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Introduction: Apocrine sweat gland carcinomas (ASGCs) are malignant neoplasms of dogs and other animals, rarely reported worldwide. The aim of this study was to summarise the occurrence of this cancer in a population of dogs in Poland between 2009 and 2014 with regards to histological features and body location of the tumours, as well as age, sex and breed of the cancer-affected dogs.

Immunohistochemical studies have become an indispensable element of establishing the correct histopathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated lesions, proving particularly suitable, and occasionally indispensable, for diagnosis of poorly differentiated neoplastic tumours. Knowledge of the mechanism of action and normal reaction of individual proteins is required in selection of the antibody pattern for a given tissue and in evaluation of the obtained results. This paper aims to promote the application of immunohistochemical techniques in routine diagnosis, especially in cases of poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumours.

The study aimed at the analysis of prevalence frequency and localisation of tumours in domestic animals. The research material comprised 4,212 tumours developed in dogs, cats, horses, and exotic animals, isolated during surgery, autopsy or biopsy, performed for the purpose of histopathological diagnosis. The most numerous group involved canine tumours, including 3,585 cases (85.1%), followed by tumours in cats (532 cases, 12.6%), ferrets (34 cases, 0.81%), rats (19 cases, 0.45%), horses (15 cases, 0.36%), and rabbits (14 cases, 0.33%). A significant increase in incidence of tumours was noted, as compared to studies performed in the same region of Poland in 1957-1995 and 2000-2004 or in 2005-2008. This was particularly evident in exotic animals, in which 80 cases (1.9%) were detected in 2009-2011 but only 20 cases (1.2%) in 2005-2008. The most frequent localisation of neoplasia involved the skin, subcutaneous tissue, and mammary gland.

Aim of the study:The attempt to limit the negative effects of polyester implants on the articular cavity by using preparations containing growth factors.Materials and Methods:Polyester implants used for the reconstruction of a rabbit’s cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) were saturated with autogenic platelet-rich plasma (PRP), antlerogenic stem cells MIC-1 and their homogenate prior to the surgery. Six months after CCL reconstruction, morphological, and biochemical blood tests were carried out, including proteinogram and acute phase proteins. The knee joints were also examined macro- and microscopically.Results:The results, compared to the control group, showed a favorable effect of the PRP and homogenate of antlerogenic cells on limiting the inflammation caused by the presence of polyester implant in the knee joint. The addition of growth factors caused covering the implant faster with the recipient’s connective tissue, thus contributing to reducing the inflammatory reaction of the articular capsule to the presence of polyester. At the same time, no enhanced local or general reaction of the rabbit organism was observed to the presence of xenogenic antlerogenic stem cells MIC-1 homogenate which, like the PRP, may provide an easily available source of growth factors, increasingly often used in regenerative medicine.Conclusions:Applying antlerogenic stem cells, their homogenate or PRP increases the volume of connective tissue that surrounds and intertwines polyester CCL implant, separating it from synovial cavity environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the study was to demonstrate the immunohistochemical expression of proteins that affect the metastatic potential of a tumour, including matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and E-cadherin. Another objective was to determine their correlation with the expression of the Ki-67 antigen in metastasizing and non-metastasizing mammary carcinomas in female dogs. The study was conducted on 32 canine mammary carcinomas (12 metastatic and 20 non-metastatic), classified as simple tubular and tubulopapillary carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of MMP-2, E-cadherin and Ki-67 antigen. Results: MMP-2 was expressed in 85 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in all the metastatic tumours, while E-cadherin was expressed in 85 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in 66 % of the metastatic tumours. The Ki-67 antigen was expressed in 65 % of the non-metastatic tumours and in 91 % of the metastatic tumours. The mean Ki-67 expression was slightly higher in tumours that had metastasized (1.5 ± 0.90 vs 1.1 ± 0.94; p = 0.22). A similar relationship was found in terms of the intensity of the MMP-2 expression (2.9 ± 1.9 vs 2.7 ± 2.4; p = 0.50). A decrease in the expression of E-cadherin (2.8 ± 2.5) was found in metastatic tumours compared to the expression in non-metastatic tumours (3.2 ± 2.3). However, these differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.63). Conclusion: We did not show significant differences in MMP-2, E-cadherin and Ki-67 expression between metastatic and non-metastatic tumours due to low number of cases studied, however further experiments are necessary to assess the role of these antigens in the process of canine mammary tumours metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antitumor, antimetastatic, and antiangiogenic effects of genistein alone, cyclophosphamide alone, and combined therapy with both agents in mice transplanted with B16F-10 melanoma and. Lewis lung cancer (LL2) cells were studied. An influence of the route of tumor cells inoculation on antitumor and antimetastatic effects of these therapeutics was evaluated. The antitumor effect of genistein in mice given B16F-10 cells intradermically and in mice given LL2 cells subcutaneously was observed. In addition, the antimetastatic effect (reduction of number of lung colonies) of genistein in mice inoculated intravenously with B16F-10 cells and in mice inoculated either intravenously or subcutaneously with LL2 cells was observed. No life span prolongation of mice injected intraperitoneally with B16F-10 cells was observed, either after treatment with genistein alone or with cyclophosphamide alone. A synergistic effect of both agents in combined treatment was observed when B16F-10 cells were injected intraperitoneally, intravenously, and intradermically and in a weaker manner when LL2 cells were injected subcutaneously. When LL2 cells were injected intravenously, no additive effect of genistein and cyclophosphamide could be detected. In conclusion, we described experimental mouse tumor models in which the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of genistein alone, cyclophosphamide alone, and genistein and cyclophosphamide combined were dependent on the route of tumor cells implantation. In addition, we applied our own new method allowing quantification of the volume of blood present in tumor tissue, thus the intensity of tumor angiogenesis. In mice bearing transplantable Lewis lung cancer the additive antiangiogenic but not cytostatic effect of genistein combined with cyclophosphamide was observed: treatment with genistein alone reduced tumor blood supply in 35% (tumor weight in 36%), cyclophosphamide alone reduced tumor blood supply in 38% (tumor weight in 70%), and both compounds reduced tumor blood supply in 61% (tumor weight in 75%). In the B16 melanoma model the respective values were 60% and 44% for genistein, 83% and 79% for cyclophosphamide, and 76% and 74% for combined treatment. These results indicate a higher antiangiogenic than cytostatic effect of genistein in both mouse tumor models.

Introduction. The steady increase of dogs with diagnosed testicular neoplasms observed in recent years prompted us to carry out immunohistochemical (IHC) studies for their better characterization. The aim of the study was to analyze most common canine testicular neoplasms (seminomas, Leydig cell and Sertoli cell tumors) with selected IHC markers and to compare the expressions of these proteins in corresponding canine and human testicular tumors. Material and methods. Studies were carried out on testicular canine tumors: 40 cases of seminoma, 40 cases of Leydig cell tumor and 40 cases of Sertoli cell tumor. Moreover, 15 cases of human seminomas and 5 cases of human Leydig cell tumors were also analyzed. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin sections by standard technique using monoclonal anti-human antibodies against E-cadherin, inhibin-α, calretinin and Ki-67. The slides were subjected to computer-aided image analysis and the intensity of the immunoreactivity was assessed by a semi-quantitative scoring system. Results. Due to the very low prevalence of the Sertoli cell-derived tumors in the human population, we were able to examine the markers' expression only in the canine gonadal tumors. We revealed that, apart from E-cadherin in Leydig cell tumors and calretinin in seminomas, the expression of all the analyzed markers in canine and human testicular tumors was similar. E.g. there was no immunoexpression of inhibin-α in 75% of canine and 100% of human cases of seminoma. The immunoreactivity of Ki-67 was intense in 40% of canine and 60% of human seminomas. Immunoexpression of inhibin-α in Leydig cell tumor was intense in 70% of canine and 100% of human cases, respectively. Also the immunoreactivity of calretinin was intense in 75% of cases of canine and 100% of human Leydig cell tumors. In 50% of canine and 40% of human Leydig cell tumors, the immunoexpression of Ki-67 was weak. Conclusions. The applied anti-human monoclonal antibodies against common antigens and markers of human testicular neoplasms could be routinely used for the immunohistochemical evaluation of canine testicular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In progression of tumours, resulting from, i.e., release of cells from the parental tumour and development of metastases, expression of cell adhesion molecules (CAM) plays a significant role. CAM, including E-cadherin and the linked to it β-catenin, determine the extent of adhesion between normal and neoplastically altered cells. Moreover, the unbound form of β-catenin in a cell nucleus may affect the rate of cell proliferation This study aimed at demonstrating intensity and localisation of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression as related to expression of the proliferation-associated antigen, Ki-67 in mammary adenocarcinomas of bitches. The study was performed on 35 cases of the above mentioned tumours. On paraffin sections immunohistochemical reactions were performed using monoclonal antibodies directed against E-cadherin, β-catenin and Ki-67 antigen. In the studies a membranous expression of E-cadherin, a cytoplasmic-nuclear expression of β-catenin and nuclear expression of Ki-67 antigen were demonstrated. Statistical calculations using Spearman's test demonstrated a pronounced positive correlation between expression of β-catenin and Ki-67 antigen and absence of correlation between expression of E-cadherin and Ki-67 antigen. No correlation could be detected between expression intensities of E-cadherin and β-catenin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]