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The current work reveals the creation of Ag: CeIn2O5 (ACI NPs) metallic oxide nanoparticles using solution combustion for antibacterial research, photocatalytic degradation of a malachite green and electrochemical quantification of substances. Different analytical techniques were used to determine the chemical, physical and structural aspects of ACI NPs. The prepared ACI NPs is subjected to UV–Vis spectroscopy to evaluate the absorption and energy band gap, which was found to be 349 ​nm (λmax) and 3.5 ​eV respectively. Malachite green (5 ​ppm) elimination in the presence of UV–visible light was examined by utilising ACI NPs as a photo-catalyst. Due to improved charge separation and quick electron mobility with in the nanoparticles, the ACI NPs demonstrated a superior photocatalytic degradation efficiency (94.4%). Additionally, a functional electrode containing ACI NPs was developed by modifying a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with ACI NPs. According to electrochemical studies to quantify H2O2, which shows the linearity in peak current with concentration ranges from 2.5 to 15 ​mM. The antibacterial property of the prepared nanoparticles was characterised by comparing with the standard antibiotic streptomycin at 10 μg/disc in a dose-dependent manner (20, 25, 30, 35, 40, & 45 ​μg/mL) which exhibits the zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 19.2–32.25 ​± ​0.08 ​mm, against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in a dose-dependent method. As a result, it was established that the ACI NPs acts effectively as a multifunctional material and could be scaled up for the detection of H2O2, degradation of malachite green and possess antibacterial activity against MRSA.

This study reports the green synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles using a papaya extract by combustion method with papaya leaf extract as a fuel. Structural, physical and chemical properties of the nanoparticles were characterized using advanced spectroscopic and analytical techniques, such as X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and mapping, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis absorbance spectroscopy (UV–Vis), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Development of eco-friendly electrochemical sensor for detection of AC drug. Electrochemical assessment of drug was done using bare GCE and drop casting GCE/ZnFe₂O₄. The electrochemical study revealed that ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles facilitated electron transfer, resulting in enhanced redox peak currents and reduced peak potentials. The GCE/ZnFe₂O₄ sensor exhibited a low detection limit of 0.5274 µM and a broad linear response range from 0.1 to 40 µM. In real sample analysis, the sensor demonstrated good recovery rates, indicating its accuracy in detecting and quantifying AC in pharmaceutical samples, such as Zerodol P and Dolo drops. Additionally, the sensor displayed acceptable reproducibility, stability, selectivity, sensitivity and reliability towards AC. The study underscores the effectiveness of ZnFe₂O₄ nanoparticles in enhancing the electrochemical performance of sensors, contributing to advancements in sensor technology for pharmaceutical analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CeCuIn2O5 trimetallic oxide nanoparticles (CCI NPs) were synthesised in the current work and examined for antibacterial activity against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), photocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) and electrochemical sensing of sodium nitrite. The physicochemical characteristics of the CCI NPs were analyzed using XRD, SEM, EDX, UV-vis and DLS method which depicts the morphology, crystalline nature and particle size synthesised CCI NPs. With a linear range of 0.8-4.8mM, the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified CCI NPs demonstrated an outstanding electrochemical response for sodium nitrite (NaNO2). In addition, the synthesized CCI NPs showed high photocatalytic activities for the degradation of MG dye in water. It indicates the CCI NPs material produces hydroxyl (.OH) and superoxide (O2-) radicals for MG degradation when exposed to UV light, also showed an efficiency of 89.6% towards the degradation of Malachite Green. Carried out the dose-dependent method to the standard antibiotic streptomycin at 10 g/disc (5, 7, 15, 20, 25 & 30) with a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of 25.27-45.27±0.09 in mm CCI NPs showed excellent antibacterial activity against MRSA in a dose-dependent method. As a consequence, it was found that CCI NPs are an effective multifunctional material that can be scaled up for the quantification of NaNO2, photocatalytic dye degradation of malachite green, and antibacterial activity against MRSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates recent developments in the field of zinc oxide varistors’ development using nanocomposite materials. In addition, the materials under discussion have attracted academic and industrial interests due to their dramatic improvement in characteristics at nanofiller contents. Moreover, the varieties and forms of zinc oxide varistors, as well as the structure and properties of zinc oxide varistors, are discussed in this article. Zinc oxide varistors have traditionally been filled with synthetic or natural inorganic compounds to improve their properties or simply to save cost. In addition, this paper investigates the performance evaluation of zinc oxide varistors by incorporating alkaline-earth and rare-earth metal nanofillers. These applications require multifunctionality in a single material, which is rare in zinc oxide varistors. Zinc oxide varistors incorporating with other materials is a cost-effective technique to create multifunctional materials. The property improvement in nanocomposite systems, where the fillers typically have nanometre-scale dimensions, probably occurs with a tradeoff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein we have synthesised Gadolinium oxide doped Zinc oxide (Gd2O3@ZnO) by solution combustion method and incorporated it as a nano-filler into Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer matrix using solution intercalation technique to get PVA/Gd2O3@ZnO nanocomposite film. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy, Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to investigate the structural, morphological, glass transition temperature and optical properties of synthesized nanocomposites respectively. The optical properties of PVA/Gd2O3@ZnO film shows the interaction of –OH groups in PVA and dopant. From DSC, it is clear that Tg of prepared nano-composites increases with increasing in dopant concentration. XRD analysis showed that the crystalline characteristics of the nanocomposites increases with increase in dopant concentration. The UV–Visible spectra reveals that there is decrease in indirect band gap of PVA from 4.94 to 3.12 eV and direct band gap from 4.90 to 3.03 eV compared to pristine PVA Gd2O3@ZnO doped nanocomposite films showed multi-fold enhancement in optical characteristics such as refractive index of PVA doped nanocomposites compared pristine PVA, optical conductivity, finess coefficient, extinction coefficient on increasing in dopant concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8 wt%).The optical characteristics of PVA/Gd2O3@ZnO nanocomposite films show excellent UV-blocking behaviour suggesting that, they are promising materials for optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium ferrite compounds with two different kinds of structures have been produced by two synthesis approaches. The structural analysis is established by Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction patterns for Spinel CaFe2O4 and Brownmillerite Ca2Fe2O5. Scanning Electron Microscopy studies ascertain the morphological properties. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy deduces band stretching of tetrahedral and octahedral sites for ferrite specimens. The bandgap energies are estimated for prepared samples using Tauc relation from ultraviolet visible diffusion reflectance spectroscopy. The methylene blue dye degradation has been studied using prepared ferrite photocatalysts. Brownmillerite with high surface area is offered more sites for the adsorption process, and hence degradation rate is faster than that of Spinel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver doped aluminium oxide (AgAlO2) nanoparticles (NPs) have been synthesized by sol gel combustion method. The size and morphology of the synthesized NPs have been confirmed by high-resolution transition electron microscopy (HRTEM), and results indicate the size of the particles is around 8-14 nm with spherical in shape. A series of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanocomposites (NCs) have been fabricated with varying amounts viz., 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 wt% of AgAlO2 NPs using solvent intercalation technique. The intensity of crystalline peaks of NC films was reduced, and a slight shift in the peak position was observed in XRD profiles, which depicts the changes in microcrystalline behaviors of the NCs. The morphological behaviors of PVA/AgAlO2 films have been established by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscopy. The physical interactions between the components in NCs have been evaluated by Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy. Differential scanning calorimeter data showed a reduction in glass transition temperature (Tg) from 72 °C for PVA to 64 °C for PVA/2.5 wt% NPs. The optical constants of NCs have been evaluated from UV-Visible spectra. The obtained results reveal that band gap energy (Eg) reduces from 4.9 to 2.8 eV and refractive index increases from 1.5 to 2.4 with an increase in AgAlO2 NPs content from 0 to 2.5 wt% in PVA matrix respectively. The current-voltage (I-V) data exhibit non-ohmic behaviors at higher potential voltage region (> 6 V) for NC films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT: A series of polyurethane (PU) green composites were synthesized with varying amounts, viz. 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt% of soya protein isolate (SPI). Formation of the urethane linkage in the prepared green composites is revealed by infrared spectroscopy. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the fabricated PU/SPI composites has been evaluated by differential scanning calorimeter. Thermal stability and degradation analysis of the PU/SPI composites have been performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). TGA thermograms clearly revealed that the fabricated composites were thermally stable upto 181°C and show a three‐step of thermal degradation. The water uptake behaviors of PU/SPI systems have been studied at different chemical environments such as distilled water, salt solution, acidic and alkaline solutions. The microcrystalline parameters such as crystallite size (〈N〉) and surface weighted crystal size (Ds) have been evaluated from wide‐angle X‐ray scattering profiles using two different asymmetric distribution functions. PU/SPI green composites were subjected to biodegradation in the presence of Aspergillus niger. The structure–property response of the PU/SPI green composites has been established on the basis of these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT To know the possibility of using Indian butter tree seed waste (mahua seed cake [MSC]) as a filler in the production of value-added product such as polyurethane (PU) green composites, a series of PU composites have been fabricated with varying amounts, namely, 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10 wt%, of MSC, and their effects on the physicomechanical properties such as density, surface hardness, tensile strength, tensile modulus, and percentage elongation at break have been studied. It was found that the tensile strength of the green composites increased from 5.61 to 9.5 MPa and tensile modulus increased from 4.75 to 6.07 MPa with an increase in filler content from 2.5 to 7.5 wt%. The fabricated PU/MSC composites were characterized for structural behavior by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and for morphological behaviors by scanning electron microscopy. The chemical resistance of the green composites in different chemical environments has been investigated. The thermal stability and thermal degradation behaviors of composites were performed using thermogravimetric analysis. The microcrystalline parameters such as crystallite size (< N>) and lattice strain ( g, %) have been computed using wide-angle X-ray scattering data. Based on these parameters, the structure-property relationship of the PU/MSC green composites has been established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A series of polyurethane (PU) green composites have been synthesized with varying amounts, namely 0, 2, 4, 8, and 12 wt% of soya protein isolate (SPI) by two methods. In the first method, castor oil (CO) and toluene-2,4-diisocyanate (TDI) molar ratio is CO/TDI : 1/1 with varying amounts of the SPI content. In the second method, the molar ratio of TDI is calculated by considering the -OH groups of both CO and SPI. We made the assumption that, in the first method, SPI acts as a filler and in the second method SPI is one of the coreactants in PU formation. The mechanical properties of the fabricated PU/SPI green composites are evaluated; and it is found that the tensile strength increases up to 8 wt% of SPI, and a further increase in SPI leads to reduction in the tensile strength. The small angle x-ray scattering profiles have been used to evaluate the arrangement of amorphous (A) and crystalline (C) regions in the PU/SPI green composites in a scale of about 700 Ǻ by considering the variation in scattered intensity with scattering angles ranging from 0.3° to 1.5°. For this purpose, a linear paracrystalline model is used. In this study, the exponential distribution of phase lengths gives a good agreement between the measured and computed data on the basis of a linear paracrystal model. It is observed that there are significant changes in the distribution of phase lengths due to changes in the composition and chemical structure of PU/SPI composites obtained by methods 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT A series of castor oil (CO)-based polyurethanes (PUs) were prepared by reacting CO with toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of coconut oil (CCO). The effects of CCO content viz., 5, 10, 20, and 30 wt% on the physico-mechanical properties and chemical structure of PUs have been evaluated. The mechanical properties of the PUs indicate that the incorporation of CCO improves the tensile behaviors. The swelling behaviors of the PUs have been studied in organic solvents. The microcrystalline parameters, such as crystal size (< N>) and lattice disorder ( g), of PUs have been estimated using wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. The results of tensile behaviors were corroborated with the microcrystalline parameters of the PUs. For a holistic view of the parameters involved in these systems, we have carried out the multivarient analysis that gives a better perspective of the result. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Technol 2014, 33, 21390; View this article online at . DOI 10.1002/adv.21390 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]