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Discovery and development of new drugs is a long, expensive and high risk proposition. Millions of dollars spent and decade plus years of time taken to discover a new drug have haunted pharma industry for many years.In part, the reliance on animal models to make go or no go decisions for selecting drugs for human trials has been a problem because animal biology does not capture human disease in entirety. In recognition of this, the last decade has seen the emergence of more human like tools being developed in the hope of better prediction of human outcomes.Towards that end we have developed a 3D bioprinted disease in a dish lung cancer model which uses human cells and includes ability to measure drug efficacy, toxicity and metabolism simultaneously. For drug profiling studies in our disease in a dish model we 3D bioprinted intestinal cells, layered below which were liver cells and finally underneath were target lung cancer cells. The idea was to simulate the path taken by an oral drug which encounters the gut, followed by liver and target organs. We demonstrate here that a 3D bioprinted disease model composed of human derived cells is able to concurrently measure in vitro drug efficacy, toxicity and metabolism. Such humanized models will help make early go or no go decisions on the potential of a drug to enter human trials.

COVID-19 pandemic has ravaged the world and vaccines have been rapidly developed as preventive measures. But there is no target-based therapy which can be used if infection sets in. Remdesiver and dexamethasone were not designed to combat COVID-19 but are used clinically till better targeted therapies are available. Given this situation target based therapies that intervene in the disease pathway are urgently needed.Since COVID-19 genesis is driven by uncontrolled inflammation/thrombosis and protein kinases are critical in mounting this response, we explored if available tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI’s) can be used as intervention. We profiled four TKI’s namely; Lapatinib, Dasatinib, Pazopanib and Sitravatinib which inhibit tyrosine kinases but are completely distinct in their chemical structures.We demonstrate using in silico and an in vitro 3D-human vascular lung model which profiles anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombogenic properties that all four TKI’s are active in varying degrees. Our findings that chemically different TKI’s which share kinase inhibition as the common mechanism of action are active, strongly indicates that it’s a tyrosine kinase target-based activity and not off-target arbitrary effect. We propose that TKI’s, approved for human use and widely available, can be rapidly deployed as specific target-based therapy for COVID-19.