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1. Cradles and museums of generic plant diversity across tropical Africa

Author

Dagallier, Léo-Paul M. J., Janssens, Steven B., Dauby, Gilles, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Mackinder, Barbara A., Droissart, Vincent, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Sosef, Marc S. M., Staévart, Tariq, Harris, David J., Sonkaé, Bonaventure, Wieringa, Jan J., Hardy, Olivier J., and Couvreur, Thomas L. P.

Published
2020

2. Beyond trees: Biogeographical regionalization of tropical Africa

Author

Droissart, Vincent, Dauby, Gilles, Hardy, Olivier J., Deblauwe, Vincent, Harris, David J., Janssens, Steven, Mackinder, Barbara A., Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc S. M., Stévart, Tariq, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Wieringa, Jan J., and Couvreur, Thomas L. P.

Published
2018

3. A systematic study and phylogenetic investigation of the genus Berlinia (Caesalpinioideae: Leguminosae)

Author

Mackinder, Barbara

Subjects
580
Abstract

Berlinia is here enumerated as comprising 20 species, of which four were discovered and described during the course of the study. The existence of another new species is postulated. Red data assessments made according to IUCN categories show that ten species qualify for a category of threat, eight are Vulnerable, one is Endangered and one is Critically Endangered. The genus is almost exclusively west and west-central African, with a centre of diversity in coastal Gabon. A single species is confined to coastal East Africa. Typically, Berlinia species are trees of lowland forest including swamp and gallery forest formations. Separate phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence data from the trnL region and psbA-trnH regions of the chloroplast confirmed that Berlinia was a member of tribe Macrolobieae and combined analyses of the two regions showed Isoberlinia and Anthonotha to be its closest relatives. Berlinia species were placed into two major clades. One clade contained species better able to tolerate relatively dry conditions than the other, had longer branches, was better resolved and better supported than the other clade, which was composed of eight of the ten most hygrophilous species in the genus, and had shorter branches with poor resolution. The short branches of the “wetter clade” indicate a significant proportion of Berlinia diversity is of recent (Pleistocene) origin. ITS data indicated that B. confusa as currently circumscribed may be a polyphyletic assemblage of two or more cryptic species. Within the long-branched clade, B. orientalis, the sole east African species was sister to the remaining species and may be a relic of a previous continuous west-east forest cover which was disrupted by the late Miocene aridification of Africa that followed the closure of the Tethys Sea, and the subsequent uplift of the central African Plateau.

Published
2006

5. A new subfamily classification of the Leguminosae based on a taxonomically comprehensive phylogeny

Author

Azani, Nasim, Babineau, Marielle, Bailey, C. Donovan, Banks, Hannah, Barbosa, Ariane R., Pinto, Rafael Barbosa, Boatwright, James S., Borges, Leonardo M., Brown, Gillian K., Bruneau, Anne, Candido, Elisa, Cardoso, Domingos, Chung, Kuo-Fang, Clark, Ruth P., Conceição, Adilva de S., Crisp, Michael, Cubas, Paloma, Delgado-Salinas, Alfonso, Dexter, Kyle G., Doyle, Jeff J., Duminil, Jérôme, Egan, Ashley N., Estrella, Manuel de la, Falcão, Marcus J., Filatov, Dmitry A., Fortuna-Perez, Ana Paula, Fortunato, Renée H., Gagnon, Edeline, Gasson, Peter, Rando, Juliana Gastaldello, de Azevedo Tozzi, Ana Maria Goulart, Gunn, Bee, Harris, David, Haston, Elspeth, Hawkins, Julie A., Herendeen, Patrick S., Hughes, Colin E., Iganci, João R.V., Javadi, Firouzeh, Kanu, Sheku Alfred, Kazempour-Osaloo, Shahrokh, Kite, Geoffrey C., Klitgaard, Bente B., Kochanovski, Fábio J., Koenen, Erik J.M., Kovar, Lynsey, Lavin, Matt, Roux, Marianne le, Lewis, Gwilym P., Lima, Haroldo C. de, López-Roberts, Maria Cristina, Mackinder, Barbara, Maia, Vitor Hugo, Malécot, Valéry, Mansano, Vidal F., Marazzi, Brigitte, Mattapha, Sawai, Miller, Joseph T., Mitsuyuki, Chika, Moura, Tania, Murphy, Daniel J., Nageswara-Rao, Madhugiri, Nevado, Bruno, Neves, Danilo, Ojeda, Dario I., Pennington, R. Toby, Prado, Darién E., Prenner, Gerhard, de Queiroz, Luciano Paganucci, Ramos, Gustavo, Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato, Ribeiro, Pétala G., Rico-Arce, María de Lourdes, Sanderson, Michael J., Santos-Silva, Juliana, São-Mateus, Wallace M.B., Silva, Marcos J.S., Simon, Marcelo F., Sinou, Carole, Snak, Cristiane, de Souza, Élvia R., Sprent, Janet, Steele, Kelly P., Steier, Julia E., Steeves, Royce, Stirton, Charles H., Tagane, Shuichiro, Torke, Benjamin M., Toyama, Hironori, da Cruz, Daiane Trabuco, Vatanparast, Mohammad, Wieringa, Jan J., Wink, Michael, Wojciechowski, Martin F., Yahara, Tetsukazu, Yi, Tingshuang, and Zimmerman, Erin

Published
2017

8. Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: Progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades

Author

The Legume Phylogeny Working Group, Bruneau, Anne, Doyle, Jeff J., Herendeen, Patrick, Hughes, Colin, Kenicer, Greg, Lewis, Gwilym, Mackinder, Barbara, Pennington, R. Toby, Sanderson, Michael J., Wojciechowski, Martin F., Boatwright, Stephen, Brown, Gillian, Cardoso, Domingos, Crisp, Michael, Egan, Ashley, Fortunato, Renée H., Hawkins, Julie, Kajita, Tadashi, Klitgaard, Bente, Koenen, Erik, Lavin, Matt, Luckow, Melissa, Marazzi, Brigitte, McMahon, Michelle M., Miller, Joseph T., Murphy, Daniel J., Ohashi, Hiroyoshi, de Queiroz, Luciano P., Rico, Lourdes, Särkinen, Tiina, Schrire, Brian, Simon, Marcelo F., Souza, Elvia R., Steele, Kelly, Torke, Benjamin M., Wieringa, Jan J., and van Wyk, Ben-Erik

Published
2013

16. Acacia: The Case against Moving the Type to Australia

Author

Luckow, Melissa, Hughes, Colin, Schrire, Brian, Winter, Pieter, Fagg, Christopher, Fortunato, Renee, Hurter, Johan, Rico, Lourdes, Breteler, Frans J., Bruneau, Anne, Caccavari, Marta, Craven, Lyn, Crisp, Mike, S., Alfonso Delgado, Demissew, Sebsebe, Doyle, Jeffrey J., Grether, Rosaura, Harris, Stephen, Herendeen, Patrick S., Hernández, Héctor M., Hirsch, Ann M., Jobson, Richard, Klitgaard, Bente B., Labat, Jean-Noël, Lock, Mike, MacKinder, Barbara, Pfeil, Bernard, Simpson, Beryl B., Smith, Gideon F., S., Mario Sousa, Timberlake, Jonathan, van der Maesen, Jos G., Van Wyk, A. E., Vorster, Piet, Willis, Christopher K., Wieringa, Jan J., and Wojciechowski, Martin F.

Published
2005
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17. Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Author

Couvreur, Thomas, Dauby, Gilles, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Deblauwe, Vincent, Dessein, Steven, Droissart, Vincent, Hardy, Oliver, Harris, David, Janssens, Steven, Ley, Alexandra, Mackinder, Barbara, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc, Stévart, Tariq, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Wieringa, Jan, Faye, Adama, Missoup, Alain, Tolley, Krystal, Nicolas, Violaine, Ntie, Stéphan, Fluteau, Frédéric, Robin, Cécile, Guillocheau, Francois, Barboni, Doris, Sepulchre, Pierre, Diversité, adaptation, développement des plantes (UMR DIADE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), Meise Botanic Garden [Belgium] (Plantentuin), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Université de Yaoundé I, Missouri Botanical Garden, Royal Botanic Garden [Edinburgh], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden], LNRPV Laboratoire National de Recherches et de Productions Végétales, Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles [Dakar] (ISRA), LPF, University of Douala, South African National Biodiversity Institute, University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP (UMR_7154)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation du climat (CLIM), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-15- CE02-0002-01, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, RAINBIO, Fondation pour la Recherche sur la Biodiversite, ANR-15-CE02-0002,AFRODYN,Forêts tropicales humides d'Afrique Centrale : dynamiques passées et résiliences futures(2015), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), University of California, Botanic Garden Meise, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku [Franceville, Gabon] (USTM), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, tropical Africa, Cenozoic, dated molecular phylogenies, palaeoclimate models, African geology, speciation models, Original Articles, Biodiversity, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Plants, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Animals, Original Article, fossils, Biologie, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity. In parallel, extended geological and palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations have refined our understanding of past geological and climatic changes in Africa. To date, these important advances have not been reviewed within a common framework. Here, we critically review and synthesize African climate, tectonics and terrestrial biodiversity evolution throughout the Cenozoic to the mid-Pleistocene, drawing on recent advances in Earth and life sciences. We first review six major geo-climatic periods defining tropical African biodiversity diversification by synthesizing 89 dated molecular phylogeny studies. Two major geo-climatic factors impacting the diversification of the sub-Saharan biota are highlighted. First, Africa underwent numerous climatic fluctuations at ancient and more recent timescales, with tectonic, greenhouse gas, and orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, increased aridification since the Late Eocene led to important extinction events, but also provided unique diversification opportunities shaping the current tropical African biodiversity landscape. We then review diversification studies of tropical terrestrial animal and plant clades and discuss three major models of speciation: (i) geographic speciation via vicariance (allopatry); (ii) ecological speciation impacted by climate and geological changes, and (iii) genomic speciation via genome duplication. Geographic speciation has been the most widely documented to date and is a common speciation model across tropical Africa. We conclude with four important challenges faced by tropical African biodiversity research: (i) to increase knowledge by gathering basic and fundamental biodiversity information; (ii) to improve modelling of African geophysical evolution throughout the Cenozoic via better constraints and downscaling approaches; (iii) to increase the precision of phylogenetic reconstruction and molecular dating of tropical African clades by using next generation sequencing approaches together with better fossil calibrations; (iv) finally, as done here, to integrate data better from Earth and life sciences by focusing on the interdisciplinary study of the evolution of tropical African biodiversity in a wider geodiversity context., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2021

19. Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Author

Couvreur, Thomas L P, Dauby, Gilles, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Deblauwe, Vincent, Dessein, Steven, Droissart, Vincent, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David, Janssens, Steven, Ley, Alexandra, Mackinder, Barbara B.A., Sonke, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc S M, Stévart, Tariq, Svenning, Jens Christian, Wieringa, Jan J.J., Faye, Adama, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tolley, Krystal K.A., Nicolas, Violaine, Ntie, Stéphan, Fluteau, Frédiéric, Robin, Cécile, Guillocheau, Francois, Barboni, Doris, Sepulchre, Pierre, Couvreur, Thomas L P, Dauby, Gilles, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Deblauwe, Vincent, Dessein, Steven, Droissart, Vincent, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David, Janssens, Steven, Ley, Alexandra, Mackinder, Barbara B.A., Sonke, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc S M, Stévart, Tariq, Svenning, Jens Christian, Wieringa, Jan J.J., Faye, Adama, Missoup, Alain Didier, Tolley, Krystal K.A., Nicolas, Violaine, Ntie, Stéphan, Fluteau, Frédiéric, Robin, Cécile, Guillocheau, Francois, Barboni, Doris, and Sepulchre, Pierre

Abstract

Tropical Africa is home to an astonishing biodiversity occurring in a variety of ecosystems. Past climatic change and geological events have impacted the evolution and diversification of this biodiversity. During the last two decades, around 90 dated molecular phylogenies of different clades across animals and plants have been published leading to an increased understanding of the diversification and speciation processes generating tropical African biodiversity. In parallel, extended geological and palaeoclimatic records together with detailed numerical simulations have refined our understanding of past geological and climatic changes in Africa. To date, these important advances have not been reviewed within a common framework. Here, we critically review and synthesize African climate, tectonics and terrestrial biodiversity evolution throughout the Cenozoic to the mid-Pleistocene, drawing on recent advances in Earth and life sciences. We first review six major geo-climatic periods defining tropical African biodiversity diversification by synthesizing 89 dated molecular phylogeny studies. Two major geo-climatic factors impacting the diversification of the sub-Saharan biota are highlighted. First, Africa underwent numerous climatic fluctuations at ancient and more recent timescales, with tectonic, greenhouse gas, and orbital forcing stimulating diversification. Second, increased aridification since the Late Eocene led to important extinction events, but also provided unique diversification opportunities shaping the current tropical African biodiversity landscape. We then review diversification studies of tropical terrestrial animal and plant clades and discuss three major models of speciation: (i) geographic speciation via vicariance (allopatry); (ii) ecological speciation impacted by climate and geological changes, and (iii) genomic speciation via genome duplication. Geographic speciation has been the most widely documented to date and is a common speciation model ac, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

20. Cradles and museums of generic plant diversity across tropical Africa

Author

Dagallier, Léo‐Paul, Janssens, Steven B., Dauby, Gilles, Blach‐Overgaard, Anne, Mackinder, Barbara A., Droissart, Vincent, Svenning, Jens Christian, Sosef, Marc S.M., Stevart, Tariq, Harris, David J., Sonke, Bonaventure, Wieringa, Jan J.J., Hardy, Olivier J., Couvreur, Thomas L P, Dagallier, Léo‐Paul, Janssens, Steven B., Dauby, Gilles, Blach‐Overgaard, Anne, Mackinder, Barbara A., Droissart, Vincent, Svenning, Jens Christian, Sosef, Marc S.M., Stevart, Tariq, Harris, David J., Sonke, Bonaventure, Wieringa, Jan J.J., Hardy, Olivier J., and Couvreur, Thomas L P

Abstract

Determining where species diversify (cradles) and persist (museums) over evolutionary time is fundamental to understanding the distribution of biodiversity and for conservation prioritization. Here, we identify cradles and museums of angiosperm generic diversity across tropical Africa, one of the most biodiverse regions on Earth. Regions containing nonrandom concentrations of young (neo-) and old (paleo-) endemic taxa were identified using distribution data of 1719 genera combined with a newly generated time-calibrated mega-phylogenetic tree. We then compared the identified regions with the current network of African protected areas (PAs). At the generic level, phylogenetic diversity and endemism are mainly concentrated in the biogeographically complex region of Eastern Africa. We show that mountainous areas are centres of both neo- and paleo-endemism. By contrast, the Guineo-Congolian lowland rain forest region is characterized by widespread and old lineages. We found that the overlap between centres of phylogenetic endemism and PAs is high (> 85%). We show the vital role played by mountains acting simultaneously as cradles and museums of tropical African plant biodiversity. By contrast, lowland rainforests act mainly as museums for generic diversity. Our study shows that incorporating large-scale taxonomically verified distribution datasets and mega-phylogenies lead to an improved understanding of tropical plant biodiversity evolution., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2020

21. Tectonics, climate and the diversification of the tropical African terrestrial flora and fauna

Author

Couvreur, Thomas L.P., primary, Dauby, Gilles, additional, Blach‐Overgaard, Anne, additional, Deblauwe, Vincent, additional, Dessein, Steven, additional, Droissart, Vincent, additional, Hardy, Oliver J., additional, Harris, David J., additional, Janssens, Steven B., additional, Ley, Alexandra C., additional, Mackinder, Barbara A., additional, Sonké, Bonaventure, additional, Sosef, Marc S.M., additional, Stévart, Tariq, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Wieringa, Jan J., additional, Faye, Adama, additional, Missoup, Alain D., additional, Tolley, Krystal A., additional, Nicolas, Violaine, additional, Ntie, Stéphan, additional, Fluteau, Frédiéric, additional, Robin, Cécile, additional, Guillocheau, Francois, additional, Barboni, Doris, additional, and Sepulchre, Pierre, additional

Published
2020
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22. Cradles and museums of generic plant diversity across tropical Africa

Author

Dagallier, Léo‐Paul M. J., primary, Janssens, Steven B., additional, Dauby, Gilles, additional, Blach‐Overgaard, Anne, additional, Mackinder, Barbara A., additional, Droissart, Vincent, additional, Svenning, Jens‐Christian, additional, Sosef, Marc S. M., additional, Stévart, Tariq, additional, Harris, David J., additional, Sonké, Bonaventure, additional, Wieringa, Jan J., additional, Hardy, Olivier J., additional, and Couvreur, Thomas L. P., additional

Published
2019
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23. A third of the tropical African flora is potentially threatened with extinction

Author

Stévart, Tariq, Dauby, Gilles, Lowry II, Porter, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Droissart, Vincent, Harris, David, Mackinder, Barbara A., Schatz, George G.E., Sonke, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc S M, Svenning, Jens Christian, Wieringa, Jan J.J., Couvreur, Thomas L P, Stévart, Tariq, Dauby, Gilles, Lowry II, Porter, Blach-Overgaard, Anne, Droissart, Vincent, Harris, David, Mackinder, Barbara A., Schatz, George G.E., Sonke, Bonaventure, Sosef, Marc S M, Svenning, Jens Christian, Wieringa, Jan J.J., and Couvreur, Thomas L P

Abstract

Preserving tropical biodiversity is an urgent challenge when faced with the growing needs of countries. Despite their crucial importance for terrestrial ecosystems, most tropical plant species lack extinction risk assessments, limiting our ability to identify conservation priorities. Using a novel approach aligned with IUCN Red List criteria, we conducted a continental-scale preliminary conservation assessment of 22,036 vascular plant species in tropical Africa. Our results underline the high level of extinction risk of the tropical African flora. Thirty-three percent of the species are potentially threatened with extinction, and another third of species are likely rare, potentially becoming threatened in the near future. Four regions are highlighted with a high proportion (>40%) of potentially threatened species: Ethiopia, West Africa, central Tanzania, and southern Democratic Republic of the Congo. Our approach represents a first step toward data-driven conservation assessments applicable at continental scales providing crucial information for sustainable economic development prioritization., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published

Published
2019

24. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

25. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

26. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

27. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

28. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

29. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

30. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

31. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

32. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

33. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

34. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

35. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

36. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

37. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

38. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

39. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

40. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

41. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

42. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

43. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

44. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

45. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

46. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

47. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

48. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

49. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

50. The Bean bag.

Author

Cowan, Richard Sumner 1921-1997, Gunn, Charles R. 1927, Kirkbride, Joseph H., Lackey, James Andrew, Mackinder, Barbara Ann 1958, Polhill, Roger Marcus 1937, Rico Arce, Maria de Lourdes 1955, Wiersema, John Harry, and Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Library, Art & Archives

Subjects
Leguminosae (K), taxonomy, United Kingdom, United States

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