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This introduction to aquaponic planting techniques aims to provide examples of the application of advanced and sustainable agricultural technology to the people in Kayangan village, Kayangan sub-district, North Lombok district (KLU). This activity was carried out from December 2022 to February 2023 at the Bagek Kembar hamlet, Kayangan. The fish used were 60 days old fish seeds with a size of 10 cm x 5 cm which were reared in a 4x3 m tarpaulin container. The plant growth media used is in the form of used foam taken from one of the residents' houses with a size of 5 cm. Placement of the planting media uses used plastic cups and used bottles as containers for placing plastic cups. The vegetables used in making this aquaponics are mustard greens, lettuce and pakcoy. The nutrients used to support plant growth are in the form of fish manure and some additional organic nutrients which are made independently using organic waste from the kitchen. The results of using aquaponic technology as a cultivation technology show that the plants grow but the leaves of the plants turn yellow and the fish in the pond can grow large.

Permasalahan sampah sudah menjadi masalah di seluruh penjuru dari kota hingga ke desa. Jenis sampah meliputi sampah rumah tangga sampah domestik dan sampah hewan ternak. Sampah yang dihasilkan setiap hari menghasilkan tumpukan sampah sehingga menjadi masalah kompleks dengan banyaknya sampah yang dihasilkan jika tanpa dilakukan pengolahan. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan tentang manajemen budidaya cacing African Night Crawder (ANC) dengan memanfaatkan sampah rumah tangga, dan limbah ternak sebagai sebagai sumber pakannya. Target dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah ibu-ibu anggota kelompok tani Patuh Karya agar dapat memanfaatkan limbah sebagai sumber pakan untuk pemeliharaan/budidaya cacing sekaligus dapat meningkatkan penghasilan warga. Hasil budidaya cacing dapat dijual sebagai bahan pembuat pelet, sebagai bahan dasar untuk obat tradisional. Kotoran cacing dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik. Metode yang dilakukan dalam pengabdian ini adalah dengan cara memberikan sosialisasi pelatihan tata cara pemeliharaan, cara pembuatan pakan dan pembelian sarana untuk budidaya cacing ANC bagi peserta sosialisasi. Target dalam pengabdian ini adalah satu unit budidaya pengelolaan cacing ANC bagi ibu-ibu anggota kelompok tani Patuh Karya yang akan digunakan sebagai pola percontohan bagi warga masyarakat atau ibu rumah tangga lainnya. Kegiatan pengabdian ini diharapkan dapat menciptakan lapangan kerja dan meningkatkan pendapatan bagi anggota kelompok tani Patuh Karya, serta mampu mengurangi jumlah volume sampah rumah tangga dan sampah ternak.

Chicken manure waste is one of the main problems for large-scale broiler cultivation, especially in areas close to residential areas. The accumulation of manure that accumulates under the cage attracts the arrival and development of the flies in the cultivation site. The development of these flies will spread to the houses of residents who live around the cage. As a result, many farmers stop cultivating the broilers because of public complaints. To overcome this problem, the use of probiotics from acetic acid-producing bacteria can be used to reduce the development of flies because of the ability of the bacteria to reduce the pH of the media and create an uncomfortable environment for egg growth. Likewise, the development of maggot can be a competing medium that beats the flay. In community service activities regarding "The use of probiotics and maggot production to reduce flies in the Muara Selayar broiler farm, Pijot Village, Keruak District, East Lombok Regency". Through this activity, the development of flies can be emphasized by the use of probiotics and the development of magot which can be used as chicken feed.

Cattle fattening using Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala) as the source or the main component of the cattle’s diets is one of the proven innovations that can provide financial benefit to cattle farmers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the adoption of Leucaena-based cattle fattening and identify the factors contributing to the adoption and diffusion of these improved practices. A mixed method approach was used to understand the adoption of Leucaena and cattle management by local farmers who participated in the early stage (2017) and those who participated in the later stages of the project (2018–2020). The study showed that male Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) that were fed Leucaena-based diets grew two times faster than cattle fattened on grasses. This increased live weight gain and, subsequently, faster sales and increased profits. This may account for the rapid adoption and diffusion of Leucaena-based cattle fattening in Dompu through farmer-to-farmer learning, effective facilitation, demonstration trials, and linking farmers to end markets. To sustain the practice change, the project facilitated the development of an agribusiness support center (ASC). Sustaining the ASC requires further efforts that include internalization of the project outcome into the local government program.

Kemajuan dunia industri menuntut pekerjaan agar dapat dilakukan lebih mudah cepat dan efisien. Satu prinsip yang harus dibangun untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut adalah memananamkan budaya kerja. Budaya kerja yang banyak diaplikasikan di dunia yaitu 5R (Ringkas, Rapi, Resik, Rawat dan Rajin). Budaya kerja /Sistem 5R menjadi sangat perlu untuk menghindari ketidakteraturan penempatan tools dan sarana lain di tempat kerja, khususnya industri. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang pengetahuan 5R terhadap seluruh karyawan di PT Narmada. PT Narmada merupakan salah satu industri menengah di provinsi Nusa Tengara Barat (NTB) yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan dalam bentuk sosialisasi dengan partisipan sejumlah 484 orang karyawan. Indikator keberhasilan dari kegiatan ini adalah evaluasi yang diberikan sebelum sosialisasi dalam bentuk pretest dan setelah sosialisasi dalam bentuk post test. Indikator pemahaman digunakan nilai post test minimal 60. Hasil evaluasi post test diketahui bahwa sebaran soliasisasi adalah 100 % karyawan sudah memperoleh sosialisasi dan berdasarkan nilai post test diperoleh pemahaman adalah 90 % dengan nilai diatas 60. Hasil evaluasi bahwa dari 484 karyawan yang mengikuti sosialisasi tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman karyawan terhadap program 5R meningkat sebesar 70% dari 20% ke 90%.

Latar Belakang: Biji pepaya telah digunakan sebagai antelmintik pada ternak. Teh biji pepaya memiliki aktivitas antiparamphistomum secara in vitro melalui metode adult mortality assay. Karakterisasi teh biji pepaya perlu dilakukan untuk menjamin mutu produk teh yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik fisik dan metabolit sekunder teh biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.). Metode: Kandungan senyawa teh biji pepaya dikarakteristisasi melalui skrining fitokimia. Evaluasi fisik teh biji pepaya meliputi organoleptik, pengukuran pH, penentuan bobot jenis, variasi bobot, dan kadar air. Hasil Penelitian: Teh biji pepaya memiliki rasa pahit, aroma khas, dan berwarna kuning bening, dengan pH 5.61, kadar air 6,876%, bobot jenis 1,000431887 g/ml, dan pada variasi bobo tidak ada bobot yang melebihi 12% limit variasi. Teh biji pepaya mengandung flavonoid dan steroid/triterpenoid. Kesimpulan: Teh biji pepaya memenuhi standar mutu teh. Teh biji pepaya mengandung flavonoid dan steroid/triterpenoid.

In most tropical countries, such as Indonesia, fasciolosis is generally caused by Fasciola gigantica known as tropical liver fluke. However, most fasciolosis serodiagnostic tests have been developed solely for diagnosing fasciolosis caused by Fasciola hepatica (non-tropical liver fluke), and very few have been specifically designed for F. gigantica. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of antigenic proteins from the somatic extract of F. gigantica isolated from Bali cattle (Bos javanicus). The liver flukes were collected from a slaughtering house in Mataram, Indonesia. The somatic extracts were prepared by homogenizing in buffers containing 0.05 M NaCl, 0.02 M PMSF, and 0.05% Triton X-100. The characterization of the somatic extract proteins was performed using one-dimension gel electrophoresis and followed by Western blotting to determine the profile of its antigenic proteins. There were 14 bands of the somatic extracts with an estimated molecular weight ranging from 8 to105 8 kDa shown on the gel electrophoresis. The results of the Western blot show that there were five prominent protein bands. Three out of five prominent antigenic proteins with molecular weights of 8, 27, and 33 kDa are promising to enrich the existence of antigens that have immunodiagnostic value for fasciolosis. Therefore, further studies are required to examine more deeply the potency of those three antigenic somatic proteins of F. gigantica.

Rabies is one of strategic infectious animal diseases that attacks the central nervous system. Rabies is very widespread and is found in nearly 150 countries and regions on all continents, except Antarctica. Although West Nusa Tenggara is one of the nine provinces in Indonesia that is free of rabies, the number of dog bite victims reported on the island of Sumbawa with 32 samples of rabies-carrying animal brains identified as positive in early 2019 indicates the need to increase awareness of rabies transmission to Lombok Island. Increasing public knowledge which includes parents and students at primary school, elementary school and high school about rabies through surveys, counseling and demonstration is one of the efforts to prevent and control rabies. The results showed that the extension activities were able to increase participants' knowledge. High school students had the best level of knowledge (97.5% ± 2.08) when compared to the elementary school participants (93% ± 3.56) and elderly respondents (88.75% ± 4.79) of all indicators of knowledge about rabies. The combination of extension activities with hands-on practice has had a positive effect on increasing public knowledge about rabies

Beef cattle raising in Lombok Island mostly uses collective cages where the level of its implementation has not been optimal yet as expected. This study aims to determine a strategy for raising beef cattle based on collective cages on smallholder farms in Lombok Island based on their sustainability status. The research has been conducted with a survey method to collect primary data from December 2018-March 2019. The method used to determine the sustainability status is Multidimensional Scaling with the Rapid Appraisal Beef Cattle Smallholder approach. There are six dimensions studied that include hygienic aspects of collective cages, management of cages, animal health, feed management, drinking water management, socio-economic and cultural related aspects. The development strategy formulation was carried out by analyzing the sensitive attributes of the six dimensions, which were the top priority based on the root mean square value. The results showed that there were 28 sensitive attributes with a prospective assessment by experts 10 critical factors for the success of beef cattle development were determined. In conclusion, there are four strategies for developing beef cattle based on collective cages on smallholder farms in Lombok Island; those were improved collective cage health management; increasing productivity, efficiency, and income of beef cattle farmers based on the existing collective cages; increasing access to information, technology, capital and cattle marketing and increasing the role of government, business, and other stakeholders.

Diabetes Melitus (DM) merupakan penyakit yang berhubungan dengan sindrom yang memiliki ciri meningkatnya kadar glukosa darah atau dikenal dengan istilah hiperglikemia.Kondisi hiperglikemia ini dapat terjadi akibat gangguan sekresi, kerja insulin, atau oleh keduanya. Penyakit kronis seperti DM sangat rentan terhadap gangguan fungsi yang bisa menyebabkan kegagalan padaorgan mata,ginjal,saraf, jantung dan pembuluh darah. Kolestrol adalah suatu molekul atau komponen lemak di dalam sel. Lemak merupakan slah satu zat gizi yang sangat diperlukan oleh tubuh.lemak merupakan sumber energi yang memberikan kalori paling tinggi tetapi bila terdapat kadar kolestrol yang tinggi (hiperkolestrol) dapat menimbulkan resiko yang tinggi. Pemeriksaan kesehatan (screning) kesehatan) belum menjadi kebiasaan masayakat pada umumnya, hal ini disebabkan karena kurangnya pengetahuan masyakat tentang screening kesehatan ataupun penyakit degeneratif dan kurangnya biaya dalam masyakat untuk melakukan pemeriksaan kesehatan secara rutin. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada saat pemeriksaan dilakukan di Bawaq Bageq Utara kelurahan Dasan Agung kecamatan Selaparang kota Mataram Jumlah responden yang datang sebanyak 37 orang warga. Hasil pemeriksaan diperoleh hasil warga yang hipertensi 56,7% (21 orang) dan 43.2% (16 orang ) mempunyai kadar kolesterol di atas normal dan membutuhkan pengobatan.

Pemerintah provinsi NTB pada bulan Maret 2020 menyatakan bahwa penyebaran virus Corona telah sampai ke wilayah NTB. Salah satu upaya dalam pencegahan penyebaran virus Corona masuk ke dalam tubuh kita adalah dengan menjaga kebersihan diri dengan menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) dan dengan mencuci tangan dengan baik menggunakan sabun maupun cairan antiseptik. Praktik PHBS terutama di tempat kerja yang melibatkan banyak orang berkumpul sangat perlu untuk diterapkan. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah untuk membentuk pemahaman masyarakat terutama para karyawan di tempat kerja yaitu di PT. Narmada Awet Muda sebagai salah satu industri Air Minum Dalam Kemasan (AMDK) terhadap penyebaran virus dan pencegahannya terutama virus Corona. Kegiatan pengabdian dilakukan dengan metoda ceramah, diskusi serta demonstrasi dan diikuti oleh sekitar 200 karyawan pabrik PT. Narmada Awet Muda. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan pemahaman karyawan meningkat (80.8%) terhadap PHBS dan cara cuci tangan yang baik sebagai upaya pencegahan penularan virus Corona.

There is a desire to increase cattle production on Sumbawa Island but anecdotal reports from farmers indicate that calf mortality can be high. The aim of this paper is to report the occurrence and common causes of calf mortality, as well as to determine if colostral antibody transfer is sufficient in new-born calves. Personal interviews were conducted with 27 farmers. Immunoglobulins were measured in neonatal calves (n=18) using the FASTest IgG Bovine kit. The presence of various pathogens was investigated in fecal samples from calves (n=12) with signs of diarrhea between 1-2 months of age using the FASTest D4T bovine kit and the presence of gastrointestinal parasites was investigated using fecal floatation from pre-weaned calves (3 weeks-3 months of age; n=62). From the questionnaire calf losses ranged from 10–27%, with most losses occurring in older calves. Only one of the 18 calves demonstrated an insufficient concentration of IgG in serum, indicating the possibility of failure of passive transfer from the dam. Of the samples tested from scouring calves, 7 out of 12 samples tested positive for one of the microorganisms causing general diarrhoea in calves. A range of different gastrointestinal nematode parasites were found although very few coccidial oocysts were seen. The results of these studies indicate that calf mortality is high and will be a limitation on the production of beef cattle for slaughter in the Dompu region of Sumbawa Island. Further investigation is required to determine which pathogens are the cause of this calf loss.

Tryphan blue comes from toluidine which is one of the bases of toluene isomer which has a natural pigment content of anthsiasin. Tryphan blue is commonly used for cell counting and for the calculation of tissue viability in laboratory mice. Basically the use of tryphan blue is dangerous for laboratory workers because it has a carcinogenic effect, mutagenesis, so other materials are needed especially safer and harmless natural materials. This study aims to compare the quality of teak leaf dye extract as a natural dye on the calculation of the number and viability of culture cells compared to tryphan blue dye. The study used the Complete Randomized Design (RAL) method with three treatment factors (96% ethanol, 14% citric acid, and Phospat Buffer Saline (PBS)) and observations of 5 replays be used for the calculation of the number and viability of spleen cells in the 1st, 10th, 20th, and 30th minutes with tryphan blue as a positive control. The results showed that the quality of teak leaf dye with ethanol solvent 96% viability does not differ materially, provides good color quality and obtained the same viability time as tryphan blue.

The purpose of this study was to determine endoparasitic infestation on Buffaloes in Praya Barat district, Central Lombok. Stools samples were taken from 61 buffaloes from 5 villages and examined at Banyumulek Animal Health Laboratory of Animal Husbandry and Animal Health Service of NTB Province using the floating and sedimentation methods to perceive the presence of parasitic eggs. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results show that from 61 fecal samples analyzed, 20 samples (32.7%) were positively infected with endoparasites with a single type of infection and multi-species infection. A total of 13 samples (21.3%) were infected with Nematodes, 2 samples (3.27%) were infected with Cestode, 2 samples (3.27%) were infected with Trematode and 11 samples (18.03%) were infected with Protozoa. The degree of endoparasitic infection in buffaloes in West Praya district is included in the category of mild infection. Endoparasites that infect buffaloes in Praya Barat are coming from family Toxocaridae, Trichostrongylidae, Cooperidae, Anoplocephalidae, Strongylidae, Strongyloididae, Chabertidae, Fasciolidae and Eimeriidae. The highest prevalence for worm parasite was Toxocaridae with the percentage of 11.46%, whilst for the protozoa was the family of Eimeriidae accounted for 18.01%.

The major limiting factor in immunodiagnostic development for Fasciolosis detection is the absence of specific, monoclonal or polyclonal, antibodies against Fasciola antigens specifically Fasciola gigantica, which is the main species responsible for Fasciolosis in ruminants in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to produce polyclonal antibody against excretory/secretory (ES) product of F. gigantica Lombok isolate using rabbit. Four months old rabbits were immunized subcutaneously with 0.5ml (300µg/ml) of the ES product emulsified with 0.5ml Freund’s complete adjuvant and then Freund’s incomplete adjuvant. Serum antibodies were harvested after two-times booster at 1-month interval and determined using enzyme linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. Immunization results evaluated by ELISA show that rabbits can be used as a bioreactor to produce ES antibodies. The anti-ES antibody response could be detected 4 weeks post- immunization, followed by increased humoral response of rabbit after first booster. The optical density (OD450nm) value in the ELISA increased from 0.4 before immunization to 1.184 and 1.392 depending on the type of blocking agent used. The Western blotting results confirm that the ES protein bands were only recognized by rabbit serum samples post-immunization and thus confirmed the ELISA test result.

Vaccine research entered a new era when several useful molecular research tools were established. Instead of attenuated virulent microorganisms or killed virulent microorganisms, effective subunit vaccines were developed using recombinant DNA technology. By using the technology, selected genes of the virulent microorganisms can be amplified, cloned, expressed, and evaluated as vaccine components in challenge studies. However, a major bottleneck with the amplification of functional genes from Mycobacterium tubeculosis containing guanine plus cytosin-rich templates is often hampered by the formation of secondary structures like hairpins and higher melting temperatures. To solve this problem in this research, the amplification reaction was modified by addition of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) into amplification reaction mixtures. It was found that 10% (v/v) of DMSO in the reaction mixture improved the amplification of GC-rich template of M. tuberculosis gene. This result indicating that amplification of unbalanced content of G and C deoxyribonucleotides genome could be improved using low-cost organic molecule, DMSO. Therefore, the DMSO should be widely useful as an enhancer to improve the amplification of GC rich construct from other genome. Keywords: Mycobacterium tubeculosis,vaccine, dimethyl sulfoxide, Guanine-Cytosine

Fasciola gigantica diagnosis usually performed by detection of worm eggs presence in the feces,but this conventional method has many disadvantages. Early diagnosis (early detection) cannot be performed in conventional methods because the worms in the host's body began to lay eggs at the age of 8–12 weeks of patency. The current detection method that is based on antibody­antigen reactions using excreted/secreted (ES) liquid by adult F. gigantica, is believed to be used for the early detection of fasciolosis. This study aimed to characterize the antigenic components of F. gigantica extretory/secretory products that could be used as a vaccine candidate development for early fasciolosis diagnostics. ES products were separated by PEG4000 at various concentrations (8%, 16%, 24%), then precipitates (pellets) obtained were dialyzed and characterized using SDS­PAGE and Western blotting. Results from SDSPAGE showed that there were 18 proteins bands with 7–70 kDa molecular weights. Western blotting on pellets derived from PEG separation at various concentrations affirmed that the proteins of 50, 25 and 20 kDa were antigenic at 8% PEG concentration, the 25 kDa and 50 kDa were antigenic at 16% PEG concentrations and the 25 kDa was antigenic at 25% PEG concentration

To date, there are very few studies have been carried out on the effect of parasite infection on Bali cattle, and more importantly, there is no published data on the epidemiology of worm infections on Bali cattle in the island of Sumbawa, Indonesia. This research aimed to undertake a preliminary study on gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic infection on Bali cattle raised under semi-intensive farming system in five different sites in district of Dompu, Sumbawa island. Fecal samples of 76 Bali cattle, from three farmer groups namely site number 1, 4 and 5, were collected, processed and examined under a microscope, with 100x magnification, for egg fecal counting or oocyst fecal counting using the modified McMaster technique. The number of eggs/oocysts observed was then determined and identified. The results show that the eggs/oocysts ranged from 50-14800. The types of GI parasites identified were Strongyloides sp, Strongyle sp, Toxocara sp, Trichuris sp, and Coccidia. Coccidia oocyst is a type of parasite which was found with the highest percentage of 23.68% followed by Strongyle sp. (18.42%) and Toxocara sp. (10.52%). The overall prevalence of GI parasitic infection in cattle accounted for 43.42%. Young calves (0-3 months old) was more susceptible to GI parasitic infection among other age groups. This preliminary data could be used as a basic data on gastrointestinal parasitic infection in Dompu district. These results may also indicate the need to develop control strategies aiming at lowering the gastrointestinal parasitism.

Investation of Fasciola sp. On several species of cattle in Indonesia has occurred since a long time ago. Fasciolosis caused a high economical loss such as decreasing of carcass and organs, sometimes caused death of calves. The objectives of the research were to evaluate the effect of fasciolosis on Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), and the obstruction of bile duct by Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) in Bali cattle suffered from fasciolosis. Faeces of Bali cattle raised in endemic areas of fasciolosis were examinated by sedimentation test to identify eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) of Fasciola sp. The blood samples of cattle which positive to fasciolosis were use to study the hematology by autoanalyser, SGPT and ALP. The results of research showed that from 89 cattle, 28 were infected by Fasciola sp. whithin of 7-115 EPG (min-max). From 20 fasciolosis cattle were indicated that MCHC of 90%, RBC of 30%, HB of 20%, and eosinophils of 2 % of cattle were lower than that of normal standard, while lymphocytes of 60%, MCV of 40%, ALP of 10% and SGPT of 5% of cattle were higher than that of normal standard. hematological appearances of cattle suffered from fasciolosis had macrocytichypochromic anemia, eosinopenia, and lymphocytosis. The increase of SGPT may be caused byhepatic cells destruction by young liver flukes, and the increase of ALP was caused by the obstruction of bile duct by mature liver flukes.

One hundred sixteen rats (Rattus rattus) captured in Indonesia from 2011 to 2012 were investigated for the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV)-specific antibodies and HEV RNA. Using an ELISA based on HEV genotype 4 with an ad hoc cutoff value of 0.500, 18.1 % of the rats tested positive for anti-HEV IgG. By nested RT-PCR, 14.7 % of the rats had rat HEV RNA, and none were positive for HEV genotype 1-4. A high HEV prevalence among rats was associated with lower sanitary conditions in areas with a high population density. Sixteen of the 17 HEV isolates obtained from infected rats showed >93.0 % nucleotide sequence identity within the 840-nucleotide ORF1-ORF2 sequence and were most closely related to a Vietnamese strain (85.9-87.9 % identity), while the remaining isolate differed from known rat HEV strains by 18.8-23.3 % and may belong to a novel lineage of rat HEV. These results suggest a wide distribution of rat HEV with divergent genomes.