38 results on '"Madari, Beata Emoke"'
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2. Studies from global regions indicate promising avenues for maintaining and increasing soil organic carbon stocks
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Rumpel, Cornelia, Amiraslani, Farshad, Bossio, Deborah, Chenu, Claire, Cardenas, Magali Garcia, Henry, Beverley, Espinoza, Alejandro Fuentes, Koutika., Lydie-Stella, Ladha, Jagdish, Madari, Beata Emoke, Minasny, Budiman, Olaleye, Adesola Ola, Sall, Saidou Nourou, Shirato, Yasuhito, Soussana, Jean-Francois, and Varela-Ortega, Consuelo
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Environmental Sciences ,Soil Sciences ,Ecology - Published
- 2023
3. Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in Savanah agrosystems
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Filho, Elias Gomes de Oliveira, Medeiros, Joao Carlos, Rosa, Jaqueline Dalla, de Souza, Henrique Antunes, Deon, Diana Signor, and Madari, Beata Emoke
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- 2020
4. Effect of pyrolysis temperature on physicochemical properties of biochars made from two different bamboo species
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Maia, Claudia Maria Branco de Freitas, primary, Baratto, Ricardo Luis, additional, Guiotoku, Marcela, additional, Siqueira, Franciely Cristina de Jesus, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, and Leal, Wesley Gabriel de Oliveira, additional
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- 2023
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5. Nitrous Oxide Emissions and Ammonia Volatilization from Pasture after Cattle Dung and Urine Applications in the Dry and Rainy Seasons of the Brazilian Cerrado
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Ramos, Maria Lucrecia Gerosa, primary, da Costa, Adriana Rodolfo, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Carvalho, Glaucilene Duarte, additional, Pereira, Ana Claudia de Castro, additional, Corrêa, Rubia Santos, additional, de Sousa, Thais Rodrigues, additional, and de Carvalho, Arminda Moreira, additional
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- 2024
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6. Carbon estimation in an integrated crop-livestock system with imaging sensors aboard unmanned aerial platforms
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de Lima, Gabriella Santos Arruda, Ferreira, Manuel Eduardo, Madari, Beata Emoke, and Carvalho, Márcia Thaís de Melo
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- 2022
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7. Predicting silicon, aluminum, and iron oxides contents in soil using computer vision and infrared
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de Oliveira Morais, Pedro Augusto, de Souza, Diego Mendes, Madari, Beata Emoke, and de Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana
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- 2021
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8. A computer-assisted soil texture analysis using digitally scanned images
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de Oliveira Morais, Pedro Augusto, de Souza, Diego Mendes, Madari, Beata Emoke, and de Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana
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- 2020
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9. Using image analysis to estimate the soil organic carbon content
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de Oliveira Morais, Pedro Augusto, de Souza, Diego Mendes, Madari, Beata Emoke, Soares, Anderson da Silva, and de Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana
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- 2019
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10. Predicting soil texture using image analysis
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Morais, Pedro Augusto de Oliveira, Souza, Diego Mendes de, Carvalho, Márcia Thaís de Melo, Madari, Beata Emoke, and de Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana
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- 2019
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11. Carbon-optimised land management strategies for southern Amazonia
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Gerold, Gerhard, Couto, Eduardo Guimarães, Madari, Beata Emoke, Jungkunst, Hermann F., Amorim, Ricardo Silva Santos, Hohnwald, Stefan, Klingler, Michael, de Almeida Machado, Pedro Luiz Oliveira, Schönenberg, Regine, and Nendel, Claas
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- 2017
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12. Climate-smart agriculture and soil C sequestration in Brazilian Cerrado: a systematic review
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Oliveira, Dener Márcio da Silva, primary, Tavares, Rose Luiza Moraes, additional, Loss, Arcângelo, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Cerri, Carlos Eduardo Pellegrino, additional, Alves, Bruno Jose Rodrigues, additional, Pereira, Marcos Gervasio, additional, and Cherubin, Maurício Roberto, additional
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- 2023
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13. Studies from global regions indicate promising avenues for maintaining and increasing soil organic carbon stocks
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Rumpel, Cornelia, primary, Amiraslani, Farshad, additional, Bossio, Deborah, additional, Chenu, Claire, additional, Cardenas, Magali Garcia, additional, Henry, Beverley, additional, Espinoza, Alejandro Fuentes, additional, Koutika., Lydie-Stella, additional, Ladha, Jagdish, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Minasny, Budiman, additional, Olaleye, Adesola, additional, Sall, Saidou Nourou, additional, Shirato, Yasuhito, additional, Soussana, Jean-Francois, additional, and Varela-Ortega, Consuelo, additional
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- 2022
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14. Integrated farming systems for improving soil carbon balance in the southern Amazon of Brazil
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Oliveira, Janaína de Moura, Madari, Beata Emoke, Carvalho, Márcia Thaís de Melo, Assis, Paula Camylla Ramos, Silveira, André Luiz Rodrigues, de Leles Lima, Mateus, Wruck, Flávio Jesus, Medeiros, João Carlos, and Machado, Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida
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- 2017
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15. Multivariate analysis of images in spectrophotometric methods: Quantification of soil organic matter
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Morais, Pedro Augusto de Oliveira, primary, Souza, Diego Mendesde, additional, and Madari, Beata Emoke, additional
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- 2021
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16. Characterization of humic like substances obtained by chemical oxidation of eucalyptus charcoal
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Trompowsky, Patrick Marques, Benites, Vinicius de Melo, Madari, Beata Emoke, Pimenta, Alexandre Santos, Hockaday, William C., and Hatcher, Patrick G.
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- 2005
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17. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in biochar amended soils: Long-term experiments in Brazilian tropical areas
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de Resende, Michele Fabri, primary, Brasil, Taila Figueredo, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Pereira Netto, Annibal Duarte, additional, and Novotny, Etelvino Henrique, additional
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- 2018
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18. Correlação espacial e linear de atributos físicos do solo em sistema de integração lavoura pecuária
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De Oliveira, Danilo Gomes, primary, Dos Reis, Elton Fialho, additional, Medeiros, João Carlos, additional, Couto, Rodney Ferreira, additional, Holtz, Vandoir, additional, and Madari, Beata Emoke, additional
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- 2017
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19. Integrated farming systems for improving soil carbon balance in the southern Amazon of Brazil.
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Oliveira, Janaína de Moura, Madari, Beata Emoke, Carvalho, Márcia Thaís de Melo, Assis, Paula Camylla Ramos, Silveira, André Luiz Rodrigues, de Leles Lima, Mateus, Wruck, Flávio Jesus, Medeiros, João Carlos, and Machado, Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida
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INTEGRATED agricultural systems ,CARBON in soils ,AGRICULTURE & the environment ,EUCALYPTUS ,RICE farming ,LIVESTOCK - Abstract
Integrated farming systems (IS) are one of the main strategies of the Brazilian government to reduce or compensate for carbon emissions from agriculture with simultaneous improvement in production efficiency. The IS are agricultural production systems that combine crop, livestock and forestry activities in the same area. The aim of this study was to address soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks under two agriculture areas with IS, in comparison with one exclusively used as low-input pasture (Pasture). The IS consisted of growing forestry species ( Eucalyptus urograndis) simultaneously with soybean ( Glycine max) and aerobic rice ( Oryza sativa) for 2 years when grain crops were followed by palisade grass ( Urochloa bryzantha). The study was carried out in real farm conditions in the southern Amazon ecosystem, north of Mato Grosso State, Brazil. SOC stocks were measured to 1 m soil depth. Compared to Pasture, areas of higher SOC stocks were identified in IS under the tree lines below 0.3 m, where there was no soil N deficiency. Our results indicated that, under the local edaphic and climatic conditions of the study, IS with trees can promote SOC accumulation even in a short term, such as 3 years in this case study, if soil fertility constraints do not exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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20. Carbon-optimised land management strategies for southern Amazonia.
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Gerold, Gerhard, Couto, Eduardo Guimarães, Madari, Beata Emoke, Jungkunst, Hermann F., Amorim, Ricardo Silva Santos, Hohnwald, Stefan, Klingler, Michael, de Almeida Machado, Pedro Luiz Oliveira, Schönenberg, Regine, and Nendel, Claas
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CLIMATE change ,ECOSYSTEMS ,FARMS ,CARBON dioxide mitigation ,LAND use - Abstract
The author reflects on Amazon forest is considered a key control for the global and regional climate system and ecosystems represent important resources for the Brazilian and global economy. It mentions conversion of both ecosystems into cattle pastures and agricultural land already considerably affected biodiversity and also for carbon stocks and emission. It also mentions change in land use which is expected to boost atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration.
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- 2018
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21. Nutritional State and Productivity of Organic Sugarcane in Goias, Brazil
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Borges, Lurdineide de Araujo, primary, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Leandro, Wilson Mozena, additional, Fernandes, Paulo Marcal, additional, Silva, Edgar Alves da, additional, Silva, Marcio Ricardo da, additional, and Silva, Mellissa Ananias Sol, additional
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- 2014
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22. The match between microbial community structure and soil properties is modulated by land use types and sample origin within an integrated agroecosystem
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Lisboa, Francy Junio Gonçalves, primary, Chaer, Guilherme Montandon, additional, Fernandes, Marcelo Ferreira, additional, Berbara, Ricardo Luis Louro, additional, and Madari, Beata Emoke, additional
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- 2014
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23. Fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica e características de ácidos húmicos de solos com horizonte a antrópico da amazônia (Terra Preta)
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Cunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira, Madari, Beata Emoke, Benites, Vinicius de Melo, Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto, Novotny, Etelvino Henrique, Moutta, Rondinele de Oliveira, Trompowsky, Patrick Marques, and Santos, Gabriel de Araújo
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Amazônia ,composição elementar ,elemental composition ,Solos antropogênicos ,Amazonian dark earth soils ,acidez ,thermogravimetry ,termogravimétria ,acidity - Abstract
Os solos da Amazônia que possuem horizonte A antrópico (Au) apresentam elevada fertilidade natural geralmente atribuída ao teor elevado de matéria orgânica e à sua elevada reatividade. Neste estudo foram quantificadas as substâncias húmicas e caracterizados os ácidos húmicos (AH) extraídos da camada 0-20 cm de solos com horizonte Au do estado do Amazonas (Terra Preta de Índio) sob floresta e cultivo agrícola. Também foram investigadas amostras de solos adjacentes sem o horizonte antrópico. A caracterização dos AH foi realizada através de análise termogravimétrica, análise da composição elementar e quantificação dos grupos funcionais (total, carboxílica e fenólica). Os horizontes A de solos antropogênicos apresentaram maior teor de carbono total, comparados aos de solos adjacentes. Entre as frações húmicas, a mais abundante foi a humina. A fração de ácidos húmicos (AH) foi a dominante das frações alcalino-solúveis nos solos estudados. Os AH dos solos antropogênicos tanto sob floresta como sob cultivo agrícola apresentaram maior grau de humificação quando comparados aos AH dos solos sem o horizonte Au. O cultivo agrícola também teve efeito na estabilidade e reatividade dos AH nos solos antropogênicos. Amazonian dark earth soils that have anthropogenic A horizon (Au) present high natural fertility usually attributed to their high organic matter content and to their higher reactivity. In this study humic substances were quantified and the humic acids (HA) extracted from the 0-20 cm layer of Amazonian dark earth soils (Terra Preta do Índio) under forest and agricultural use were characterized. Adjacent soils with no Au horizon were also investigated. The HA were characterized through the thermogravimetric analysis, elemental composition analysis and characterization of functional groups (total, carboxylic, and phenolic). The A horizon of the anthropogenic soils presented higher total carbon level compared to adjacent soils. Among the humic fractions, the humin was the most abundant. The humic acid fraction (HA) was the dominant among the alkaline soluble fractions. The humic acids of the anthropogenic soils, both under forest and cultivation, showed higher humification degree compared to the non-anthropogenic soils. The agricultural cultivation affected the humic acids stability and reactivity in the anthropogenic soils.
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- 2007
24. Transpiration response of upland rice to water deficit changed by different levels of eucalyptus biochar
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Pereira, Rogério Gomes, primary, Heinemann, Alexandre Bryan, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Carvalho, Marcia Thais de Melo, additional, Kliemann, Huberto José, additional, and Santos, Aurélio Pereira dos, additional
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- 2012
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25. Soil organic matter and fertility of anthropogenic dark earths (Terra Preta de Índio) in the Brazilian Amazon basin
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Cunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira, primary, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto, additional, Ribeiro, Lucedino Paixão, additional, Benites, Vinicius de Melo, additional, and Santos, Gabriel de Araújo, additional
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- 2009
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26. Fracionamento químico da matéria orgânica e características de ácidos húmicos de solos com horizonte a antrópico da amazônia (Terra Preta)
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Cunha, Tony Jarbas Ferreira, primary, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Benites, Vinicius de Melo, additional, Canellas, Luciano Pasqualoto, additional, Novotny, Etelvino Henrique, additional, Moutta, Rondinele de Oliveira, additional, Trompowsky, Patrick Marques, additional, and Santos, Gabriel de Araújo, additional
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- 2007
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27. Carbon and nitrogen stocks of an Arenosol under irrigated fruit orchards in semiarid Brazil
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Bernardi, Alberto Carlos de Campos, primary, Machado, Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida, additional, Madari, Beata Emoke, additional, Tavares, Sílvio Roberto de Lucena, additional, Campos, David Vilas Boas de, additional, and Crisóstomo, Lindbergue de Araújo, additional
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- 2007
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28. The match between microbial community structure and soil properties is modulated by land use types and sample origin within an integrated agroecosystem.
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Gonçalves Lisboa, Francy Junio, Chaer, Guilherme Montandon, Fernandes, Marcelo Ferreira, Louro Berbara, Ricardo Luis, and Madari, Beata Emoke
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AGRICULTURAL ecology , *MICROORGANISM populations , *SOIL composition , *AGRICULTURAL productivity , *LIVESTOCK , *SOIL testing , *TREE farms - Abstract
It is of global concern to adopt measures to mitigate land degradation caused by agricultural production systems. One of the strategies proposed is to replace degraded pastures with agrosilvopastoral systems which integrate three different land-use types: crop production, livestock pasture and forestry plantation (denoted iCLF). However, little is known about the differences between iCLF and other land use types in terms of soil microbial community structure. Distance matrices based on individual soil chemical properties and individual soil microbial variables were correlated by Procrustes analysis and these relationships yielded vectors of residuals depicting these correlations (matches). These vectors were used as univariate response variables in an ANOVA framework in order to investigate how the match sizes (the strength of correlation/covariance) between individual soil chemical properties and individual soil microbial variables vary across land use types (levels: iCLF; degradated pasture; improved pasture; and a native cerrado fragment) and also across sample origin within iCLF (levels: soil samples under more influence of the exotic tree forest stand; soil samples under influence of the pasture; samples within the transition between the forest stand and the pasture). We were able to obtain insights into the fact that the land use distinction can be driven by more than just individual soil chemical and microbial variables. The integration of crop, livestock and forestry promoted a dominance of fungi in this low fertility and low pH environment. P availability and the composite variable exchangeable base cations (Ca+2, Mg+2, K+) were the soil properties whose strengths of correlation (match sizes) with individual microbial variables were the most affected by land use type and sampling origin within iCLF. While the strength of the correlation between soil microbial structure variables and P availability was typically land use type dependent, the response of the microbial structure to exchangeable base cations was mainly affected by the sample origin within iCLF. Finally our results point towards the conclusion that increases in the heterogeneity of vegetation within integrated crop, pasture and forestry systems are an important driver of microbial community response to environmental changes, and may be one means by which to increase the sustainability of tropical agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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29. Soil quality of a no-tillage vegetable system, under organic production in Serop?dica (RJ)
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Silva, Camilla Santos Reis de Andrade da, Pinheiro, ?rika Fl?via Machado, Ara?jo, Ednaldo da Silva, Pereira, Marcos Gervasio, and Madari, Beata Emoke
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Olericultura ,Agronomia ,Atributos do Solo ,Soil Attributes ,Agroecological Management ,Olericulture ,Manejo Agroecol?gico - Abstract
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2022-10-03T16:29:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2020 - Camilla Santos Reis de Andrade da Silva.pdf: 1948563 bytes, checksum: 963bf959ba1d3bc0d3cd87d891b1588c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-10-03T16:29:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2020 - Camilla Santos Reis de Andrade da Silva.pdf: 1948563 bytes, checksum: 963bf959ba1d3bc0d3cd87d891b1588c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020-10-21 CAPES - Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior The no-till system is a practical management that aims to recover the productive potential of the soil and enable the sustainable use of agricultural land. It also presents principles equivalent to those used in organic production systems. It is believed that this management system, by keeping the vegetation cover (alive or dead), reducing soil overturning and recommending crop rotation, constitutes a strategic tool to enhance the sustainability of organic cultivation of vegetables. The general objective of the work was to evaluate the effect of the implantation of the no-tillage system on the productivity of vegetables under organic cultivation and on the quality of an Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo (Ultisol), in Serop?dica (RJ). The study was conducted at SIPA-Integrated System of Agroecological Production, located in Serop?dica-RJ. Three soil management practices were evaluated: a) no-till system (PD) using straw shredder (Triton); b) conventional tillage of the soil, using the rotary hoe (PC-ER) and; c) conventional soil preparation, using a plow and two harrows (PC-AG). The planting of the vegetables was carried out after the pre-cultivation management that refers to the intercropping of corn with legumes (pork beans, crotalaria and mucuna). The experimental design used was a randomized block with three treatments and four replications. Vegetable productivity was assessed over five agricultural years. The deformed and undisturbed soil samples, in the 0-5 and 5-10 cm layers, were collected in 2018, four years after the implementation of the experiment for the evaluation of the following soil attributes: aggregation and organic carbon content in the aggregates, soil density, total porosity, soil resistance to penetration, gravimetric moisture, light fraction of organic matter, soil fertility, carbon and nitrogen stock, total organic carbon and edaphic macrofauna. The results showed that there was no significant difference between the means of the soil management systems for the evaluated physical attributes, except the resistance to penetration of the soil (15-25 cm). With regard to chemical and biological attributes, the carbon content in the soil aggregates, the free light fraction and the soil fauna were the most sensitive to organic soil management practices. The first two attributes were superior in the PC-ER (0-5 cm). The PD favored the greater density and richness of the soil fauna groups. As a conclusion, it is observed that the different management practices maintained the productivity of the vegetables at a level equal to the national average. The four-year period of implementation of soil management practices is a short period to verify significant differences between the evaluated soil attributes. However, in addition to soil resistance to penetration, the free light fraction, the organic carbon content in the macroaggregates and the soil fauna were the most sensitive to changes in land use and confirm the role of organic matter as a key indicator of the quality of the soil. soil in short term studies. O sistema de plantio direto ? uma pr?tica de manejo que visa a recupera??o do potencial produtivo do solo e possibilita o uso sustent?vel das terras agr?colas. Tamb?m apresenta princ?pios equivalentes com os utilizados nos sistemas org?nicos de produ??o. Acredita-se que este sistema de manejo, por manter a cobertura vegetal (viva ou morta), reduzir o revolvimento do solo e recomendar a rota??o de culturas, constitui-se em uma ferramenta estrat?gica para potencializar a sustentabilidade do cultivo org?nico de oler?colas. O objetivo geral do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da implanta??o do sistema de plantio direto na produtividade de hortali?as sob cultivo org?nico e na qualidade do solo Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo, em Serop?dica (RJ). O estudo foi conduzido no SIPA-Sistema Integrado de Produ??o Agroecol?gica, localizado em Serop?dica-RJ. Foram avaliadas tr?s pr?ticas de manejo do solo: a) sistema de plantio direto (PD) com o uso de triturador de palha (Triton); b) preparo convencional do solo, com o uso da enxada rotativa (PC-ER) e; c) preparo convencional do solo, com o uso de uma ara??o e duas gradagens (PC-AG). O plantio das hortali?as foi realizado ap?s o manejo do pr?-cultivo que se refere ao cons?rcio de milho com leguminosa (feij?o-de-porco, crotal?ria e mucuna). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com tr?s tratamentos e quatro repeti??es. A produtividade das hortali?as foi avaliada durante cinco anos agr?colas. As amostras de terra deformadas e indeformadas, nas camadas de 0-5 e 5-10 cm, foram coletadas em 2018, quatros anos ap?s a implanta??o do experimento para a avalia??o dos seguintes atributos do solo: agrega??o e teor de carbono org?nico nos agregados, densidade do solo, porosidade total, resist?ncia do solo ? penetra??o, umidade gravim?trica, fra??o leve da mat?ria org?nica, fertilidade do solo, estoque de carbono e nitrog?nio, carbono org?nico total e macrofauna ed?fica. Os resultados mostraram que n?o houve diferen?a significativa entre as m?dias dos sistemas de manejo do solo para os atributos f?sicos avaliados, exceto a resist?ncia ? penetra??o do solo (15-25 cm). Com rela??o aos atributos qu?micos e biol?gicos, os teores de carbono nos agregados do solo, a fra??o leve livre e a fauna do solo foram os mais sens?veis ?s pr?ticas de manejo org?nico do solo. Os dois primeiros atributos foram superiores no PC-ER (0-5 cm). O PD favoreceu a maior densidade e riqueza dos grupos da fauna do solo. Como conclus?o, observa-se que as diferentes pr?ticas de manejo mantiveram a produtividade das oler?colas num patamar igual ao da m?dia nacional. O tempo de quatro anos de implanta??o das pr?ticas de manejo do solo ? um curto per?odo para verificar diferen?as significativas entre os atributos do solo avaliados. Contudo, al?m da resist?ncia do solo ? penetra??o, a fra??o leve livre, o teor de carbono org?nico nos macroagregados e a fauna do solo foram os mais sens?veis ?s mudan?as no uso do solo e confirmam o papel da mat?ria org?nica como indicadora chave de qualidade do solo em estudos de curta dura??o.
- Published
- 2020
30. Determination of soil fertility parameters by multivariate image nalysis and infrared spectra
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Morais, Pedro Augusto de Oliveira, Oliveira, Anselmo Elcana de, Madari, Beata Emoke, Antoniosi Filho, Nelson Roberto, Coelho, Clarimar José, and Souza, Aparecido Ribeiro de
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QUIMICA [CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA] ,LS-SVM ,Soil organic carbon ,SPA-MLR ,Soil texture ,MIA ,MIR ,Oxides ,Carbono orgânico do solo ,PLS ,Textura do solo ,Óxidos - Abstract
A análise do solo é uma ferramenta importante na avaliação e monitoramento do impacto ambiental da atividade agropecuária e ao mesmo tempo viabiliza o planejamento do uso racional de insumos, contribuindo assim à redução e melhor sustentabilidade ambiental e econômico da produção. Consequentemente, há crescente demanda pelos serviços dos laboratórios de análise de solo. Entretanto, algumas das metodologias empregadas, além de gerar volumes consideráveis de resíduos, possuem alto custo de implementação. Logo, alternativas ambientalmente sustentáveis e mais baratas devem ser desenvolvidas. Nesse sentido, este estudo propõe a utilização de análise multivariada de imagens (MIA) digitais e da espectroscopia na região do infravermelho médio (MIR) para estimativa do carbono orgânico e da textura do solo, assim como da determinação dos teores de óxidos de ferro, alumínio e silício extraídos do solo. Para isso, 177 amostras de solo de diferentes regiões do país foram consideradas para as análises pelos métodos de referência em laboratório, para obtenção de imagens digitais no sistema de cor RGB (Red, Green, Blue) em formato Tiff e para aquisição dos espectros MIR. A correlação entre imagens digitais, e espectros de MIR, e os parâmetros de fertilidade foi realizada por meio dos métodos: Regressão por Mínimos Quadrados Parciais (PLS), Regressão Linear Múltipla associada com o Algoritmo das Projeções Sucessivas (SPA-MLR) e Máquina de Vetor Suporte por Mínimos Quadrados (LSSVM). Os melhores modelos de predição dos parâmetros de fertilidade obtiveram correlações superiores a 90% e valores de desvio de previsão residual (RPD) superiores a 3. A utilização desses métodos na rotina laboratorial pode levar a um aumento significativo da produtividade, redução dos custos de análise e minimização do impacto ambiental, pois além de não gerarem resíduo, não utilizam reagentes químicos. O acesso a essas análises de forma rápida e de baixo custo permitiria um melhor acompanhamento dos solos para todos os produtores rurais, sejam eles grandes, médios ou, até mesmo, pequeno, o que resultaria, consequentemente, em um aumento da produtividade no campo. Soil analysis is an important tool when monitoring the environmental impact of agricultural activity. It also allows for the rational planning inputs contributing to a better environmental sustainability and economic production. Consequently, there is a growing demand for the services of soil analysis laboratories. However, methodologies currently employed in the field not only generate a considerable amount of waste, but also have a high set up cost. Therefore, cheaper and environmentally sustainable alternatives should be developed. In this sense, this study proposes the use of soil digital images and mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR) to estimate soil organic carbon (SOC), predict and classify soil texture, as well estimate iron, aluminium, and silicon oxides contents. For this purpose, 177 samples from different regions of the country were analyzed by standard methods. Soil digital images were acquired using RGB (Red, Green, Blue) in Tiff format. The correlation between digital images, MIR spectrum, and soil fertility parameters was obtained using Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS), Multiple Linear Regression algorithm associated with the Successive Projections (SPA-MLR), and Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM). The best models present correlations higher than 90% and Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD) values greater than 3.0. The use of these methods in test soil analysis would allow a significant increase in productivity, reduction of the cost of analysis, and minimization of environmental impact. The propsed analyses do not produce waste and do not employ chemicals. As a result, farmers can benefit from the proposed methods taken into account that the analyses are quick and inexpensive and might lead to an increase in productivity in the field. Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
- Published
- 2020
31. Strategic Management of Grazing Grassland Systems to Maintain and Increase Organic Carbon in Soils
- Author
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Khalil, Mohammad I., Nerger, Rainer, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Madari, Beata Emoke, Llorente, Mireia, Koncz, Peter, Klumpp, Katja, Henry, Beverley, and Francaviglia, Rosa
- Subjects
Science / Environmental Science - Abstract
Understanding management-induced C sequestration potential in soils under agriculture, forestry, and other land use systems and their quantification to offset increasing greenhouse gases are of global concern. This chapter reviews management-induced changes in C storage in soils of grazing grassland systems, their impacts on ecosystem functions, and their adaptability and needs of protection across socio-economic and cultural settings. In general, improved management of grassland/pasture such as manuring/slurry application, liming and rotational grazing, and low to medium livestock units could sequester C more than under high intensity grazing conditions. Converting cultivated land to pasture, restoration of degraded land, and maximizing pasture phases in mixed-cropping, pasture with mixed-livestock, integrated forestry-pasturage of livestock (silvopastoral) and crop-forestry-pasturage of livestock (agro-silvopastoral) systems could also maintain and enhance soil organic C density (SOCρ). In areas receiving low precipitation and having high erodibility, grazing exclusion might restore degraded grasslands and increase SOCρ. Yet, optimizing C sequestration rates, sowing of more productive grass varieties, judicial inorganic and organic fertilization, rotational grazing, and other climate-resilient approaches could improve overall farm productivity and profitability and attain sustainability in livestock farming systems.
- Published
- 2019
32. N2O fluxes of in integrated crop-livestock system in the Cerrado biome: comparison between the static chamber and the method flux-gradient
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Corrêa, Rubia Santos, Madari, Beata Emoke, Medeiros, João Carlos, Madari, Beáta Emoke, Evangelista , Adão Wagner Pêgo, and Maggiotto, Selma Regina
- Subjects
ILP ,Nitrous oxide ,Manuals static chambers ,Fluxo-gradiente ,ENGENHARIA DE AGUA E SOLO [ENGENHARIA AGRICOLA] ,Óxido nitroso ,Flux-gradient ,ICL ,Câmaras estáticas manuais - Abstract
As mudanças do clima são de importância global influenciando decisões políticas locais e internacionais. É importante que sejam identificados os setores e as atividades antrópicas que contribuem para agravar o cenário do aquecimento global. O óxido nitroso (N2O) é um importante gás de efeito estufa, apesar de sua baixa concentração na atmosfera esse gás se destaca devido ao seu longo tempo de permanência e ao potencial de absorção de radiação infravermelha de sua molécula e, consequentemente, ao seu alto potencial de aquecimento global. O N2O presente na atmosfera tem capacidade de absorver radiação infravermelha da Terra e aumentar a temperatura média do planeta. Como consequências observam-se os efeitos do aquecimento em diversos desastres ambientais, mudanças nos padrões de chuvas, derretimento das geleiras e outros fenômenos provocados pelas desordens climáticas. As magnitudes dos fluxos de gases oriundos do sistema agrícola são relevantes, destacando-se a necessidade de identificar fontes e sumidouros de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) na agricultura. No Brasil o método mais comumente utilizado para a medição de fluxos de GEE é a câmara estática. Supõe-se que, com este método, os fluxos de GEE são subestimados. Neste trabalho esta hipótese foi testada comparando os fluxos de N2O obtidos com câmaras estáticas manuais com os obtidos por um método micrometeorológico, o fluxo-gradiente, além da caracterização da dinâmica do fluxo de N2O no sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP). O estudo foi realizado na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, no município de Santo Antônio de Goiás, em Latossolo Vermelho Acriférrico típico, sob sistema ILP na fase pastagem. Estudos iniciais foram feitos para definir o tempo de amostragem dos fluxos e o melhor horário para a realização das amostragens pelo método da câmara estática manual. Os tempos de amostragem utilizados foram de 0, 15 e 30 minutos e o melhor período para a rotina de amostragem se concentrou em torno das 10 h. No cálculo dos fluxos, sempre que possível foi utilizada a função de Hutchinson & Mosier. Quando esta função não era aplicável foi utilizada uma função linear simples. O fluxo calculado através da função linear era considerado quando o R2 era maior ou igual a 0,80. Os fluxos medidos pelos dois métodos de quantificação, câmaras estáticas manuais e fluxo-gradiente foram comparáveis, entretanto em 69,77% dos dias avaliados os valores positivos obtidos através do método do fluxo-gradiente foram superiores aos obtidos pelo método da câmara estática manual. Quanto aos atributos físicos e químicos do solo sob pastagem, considerando o período em estudo, observou-se que os fluxos de N2O apresentaram correlação positiva com o teor de nitrato, EPPA e a temperatura do solo. Na estação chuvosa houve correlação positiva entre os fluxos de N2O e o EPPA do solo. Na estação seca foi observada correlação positiva entre os fluxos de N2O e os teores de amônio e nitrato do solo. Durante o estudo não foi observada emissão de N2O na área de referência, área esta formada por um fragmento de floresta nativa. Climate changes is of global importance influencing local and international policy decisions. It is important that sectors and human activities that contribute to worsen the global warming scenario are identified. Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas, despite its low concentration in the atmosphere this gas stands out due to its long residence time and to potential for absorption of infrared radiation of its molecule and to its hence high of global warming potential. N2O in the atmosphere has the ability to absorb infrared radiation of the earth and increase the average temperature of the planet. As consequences we observe the effects of warming on many environmental disasters, changes in rainfall patterns, melting glaciers and other phenomena caused by climate disorders. The magnitudes of the gas fluxes coming from the farm system are relevant, highlighting the need to identify sources sinks of greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) in agriculture. In Brazil the most commonly used method for measuring the greenhouse gas is the static chamber. It is supposed that with this method the fluxes GGE are underestimated. In this work this hypothesis was tested by comparing the N2O fluxes obtained with manuals static chambers with those obtained by a micrometeorological method, the flux-gradient, and characterizing the dynamics of the flux of N2O in the Integrated Crop-Livestock system (ICL). The study was conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans, in Santo Antônio de Goiás, in clay Rhodic Ferralsol typical, under ICL system the pasture phase. Initial studies have been made to define sampling times and best time to perform the sampling by the manual static chamber method. The sampling times used were 0, 15 and 30 minutes and the best period for routine sampling was around 10 am. In calculating fluxes, whenever possible the Hutchinson & Mosier function was used. When this function not was applied a simple linear function was used. The flux calculated by the linear function was considered when R2 was greater than or equal to 0.80. The measured fluxes by the two quantification methods manuals static chambers and flux-gradient were comparable, however in 69.77% of the assessed days the values positive obtained by the flux-gradient method were higher than those obtained by the manual static chamber method. As to the physical and chemical attributes of the soil, considering the entire period under study, in pasture soil, it was observed that N2O fluxes were positively correlated with the nitrate concentration, WFPS and the soil temperature. In the rainy season there was a positive correlation between N2O fluxes and WFPS of soil. In the dry season there was a positive correlation between N2O fluxes and the ammonium and nitrate concentrations of soil. During the study not was observed emission of N2O in of reference area, area this formed by a native forest fragment. Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
- Published
- 2014
33. Biochar as soil conditioner of soil fertility and microbiota cultivated with soybean in Brazilian savanna
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Santos, Janne Louize Sousa, Madari, Beata Emoke, Tsai, Siu Mui, Tsai, Sui Mui, Leandro, Wilson Mozena, Figueiredo, Cícero Célio de, and Mendes, Rodrigo
- Subjects
Microbial diversity ,Soil organic matter ,CIENCIA DO SOLO [AGRONOMIA] ,Solo rizosférico ,Rizhospheric soil ,Matéria orgânica do solo ,Diversidade microbiana - Abstract
Biocarvão é a nova palavra para descrever o material de granulação fina, rico em carbono orgânico e altamente poroso, produzido de material biológico (biomassa) por processo de pirólise. De acordo com sua formação, o biocarvão reage com outros componentes do solo, contribuindo para um melhor condicionamento das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo. Esse estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da aplicação do biocarvão em diferentes doses (0, 2, 4, 8 e 16 Mg ha-1) num Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, textura Franco Argilo Arenosa, cultivado com soja (Glycine max (L.) Merril), localizado no Bioma Cerrado. O experimento foi instalado em 2006 no município de Nova Xavantina, MT e os anos avaliados foram de 2007 a 2012. O Experimento foi implantado em 2006, incorporando-se biocarvão na profundidade de 0,15 cm. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos ao acaso com quatro doses de biocarvão nas doses 2, 4, 8 e 16 Mg ha-1 e a testemunha. As amostragens de solo foram feitas em fevereiro dos anos de 2006 a 2012, na profundidade de 0-10 cm. Foram avaliados: a fertilidade do solo; a biomassa microbiana do solo; a produtividade da soja em kg ha-1; e a diversidade da comunidade de archaea, bactéria e fungo nas diferentes doses e no biocarvão antes e após ser utilizado no solo. A composição elementar do biocarvão influenciou, após aplicação, na neutralização e na manutenção da fertilidade do solo. No entanto, com o tempo, altos teores de Al disponível, e baixo pH no solo, reduzem os efeitos das diferentes doses sobre a produtividade da soja. A biomassa microbiana do solo apresentou resultados quando os níveis de material orgânico foram significativos para as diferentes doses de biocarvão. A diversidade de comunidades microbianas no solo foi influenciada pelas diferentes doses de biocarvão no solo. O biocarvão após condicionar o solo por algum tempo, apresentou diversidade microbiana semelhante ao solo. Estudos devem levar em consideração o efeito de doses menores de biocarvão sobre as propriedades do solo. Biochar is a new word to describe fine-grained, highly porous charcoal made from biological material (biomass), high in organic carbon. According to its formation, biochar has reactions with other components of the soil, contributing for the better conditioners physical, chemical and biological soil properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate of different rates of biochar (0, 2, 4, 8 e 16 Mg ha-1) in the long term experiment with soybean (Glycine Max (L) Merril) in Haplustox soil, Savanna Biome. Experimental design was field experiment with randomized blocks, 4 repetitions (blocks) and 5 treatments (charcoal doses: 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 Mg ha-1), plot design 10 x 4 m. In 2006, charcoal was ground and incorporated in soil at 0-15 cm, when the experiment was installed. Soil samples were collected during February of 2007 to 2012, at the soybean flowering. Soil fertility, soil microbial biomass and soybean productivity (kg ha-1) were estimated. Diversity of archaeal, bacterial and fungal community were estimated in different rates of biochar, and in biochar before and after amended in soil. Elemental composition of biochar had liming effect on soil fertility; high content of aluminum and pH, did not effect soybean productivity. Soil microbial biomass showed results due to organic matter content in the last year of experimental. Different rates of biocarvão influenced soil microbial diversity. Biocarvão, after conditioning the soil showed microbial diversity similar to soil. Little biochar rates should be tested in soil.
- Published
- 2013
34. Chemical attributes, carbon and nitrogen accumulation and organic sugarcane nutrition in Cerrado Oxisol
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Borges, Lurdineide de Araújo Barbosa, Madari, Beata Emoke, Alves, Bruno José Rodrigues, Fernandes, Paulo Marçal, Madari, Beáta Emoke, Silva, Mellissa Ananias Soler da, Ramos, Maria Lucrécia Gerosa, Leandro, Wilson Mozena, and Figueiredo, Cícero Célio de
- Subjects
Fertilizing ,Adubação ,CIENCIA DO SOLO [AGRONOMIA] ,Macronutrientes ,Agroecologia ,Organic agriculture ,Macronutrients ,Micronutrients ,Micronutrientes ,Agricultura orgânica ,Agroechology - Abstract
Foram estudados atributos relacionados à produção da cana-de-açúcar no sistema orgânico com o intuito de avaliar a eficiência desse sistema. Avaliou-se a fertilidade do solo, a nutrição e produtividade da cana-de-açúcar e os impactos do sistema de produção sobre os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo. Analisaram-se os seguintes atributos: matéria orgânica (MO), pH do solo (pH), acidez potencial (H+Al), alumínio (Al3+), enxofre (S), capacidade de troca catiônica (CTC), saturação de bases (V), saturação de alumínio (m), fósforo (P), potássio (K), cálcio (Ca) e magnésio (Mg). Para caracterizar o estado nutricional da cultura e a produtividade: número total de colmos, produção total de colmos, carbono (C), nitrogênio (N) e a relação C/N das plantas, produção de palhada, produção de matéria seca e a extração de P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn. O impacto do cultivo da cana-de-açúcar sobre o solo foi avaliado por meio da densidade do solo (Ds) e os estoques de carbono e nitrogênio no solo. Na fertilidade e no estado nutricional da cana estudou-se a seguinte cronossequência de canaviais: Org.0 - área cultivada em sistema convencional, representando o início do sistema de cultivo orgânico; Org.2 - área cultivada há dois anos no sistema orgânico; Org.6 - área cultivada há seis anos no sistema orgânico; Org.10 - área cultivada há dez anos no sistema orgânico. Avaliaram-se também: uma área onde ocorreu uma queima acidental, Org.2Q - área cultivada há dois anos no sistema orgânico com uma queima acidental e outra área onde o canavial foi plantado há doze anos e desde então não foi reformada, sendo cultivada há dez anos no sistema orgânico - Org.10SR. No estudo do impacto do cultivo da cana sobre o solo foi excluída a área Org.6 porque o teor de argila nessa área foi inferior às demais. Uma área de cerrado nativo (CN) foi usada como referência para os cálculos corrigidos dos estoques de carbono e nitrogênio. As amostras de solo (Latossolo Vermelho) e de planta foram coletadas em canaviais pertencentes à Usina Jalles Machado, em Goianésia – GO. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. O solo foi coletado nas seguintes profundidades: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20-, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm, em dezembro de 2010. O tecido vegetal foi coletado em fevereiro de 2011. O cultivo orgânico da cana-de-açúcar foi melhor do que o cultivo convencional. Houve aumento nos níveis de fertilidade do solo e na produtividade do canavial. A extração de nutrientes do solo foi maior nas áreas orgânicas, as quais requerem manejo especial da adubação para evitar o empobrecimento dos solos. Quanto ao perfilhamento e produtividade do canavial, verificou-se que no início da conversão para o sistema orgânico, após dois anos, houve redução do perfilhamento, mas sem comprometer a produtividade final do canavial. As plantas cultivadas no sistema orgânico absorveram mais nutrientes do que cultivo convencional e a densidade do solo reduziu-se sensivelmente nas camadas superficiais. No sistema de cultivo orgânico os estoques de carbono aumentaram consideravelmente em relação ao cultivo convencional. There were studied attributes related to sugarcane production in the organic cultivation system aiming to evaluate the efficiency of this system. There were evaluated the soil fertility, the nutrition and productivity of sugarcane and the impacts of the production system on the stocks of carbon and nitrogen on soil. There were analyzed the following attributes of soil fertility: organic matter (OM), soil chemical reaction (pH), potential acidity (H+Al), aluminum (Al3+), sulfur (S), cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (V), aluminum saturation (m), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). In order to establish the crop nutritional status and its productivity: total number and total production of stalks, carbon (C), nitrogen (N) e and C/N ratio of the plants, straw production, production of dry matter and the extraction of P, Ca, Mg, K, Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn. The impact of sugarcane cultivation on the soil was evaluated through the soil density (Sd), content and stocks of carbon and nitrogen on soil. Regarding the fertility and nutritional status of sugarcane it was studied the following chronosequence of cultivated areas in the organic system: Org.0 – area cultivated under conventional system, representing the beginning of the organic system cultivation; Org.2 – area cultivated for 2 years in the organic system; Org.6 – area cultivated for 6 years in the organic system; Org.10 – area cultivated for 10 years in the organic system. There were evaluated also two different situations that may occur in any production system: one area where it occurred an accidental burn, Org.2Q – area cultivated for two years in the organic system with an accidental burn and other area where the sugarcane plantation was grown for twelve years and since then it was not reformed and replanted, being cultivated for ten years in the organic system - Org.10SR. In the study of impact of sugarcane cultivation on soil it was excluded the area Org.6 because the clay content in this area was inferior to the others. One area of native cerrado (CN) was used as reference for the calculated stocks of carbon and nitrogen. The soil (Oxisol), and plant samples, were collected in plantations belonging to Usina Jalles Machado, Goianésia – GO. The design was entirely randomized with five repetitions. The soil was collected in the following depths: 0-5, 5-10, 10-20-, 20-30, 30-40, 40-60, 60-80 and 80-100 cm, December 2010. The vegetal tissue was collected in February 2011. The organic cultivation was found more efficient than the conventional one of sugarcane. There was a rise up on the levels of fertility of the soil and of productivity. The extraction of nutrients of the soil was higher in the organic areas, which require special management of fertilizing to avoid weakening of the soil. Regarding the tillering and productivity, it was verified that in the beginning of the conversion to the organic system, after two years, there was reduction of tillering, however with no compromising of the final productivity of the plantation. The plants cultivated in the organic system absorbed more nutrients than in the conventional system. The soil density reduced highly in the superficial layers. In the organic system the carbon stocks raised considerably in relation to the conventional cultivation.
- Published
- 2013
35. Production of nitrous oxide from soil cultivated with common bean in irrigated no tillage system in savanna (Cerrado)
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COSTA, Adriana Rodolfo da and MADARI, Beata Emoke
- Subjects
biomassa microbiana ,soil pH ,emission factor of nitrous oxide ,microbial biomass ,watter filled pore space ,pH do solo ,Phaseolus vulgaris L ,Brachiaria ruzizienzis ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA [CNPQ] ,espaço poroso saturado por água ,fator de emissão de N2O - Abstract
A perda de nitrogênio no sistema solo-planta tem repercussões econômicas e ambientais, especialmente quando óxidos de nitrogênio são emitidos para a atmosfera. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a emissão de óxido nitrosos (N2O) em sistema de produção de feijoeiro comum irrigado em sistema plantio direto, sobre palhada de braquiária, com aplicação de diferentes fontes de nitrogênio (N), bem como as variáveis ambientais e do solo que condicionam esta emissão. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão, num Latossolo Vermelho distrófico argiloso. Foram avaliadas seis áreas de cultivo de feijoeiro comum, em sistema plantio direto, sobre palhada de braquiária, irrigado por aspersão via pivô central, no outono/inverno de 2009. A área de cada tratamento foi de 150 m2. A área total do estudo foi de 1000 m2. Os tratamentos foram: Sem N (testemunha); Uréia; Sulfato de amônio (S.A.); Uréia tratada com inibidor de urease (Ur.+ Inib.); Uréia combinada com carvão vegetal (Ur.+Car.); Fixação biológica de nitrogênio (F.B.N.); Cerradão (Cer) como referência. Foram aplicados 100 kg ha-1 de N: 20% na linha de semeadura e 80% em cobertura, a lanço, 25 dias após plantio. Selecionaram-se períodos, cujos fluxos de N2O apresentaram maior relevância, para que fosse realizado um estudo mais detalhado, incluindo variáveis biológicas do solo. A concentração de N2O foi determinada por cromatografia gasosa. Concomitantemente, realizou-se amostragem de solo para verificação da temperatura, espaço poroso saturado por água (EPSA), pH e parâmetros referentes a biomassa microbiana. As variáveis de solo que mais influenciam os fluxos de N2O, durante o ciclo do feijoeiro, são os teores de nitrato no solo, pH e EPSA, cujas condições favorecem o processo de desnitrificação, no sistema de produção irrigada em plantio direto. As maiores emissões totais de N2O, ocorrem nos seguintes tratamentos: uréia com inibidor de urease, fixação biológica de nitrogênio e uréia associada ao carvão vegetal, sendo 70%, 36% e 32% maior que o observado na testemunha, respectivamente. Os fatores de emissão observados neste estudo estão abaixo dos menores níveis sugeridos pelo IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Após adubação no sulco, as variáveis que controlam a emissão de N2O são respiração basal, carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM), nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana (NBM), carbono orgânico total (COT) e EPSA. O carvão vegetal combinado com uréia proporciona melhores condições aos microrganismos, elevando índices como o CBM e o quociente microbiano. Após a adubação de cobertura os fluxos de N2O são menores que na semeadura, talvez devido a maiores perdas de N por volatilização e maior demanda pela planta por N, sendo o sulfato de amônio a fonte que mais emitiu N2O. As variáveis que controlam a emissão de N2O neste período são o NBM, o pH do solo e o EPSA. No período de senescência do feijoeiro as fontes uréia combinada com inibidor de urease e a fixação biológica de nitrogênio são as que mais emitem N2O, sendo as variáveis que controlam este período de emissão, a temperatura do solo e o COT. The loss of nitrogen from the soil-plant system has economic and environmental repercussions, especially when nitrous oxide is emitted to the atmosphere. The aim of this study was to evaluate the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) in the production system of irrigated commom beans under no-tillage, with brachiaria grass as cover plant (green manure), as affected by the application of different N sources. The experiment was conducted at Embrapa Rice and Beans, in a clayey Haplic Ferralsol. Six areas planted with common beans in no-till system, with sprinkler irrigation, center pivot, were evaluated in the fall/winter period of 2009. In each area (150 m2) a different source on N (treatments) was applied. The total area of the study was 1000 m2. The treatments were: no N (control), urea, ammonium sulfate (A.S.), urea + urease inhibitor (Ur.+Inhi.), urea combined with charcoal (Ur.+Car.), biological fixation nitrogen (B.F.N.), Cerrado (Cer). One hundred kg of N ha-1 was applied in all areas: 20% at sowing together with the seed at the same depth and 80% as top dressing, 25 days after planting. Periods, whose N2O fluxes were more important, were selected for more detailed study, including soil biological variables. The N2O concentration was determined by gas chromatography. Concurrently, soil moisture, temperature, water filled pore space (WFPS), pH and parameters related to the microbial biomass were also measured. The variables that influence soil N2O fluxes during the growing cycle of the bean are: the levels of nitrate in the soil, pH, moisture and WFPS, indicating conditions that favor the denitrification process. The highest emissions of N2O, occur in the following treatments: urea with urease inhibitor, biological nitrogen fixation and urea associated with charcoal, 70%, 36% and 32% higher then that observed in the control, respectively. The emission factors observed in this study are below the lowest levels suggested by IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). After fertilization at sowing, the variables that control the emission of N2O are basal respiration, microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), total organic carbon (TOC), soil moisture and WFPS. The charcoal combined with urea provides better conditions for microorganisms, increasing MBC and microbial quocient. After topdressing N2O fluxes are lower than at sowing, possibly due to higher N losses through volatilization or increased demand for N by the plant and consequent higher N uptake by plants. The ammonium sulfate source shows the highest N2O fluxes in this period. The variables that control N2O emission in this period are: MBN, pH, moisture and WFPS. During the senescence of the bean plants urea combined with urease inhibitor and biological fixation nitrogen are the treatments that most emitt N2O. The variables that controll the fluxes are soil temperature and TOC.
- Published
- 2011
36. Crop - livestock: effects on soil, fodder, economic modeling and simulation
- Author
-
MUNIZ, Luciano Cavalcante, FRANCA, Aldi Fernandes de Souza, TROVO, Jose Benedito de Freitas, and MADARI, Beata Emoke
- Subjects
fertilidade do solo ,estoque de carbono no solo ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::ZOOTECNIA::PRODUCAO ANIMAL [CNPQ] ,pasture age ,1. Fertilidade do solo 2. Biologia do solo 3. Idade da pastagem 4. Estoque de carbono no solo 5. Sistema de produção - modelagem ,modelagem de sistema de produção ,soil fertility ,idade da pastagem ,carbon stock on soil ,production system modeling ,biologia do solo ,soil biology - Abstract
A presente tese, ao abordar o tema integração lavoura-pecuária (ILP), teve como um de seus principais objetivos avaliar as alterações nos componente solo-planta-animal-ambiente exercidas pela dinâmica de rotação de culturas e pastagens em sistema de integração lavoura e pecuária. Duas áreas adjacentes, uma representativa do meio ambiente natural (vegetação de cerrado original ) e outra de pastagens degradadas, serviram de referência ( controle ) às inferências realizadas. O experimento foi realizado numa área de 92 ha, dividida em seis piquetes de aproximadamente 15 ha, onde foi feita a rotação de culturas anuais e pastagens. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 e 40-50 cm. Houve aumento nos teores de carbono da biomassa microbiana, no quociente microbiano e na matéria orgânica no solo e redução no quociente metabólico nos ambientes da cronossequência das pastagens, no sistema integração lavoura-pecuária, em comparação com a pastagem degradada. As diferentes fases das pastagens dentro do sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária estocaram, em média, 17,67 Mg ha-1 mais carbono que a pastagem degradada até a profundidade de 50 cm. O Cerrado conteve o maior, e a pastagem degradada o menor estoque de carbono entre todos os ambientes estudados. Houve um decréscimo significativo nos teores de fósforo e potássio com o aumento da idade da pastagem e aumento nos teores de cálcio e magnésio. Os teores dos micronutrientes entre os tratamentos avaliados apresentaram valores acima da exigência para o capim-Marandu. As amostras de capim-Marandu foram realizadas em cinco épocas do ano (inverno, início e final da primavera, verão e outono). Alterações quantitativas e qualitativas na forragem foram observadas durante o período experimental. Mudanças nos componentes estruturais folha verde, colmo verde e material morto, bem como nos teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), nutrientes disponíveis totais (NDT) e fibra em detergente neutro (FDN), entre outros, caracterizaram a forragem nos diferentes períodos. As variações qualitativas entre as forrageiras são de alta magnitude, destacando-se a queda significativa nos teores de PB e NDT, com o avanço da maturidade da pastagem. Todos os tratamentos da cronossequência das pastagens, após 2,5 anos de lavoura, resultaram em avaliações favoráveis, sendo o tratamento P1 a melhor opção de investimento, com valor presente líquido (VPL) igual a R$ 144,34, seguido pelo tratamento P2 com R$ 112,61 e P3 com R$ 58,54, indicando tratar-se de projeto favorável. Há indicação no presente trabalho que a maior perda em relação às vantagens econômicas obtidas ocorre já a partir do segundo ano após o estabelecimento das pastagens, podendo constituir implicações importantes no planejamento de sistemas de ILP. O bônus de carbono no sistema de produção animal a pasto pode ser um incentivo financeiro para o produtor aderir à rotação de pastagens com culturas anuais. Porém é preciso que sejam realizados estudos que quantifiquem as emissões de gases responsáveis pelo efeito estufa, para verificar se o balanço representa um bônus ou um ônus ambiental para o produtor. When approaching the crop-livestock integration (CLI) theme, the present thesis had as one of its main objectives to evaluate the alterations in the soil-plantanimal- environment components exercised by the crop and pasture rotation dynamics in crop and livestock integration system. Two adjacent areas, one representing the natural environment (original cerrado vegetation) and other the degraded pastures served as reference ( control ) to the inferences performed. The experiment was performed at a 92 ha area, divided into six paddocks of approximately 15 ha, where the annual crops and pastures rotation was made. The soil samplings were collected at the 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm layers. There was an increase in the carbon contents of the microbial biomass, in the microbial quotient and in the organic matter on the soil and reduction in the metabolic quotient at the pastures chronological sequence environments, at the crop-livestock integration system, in comparison with the degraded pasture. The different pastures stages within the crop-livestock integration system stocked the average of 17,67 Mg ha-1 carbon more than the degraded pasture up to a 50 cm depth. The Cerrado contained the most carbon stock and the degraded pasture the least among all the environments studied. There was a significant decrease in the phosphor and potassium contents in relation to the pasture age increase and an increase in the calcium and magnesium contents. Micronutrients contents among the treatments evaluated presented values above the demand for capim- Marandu. The capim-Marandu samplings were performed in five different seasons of the year (winter, beginning and end of spring, summer and autumn). Quantitative and qualitative alterations at the forage were observed during the experimental period. Changes on the structural components green leaf, green stem and dead material, as well as on DM (Dry Matter), GP (Gross Protein), TDN (Total Digestive Nutrients) and FND (Fiber in Neutral Detergent) contents, among others, characterized the forage on the different periods. The qualitative variations among the forages are of high magnitude, being outlined the significant drop on GP (Gross Protein) and TDN (Total Digestive Nutrients) contents according to the pasture maturity development. All pastures chronological sequence treatments, after 2,5 years of crop, resulted in favorable evaluations, having P1 treatment as the best investment option with NPV (Net Present Value) equals to R$144,34 followed by P2 treatment with R$112,61 and P3 with R$58,54, indicating to be a favorable Project. There is indication on the present work that the biggest loss in relation to the obtained economic advantages happens already from the second year after the pastures establishment. Such results may constitute important implications at CLI systems planning. Carbon bonus at pasture based animal production system may be a financial incentive for the producer to join the pastures rotation with annual crops. Nevertheless it is necessary that studies are performed to quantify emissions of gases responsible for greenhouse in order to verify whether the result represents a bonus or an environmental onus to the producer.
- Published
- 2010
37. Biochar as soil amendment: agronomic and environmental aspects of its application in soils of the Brazilian savana (cerrado)
- Author
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PETTER, Fabiano André, CARNEIRO, Marco Aurélio Carbone, and MADARI, Beata Emoke
- Subjects
propriedades biológicas do solo ,efficient use of nutrients ,Biochar ,biological properties os soil ,fertilidade do solo ,nitrous oxide ,soil fertility ,uso eficiente de nutrientes ,CIENCIAS AGRARIAS::AGRONOMIA [CNPQ] ,óxido nitroso ,1.Biochar 2.fertilidade do solo 3.matéria orgânica 4.propriedades biológicas do solo 5.óxido nitroso 6.uso eficiente de nutrientes ,organic matter ,matéria orgânica - Abstract
Estudou-se o efeito do carbono pirogênico nas características químicas e biológicas do solo, na fisiologia e produtividade das culturas da soja e do arroz de terras altas e na emissão de N2O para a atmosfera. Os experimentos foram realizados em Nova Xavantina, MT, em dois diferentes tipos solos: Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo (soja) e Cambissolo Háplico (arroz) em delineamento experimental com junção de faixas e blocos ao acaso, em que 5 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1 e 400 kg ha-1) de NPK (0-20-20) e 5 doses de carvão vegetal (0 Mg ha-1, 2 Mg ha-1, 4 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1 e 16 Mg ha-1), no caso da soja, e 4 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 e 300 kg ha-1) de NPK (05-25-15) e 4 doses de carvão (0 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1, 16 Mg ha-1 e 32 Mg ha-1), no caso do arroz, foram aplicadas, para o carvão ao acaso, em 4 repetições (blocos). Combinado com NPK na cultura do arroz foi realizada aplicação de 0, 15, 32 e 50 kg ha-1 de N em cobertura, respectivamente. Para avaliação de fertilidade do solo foram coletadas amostras de solo nas camadas de 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm e 20-30 cm e analisados os seguintes atributos: pH, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, M.O., C orgânico e N total. Os parâmetros fisiológicos avaliados foram: altura, matéria seca, teor foliar dos nutrientes P, K, Ca e Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn em pleno florescimento e produtividade. A avaliação dos parâmetros biológicos do solo consistiu na determinação da taxa de respiração basal do solo (C-CO2) e carbono da biomassa microbiana (CBM). Foi avaliado a emissão de N2O para a atmosfera. Na cultura da soja houve aumento significativo nos teores de C total de 0-10 cm no 1° ano e 10-20 cm no 3° ano com a aplicação de 16 Mg ha-1de carvão. Verificou-se efeito na interação carvão e NPK, com aumento de K e na camada de 0-10 cm no 1° e 3° ano e acidez potencial apenas no 1° ano. As doses de 8 Mg ha-1 e 16 Mg ha-1 proporcionaram maiores alturas e massa seca nas épocas avaliadas. Não se verificou efeito nos teores foliares de nutrientes. A produtividade foi significativamente aumentada em razão da aplicação de 16 Mg ha-1. Na cultura do arroz houve aumento significativo nos teores de P e Ca e no pH e redução de Al e H+Al na camada de 0-10 cm com a aplicação de 32 Mg ha-1de carvão. Esse efeito se repetiu para H+Al na camada de 10-20 cm e com aumento nos teores de K. Verificou-se efeito negativo do carvão na matéria seca aos 25 e 55 DAP, todavia não influenciou a altura das plantas. A produtividade foi aumentada à medida que se aumentou as doses de carvão. Observou-se maior eficiência no uso do N, P e K na dose de 32 Mg ha-1. Não se verificou efeito significativo do carvão no C-CO2 e CBM. Observou-se os maiores fluxos de N2O para a atmosfera na presença de 32 Mg ha-1. Como conclusão geral, o carvão vegetal teve efeito similar nas propriedades de fertilidade do solo e produtividade das plantas nos dois experimentos, entretanto seu efeito foi mais fortemente manifestado (maior contraste) no solo mais arenoso. Aumentou ainda a eficiência de uso de nutrientes. Considerando a altura das plantas e a massa seca a soja apresentou melhor resposta para a aplicação de carvão no solo. Finalmente, o carvão vegetal manteve seu efeito na produtividade e aumentou a acumulação da M.O. no solo com o passar do tempo. The effect of biochar on the chemical and biological soil properties, on the physiological response and productivity of soybean and upland Rice and on N2O emission was investigated. The study was carried out in Nova Xavantina, Mato Grosso state between September 2006 and May 2009 on two different soil types: Haplic Ferralsol (soybean) and Dystric Cambisol (rice). The experimental design was a combination of strips and random blocks where 5 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1 e 400 kg ha-1) of NPK (0-20-20) were distributed in strips and 5 doses of biochar (0 Mg ha-1, 2 Mg ha-1, 4 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1 e 16 Mg ha-1) in random a manner in the case of soybean and 4 doses (0 kg ha-1, 100 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 300 kg ha-1) of NPK (05-25-15) were distributed in strips and 4 doses of biochar (0 Mg ha-1, 8 Mg ha-1, 16 Mg ha-1 and 32 Mg ha-1) in random a manner in the case of rice. For rice urea was applied as top dressing corresponding the NPK doses: 0 kg ha-1, 15 kg ha-1, 32 kg ha-1 e 50 kg ha-1 de N, respectively. Every treatment had 4 replications. The biochar was applied only once, before the instalation of the experiments to the 0-15 cm soil layer. Soil fertility parameters were evaluated in samples collected at 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm and pH, Ca, Mg, Al, H+Al, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, SOM and total C and N were measured. Among physiological parameters the height and dry mass of plants were evaluated plus the nutrient levels in plant tissue at flowering and yield. The evaluation of soil biological parameters included the basal respiration rate of the soil (C-CO2) and the microbial biomass carbon (MBC). Nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions were also measured. Total C was significantly higher at 0-10 cm in the 1st year after biochar application and at 10-20 cm in the 3rd year in the treatment with 16 Mg ha-1 biochar. There was interaction between biochar and NPK, resulting in increase in K levels at 0-10 cm, 1st and 3rd year after application of biochar and decrease in exchangeable acidity in the 1st year. The 8 Mg ha-1 and 16 Mg ha-1 biochar doses resulted in higher values of plant height and dry mass both in the 1st and 3rd year, however, biochar had no effect on nutrient levels in plant tissue. Soybean yields were, again, significantly affected by biochar doses in a positive and quadratic manner both in the 1st and 3rd year. There was a significant increase in P, Ca, levels and pH, and Al and exchangeable acidity (H+Al) were reduced at 0-10 cm in the treatments with 32 Mg ha-1 biochar. Similar effect was observed for (H+Al) and K at 10-20 cm. Biochar had no effect on other soil chemical parameters. It negatively affected the dry mass of the plants at 25 and 55 DAP, however, did not have influence on plant height. Rice yield was directly and linearly influenced by biochar doses. Increase in nutrient use efficiency (N, P, K) was also observed at the highest biochar dose (32 Mg ha-1). Biochar had no effect on C-CO2 and MBC but seu uso resulted in higher emission rates of N2O at the 32 Mg ha-1 dose. In conclusion, in general, biochar had similar effects on soil chemical properties and yields, however its effect was manifested in a greater manner (larger contrast) in the more sandy soil. It increased nutrient use efficiency. As of plant height and dry mass, soybean gave better response for biochar application than rice. Finally, biochar seems to maintain its effect on yield and increases its effect on SOM accumulation over time.
- Published
- 2010
38. Evapotranspiration measurements in pasture, crops, and native Brazilian Cerrado based on UAV-borne multispectral sensor.
- Author
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de Lima GSA, Ferreira ME, Sales JC, de Souza Passos J, Maggiotto SR, Madari BE, de Melo Carvalho MT, and de Almeida Machado PLO
- Subjects
- Brazil, Unmanned Aerial Devices, Remote Sensing Technology, Forests, Soil chemistry, Crops, Agricultural growth & development, Environmental Monitoring methods, Plant Transpiration, Agriculture methods
- Abstract
In Brazil, agriculture consumes most of the available freshwater, especially in the Cerrado biome, where the rain cycle is marked by long periods of drought. This study, conducted at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa) Research Corporation unit in Santo Antônio de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil, estimated evapotranspiration (ET) in different crops and soil cover. Using multispectral unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) images, Sentinel satellite data, weather station information, and towers employing the eddy covariance method, we applied the "Simple Algorithm for Evapotranspiration Retrieving" (SAFER) to calculate ET in common bean, pasture, and semideciduous seasonal forest areas. The results showed a good agreement between UAV and satellite data, with R
2 = 0.84, also validated with flow towers by the eddy covariance method. UAV-based ET was observed to correspond well to tower (EC) during full vegetative development of beans but is underestimated at the beginning of planting and in the final periods of plant senescence, due to the influence of soil or straw cover. These findings contribute to a better understanding of water dynamics in the system and to enhancing sustainable agricultural practices. This method, adapted for multispectral aerial imaging, can be applied flexibly and on-demand, in different contexts and ground cover. The study highlights the importance of integrated agricultural practices for better management of water resources and preservation of the Cerrado in balance with cultivation areas., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.)- Published
- 2024
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