Ahinkorah B.O., Ahmadi K., Ahmed M.B., Alhassan R.K., Alipour V., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alvis-Guzman N., Ancuceanu R., Andrei T., Anvari D., Aqeel M., Arabloo J., Aremu O., Asaad M., Atnafu D.D., Atreya A., Quintanilla B.P.A., Azari S., B D.B., Baig A.A., Banach M., Bante S.A., Barboza M.A., Basu S., Bedi N., Ramirez D.F.B., Bensenor I.M., Beyene F.-H.Y., Bezabih Y.M., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Birlik S.M., Bitew Z.W., Bohlouli S., Boloor A., Brunoni A.R., Butt Z.A., Cardenas R., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Casta-neda-orjuela C.A., Charan J., Chatterjee S., Chattu V.K., Chattu S.K., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Cook A.J., Cormier N.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Daoud F., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Weaver N.D., De la Hoz F.P., Demeke F.M., Denova-Gutierrez E., Deribe K., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Diaz D., Djalalinia S., Duraes A.R., Eagan A.W., Earl L., Effiong A., Zaki M.E.S., Tantawi M.E., Elayedath R., El-Jaafary S.I., Faraon E.J.A., Faro A., Fattahi N., Fauk N.K., Fernandes E., Filip I., Fischer F., Foigt N.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gebremariam T.B.B., Gebremed-Hin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Golechha M., Gori U., Goulart A.C., Goulart B.N.G., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes M.D.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y.-I., Gupta R., Haeuser E., Haider M.R., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hanif A., Hargono A., Hariyani N., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Herteliu C., Ho H.C., Holla R., Hosseinzadeh M., Househ M., Hwang B.-F., Ibeneme C.U., Ibitoye S.E., Ile-Sanmi O.S., Ilic M.D., Ilic I.M., Iqbal U., Jahagir-Dar D., Jain V., Jakovljevic M., Jha R.P., Johnson K.B., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R.-L., Kanchan T., Matin B.K., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kassahun G., Kayode G.A., Karyani A.K., Keramati M., Khalid N., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khan M.N.N., Khatab K., Kianipour N., Kim Y.J., Kisa S., Kisa A., Kosen S., Laxminarayana S.L.K., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Defo B.K., Kuchenbecker R.S., Kulkarni V., Kumar N., Kumar M., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., Vecchia C.L., Lal D.K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lee P.H., Legrand K.E., Li B., Li S., Liu X., Amin H.I.M., Machado D.B., Madi D., Magis-Rodriguez C., Malta D.C., Mansournia M.A., Manzar M.D., Arnedo C.A.M., Martins-Melo F.R., Masoumi S.Z., Mayala B.K., Medina-Solis C.E., Memish Z.A., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mestrovic T., Mirica A., Moazen B., Mohammad Y., Mezerji N.M.G., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Mokdad A.H., Moni M.A., Moradi M., Moradi Y., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Khaneghah A.M.-S., Mustafa G., Mwanri L., Nagaraja R., Nagarajan A.J., Naim-Zada M.D., Nascimento B.R., Naveed D.M., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Negash H., Negoi I., Nepal S., Nguefack-Tsague G., Nguyen C.T., Nguyen H.L.T., Nikbakhsh R., Noubiap J.J., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ogbo F.A., Olagunju A.T., Otstav-Nov N., A M.P., Padubidri J.R., Pandi-Perumal S.R., Pardo-Montano A.M., Patel U.K., Pawar S., Peprah E.K., Pereira A., Perkins S., Pescarini J.M., Pokhrel K.N., Postma M.J., Pot-Too F.H., Prada S.I., Preotescu L., Pribadi D.R.A., Radfar A., Rahim F., Rahman M.H.U., Rahmani A.M., Ramezanzadeh K., Rana J., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rathi P., Rawaf S., Rawaf D.L., Rawassizadeh R., Renjith V., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A.I., Roever L., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sagar R., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Samy A.M., Sarmiento-Suarez R., Sathian B., Schaeffer L.E., Schneider I.J.C., Seidu A.-A., Sha F., Shaikh M.A., Sharafi K.-M., Sheikh A., Shibuya K., Shin J.I., Silva D.A.S., Singh J.A., Skryabin V.Y., Skryabina A.A., Sligar A., Soheili A., Steuben K.M., Sufiyan M.B., Tadesse E.G., Tesema A.K.T., Tesfay F.H., Thapar R., Thompson R.L., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Tsegaye G.W., Umeokonkwo C.D., Unnikrish-Nan B., Vasseghian Y., Violante F.S., Vo B., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wang Y.-P., Wang Y., Ward P., Welay F.T., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N.D., Yaya S., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yuce D., Yusefzadeh H., Zamanian M., Zastroz-Hin M.S., Zhang Z.-J., Zhang Y., Ziapour A., Hay S.I., Dwyer-Lindgren L., Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, Clinicum, HUS Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cork, Michael A, Henry, Nathaniel J, Watson, Stefanie, Croneberger, Andrew J, Ahmed, Muktar B, Dwyer-Lindgren, Laura, Instituto de Saúde Pública da Universidade do Porto, and Collaborators, Local Burden of Disease HIV

Subjects
Male, Latin Americans, lcsh:Medicine, LOW-INCOME, HIV Infections, HIV mortality, HIV/AIDS, Latin America, Mapping, Small area estimation, Spatial statistics, Vital registration, Vital registrations, 0302 clinical medicine, ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Registries, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, media_common, Mortality rate, 1. No poverty, DEATH, Regression analysis, General Medicine, Middle Aged, BRAZIL, Local Burden of Disease HIV Collaborators, 3. Good health, AIDS, SEX, A990 Medicine and Dentistry not elsewhere classified, Female, HEALTH, 0305 other medical science, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Inequality, Adolescent, media_common.quotation_subject, TUBERCULOSIS, Small area estimations, 03 medical and health sciences, Medicine, General & Internal, Sex Factors, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), HIV mortalities, General & Internal Medicine, Humans, Aged, Science & Technology, 030505 public health, business.industry, Public health, lcsh:R, Ecological study, HIV, Bayes Theorem, GLOBAL BURDEN, medicine.disease, TRENDS, Vital Statistics, Spatial statistic, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Human medicine, business, Demography
Abstract

Background Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains a public health priority in Latin America. While the burden of HIV is historically concentrated in urban areas and high-risk groups, subnational estimates that cover multiple countries and years are missing. This paucity is partially due to incomplete vital registration (VR) systems and statistical challenges related to estimating mortality rates in areas with low numbers of HIV deaths. In this analysis, we address this gap and provide novel estimates of the HIV mortality rate and the number of HIV deaths by age group, sex, and municipality in Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, and Mexico. Methods We performed an ecological study using VR data ranging from 2000 to 2017, dependent on individual country data availability. We modeled HIV mortality using a Bayesian spatially explicit mixed-effects regression model that incorporates prior information on VR completeness. We calibrated our results to the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Results All countries displayed over a 40-fold difference in HIV mortality between municipalities with the highest and lowest age-standardized HIV mortality rate in the last year of study for men, and over a 20-fold difference for women. Despite decreases in national HIV mortality in all countries—apart from Ecuador—across the period of study, we found broad variation in relative changes in HIV mortality at the municipality level and increasing relative inequality over time in all countries. In all six countries included in this analysis, 50% or more HIV deaths were concentrated in fewer than 10% of municipalities in the latest year of study. In addition, national age patterns reflected shifts in mortality to older age groups—the median age group among decedents ranged from 30 to 45 years of age at the municipality level in Brazil, Colombia, and Mexico in 2017. Conclusions Our subnational estimates of HIV mortality revealed significant spatial variation and diverging local trends in HIV mortality over time and by age. This analysis provides a framework for incorporating data and uncertainty from incomplete VR systems and can help guide more geographically precise public health intervention to support HIV-related care and reduce HIV-related deaths.

Published
2021

42. Outlooks on using a mobile health intervention for supportive pain management for children and adolescents with cancer: a qualitative study.

Author

Madi D, Abi Abdallah Doumit M, Hallal M, and Moubarak MM

Abstract

Background: Considerable improvements in the prognosis of pediatric cancer patients have been achieved over recent decades due to advances in treatment. Nevertheless, as the most common and distressing health issue for pediatrics with cancer, cancer-related pain is still a significant hurdle that impedes patients' journey to recovery, compromises their quality of life, and delays the positive outcome and effectiveness of their treatments., Purpose: Taking into consideration that acceptability studies are imperative for the design, evaluation, and implementation of healthcare interventions, this study aims to explore pediatric oncology patients' readiness to use a mobile health application that emphasizes social assistance and peer support in addition to conventional pain management methods., Design and Methods: This study followed the Qualitative description approach. Twelve participants were chosen based on purposive sampling and maximum variation sampling. Interviews were analyzed using the conventional content analysis., Results: Analysis of the interviews revealed four major categories: (A) The need for connectedness; (B) An innovative way to connect yet fearful; (C) A 3D approach; (D) Fears of the unfamiliar., Conclusions: This study is the first in Lebanon and the region to undertake an initiative towards introducing technology for pain assessment and management of children with cancer through a dedicated digital platform. The study results attested to the acceptability and potential utilization of this platform by children with cancer., Practice Implications: Nurses need to be trained to play an essential role in teaching children with cancer about the significance of social support and assisting them to establish their social support network. Children with cancer are encouraged to voice out their need for help. Our proposed application can create an enabling environment to harness the power of social support and provide children with cancer the opportunity to connect on a deeper level in a supportive and pity-free space., (© 2023. BioMed Central Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

43. A Primary Mediastinal Monophasic Spindle-Cell Synovial Sarcoma with Superior Venacaval Obstruction.

Author

Madi D, Dsouza NV, Manoj MA, Achappa B, and Boussios S

Abstract

Primary mediastinal sarcoma is a rare tumour that usually presents with nonspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, dyspnoea, and chest pain. Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is an extremely uncommon complication that is caused by the compression, invasion, and thrombosis of the SVC or brachiocephalic veins. SVC syndrome can present as asymptomatic cases or as rare life-threatening emergencies with upper airway obstruction and increased intracranial pressure. This report describes the case of a 58-year-old female who presented with swelling of the face, neck, and upper limbs associated with dyspnoea on exertion. The radiological investigations revealed a large well-defined central necrotic peripherally enhancing lesion in the superior mediastinum extending anteriorly with the compression of brachiocephalic veins. A histopathological examination detected spindle cells arranged in fascicles with nuclear atypia with immunohistochemistry positive for creatine kinase (CK), smooth muscle actin (SMA), desmin and CD99. These findings established the diagnosis of a mediastinal monophasic synovial sarcoma with SVC obstruction. The patient was initiated on palliative radiotherapy for the management of the SVC, followed by systemic biological treatment with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor pazopanib, and was clinically improved. It is essential to promptly diagnose and treat this condition, especially when SVC syndrome manifests.

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

44. Early diagnostic markers in predicting the severity of dengue disease.

Author

Moras E, Achappa B, Murlimanju BV, Raj GMN, Holla R, Madi D, D'Souza NV, and Mahalingam S

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the serum ferritin, the biomarker of an acute phase reactant and the gall bladder wall edema, an early indicator of capillary leakage can predict the severity of dengue fever. This study included 131 patients, who were between the age group of 18-80 years. The patients presented to our department with an acute illness, within the first four days of high temperature. The statistical analysis of this study was performed by using the Chi-square and independent Student's t tests. The diagnostic markers are considered statistically significant, if the serum ferritin level is higher than 500 ng/ml and the gall bladder wall thickness is more than 3 mm. The present study observed that, 39 patients (89%) who had severe dengue ( n  = 44) revealed a significant gall bladder wall thickening, and this correlation was significant statistically ( p  < 0.000). It was also observed that, the ferritin levels have a highly significant positive correlation with the severity of dengue. The severe dengue patients had a mean ferritin level of 9125.34 μg/l, whereas the non-severe group had 4271 μg/l. This comparison was also statistically significant, as the p value was 0.003. We report that the serum ferritin levels have a highly significant positive correlation with the severity of dengue. The gall bladder wall edema during the third and fourth day of the illness was also associated with severe dengue. However, diffuse gall bladder wall thickening and high serum ferritin levels are also reported in various other conditions and their exact cause have to be determined by the correlation of associated clinical findings and imaging features., Competing Interests: Conflict of interestAll the authors of this study state that there are no conflicts of interest, associated with this manuscript., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Published
2022
Full Text
View/download PDF

45. Association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and neurocognitive function among people living with HIV-a cross sectional study in coastal South India.

Author

Ganapathy A, Achappa B, Kulkarni V, Madi D, Holla R, Bhaskaran U, Rathi P, Mahalingam S, and Dsouza NV

Subjects
Aging, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Humans, India epidemiology, Cognition, HIV Infections complications, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections epidemiology, Veterans
Abstract

Background: HIV is an infectious disease affecting 36.7 million people worldwide. In recent times, Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) has become accessible to the majority of People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and this has transformed the course of infection to one that is chronic, characterized by fewer diseases pathognomonic of AIDS. In view of this, there is a pressing need for better markers, apart from the routine HIV indicators, to detect comorbidities such as Neurocognitive Impairment (NCI). The aim of this study was to find out the association between Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) index and Neurocognitive function in HIV positive patients., Methods: In our study, we included 97 HIV positive patients and their Neurocognitive function was assessed using a combination of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Grooved Pegboard Test, while VACS index was calculated using the most recent laboratory values. Binomial Logistics Regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounding variables, was performed to determine the association between VACS score and Neurocognitive Impairment., Results: We found that a higher VACS Index was associated with global and domain-wise Neurocognitive impairment (p < 0.01), specifically in the domains of attention (p < 0.01) and fine motor skills (p = 0.01). Our study also showed that among all the VACS components, older age (p = 0.02) and lower hemoglobin (p < 0.01) values were associated with global NCI. After plotting an ROC curve, a VACS cut-off score of 11.00 was identified as it had good sensitivity (87.0%) and specificity (71.4%) in identifying Global NCI., Conclusion: Our findings extend prior research on the use of VACS Index to predict global and domain-wise NCI in HIV-positive patients. However, further research with more comprehensive neurocognitive testing is required in our setting before VACS Index can be used as a tool to screen for neurocognitive dysfunction among PLHIV., (© 2021. The Author(s).)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

46. Profile of Secondary Bacterial Respiratory Infections in H1N1 Patients Admitted in a Tertiary Care Centre - A Four-year Retrospective Study.

Author

Khan NK, Shenoy S, Madi D, and Kulkarni V

Subjects
Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Bacteria, Female, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Tertiary Care Centers, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Bacterial Infections epidemiology, Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype, Respiratory Tract Infections drug therapy, Respiratory Tract Infections epidemiology
Abstract

Background: H1N1 is known to cause periodic seasonal flu in the Indian subcontinent since 2009. The clinical course and the underlying immunity of the host contribute to the development of secondary bacterial infections in the infected patients., Objectives: This study aims to analyze the secondary bacterial infections in confirmed H1N1 cases admitted in our hospital (from 2015 to 2018) with respect to the comorbidities, complications, associated bacteria with its antibiotic susceptibility pattern, and the outcome of such episodes., Material and Methods: Data of 164 patients admitted in a tertiary care hospital with H1N1 was extracted from medical records using a semi-structured case report form. Data were entered and analyzed with SPSS version 17. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: Most patients were aged above 40 years with female preponderance. In our study, 42% of patients had comorbidities. Only 14 (8.53%) had secondary bacterial infection confirmed by culture. Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii were the most common bacteria that were isolated. They were treated based on the culture reports. There was no mortality in patients with a secondary bacterial infection., Conclusion: The early start of the antiviral agents and adherence to the antibiotic policy of the hospital contributed to lower secondary bacterial infections and zero mortality., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. SHiNeMaS: a web tool dedicated to seed lots history, phenotyping and cultural practices.

Author

De Oliveira Y, Burlot L, Dawson JC, Goldringer I, Madi D, Rivière P, Steinbach D, van Frank G, and Thomas M

Abstract

Motivation: In 2005, researchers from the French National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment (Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement, INRAE) started a collaboration with the French farmers' seed network Réseau Semences Paysannes (RSP) on bread wheat participatory breeding (PPB). The aims were: (1) to study on-farm management of crop diversity, (2) to develop population-varieties adapted to organic and low-inputs agriculture, (3) to co-develop tools and methods adapted to on-farm experiments. In this project, researchers and farmers' organizations needed to map the history and life cycle of the population-varieties using network formalism to represent relationships between seed lots. All this information had to be centralized and stored in a database., Results: We describe here SHiNeMaS (Seeds History and Network Management System) a web tool database. SHiNeMaS aims to provide useful interfaces to track seed lot history and related data (phenotyping, environment, cultural practices). Although SHiNeMaS has been developed in the context of a bread wheat participatory breeding program, the database has been designed to manage any kind and even multiple cultivated plant species. SHiNeMaS is available under Affero GPL licence and uses free technologies such as the Python language, Django framework or PostgreSQL database management system (DBMS)., Conclusion: We developed SHiNeMaS, a web tool database, dedicated to the management of the history of seed lots and related data like phenotyping, environmental information and cultural practices. SHiNeMaS has been used in production in our laboratory for 5 years and farmers' organizations facilitators manage their own information in the system., Competing Interests: Competing interestsThe authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© The Author(s) 2020.)

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

48. Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) for Multidimensional Measurement of Pain in Children and Adolescents.

Author

Madi D and Badr LK

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Culturally Competent Care methods, Culturally Competent Care standards, Female, Humans, Male, Pain Management methods, Pain Measurement methods, Psychometrics instrumentation, Psychometrics methods, Reproducibility of Results, Surveys and Questionnaires, Pain Measurement standards, Psychometrics standards, Translating
Abstract

Background: Pain is subjective and multidimensional in nature. Its assessment is very challenging especially in the pediatric population. Adequate assessment of pain in children is the keystone for effective management. Accurate and comprehensive evaluation of the child's pain experience requires the use of multidimensional pain assessment tools such as the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) which measures the intensity, location and quality of pain., Aims: The aim of this study was to translate and culturally validate the APPT for use in Lebanese children and adolescents with cancer., Methods: The instrument was translated and culturally adapted following the WHO four steps; 1) forward translation and back-translation, 2) expert panel, 3) pre-testing and 4) cognitive interviewing. The semantic validation of the pain quality descriptors was performed by healthy children and children with cancer aged 8-17 years, using the Q-sort method., Results: A final Arabic version with 31 pain descriptors equivalent to the original tool was produced based on the results from the pilot study and the children's interviews. Children were able to differentiate between the different words they use to describe their pain., Conclusion: Our results showed that the Lebanese version of the APPT is a culturally sensitive tool to assess the location, intensity and quality of pain in Lebanese children with cancer. Health professionals are encouraged to use this tool to assess the pain characteristics in Lebanese children with cancer, hence leading to effective pain management., (Copyright © 2019 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. All rights reserved.)

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

49. Comparative assessment of clinic-laboratory profile of different species of severe malaria in a tertiary care institute in southern India.

Author

Kuncheria T, Chowta NK, Madi D, Chowta MN, and Basavaprabhu A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Age Distribution, Aged, Female, Humans, Malaria complications, Malaria diagnosis, Male, Middle Aged, Plasmodium falciparum genetics, Plasmodium falciparum isolation & purification, Plasmodium vivax genetics, Plasmodium vivax isolation & purification, Prospective Studies, Tertiary Care Centers statistics & numerical data, Young Adult, Malaria parasitology, Plasmodium falciparum physiology, Plasmodium vivax physiology
Abstract

Background & Objectives: Majority of the studies on severe malaria in India have concentrated on falciparum and have been done in northern part. The objective of the study was to compare the clinical spectrum and laboratory profile among severe Plasmodium vivax, P. falciparum and mixed malaria patients admitted at a tertiary care center in southern India., Methods: This prospective, observational study was done in adult patients with severe malaria hospitalized in a tertiary care centre in southern India. Malaria was diagnosed by either quantitative buffy coat test or peripheral blood smear. In the cases of P. vivax malaria, an antigen detection test was done to rule out coexistent falciparum infection. Severe malaria was defined as per the WHO guidelines. The malaria severity score (MSS) was calculated for all patients based on the clinical features and laboratory parameters., Results: A total of 204 cases of severe malaria were studied. Among them, 105 (51.5%) had vivax infection, 30 (14.7%) had falciparum and 69 (33.8%) patients had mixed malaria. The mean age of the study population was 39.8±15.7 yr. The majority were males (71.6%). Hypotension and prostration were the most common complications noted in the patients, irrespective of species. The maximum mean MSS was found to be highest in falciparum malaria, followed by mixed malaria and vivax. In vivax malaria, majority of patients (71.4%) had one or two complications and only 28.57% of patients had three more complications, whereas in falciparum malaria, the majority (53.33%) had three or more complications. Around 44.93% of mixed infection malaria patients had three or more complications. The number of patients with multi-organ dysfunction (>2 complications) was significantly more in patients with falciparum infections compared to the remaining patients., Interpretation & Conclusion: Severe malaria in south India is predominantly due to vivax. Hypotension and prostration were the most common complication of severe malaria irrespective of the plasmodium species. The entire spectrum of severe malaria complications described for falciparum are seen in severe vivax malaria., Competing Interests: None

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

50. Synergistic role of susceptibility-weighted imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance angiography in the evaluation of acute arterial stroke.

Author

Rai SP, Sanyal P, Pai S, Achappa B, Madi D, and Mr P

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prognosis, ROC Curve, Young Adult, Arteries pathology, Brain Ischemia pathology, Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted methods, Magnetic Resonance Angiography methods, Stroke pathology
Abstract

Objective: This study was performed to investigate whether diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) are more effective than conventional imaging modalities for evaluation of stroke and selection of candidates for thrombolytic therapy., Methods: Eighty patients who presented within 12 hours of onset of symptoms of brain ischemia underwent 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging. DWI and SWI were compared with conventional sequences (T1, T2, and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery [FLAIR]) and time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (TOF-MRA) to assess factors that affect stroke management and prognosis., Results: The volume of brain tissue showing hyperintensity was significantly greater than that showing diffusion restriction in patients with a >6-hour symptom onset. The hypointensity sign (susceptibility sign) on SWI showed a sensitivity of 66.7%, specificity of 87.5%, positive predictive value of 88.9, and negative predictive value of 63.6 compared with TOF-MRA. Micro-hemorrhagic foci were significantly associated with 27-mL infarcts on DWI (sensitivity, 71.4%; specificity, 85.0%). Patients with DWI-SWI mismatch showed better responses to thrombolytics. FLAIR-DWI mismatch helped to assess the time of stroke onset., Conclusion: DWI and SWI should be part of the routine imaging protocol in patients with acute stroke and serve as a decision-making tool for selection of patients for thrombolytic therapy.

Published
2019
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results