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3. Prevalence of Cefixime-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Melbourne, Australia, 2021–2022.

Author

Chow, Eric P F, Stevens, Kerrie, Petra, Vesna De, Chen, Marcus Y, Bradshaw, Catriona S, Sherry, Norelle L, Barbee, Lindley A, Vodstrcil, Lenka A, Aguirre, Ivette, Seib, Kate L, Maddaford, Kate, Williamson, Deborah A, Howden, Benjamin P, and Fairley, Christopher K

Subjects
NEISSERIA gonorrhoeae, GONORRHEA, DRUG resistance in microorganisms, MEDICAL centers, SEXUAL health
Abstract

While ceftriaxone remains the first-line treatment for gonorrhea, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended cefixime as a second-line treatment in 2021. We tested 1176 Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates among clients attending the Melbourne Sexual Health Centre in 2021 and 2022. The prevalence of cefixime resistance was 6.3% (74/1176), azithromycin resistance was 4.9% (58/1176), and ceftriaxone resistance was 0% (0/1176). Cefixime resistance was highest among women (16.4%, 10/61), followed by men who have sex with women (6.4%, 7/109) and men who have sex with men (5.8%, 57/982). The prevalence of cefixime-resistant N gonorrhoeae exceeds the threshold of the 5% resistance level recommended by the World Health Organization; thus, cefixime treatment would have limited benefits in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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8. Antiseptic mouthwash for gonorrhoea prevention (OMEGA): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, multicentre trial

Author

Chow, Eric P F, Williamson, Deborah A, Hocking, Jane S, Law, Matthew G, Maddaford, Kate, Bradshaw, Catriona S, McNulty, Anna, Templeton, David J, Moore, Richard, Murray, Gerald L, Danielewski, Jennifer A, Wigan, Rebecca, Chen, Marcus Y, Guy, Rebecca J, Zhang, Lei, Donovan, Basil, Grulich, Andrew E, Kaldor, John M, Whiley, David M, Cornelisse, Vincent J, Howden, Benjamin P, Lewis, David A, Read, Tim R H, and Fairley, Christopher K

Published
2021
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16. Understanding Risk Factors for Oropharyngeal Gonorrhea Among Sex Workers Attending Sexual Health Clinics in 2 Australian Cities: Mixed Methods Study (Preprint)

Author

Phillips, Tiffany R, primary, Fairley, Christopher K, additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, McNulty, Anna, additional, Donovan, Basil, additional, Guy, Rebecca, additional, McIver, Ruthy, additional, Wigan, Rebecca, additional, Varma, Rick, additional, Ong, Jason J, additional, Callander, Denton, additional, Skelsey, Gabrielle, additional, Pony, Mish, additional, O'Hara, Dylan, additional, Bilardi, Jade E, additional, and Chow, Eric PF, additional

Published
2023
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18. Mpox knowledge, vaccination and intention to reduce sexual risk practices among men who have sex with men and transgender people in response to the 2022 mpox outbreak: a cross-sectional study in Victoria, Australia.

Author

Chow, Eric P. F., Samra, Ranjit S., Bradshaw, Catriona S., Chen, Marcus Y., Williamson, Deborah A., Towns, Janet M., Maddaford, Kate, Mercury, Finn, and Fairley, Christopher K.

Abstract

Background: The first mpox case was reported in May 2022 in Australia. Most cases have been diagnosed in men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to examine community understanding of mpox, attitudes towards vaccination, and potential changes in sexual practices surrounding the mpox outbreak among MSM and transgender people in Victoria, Australia. Methods: Participants were recruited from sexual health clinics and communities in Victoria, Australia, in August–October 2022. Participants were asked about their understanding and knowledge of mpox, vaccination uptake and intentions to change sexual practices. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine the factors associated with mpox vaccine uptake. Results: Most participants (97.8%, 525/537) had heard about mpox and 10.5% (55/525) knew someone who had had mpox. Of the 12 mpox knowledge questions, the median score of correct answers was 10 (IQR = 8–11) out of a maximum of 12. More than a third (36.6%, 191/522) had been vaccinated against mpox. MSM who had a good knowledge of mpox had the highest odds of receiving mpox vaccine compared with those who had poor knowledge (aOR = 4.05; 95% CI: 1.54–10.61). To prevent mpox, half reported they would reduce having sex with casual partners, stop having chemsex (used drugs for the purpose of sex), stop attending sex-on-premises-venues, and stop having group sex. A quarter reported they would increase condom use for anal sex. Conclusions: One-third of high-risk participants and a substantial proportion of participants intended to reduce or stop certain practices, which may explain the large reduction in mpox cases. We conducted a cross-sectional survey among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men and transgender people across Victoria in Australia to understand community understanding of mpox, attitudes towards vaccination, and potential changes in sexual practices due to the mpox outbreak. Most people were willing to reduce or stop high-risk sexual practices to prevent mpox. Individuals who were at higher risk of acquiring mpox were likely to have received their mpox vaccine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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19. Adherence to weekly anal self-examination among men who have sex with men for detection of anal syphilis

Author

Aung, Ei T., Fairley, Christopher K., Ong, Jason J., Phillips, Tiffany P., Tran, Julien, Chen, Marcus Y., Maddaford, Kate, and Chow, Eric P. F.

Subjects
General Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) practicing exclusively receptive anal sex are more likely to present with secondary than primary syphilis, implying primary anorectal lesions may be missed. If men could detect anorectal lesions by regular anal self-examination, the duration of infectiousness could be reduced. This study aimed to examine adherence to weekly anal self-examination.MethodWe conducted a longitudinal feasibility study examining the adherence to weekly anal self-examinations among MSM attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia between December 2020 and June 2021. Adherence to weekly anal self-examinations over 12 weeks was assessed from a logbook and 4-weekly surveys. Participants who identified abnormalities in their anus were recommended to seek medical review.ResultsOf the 30 men who completed the study, anal self-examination was performed at least weekly for 308 of 360 person-weeks (86% of the weeks, 95% CI: 82–89). The mean adherence was 3.6 (95% CI: 3.3–3.9) examinations per 4-weeks per person in Weeks 1–4, 3.5 (95% CI: 3.1–3.8) in Weeks 5–8 and 3.3 (95% CI: 2.9–3.7) in Weeks 9–12 (Ptrend = 0.06). Six men (20%, 6/30) were seen for medical review after they identified abnormalities, whilst eight men (27%, 8/30) reported abnormalities, but did not seek medical review. No participants were diagnosed with syphilis during the study period.ConclusionWe conclude that men adhered well to weekly anal self-examination. Therefore, it is feasible to trial this as a routine practice among MSM. Future studies should investigate possible reductions in adherence over time and ways to increase medical review for abnormalities that men find.

Published
2022
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20. The acceptability and usability of two HIV self‐test kits among men who have sex with men: a randomised crossover trial

Author

Lee, Dana YL, primary, Ong, Jason J, additional, Smith, Kirsty, additional, Jamil, Muhammad S, additional, McIver, Ruthy, additional, Wigan, Rebecca, additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, McNulty, Anna, additional, Kaldor, John M, additional, Fairley, Christopher K, additional, Bavinton, Benjamin, additional, Chen, Marcus, additional, Chow, Eric PF, additional, Grulich, Andrew E, additional, Holt, Martin, additional, Conway, Damian P, additional, Stoove, Mark, additional, Wand, Handan, additional, and Guy, Rebecca J, additional

Published
2022
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22. Inhibitory Activity of Antibacterial Mouthwashes and Antiseptic Substances against Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Author

Williams, Eloise, primary, Zhang, Bowen, additional, Chow, Eric P. F., additional, Chea, Socheata, additional, Phillips, Tiffany R., additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, Krysiak, Marcelina, additional, Nong, Yi, additional, Stefanatos, Helen, additional, Pasricha, Shivani, additional, Fairley, Christopher K., additional, and Wiliamson, Deborah A., additional

Published
2022
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28. Additional file 1 of Newly arrived Asian-born gay men in Australia: exploring men���s HIV knowledge, attitudes, prevention strategies and facilitators toward safer sexual practices

Author

Phillips, Tiffany R., Medland, Nicholas, Chow, Eric P. F., Maddaford, Kate, Wigan, Rebecca, Fairley, Christopher K., Bilardi, Jade E., and Ong, Jason J.

Subjects
virus diseases
Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. Example quotes of participants��� fear of HIV and the impact a HIV diagnosis would have on their lives.

Published
2022
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29. Sexual activities and condom use among heterosexual men and women engaged in mixed-gender group sex events in Melbourne, Australia.

Author

Lew, Chen, Fairley, Christopher K., Tran, Julien, Phillips, Tiffany R., Ong, Jason J., Aung, Ei T., Maddaford, Kate, Bradshaw, Catriona S., Chen, Marcus Y., and Chow, Eric P. F.

Abstract

Background: Few studies investigate group sex among heterosexuals. The aim of this study was to provide an exploration of characteristics and practices among heterosexual men and women who engage in group sex.Method: We conducted a cross-sectional survey between May 2019 and March 2020 among heterosexual men and women attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia. Participants were asked whether they had participated in group sex (sex involving more than two participants) in the past 3months, the size of the most recent event, sexual activities in which they engaged, and condom use.Results: Of 3277 heterosexuals surveyed (1509 women and 1768 men), the mean age was 29.9years (s.d. 8.8) and more than half (56.0%, n=1834) were born outside Australia. One in 20 participants (5.4%) had engaged in group sex in the past 3months with the number of events ranging 1-10times. Kissing was the most common activity in group sex, and women were significantly more likely to kiss a same-sex partner than men. Overall, of 165 participants who engaged in vaginal sex, 57 (34.5%) reported always using condoms and changing condoms between consecutive partners. Of the 100 men and women who had condomless vaginal sex, 79 (79.0%) received or performed fellatio after condomless vaginal sex.Conclusion: About two-thirds of heterosexuals who engaged in group sex neither used condoms nor changed condoms between partners in the most recent group sex event. Safe sex messages on changing condoms between partners and between sexual activities should be reinforced for sexually transmitted infections prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Nonclassical Pathogens as Causative Agents of Proctitis in Men who Have Sex With Men

Author

Chow, Eric P F, primary, Lee, Darren, additional, Bond, Stephanie, additional, Fairley, Christopher K, additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, Wigan, Rebecca, additional, Fehler, Glenda, additional, Lange, Sigrid A, additional, De Petra, Vesna, additional, Bissessor, Melanie, additional, Bradshaw, Catriona S, additional, Howden, Benjamin P, additional, Hocking, Jane S, additional, Williamson, Deborah A, additional, and Chen, Marcus Y, additional

Published
2021
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42. “Moving from one environment to another, it doesn’t automatically change everything”. Exploring the transnational experience of Asian-born gay and bisexual men who have sex with men newly arrived in Australia

Author

Phillips, Tiffany R., primary, Medland, Nicholas, additional, Chow, Eric P. F., additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, Wigan, Rebecca, additional, Fairley, Christopher K., additional, Ong, Jason J., additional, and Bilardi, Jade E., additional

Published
2020
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47. Pooling Pharyngeal, Anorectal, and Urogenital Samples for Screening Asymptomatic Men Who Have Sex with Men for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Author

Durukan, Duygu, primary, Read, Tim R. H., additional, Bradshaw, Catriona S., additional, Fairley, Christopher K., additional, Williamson, Deborah A., additional, De Petra, Vesna, additional, Maddaford, Kate, additional, Wigan, Rebecca, additional, Chen, Marcus Y., additional, Tran, Anne, additional, and Chow, Eric P. F., additional

Published
2020
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48. The acceptability and usability of two HIVself‐test kits among men who have sex with men: a randomised crossover trial

Author

Lee, Dana YL, Ong, Jason J, Smith, Kirsty, Jamil, Muhammad S, McIver, Ruthy, Wigan, Rebecca, Maddaford, Kate, McNulty, Anna, Kaldor, John M, Fairley, Christopher K, Bavinton, Benjamin, Chen, Marcus, Chow, Eric PF, Grulich, Andrew E, Holt, Martin, Conway, Damian P, Stoove, Mark, Wand, Handan, and Guy, Rebecca J

Abstract

To compare the usability and acceptability of oral fluid‐ and blood‐based HIV self‐test kits among men who have sex with men in Australia. Randomised crossover trial. Gay, bisexual, and other men aged 18 years or older who have sex with men, who attended two metropolitan sexual health clinics in Sydney and Melbourne, 7 January – 10 December 2019. Ease of use of HIV self‐test kits; preferred HIV self‐test type; difficulties encountered during HIV self‐testing. 170 men were recruited (median age, 34 years; interquartile range, 29–43 years); 144 identified as gay (85%), 96 were born outside Australia (57%). Participants were more likely to report the oral fluid HIV self‐test was easy to use than the blood‐based self‐test (oral fluid, 99%; blood, 86%; odds ratio [OR], 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–6.6). The oral fluid test was preferred by 98 participants (58%; 95% CI, 50–65%), the blood‐based test by 69 (41%; 95% CI, 33–48%). Difficulties with the oral fluid test kit identified by observing nurses included problems placing the buffer solution into the stand (40 of 170 participants, 24%) and not swabbing both gums (23 of 169, 14%); difficulties with the blood‐based test kit included problems filling the device test channel (69 of 170, 41%) and squeezing the finger firmly enough to generate a blood drop (42 of 170, 25%). No participant received an invalid result with the oral fluid self‐test; two of 162 participants (1%) received invalid results with the blood self‐test. After adjusting for age, education level, and ethnic background, characteristics associated with higher odds of using HIV self‐testing in the future were overseas birth (adjusted OR, 3.07; 95% CI, 1.42–6.64), and self‐evaluated ease of use and confidence in using the kits. It is important to provide options for obtaining both oral fluid‐ and blood‐based HIV self‐tests. The usability and acceptability of both kits were high, but the ease of use and perceived accuracy influenced test kit preference.

Published
2022
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49. Incidence and duration of incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia infections among men who have sex with men: prospective cohort study.

Author

Chow, Eric P. F., Vodstrcil, Lenka A., Williamson, Deborah A., Maddaford, Kate, Hocking, Jane S., Ashcroft, Melinda, De Petra, Vesna, Bradshaw, Catriona S., and Fairley, Christopher K.

Abstract

Objectives: This prospective cohort study aimed to determine the natural history and incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia among a cohort of men who have sex with men (MSM) over a 12-week period, and to examine risk factors associated with incident oropharyngeal infections.Methods: MSM either aged ≥18 years and had a diagnosis of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea by nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) in the past 3 months or aged 18-35 years who were HIV-negative taking pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) were eligible for this study. Enrolled men were followed up for 12 weeks. Oropharyngeal swabs were collected at week 0 (baseline) and week 12 (end of study). Between these time points, weekly saliva specimens and the number of tongue kissing, penile-oral and insertive rimming partners were collected by post. Oropharyngeal swabs and saliva specimens were tested by NAAT for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis. Poisson regression was performed to examine the risk factors (weekly number of partners) associated with incident oropharyngeal gonorrhoea.Results: A total of 100 MSM were recruited. The incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and chlamydia was 62 (95% CI 37 to 105) and 9 (95% CI 2 to 35)/100 person-years, respectively. The median duration of incident oropharyngeal infection with gonorrhoea was 28 days (IQR=21-36, n=7). The incidence rate ratio (IRR) for oropharyngeal gonorrhoea increased with an increased number of kissing partners (IRR=1.08; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.12) an increased number of penile-oral sex partners (IRR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.14) but not with an increased number of insertive rimming partners (IRR=1.11, 95% CI 0.96 to 1.29) or other demographic factors. The IRR and duration of incident oropharyngeal chlamydia were not calculated due to the small number of cases (n=2).Conclusions: MSM have a high incidence of oropharyngeal gonorrhoea and the median duration of infection was less than 3 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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