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Research Areas: Microbiology ABSTRACT - The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) is one of the most endangered felid species in the world. Conservation efforts have increased its population size and distribution and reinforced their genetic diversity through captive breeding and reintroduction programmes. Among several threats that the Iberian lynx faces, infectious and parasitic diseases have underlined effects on the health of their newly reintroduced populations, being essential to identify the primary sources of these agents and assess populations health status. To achieve this, 79 fresh faecal samples from Iberian lynx and sympatric mesocarnivores were collected in the reintroduction area of Extremadura, Spain. Samples were submitted to copromicroscopic analyses to assess parasite diversity, prevalence, and mean intensity of parasite burden. Overall, 19 (24.1%, ±15.1–35.0) samples were positive for at least one enteric parasite species. Parasite diversity and prevalence were higher in the Iberian lynx (43.8%) compared with the others mesocarnivores under study (e.g., the red fox Vulpes vulpes and the Egyptian mongoose Herpestes ichneumon). Ancylostomatidae and Toxocara cati were the most prevalent (15.6%) parasites. Obtained results revealed that Iberian lynx role as predator control might have reduced parasite cross-transmission between this felid and mesocarnivores due to their decreasing abundances. Surveillance programs must include regular monitoring of this endangered felid, comprising mesocarnivores, but also domestic/feral and wild cat communities. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mini-FLOTAC is emerging as a more sensitive and accurate tool to identify gastrointestinal parasites in faecal samples from domestic animals, in comparison with the McMaster method. However, research regarding its specific application in poultry samples, particularly from free-range chickens, is scarce. The current research aimed to test the use of Mini-FLOTAC for the identification of Eimeria spp. in free-range chickens and compare its results with McMaster. For this study, 40 faecal samples were collected from free-range chickens in a poultry farm located in North-Western Lisbon (Portugal). Each sample was processed with McMaster and Mini-FLOTAC techniques for the detection and count of coccidian Eimeria spp. oocysts. The resulting OPG (oocysts per gram of faeces) data obtained by the two techniques were compared using the Wilcoxon Test and correlated with the Spearman Test, and Mini-FLOTAC’s relative sensitivity was assessed, using a significance level of p

In free-range broiler production, animals are highly exposed to gastrointestinal parasitism, namely by coccidia, due to their long contact with the outdoor environment. Also, the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in extensive poultry production, is frequently influenced by biotic and abiotic factors. The current national pioneer long-term survey aimed to assess the prevalence and faecal shedding of Eimeria spp. oocysts in a traditional Portuguese free-range broiler farm, on different production conditions. Between July 2018 and March 2019, a total of 350 faecal samples were collected from different groups of free-range broilers at the fattening phase, in a poultry farm located in North-western Lisbon district, Portugal. Quantitative and qualitative coprological techniques were performed, aiming to quantify the Eimeria spp. prevalence and faecal shedding level. Coccidia prevalence was higher in Summer and Autumn groups (72% and 80%, respectively), although faecal shedding levels were higher in the Autumn and Winter groups (1191 and 1562 Oocysts Per Gram, OPG). Animals showed clinical signs of coccidiosis during the survey, especially in Autumn’s 1st sampling, in which 42% of the faecal samples had blood. The lack of sanitary depopulations, length of the fattening phase (1 month), short pre-patent period of coccidia, exposure to different environmental conditions and irregular drug treatments with amprolium, were key factors responsible for the different parasitic scenarios observed during this survey. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Resumen del póster presentado a la Joint Virtual Conference of the WDA and EWDA, celebrada del 31 de agosto al 2 de septiembre de 2021., The incidence and the range of tick-borne diseases is increasing worldwide, affecting wild and domestic animals, and humans. This work aims to evaluate the prevalence of tick-borne pathogens, in particular, bacteria belonging to genus Anaplasma and protists to order Piroplasmida and know the presence of animal co-infection by both pathogens and how they could be shared between wildlife and domestic animals. To achieve this proposal, the study included ticks collected from wild animals, such as red deer (Cervus elaphus), mouflons (Ovis musimon) and fallow deer (Dama dama) from two regions (Cáceres and Badajoz) of Spain near the border with Portugal, and blood samples collected from domestic hosts, sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus), from regions in Portoalegre (Portugal) close to the border with Spain, originating from farms with various production systems and breeds. The identification and characterization at species level was carried out by molecular diagnosis and phylogenetic analysis of obtained sequences to reach a consensus. A total of 290 blood samples from 180 sheep and 110 goats, and 178 Hyalomma lusitanicum ticks collected from red deer, mouflons and fallow deer were analysed. Samples were tested with different primer sets. Anaplasma identification and characterization was analysed using 16SrRNA and molecular markers for specific genes, and Piroplasmida identification was carried out targeting 18SrRNA gene. The results showed a coinfection prevalence of 11% in domestic animals and 14% in ticks collected from wildlife. Some of the tick-borne pathogen species detected in co-infection were present in both domestic and ticks from wild animals. Findings indicate the presence of these zoonotic pathogens both in the domestic and wild host sampled, and the sharing among them possibly due to vectors such as ticks. The results show new genetic variants, so suitable surveillance and further analyses of other hosts and areas are required.

A investigação em sanidade animal realizada a nível nacional em sistemas extensivos de produção de frango é essencial, atendendo à frequente longa exposição dos animais ao ambiente exterior e aos parasitas que o contaminam. Estudos parasitológicos são extremamente relevantes de forma a conhecer quais as espécies parasitárias mais prevalentes e ajudar os produtores a definirem melhores medidas profiláticas. Esta pesquisa procurou identificar os parasitas gastrointestinais associados a este tipo de produção aviária e ocorreu numa exploração agropecuária localizada na extremidade noroeste do distrito de Lisboa, onde foram avaliados Frangos do Campo através de amostragem fecal aos 75 e 85 dias de idade. O parasitismo gastrointestinal foi analisado através de métodos coprológicos qualitativos, quantitativos e coproculturas para obtenção de oocistos esporulados e larvas L3 de nematodes estrongilídeos. Na 1ª amostragem, a prevalência de Eimeria spp. totalizou 40,0%, sendo Eimeria mitis (13,3%) e E. maxima (11,7%) as mais prevalentes, tendo-se identificado também ovos de Capillaria sp., (1,7 % de prevalência). Nas coproculturas de oocistos, esporularam as seguintes espécies: E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. praecox, E. maxima, E. acervulina e E. tenella. Na 2ª amostragem, as coccídeas continuaram a ser o grupo mais prevalente, 90,0% de amostras positivas com oito espécies identificadas, sendo de novo E. mitis a espécie mais frequente (41,7%), seguida por E. acervulina (26,7%) e E. tenella (25%). Foram também observados ovos de Heterakis sp. (3,33%) e novamente de Capillaria sp. (10,0%) A carga parasitária fecal de oocistos na 1ª e 2ª amostragens foi de 370,8 ± 2055,3 OoPG e 599,2 ± 1289,2 OoPG, respetivamente, verificando-se um aumento superior a 60% do valor médio deste parâmetro parasitológico da 1ª para a 2ª colheita. O crescimento da erva, a idade e densidade animal, bem como o tempo de exposição a parasitas com períodos pré-patentes curtos, constituíram fatores chave para o aumento da prevalência de oocistos de Eimeria spp. e ovos de helmintes entre as duas amostragens, em particular de espécies com reconhecida patogenicidade. Isto permite-nos concluir que no final da fase de engorda, as cargas parasitárias são as mais elevadas detetadas neste sistema de produção de Frango do Campo, podendo desencadear patologia associada e interferir com a sua performance produtiva. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Dog parks represent a recent trend in western countries, enabling owners to spend quality time with their pets in a controlled environment. Despite their growing popularity, few studies have been performed to date on these parks to investigate dog intestinal parasitic infections and soil contamination. The present study examined 369 faecal and 18 soil samples collected from 3 dog parks in Greater Lisbon, Portugal. Additionally, 102 interviews were performed with dog owners to assess dog-walking behaviours and parasite risk. In total, 33% of the faecal dog samples were infected with at least one parasitic agent: hookworms (16.5%), Cryptosporidium spp. (11.9%), Giardia spp. (11.4%), Toxascaris leonina (1.1%), Cystoisospora spp. (1.1%), Toxocara spp. (0.5%), and Sarcocystis sp. (0.3%). The soil of all the parks was contaminated with hookworm eggs. This is the first study performed in a European urban area to assess canine faecal contamination and parasitic agents in dog parks. Our results highlight the potential of these parks as a source of transmission for canine parasites, including some with zoonotic potential. Public awareness and effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimise the health-risk impact to both animals and humans, under the scope of environmental and public health.