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Online distance learners are in a particularly complex relationship with the educational institutions they belong to (Bayne, Gallagher, & Lamb, 2012). For part-time distance students, arrivals and departures can be multiple and invisible as students take courses, take breaks, move into independent study phases of a programme, find work or family commitments overtaking their study time, experience personal upheaval or loss, and find alignments between their professional and academic work. These comings and goings indicate a fluid and temporary assemblage of engagement, not a permanent or stable state of either "presence" or "distance". This paper draws from interview data from the "New Geographies of Learning" project, a research project exploring the notions of space and institution for the MSc in Digital Education at the University of Edinburgh, and from literature on distance learning and online community. The concept of nearness emerged from the data analyzing the comings and goings of students on a fully online programme. It proposes that "nearness" to a distance programme is a temporary assemblage of people, circumstances, and technologies. This state is difficult to establish and impossible to sustain in an uninterrupted way over the long period of time that many are engaged in part-time study. Interruptions and subsequent returns should therefore be seen as normal in the practice of studying as an online distance learner, and teachers and institutions should work to help students develop resilience in negotiating various states of nearness. Four strategies for increasing this resilience are proposed: recognising nearness as effortful; identifying affinities; valuing perspective shifts; and designing openings.

University teachers are faced with a problem of "knowing" their learners when teaching on a Massive Open Online Course (MOOC). This paper explores and analyses what the University of Edinburgh has come to know about its recent MOOC participants, highlighting one particular course. We draw attention to barriers and enablers from co-existent understandings and expectations of course design, and from an abundance of highly qualified participants. We compare characteristics of participants who report a positive experience with those who do not. Mixed messages about teacher presence may have implications that go beyond MOOCs. We contemplate whether the participant group should be seen as a single massive multivocal entity. The paper concludes with a discussion of the potential opportunity for MOOCs to challenge standardization, homogenization and commodification of education. Shifting attention from the achievements of an individual to what can be done with a multitude, MOOCs may open up new educational arenas.

Engagement with Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) at the University of Edinburgh has emerged from its strategic priorities to explore and innovate in the area of online and technologically supported approaches to teaching and learning. This paper provides an account of analysis aimed at understanding who Edinburgh MOOC learners are, who elects to participate and the aspirations of that population, and the place that the MOOC will occupy in the University's online learning ecology. The analysis addresses a number of predictions that have been made about MOOCs since 2012, including their use for providing educational opportunities to the disadvantaged; global uptake of online learning; growth of an "educational imperialism"; and the claim that "MOOCs are for male geeks", and concludes with some observations about the University of Edinburgh's future plans in this space.

Learning technologies are becoming a common, and in many cases essential, component of the contemporary learning environment. As such, those who design, implement and control these encompassing technologies have emerged as major contributors to the success (or otherwise) of such systems. This article considers the power and responsibilities of learning technologists and the ways that they affect the teaching and learning environments around them. It does this by investigating, through semi-structured interview, the praxis of a learning technology group at the University of Edinburgh and relating this to professional issues for learning technologists in general. The article goes on to develop a typology of learning technology service provision based on the relationship between the learning technologist and the context in which their work is to be used. This is compared with interviews with practitioners, and a series of principles and recommendations is then developed. The thrust of these is that direct participation in the learning community is essential for learning technologists and that common codes of practice for learning technologists are required, both as a benchmark and as a framework by which professional practice can be measured and developed. (Contains 4 notes.)

The term "game-based learning" has emerged as a general name for the use of computer games in education. Despite early work showing rich inferential learning taking place as a result of gameplay, most game-based learning has been geared towards using a game as a host into which curricular content can be embedded. This approach can be problematic, however, because it too often builds upon the premise that learning is not fun and that games are, and that by introducing a game element, one can make learning fun. The authors argue that the processes involved in learning and play are often very similar, and the true potential of gaming in higher education may be realized in other ways. By allowing the learning process to become informed rather than supplemented by processes identified with successful gameplay, instructors can maintain consistency and coherence without relying on extrinsic motivational interventions. In contrast to game-based learning, "game-informed learning suggests that educational processes themselves should be informed by the experience of gameplay--a tenet similar to the principles of contemporary active learning approaches such as constructivism and problem-based learning (PBL). The principles of successful gameplay build on these established learning practices, suggesting that game-informed learning may offer a particularly valuable--and already influential--alternative to game-based learning in higher education. The authors present a descriptive sequence of gameplay and outline learning scenarios derived from course content in the undergraduate medical curriculum at the University of Edinburgh's College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine. (Contains 3 figures.)

Describes a study conducted at the University of Edinburgh that investigated new undergraduate students' experience, skills, and attitudes to technology in order to develop a university-wide ICT (information and communication technology) literacy strategy. Considers the changing gender ratio, with substantial increases in female students, as well as student and graduate mobility. (LRW)

Discussion of computer-based learning (CBL) in universities focuses on a study in the United Kingdom that measured the effectiveness of replacing lectures with CBL materials. Describes the results of questionnaires used to assess students' perceptions of the usefulness and effectiveness of the CBL materials compared to lectures. (Author/LRW)

Discusses the need for more flexible learning frameworks for higher education and lifelong learning, and considers the use of communication and information technology to meet those needs. Focuses on conferencing technologies, including video conferencing; text-based communication (email, bulletin boards, and conferencing); and audio conferencing. (LRW)

Describes a study of undergraduates in the United Kingdom that investigated the relationship between computer anxiety and self-ratings of mood change. Mood was measured either by a computerized form of visual analog mood scales (VAMS) or by a paper-and-pencil test, the Velten Mood Induction Procedure and the Computer Anxiety Rating Scale was also used. (Author/LRW)

The ingestion of food activates the functioning of stereotypies such as chain manipulation and excessive drinking. This is reflective of motivational state alterations and behavioral activation. These results are derived from studies conducted to determine if ingestion of food stimulates the performance of these stereotypies in sows. Post-feeding levels of drinking are higher during the morning than in the afternoon, probably due to higher levels of food anticipation.

Results of a study of disadvantaged primary school children which focused on effects of exposure to Logo, microcomputer social interaction, and children's expressed interest in computers, are discussed in context of relevant literature. It is concluded computer literacy should be primary goal at this level and computer equity is crucial. (MBR)

Studies of operant responding in pigs reveal that the design of manipulanda influence the extent of operant responding. Pigs prefer a manipulandum that permits them to exhibit more species-typical properties. Pigs respond more to paddle manipulandum, as it increases sensory feedback, than on tactile stimulation of the snout and oral stimulation of the mouth.