40 results on '"Macromanagement"'
Search Results
2. Dynamic Decision-Making and Effective Communications
- Author
-
Shabsigh, Ridwan, Appelbaum, Eric C., Karpinos, Robert D., and Shabsigh, Ridwan, editor
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Comparative Analysis of Micro - and Macromanagement Features of the Inclusive School
- Author
-
Ionela Bucăloiu
- Subjects
nclusive school ,micromanagement ,macromanagement ,Business ,HF5001-6182 ,Economics as a science ,HB71-74 - Abstract
Making an effective school and classroom management in particular is indeed a challenge for both the director and the teachers. Because, it is necessary to consider the action of continuous regulation and efficiency of the communicative process, transformation of the institution into an inclusive organization in the sense of knowing, understanding the differences that arise from the multiple interactions between the people involved in the educational process, irrespective of the hierarchical line , but especially in order to exploit and maximize these differences in the direction of increasing the efficiency and productivity of work at both individual and collective level.
- Published
- 2019
4. Learning Macromanagement in Starcraft by Deep Reinforcement Learning
- Author
-
Wenzhen Huang, Qiyue Yin, Junge Zhang, and Kaiqi Huang
- Subjects
StarCraft ,macromanagement ,Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
StarCraft is a real-time strategy game that provides a complex environment for AI research. Macromanagement, i.e., selecting appropriate units to build depending on the current state, is one of the most important problems in this game. To reduce the requirements for expert knowledge and enhance the coordination of the systematic bot, we select reinforcement learning (RL) to tackle the problem of macromanagement. We propose a novel deep RL method, Mean Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (MA3C), which computes the approximate expected policy gradient instead of the gradient of sampled action to reduce the variance of the gradient, and encode the history queue with recurrent neural network to tackle the problem of imperfect information. The experimental results show that MA3C achieves a very high rate of winning, approximately 90%, against the weaker opponents and it improves the win rate about 30% against the stronger opponents. We also propose a novel method to visualize and interpret the policy learned by MA3C. Combined with the visualized results and the snapshots of games, we find that the learned macromanagement not only adapts to the game rules and the policy of the opponent bot, but also cooperates well with the other modules of MA3C-Bot.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Comparative Analysis of Micro - and Macromanagement Features of the Inclusive School.
- Author
-
Bucăloiu, Ionela
- Subjects
CLASSROOM management ,COMPARATIVE studies ,SCHOOL administration ,SCHOOLS ,TEACHERS - Abstract
Making an effective school and classroom management in particular is indeed a challenge for both the director and the teachers. Because, it is necessary to consider the action of continuous regulation and efficiency of the communicative process, transformation of the institution into an inclusive organization in the sense of knowing, understanding the differences that arise from the multiple interactions between the people involved in the educational process, irrespective of the hierarchical line, but especially in order to exploit and maximize these differences in the direction of increasing the efficiency and productivity of work at both individual and collective level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
6. Using psychological capital at organizational levels of study
- Author
-
Chalachew Almaw Tefera and William D. Hunsaker
- Subjects
Knowledge management ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,Perspective (graphical) ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Competitive advantage ,Structural equation modeling ,Multicollinearity ,Capital (economics) ,0502 economics and business ,050211 marketing ,Strategic management ,Macromanagement ,Psychology ,business ,050203 business & management ,Reliability (statistics) - Abstract
PurposeSince the term's introduction two decades ago, “psychological capital” has been described as an intangible strategic organizational resource. However, there remains a dearth of research regarding its application, especially in the macro-management fields. This paper addresses this gap by elevating the individual-level psychological capital (ILPC) concept to an equivalent organizational-level psychological capital (OLPC) model with appropriate methodological considerations.Design/methodology/approachThe elevation of ILPC to OLPC is conducted using referent shift approach. Then, the proposed OLPC model is tested and validated using the partial least-squares structural equation modeling analysis technique.FindingsTesting the OLPC model adequately validated the basic requirements of reliability, validity, multicollinearity and redundancy analysis. To ensure the practical use of the proposed model, a simulation study was also conducted, and the results confirmed the strength of ILPC being elevated to a model of OLPC.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings imply a better understanding of psychological capital from a multilevel perspective and present cross-level opportunities to enrich the scholarly corpus. The current paper also provides an insight into psychological capital management efficiency at all organizational levels so that the greatest benefits can be obtained.Originality/valueThis paper shows, for the first time, the possibility of borrowing ILPC concepts to help enact OLPC in organizations by means of a survey study. This paves the way for further investigation into the use of psychological capital at strategic and other macromanagement levels. Finally, future studies are encouraged to triangulate and strengthen the main arguments presented here.
- Published
- 2021
7. Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy.
- Author
-
Rithmire, Meg Elizabeth
- Subjects
- *
LAND use , *ECONOMIC development , *LAND management , *ECONOMIC reform , *HISTORY ,ECONOMIC conditions in China - Abstract
This article critically examines the origins and evolution of China’s unique land institutions and situates land policy in the larger context of China’s reforms and pursuit of economic growth. It argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has strengthened the institutions that permit land expropriation—namely, urban/rural dualism, decentralized land ownership, and hierarchical land management—in order to use land as a key instrument of macroeconomic regulation, helping the CCP respond to domestic and international economic trends and manage expansion and contraction. Key episodes of macroeconomic policymaking are analyzed, with the use of local and central documents, to show how the CCP relied on the manipulation and distribution of the national land supply either to stimulate economic growth or to rein in an overheating economy. China’s land institutions, therefore, share “complementarities” with fiscal and financial institutions and benefit powerful political actors while imposing costs on marginal ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Learning Macromanagement in Starcraft by Deep Reinforcement Learning
- Author
-
Kaiqi Huang, Qiyue Yin, Junge Zhang, and Wenzhen Huang
- Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology ,Computer science ,02 engineering and technology ,TP1-1185 ,ENCODE ,Biochemistry ,Article ,Analytical Chemistry ,020901 industrial engineering & automation ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Reinforcement learning ,Electrical and Electronic Engineering ,Instrumentation ,Queue ,business.industry ,Chemical technology ,Perfect information ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Variance (accounting) ,macromanagement ,Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics ,Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic ,Recurrent neural network ,StarCraft ,Asynchronous communication ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Macromanagement ,Artificial intelligence ,business - Abstract
StarCraft is a real-time strategy game that provides a complex environment for AI research. Macromanagement, i.e., selecting appropriate units to build depending on the current state, is one of the most important problems in this game. To reduce the requirements for expert knowledge and enhance the coordination of the systematic bot, we select reinforcement learning (RL) to tackle the problem of macromanagement. We propose a novel deep RL method, Mean Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (MA3C), which computes the approximate expected policy gradient instead of the gradient of sampled action to reduce the variance of the gradient, and encode the history queue with recurrent neural network to tackle the problem of imperfect information. The experimental results show that MA3C achieves a very high rate of winning, approximately 90%, against the weaker opponents and it improves the win rate about 30% against the stronger opponents. We also propose a novel method to visualize and interpret the policy learned by MA3C. Combined with the visualized results and the snapshots of games, we find that the learned macromanagement not only adapts to the game rules and the policy of the opponent bot, but also cooperates well with the other modules of MA3C-Bot.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy
- Author
-
Meg Rithmire
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,05 social sciences ,Land law ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Economic reform ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Context (language use) ,02 engineering and technology ,Political economy ,0502 economics and business ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Macromanagement ,050207 economics ,Economic system ,China ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) ,Land policy - Abstract
This article critically examines the origins and evolution of China’s unique land institutions and situates land policy in the larger context of China’s reforms and pursuit of economic growth. It argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has strengthened the institutions that permit land expropriation—namely, urban/rural dualism, decentralized land ownership, and hierarchical land management—in order to use land as a key instrument of macroeconomic regulation, helping the CCP respond to domestic and international economic trends and manage expansion and contraction. Key episodes of macroeconomic policymaking are analyzed, with the use of local and central documents, to show how the CCP relied on the manipulation and distribution of the national land supply either to stimulate economic growth or to rein in an overheating economy. China’s land institutions, therefore, share “complementarities” with fiscal and financial institutions and benefit powerful political actors while imposing costs on marginal ones.
- Published
- 2017
10. Grievance Redress and the Judiciary
- Author
-
Florian Matthey-Prakash
- Subjects
Micromanagement ,Political science ,Law ,Redress ,Grievance ,Macromanagement ,Right to education - Abstract
Chapter 6 explains why the judiciary, when assessing the State’s measures for furthering access to justice, should focus on the RTE grievance redress system, and should order that it be improved in order to compensate for the current lack of access to justice. Strategic PIL litigation may play an important role. The chapter shows what alterations are necessary in order for the system to provide adequate and effective means of enforcement. It shall be concluded that a system of ‘micromanagement’ through grievance redress at the ‘bottom’, with right-bearers approaching the redress bodies themselves, and ‘macromanagement’ of systemic deficiencies through adjudication in the higher judiciary at the ‘top’, with advocacy groups raising issues at that level, might actually be superior to the system that was originally conceived by the Constitution.
- Published
- 2019
11. Macromanagement and Strategy Classification in Real-Time Strategy Games
- Author
-
Fuheng Dai, Jianxing Gong, Jianguo Hao, and Jian Huang
- Subjects
Computer science ,business.industry ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,Adversary ,computer.software_genre ,Key features ,Machine learning ,Battlefield ,Virtual machine ,Real-time strategy ,Macromanagement ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,computer - Abstract
We have done some research on the macro-management modeling and strategy classification in the RTS(real-time strategy) game StarCraft. Similar to the real military battlefield, simulation in the virtual environment could do favor to modeling, realize and predict the opponent strategy which could lead us to the counter strategy. Firstly we collect several typical replays played by professional player, then we do some preprocess and extract the key features to readable data, finally, we use HMM-KNN to do the strategy classification.
- Published
- 2019
12. Integrative Ecosystem Management: Designing Cities and Co-creating the Flourishing Ecosystem
- Author
-
Clay, Larry Clinton, Jr
- Subjects
- Management, Organizational Behavior, Urban Planning, Systems Design, Sustainability, sustainable cities, macromanagement, ecosystems, innovation, resilience, Appreciative Inquiry, SOAR framework, dynamic capabilities, adaptive capacity, integrative systems management
- Abstract
Stakeholders in their cities and communities are increasingly concerned with how sustainable development initiatives are reconfiguring social, economic, political, ecological, built system resources towards the development of sustainable cities. Measuring city-level sustainability performance and implementing concrete sustainable development initiatives toward flourishing cities are among the biggest challenges societies face as we move into the first quarter of the twenty-first century. However, many cities, particularly in the U.S., have stagnated and are declining in their progress towards achieving sustainable cities. Reductionist approaches to managing sustainability and promoting change have not been sufficient to reverse the effects of climate change nor increase social well-being metrics within communities. Integrative, whole systems management approaches are emerging as viable options that are expected to be effective in tackling the challenges at the scale of organizational systems, cities, and communities. My empirical motivation is to extend the literature on integrative ecosystem management approaches that seek to transform cities as sustainable ecosystems filled with a flourishing vitality. I employed a mixed methods approach consisting of qualitative and quantitative methods. The three studies in this dissertation provide empirical evidence interpreted through multiple theoretical lenses. The benefit of the mixed methods approach was to examine various aspects and dimensions of sustainable development in cities ecosystems. These studies seek to explain how integrative systems management can serve as a viable and effective method to address the challenges of transitioning cities into sustainable ecosystems. Study 1 examines factors that lead to successful sustainable development implementation in cities based on interview data from sustainability managers. Study 2 covers a scale development study that observes Appreciative Inquiry (AI) platforms as the operating system and the strengths, opportunities, aspiration, results (SOAR) framework as the strategic process for improving innovative capacity and resilience in city ecosystems. Study 3 is a fuzzy-set qualitative comparative case analysis that forms combinations of factors explaining city ecosystems’ sustainable development performance. Based on my collective findings, I advance a discussion of three critical components that compose the integrative ecosystem management approach towards achieving cities as sustainable eco-systems: Macro-management strategy, meta-organization governance structure, and developing dynamic capabilities. Cities’ stakeholders that deploy the macromanagement strategy need to organize multiple stakeholders into a meta-organizing governance structure to develop dynamic capabilities that foster sustainable innovation towards achieving flourishing cities as sustainable ecosystems.
- Published
- 2021
13. Learning Macromanagement in Starcraft by Deep Reinforcement Learning.
- Author
-
Huang, Wenzhen, Yin, Qiyue, Zhang, Junge, Huang, Kaiqi, Šumak, Boštjan, and Pušnik, Maja
- Subjects
- *
REINFORCEMENT learning , *STRATEGY games , *DEEP learning , *RECURRENT neural networks , *RULES of games , *ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
StarCraft is a real-time strategy game that provides a complex environment for AI research. Macromanagement, i.e., selecting appropriate units to build depending on the current state, is one of the most important problems in this game. To reduce the requirements for expert knowledge and enhance the coordination of the systematic bot, we select reinforcement learning (RL) to tackle the problem of macromanagement. We propose a novel deep RL method, Mean Asynchronous Advantage Actor-Critic (MA3C), which computes the approximate expected policy gradient instead of the gradient of sampled action to reduce the variance of the gradient, and encode the history queue with recurrent neural network to tackle the problem of imperfect information. The experimental results show that MA3C achieves a very high rate of winning, approximately 90%, against the weaker opponents and it improves the win rate about 30% against the stronger opponents. We also propose a novel method to visualize and interpret the policy learned by MA3C. Combined with the visualized results and the snapshots of games, we find that the learned macromanagement not only adapts to the game rules and the policy of the opponent bot, but also cooperates well with the other modules of MA3C-Bot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Learning Macromanagement in StarCraft from Replays using Deep Learning
- Author
-
Niels Justesen and Sebastian Risi
- Subjects
FOS: Computer and information sciences ,Highly skilled ,Artificial neural network ,Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence ,Computer science ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Challenging environment ,Open source ,Artificial Intelligence (cs.AI) ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Reinforcement learning ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Macromanagement ,Artificial intelligence ,Hidden Markov model ,business ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
The real-time strategy game StarCraft has proven to be a challenging environment for artificial intelligence techniques, and as a result, current state-of-the-art solutions consist of numerous hand-crafted modules. In this paper, we show how macromanagement decisions in StarCraft can be learned directly from game replays using deep learning. Neural networks are trained on 789,571 state-action pairs extracted from 2,005 replays of highly skilled players, achieving top-1 and top-3 error rates of 54.6% and 22.9% in predicting the next build action. By integrating the trained network into UAlbertaBot, an open source StarCraft bot, the system can significantly outperform the game's built-in Terran bot, and play competitively against UAlbertaBot with a fixed rush strategy. To our knowledge, this is the first time macromanagement tasks are learned directly from replays in StarCraft. While the best hand-crafted strategies are still the state-of-the-art, the deep network approach is able to express a wide range of different strategies and thus improving the network's performance further with deep reinforcement learning is an immediately promising avenue for future research. Ultimately this approach could lead to strong StarCraft bots that are less reliant on hard-coded strategies., Comment: 8 pages, to appear in the proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG 2017)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. The Positive Arc of Systemic Strengths: How Appreciative Inquiry and Sustainable Designing Can Bring Out the Best in Human Systems
- Author
-
Michelle McQuaid and David L. Cooperrider
- Subjects
geography ,Appreciative inquiry ,Summit ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Human systems engineering ,business.industry ,Public relations ,Collective action ,Action (philosophy) ,Leverage (negotiation) ,Scalability ,Sociology ,Macromanagement ,Marketing ,business - Abstract
'The Positive Arc of Systemic Strengths' explores the important question: when is it that the best in human systems comes out most naturally and easily—especially in collective action, planning and design initiatives encompassing regions and cities, extended enterprises, industries and UN-level world summits? By analysing the per- formance and impacts of six case studies of the 'whole system in the room' Apprecia- tive Inquiry design summit, this article provides a bird's eye view of the opportunities, challenges and exciting new vistas opening up in this, the collaborative age—a time when systemic action and macromanagement skill are the primary leverage points for game-changing innovation, scalable solutions and industry leadership. While management innovation is rare, this article proposes that the tools are at hand for us to stand up, step up and scale up as we build a world where businesses can excel, people can thrive and nature can flourish.
- Published
- 2012
16. Paradoxos das políticas de descentralização de saúde no Brasil
- Author
-
Eveline Dischkaln Stolz, Dário Frederico Pasche, Liane Beatriz Righi, and Henrique Inácio Thomé
- Subjects
Government ,business.industry ,Constitution ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Public administration ,Decentralization ,Politics ,Political science ,Health care ,Macromanagement ,business ,Autonomy ,Health policy ,media_common - Abstract
The constitution of Brazil directs that the countrys health system, the Unified Health System (Sistema Unico de Saude), be politically and administratively decentralized. Nevertheless, handing over competencies, responsibilities, and resources to subnational levels, especially to municipal governments, has been a slow process, lasting almost two decades. Advances have been brought about by the Unified Health System, which, from a analytical perspective, is a public and universal system. Despite that, the decentralization process needs to overcome norms that keep all levels of management dependent on Brazils federal Government. The subnational levels have consistently faced difficulties in performing their macromanagement functions with autonomy, especially when it comes to financing and to the establishment or organization of health care networks. Boldness and responsibility will be needed to prevent Brazils health decentralization process from leading to fragmentation. New political agreements between different levels of government, with a reassignment of responsibilities and the enhancement of a culture of technical cooperation, are fundamental requisites to making the Unified Health System have a health policy that is truly public and universal.
- Published
- 2006
17. Economic reforms in India: Understanding the process and learning from experience
- Author
-
Deepak Nayyar
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Economic growth ,Process (engineering) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Economic reform ,Context (language use) ,Development ,External debt ,Competition (economics) ,Market economy ,State (polity) ,Political Science and International Relations ,Economics ,Macromanagement ,Marketization ,media_common - Abstract
This paper seeks to develop an understanding of the factors that made reforms possible and analyse the lessons that emerge from the experience. The external debt crisis allowed the reforms to be introduced, while the changed international context supported the process. The lessons learnt are that: competition in the market is desirable; marketization, in itself, is not always desirable; and the speed and sequence of change matter. The lessons not yet learnt are that: a prudent macromanagement of the economy is essential; infrastructure is of critical importance; and the role of the state in a market economy must be redefined. Some essentials, however, are forgotten. This needs correctives.
- Published
- 2004
18. American macromanagement issues and policy
- Author
-
John B. Davis and Joseph P. Daniels
- Subjects
Globalization ,Process (engineering) ,Political economy ,Production (economics) ,International community ,Business and Management ,World trade ,International business ,Business ,Macromanagement ,Public administration ,Administration (government) - Abstract
The authors address questions in current business and policy literature regarding the structural linkages evolving in the globalization process. The authors conclude that the US administration and American firms have to be more responsive to the interests of the international community that are being vitally affected by the integrating effects of transnational production and world trade.
- Published
- 2013
19. US firms in world finance
- Author
-
Walid Hejazi and Marc von der Ruhr
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Alliance ,Market economy ,Business and Management ,Business ,New economy ,Macromanagement ,International business ,Capitalism ,Economic system - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
20. US structural change: macroeconomic policy issues
- Author
-
Willem Thorbecke and Ahmet Tiryaki
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Alliance ,Market economy ,Structural change ,Economics ,Business and Management ,Macromanagement ,New economy ,International business ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
21. Long-range planning
- Author
-
Gavin Boyd
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Market economy ,Alliance ,Long-range planning ,Business and Management ,New economy ,Macromanagement ,International business ,Business ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
22. Problems of governance in the USA
- Author
-
John Kirton
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Market economy ,Alliance ,Corporate governance ,Macromanagement ,International business ,Business ,New economy ,Economic system ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
23. The US policy mix and corporate strategies
- Author
-
Frank A. Schmid and William R. Emmons
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Alliance ,Market economy ,Policy mix ,Business and Management ,Business ,New economy ,Macromanagement ,International business ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
24. American alliance capitalism: flagship-led clusters
- Author
-
Alan M. Rugman and Alain Verbeke
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Alliance ,Market economy ,Business and Management ,New economy ,Business ,International business ,Macromanagement ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
- Published
- 2013
25. The Gist of the Treasury Function
- Author
-
Marina Guzik
- Subjects
Micromanagement ,Actuarial science ,Money market account ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cash flow ,Business ,Macromanagement ,Cash management ,Function (engineering) ,Treasury ,Terminology ,media_common - Abstract
Generally speaking, there are two main facets of cash management as a functional concept. For the lack of better terminology, let me call them macromanagement and micromanagement. They are equally important and cannot be isolated from each other—successful macromanagement guarantees more efficient micromanagement.
- Published
- 2011
26. Cash Flow Projections
- Author
-
Marina Guzik
- Subjects
Finance ,Scope (project management) ,business.industry ,Cash ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Cash flow ,Business ,Macromanagement ,Liquidity risk ,Discount points ,Cash flow forecasting ,media_common ,Treasury - Abstract
Cash projection is the most important treasury macromanagement tool. It is a dynamic report that extends into the future covering the time frame within the limits that should make sense for a particular business. The report’s main purposes are 1. to provide you with a clear vision of whether the company will be able to meet its cash demands at any given point within the time scope of the forecast; and 2. to prompt you to take appropriate long-term (liquidity management) and short-term (borrowing and disbursements administration) actions ensuring that these demands are satisfied. Generally speaking, these objectives are achieved through the accurate assessment of two basic cash movements: inflows and outflows.
- Published
- 2011
27. Macromanagement System and Regulation Measures for China’s Sustainable City Construction
- Author
-
Jingzhu Zhao
- Subjects
Sustainable city ,Process (engineering) ,Urban planning ,Urbanization ,Control (management) ,Business ,Macromanagement ,Chinese economy ,China ,Environmental planning - Abstract
After nearly 30 years practice, China has made great progress in the field of sustainable city, especially achieving some breakthroughs in theoretical and practical issues. The Chinese economy is experiencing rapid development along with the three-step macrostrategy, and the urbanization process keeps on accelerating, making the task of sustainable construction and development faced by China extremely urgent. It is, therefore, vital for us to put forward and develop the macromanagement system and control measures for China’s sustainable city development according to the national conditions so that China’s sustainable city construction and development will be further promoted and assured. Sustainable city construction and development involves so many factors, and this book only carries out discussions and explorations on some comprehensive and fundamental factors.
- Published
- 2010
28. Research on industrial structure optimization and policy orientation of China's pollution-free food
- Author
-
Da-wei Zhao, De-zhang Wang, and Yu-nan Liu
- Subjects
Food industry ,business.industry ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Innovation management ,Food processing ,Production (economics) ,Quality (business) ,Macromanagement ,Product (category theory) ,Macro ,Marketing ,business ,Industrial organization ,media_common - Abstract
The essence of industrial structural optimization is now transforming from more input in the past to the dependence on informationization, the enhancement of independent innovation and being creative in macro-management to realize the industrial development. In order to solve the problems which was reflected during the course of the rapid development of Chinese pollution- free food industry , and the problems includes the product and scale structure of the enterprises which is the factor that affect the quality of the product , the key point is to disclose the general rules of industrial structure evolution and macro management innovation theoretically, to clarify the inherent basis of industrial structure optimization and how to adjust macro management to this requirement for developing China's pollution- free food industry. According to the theory of industry economy management, this paper systematically analyzes the industrial structure characteristics, problems and causes, and constructs the model of industrial structure optimization and upgrading. It also discloses the bases, conditions, the main contents and methods by way of the policy orientation for promoting industrial structure optimization of China's pollution- free food.
- Published
- 2009
29. The Sharing Study on Tacit Knowledge in SDN Enterprise
- Author
-
Fuyuan Xu and Caihong Liu
- Subjects
Software ,Knowledge management ,Enterprise system ,business.industry ,Computer science ,Tacit knowledge ,Information system ,Table (database) ,The Internet ,Macromanagement ,InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS ,business ,Enterprise resource planning - Abstract
To study the sharing of tacit knowledge in SDN enterprise, a multi-dimensional tacit knowledge model is built at first. Then, as the way of tacit knowledge shared, blog system is researched to be interfaced into SDN enterprise system. The sharing study on tacit knowledge focuses on the realizing ideas and realizing codes of the enterprise management "blog" module which embodies the macro-management of sharing. For knowledge further shared, the macro-management is carried on through three guidance table for blog registering and classifying the signing up successfully blogs into three communities. This study presents the theory and method reference to the effective implementation of "blog" for the tacit knowledge sharing.
- Published
- 2008
30. Macromanagement of ITS and Logistics Services Demand and Supply
- Author
-
Radačić, Željko, Bošnjak, Ivan, Čurepić, Danko, and Fabjan, Daša
- Subjects
Logistics ,Intelligent Transport Systems ,Macromanagement ,Interactions - Abstract
The development and deployment of Intelligent Transport Systems and logistics services will ultimately need to be integrated within larger transport and communications policies and programs on the state level. Although the basic tehnical standards and the European ITS architectural framework are ensured, several macromanagement issues are open. In our environment transport telematics and ITS were initially deployed as a set of semi-autonomous local implementations with different actors from the transport, communications and computing industries. The development of ITS and logistics services are evolutionary and their implementation relies on their interactions with other services and potentionally with services outside the ITS domain. The national ITS architecture and Intelligent Transport City models (such is CROCITS) define technological and beyond-technological frameworks within which the ITS user service can be successfully implemented. Effective planning and coordination of logistics and implementation have to ensure: - prevention of undesirable side effects, - system coherency and interoperability, - public/private partnership. The paper will consider the ITS macro-management as a set of measures and instruments aimed at effective demand and supply management of ITS and logistics services. Within the ITS architectural framework and the accepted ITS program, specialized ITS activities can be harmonized among actors. The paper will also analyze the direct and indirect "system interactions" between the end-users and the operators.
- Published
- 2003
31. Health system reforms in industrialized democracies: an emerging paradigm
- Author
-
Dov Chernichovsky
- Subjects
Financing, Government ,Cost Control ,Consumer choice ,Population health ,Public administration ,Health Services Accessibility ,Health care ,Perfect competition ,Humans ,Industry ,Sociology ,Israel ,Health policy ,Equity (economics) ,Economic Competition ,Public economics ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Australia ,Democracy ,United States ,Europe ,Patient Satisfaction ,Health Care Reform ,Models, Organizational ,Macromanagement ,business ,Public finance - Abstract
Despite the wide variety of health care systems in industrialized democracies, a universal paradigm for financing, organization, and macromanagement has been emerging through reforms of the past decade. The policies within this paradigm attempt to promote equity, social efficiency, and consumer satisfaction by combining the advantages of public finance principles--universal access and control of spending--with the advantages of competitive market principles--consumer satisfaction and internal efficiency. This paradigm is characterized by three systemic functions: (1) financing of care, based on public finance principles, not necessarily carried out by government; (2) organization and management of publicly funded care consumption by either competing nongovernmental entities or noncompeting public administrations; and (3) provision of care based on competitive market principles. The institutional arrangement of these functions lends itself to the creation of two internal markets for consumer choice and, of the three, the second function is a key component of the emerging paradigm.
- Published
- 1995
32. A strategic matrix model for the apple industry in Lebanon
- Author
-
Rock-Antoine Mehanna
- Subjects
Economics and Econometrics ,Government ,Economy ,Value (economics) ,Economics ,Subsidy ,Strategic management ,Macromanagement ,Business and International Management ,Rivalry ,Matrix model - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the Lebanese apple industry from a strategic macromanagement perspective. It employs the Industry Value Chain (IVC) framework, along with Porter's Five Forces of rivalry as a methodology to enable the formulation of a matrix model comprising grand and competitive strategies. Several experiences from the USA, New Zealand, Chile, Mexico and Canada are discussed to draw some differences and similarities. This topic comes at a time when the government is struggling to find solutions for the apple sector. However, the governmental discussions and suggested solutions pivot mostly around technical and policy-oriented issues (e.g., government subsidies and limited seasonal national campaigns), disregarding any serious analysis of business-oriented solutions and private-public sector collaboration.
- Published
- 2009
33. Management, Humanism, and Society: The Case for Macromanagement Theory
- Author
-
Dalton E. McFarland
- Subjects
Institutionalisation ,Social system ,Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Management research ,Management styles ,Engineering ethics ,Sociology ,Macromanagement ,Social science ,Humanism ,Social institution ,General Business, Management and Accounting - Abstract
Organizations are managed with little direct reference to their roles as components of social institutions. Understanding these roles requires research centered on building theory at the macromanagement level. Research on interorganizational relationships is a step in this direction, but more research is needed on institutionalization processes and related humanistic values.
- Published
- 1977
34. The Managerial Imperative: The Age of MacromanagementThe Managerial Imperative: The Age of Macromanagement, by McFarlandDalton E.. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger Publishing Co., 1986, 370 pp., $29.95
- Author
-
Philip R. Harris
- Subjects
Management of Technology and Innovation ,Strategy and Management ,Macromanagement ,Sociology ,General Business, Management and Accounting ,Management - Abstract
The article reviews the book “The Managerial Imperative: The Age of Macromanagement,” by Dalton McFarland."
- Published
- 1986
35. The context of management reform
- Author
-
William J. Conyngham
- Subjects
Management theory ,Council of Ministers ,Political science ,Industrial management ,Context (language use) ,Macromanagement ,Political mobilization ,Public administration ,Modernization theory - Published
- 1982
36. The US financial sector: regulatory issues
- Author
-
Kenneth Spong
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Market economy ,Alliance ,Business and Management ,Business ,International business ,New economy ,Macromanagement ,Economic system ,Capitalism ,Financial sector - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
37. The US current account: issues and implications
- Author
-
Daniel T. Griswold
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Alliance ,Market economy ,Economics ,Business and Management ,New economy ,International business ,Macromanagement ,Current account ,Economic system ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
38. American structural and policy interdependencies
- Author
-
Gavin Boyd
- Subjects
Competition (economics) ,Interdependence ,Alliance ,Market economy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Business and Management ,New economy ,International business ,Macromanagement ,Business ,Economic system ,Capitalism ,media_common - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
39. Globalization and economic integration: implications for microeconomic policy in the USA and Europe
- Author
-
Paul Brenton
- Subjects
Economic integration ,Competition (economics) ,Globalization ,Market economy ,Alliance ,Economics ,Business and Management ,International business ,New economy ,Macromanagement ,Capitalism - Abstract
Alliance Capitalism for the New American Economy advocates engagement with the USA's macromanagement problems in a spirit of alliance capitalism, for the development of a more integrated, dynamic economy. Whereas most studies of the USA emphasise the efficiency effects of intense competition between firms, this book stresses that as the new economy becomes more knowledge based, its development necessitates active intercorporate cooperation, especially in high technology sectors.
40. Macromanagement of Essential Consumption Items in Developing Countries: the Case of India
- Author
-
Nikhilesh Dholakia and Rakesh Khurana
- Subjects
Marketing ,Consumption (economics) ,Economic growth ,Development economics ,Developing country ,Business ,Macromanagement - Published
- 1981
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