556 results on '"Mack, Michael P."'
Search Results
2. Brief category learning distorts perceptual space for complex scenes
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Son, Gaeun, Walther, Dirk B., and Mack, Michael L.
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- 2024
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3. Clinical Research on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement for Bicuspid Aortic Valve Disease: Principles, Challenges, and an Agenda for the Future.
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Ahmad, Yousif, Madhavan, Mahesh, Baron, Suzanne, Forrest, John, Borger, Michael, Leipsic, Jonathon, Cavalcante, João, Wang, Dee, McCarthy, Patrick, Szerlip, Molly, Kapadia, Samir, Makkar, Raj, Mack, Michael, Leon, Martin, and Cohen, David
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Clinical research ,Clinical trials ,Severe aortic stenosis ,Transcatheter aortic valve replacement - Abstract
Bicuspid aortic valve disease (BAVD) is present in up to half of all patients referred for surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) yet was an exclusion criterion for all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) to SAVR. Nonetheless, approximately 10% of patients currently treated with TAVR have BAVD and available observational data for performing TAVR in these patients are limited by selection bias. Many in the cardiovascular community have advocated for RCTs in this population, but none have been performed. The Heart Valve Collaboratory (HVC) is a multidisciplinary community of stakeholders with the aim of creating significant advances in valvular heart disease by stimulating clinical research, engaging in educational activities, and advancing regulatory science. In December 2020, the HVC hosted a Global Multidisciplinary workshop involving over 100 international experts in the field. Following this 2-day symposium, working groups with varied expertise were convened to discuss BAVD, including the need for and design of RCTs. This review, conducted under the auspices of the HVC, summarizes available data and knowledge gaps regarding procedural therapy for BAVD, outlining specific challenges for trials in this population. We also propose several potential studies that could be performed and discuss respective strengths and weaknesses of each approach. Finally, we present a roadmap for future directions in clinical research in TAVR for BAVD with an emphasis both on RCTs and also prospective registries focused on disease phenotyping to develop parameters and risk scores that could ultimately be applied to patients to inform clinical decision-making.
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- 2023
4. Severity of and Recovery From Anemia After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: An Analysis of the PARTNER Trials and Registries.
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Bhardwaj, Bhaskar, Kolte, Dhaval, Zhao, Yanglu, Alu, Maria, Zahr, Firas, Passeri, Jonathan, Inglessis, Ignacio, Vlahakes, Gus, Garcia, Santiago, Cohen, David, Makkar, Raj, Kodali, Susheel, Thourani, Vinod, Kapadia, Samir, Palacios, Igor, Leon, Martin, Smith, Craig, Mack, Michael, and Elmariah, Sammy
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anemia ,anemia recovery ,aortic stenosis ,transcatheter aortic valve implantation ,transfusion - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Anemia is associated with increased mortality in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR); however, data on the effect of the severity of and recovery from anemia on clinical outcomes are limited. This study examined the impact of the severity of and recovery from anemia after TAVR. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic, severe aortic stenosis across all surgical risk groups from the Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves (PARTNER) I, II, and III trials and registries who underwent TAVR were analyzed. Baseline anemia was defined as mild (hemoglobin [Hb] level ≥11.0 g/dL and
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- 2023
5. Neutrophil‐to‐Lymphocyte Ratios in Patients Undergoing Aortic Valve Replacement: The PARTNER Trials and Registries
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Shahim, Bahira, Redfors, Björn, Lindman, Brian R, Chen, Shmuel, Dahlen, Torsten, Nazif, Tamim, Kapadia, Samir, Gertz, Zachary M, Crowley, Aaron C, Li, Ditian, Thourani, Vinod H, Kodali, Susheel K, Zajarias, Alan, Babaliaros, Vasilis C, Guyton, Robert A, Elmariah, Sammy, Herrmann, Howard C, Cohen, David J, Mack, Michael J, Smith, Craig R, Leon, Martin B, and George, Isaac
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Heart Disease ,Clinical Research ,Transplantation ,Cardiovascular ,Aortic Valve ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ,Humans ,Lymphocytes ,Neutrophils ,Registries ,Risk Factors ,Severity of Illness Index ,Treatment Outcome ,aortic stenosis ,neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio ,NLR ,surgical aortic valve replacement ,transcatheter aortic valve replacement ,neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology - Abstract
Background The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a marker of systemic inflammation has been associated with worse prognosis in several chronic disease states, including heart failure. However, few data exist on the prognostic impact of elevated baseline NLR or change in NLR levels during follow-up in patients undergoing transcatheter or surgical aortic valve replacement (TAVR or SAVR) for aortic stenosis. Methods and Results NLR was available in 5881 patients with severe aortic stenosis receiving TAVR or SAVR in PARTNER (Placement of Aortic Transcatheter Valves) I, II, and S3 trials/registries (median [Q1, Q3] NLR, 3.30 [2.40, 4.90]); mean NLR, 4.10; range, 0.5-24.9) and was evaluated as continuous variable and categorical tertiles (low: NLR ≤2.70, n=1963; intermediate: NLR 2.70-4.20, n=1958; high: NLR ≥4.20, n=1960). No patients had known baseline infection. High baseline NLR was associated with increased risk of death or rehospitalization at 3 years (58.4% versus 41.0%; adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 1.39; 95% CI, 1.18-1.63; P
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- 2022
6. Efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies, sotrovimab and BRII-196 plus BRII-198, for adults hospitalised with COVID-19 (TICO): a randomised controlled trial
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Group, ACTIV-3 Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 Study, Self, Wesley H, Sandkovsky, Uriel, Reilly, Cavan S, Vock, David M, Gottlieb, Robert L, Mack, Michael, Golden, Kevin, Dishner, Emma, Vekstein, Andrew, Ko, Emily R, Der, Tatyana, Franzone, John, Almasri, Eyad, Fayed, Mohamed, Filbin, Michael R, Hibbert, Kathryn A, Rice, Todd W, Casey, Jonathan D, Hayanga, J Awori, Badhwar, Vinay, Leshnower, Bradley G, Sharifpour, Milad, Knowlton, Kirk U, Peltan, Ithan D, Bakowska, Elizieta, Kowalska, Justyna, Bowdish, Michael E, Sturek, Jeffrey M, Rogers, Angela J, Files, D Clark, Mosier, Jarrod M, Gong, Michelle N, Douin, David J, Hite, R Duncan, Trautner, Barbara W, Jain, Mamta K, Gardner, Edward M, Khan, Akram, Jensen, Jens-Ulrik, Matthay, Michael A, Ginde, Adit A, Brown, Samuel M, Higgs, Elizabeth S, Pett, Sarah, Weintrob, Amy C, Chang, Christina C, Murrary, Daniel D, Günthard, Huldrych F, Moquete, Ellen, Grandits, Greg, Engen, Nicole, Grund, Birgit, Sharma, Shweta, Cao, Huyen, Gupta, Rajesh, Osei, Suzette, Margolis, David, Zhu, Qing, Polizzotto, Mark N, Babiker, Abdel G, Davey, Victoria J, Kan, Virginia, Thompson, B Taylor, Gelijns, Annetine C, Neaton, James D, Lane, H Clifford, Jundgren, Jens D, Tierney, John, Barrett, Kevin, Herpin, Betsey R, Smolskis, Mary C, Voge, Susan E, McNay, Laura A, Cahill, Kelly, Crew, Page, Kirchoff, Matthew, Sardana, Ratna, Raim, Sharon Segal, Chiu, Joseph, Hensley, Lisa, Lorenzo, Josua, Mock, Rebecca, Shaw-Saliba, Katy, Zuckerman, Judith, Adam, Stacey J, Currier, Judy, Read, Sarah, Hughes, Eric, Amos, Laura, Carlsen, Amy, Carter, Anita, Davis, Bionca, Denning, Eileen, DuChene, Alain, Harrison, Merrie, Kaiser, Payton, Koopmeiners, Joseph, Meger, Sue, and Murray, Thomas
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Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Lung ,Clinical Research ,6.1 Pharmaceuticals ,Evaluation of treatments and therapeutic interventions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Adolescent ,Adult ,Aged ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Antibodies ,Monoclonal ,Humanized ,Antibodies ,Neutralizing ,Double-Blind Method ,Female ,Humans ,Male ,Middle Aged ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Treatment Outcome ,COVID-19 Drug Treatment ,ACTIV-3/Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) Study Group ,Clinical Sciences ,Medical Microbiology ,Public Health and Health Services ,Microbiology - Abstract
BackgroundWe aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of two neutralising monoclonal antibody therapies (sotrovimab [Vir Biotechnology and GlaxoSmithKline] and BRII-196 plus BRII-198 [Brii Biosciences]) for adults admitted to hospital for COVID-19 (hereafter referred to as hospitalised) with COVID-19.MethodsIn this multinational, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, clinical trial (Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 [TICO]), adults (aged ≥18 years) hospitalised with COVID-19 at 43 hospitals in the USA, Denmark, Switzerland, and Poland were recruited. Patients were eligible if they had laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 symptoms for up to 12 days. Using a web-based application, participants were randomly assigned (2:1:2:1), stratified by trial site pharmacy, to sotrovimab 500 mg, matching placebo for sotrovimab, BRII-196 1000 mg plus BRII-198 1000 mg, or matching placebo for BRII-196 plus BRII-198, in addition to standard of care. Each study product was administered as a single dose given intravenously over 60 min. The concurrent placebo groups were pooled for analyses. The primary outcome was time to sustained clinical recovery, defined as discharge from the hospital to home and remaining at home for 14 consecutive days, up to day 90 after randomisation. Interim futility analyses were based on two seven-category ordinal outcome scales on day 5 that measured pulmonary status and extrapulmonary complications of COVID-19. The safety outcome was a composite of death, serious adverse events, incident organ failure, and serious coinfection up to day 90 after randomisation. Efficacy and safety outcomes were assessed in the modified intention-to-treat population, defined as all patients randomly assigned to treatment who started the study infusion. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04501978.FindingsBetween Dec 16, 2020, and March 1, 2021, 546 patients were enrolled and randomly assigned to sotrovimab (n=184), BRII-196 plus BRII-198 (n=183), or placebo (n=179), of whom 536 received part or all of their assigned study drug (sotrovimab n=182, BRII-196 plus BRII-198 n=176, or placebo n=178; median age of 60 years [IQR 50-72], 228 [43%] patients were female and 308 [57%] were male). At this point, enrolment was halted on the basis of the interim futility analysis. At day 5, neither the sotrovimab group nor the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group had significantly higher odds of more favourable outcomes than the placebo group on either the pulmonary scale (adjusted odds ratio sotrovimab 1·07 [95% CI 0·74-1·56]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 0·98 [95% CI 0·67-1·43]) or the pulmonary-plus complications scale (sotrovimab 1·08 [0·74-1·58]; BRII-196 plus BRII-198 1·00 [0·68-1·46]). By day 90, sustained clinical recovery was seen in 151 (85%) patients in the placebo group compared with 160 (88%) in the sotrovimab group (adjusted rate ratio 1·12 [95% CI 0·91-1·37]) and 155 (88%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group (1·08 [0·88-1·32]). The composite safety outcome up to day 90 was met by 48 (27%) patients in the placebo group, 42 (23%) in the sotrovimab group, and 45 (26%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group. 13 (7%) patients in the placebo group, 14 (8%) in the sotrovimab group, and 15 (9%) in the BRII-196 plus BRII-198 group died up to day 90.InterpretationNeither sotrovimab nor BRII-196 plus BRII-198 showed efficacy for improving clinical outcomes among adults hospitalised with COVID-19.FundingUS National Institutes of Health and Operation Warp Speed.
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- 2022
7. Learning exceptions to category rules varies across the menstrual cycle
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Perović, Mateja, Heffernan, Emily M., Einstein, Gillian, and Mack, Michael L.
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- 2023
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8. Early Surgery for Patients With Asymptomatic Severe Aortic Stenosis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
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Ahmad, Yousif, Howard, James, Seligman, Henry, Arnold, Ahran, Madhavan, Mahesh, Forrest, John, Geirsson, Arnar, Mack, Michael, Lansky, Alexandra, and Leon, Martin
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Meta-analysis ,randomized controlled trials ,severe aortic stenosis - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Guidelines provide class I recommendations for aortic valve intervention for patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) or reduced ejection fraction, but the cornerstone of management for asymptomatic patients has been watchful waiting. This is based on historical nonrandomized data, but randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have now been performed of early surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for asymptomatic severe AS. We performed a meta-analysis of RCTs comparing early SAVR to watchful waiting for asymptomatic severe AS, focusing on individual end points of death and heart failure (HF) hospitalization. METHODS: We systematically identified all RCTs comparing early SAVR to watchful waiting in patients with asymptomatic severe AS and synthesized the data in a random-effects meta-analysis. The prespecified primary end point was all-cause mortality. RESULTS: Two trials randomizing 302 patients were included. Early SAVR lead to a 55% reduction in all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.85; P = .014). There was no heterogeneity (I2 = 0.0%). Early SAVR also lead to a 79% reduction in HF hospitalization (hazard ratio, 0.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.96; P = .044). CONCLUSIONS: In patients with severe asymptomatic AS and normal ejection fraction, early SAVR reduces death and HF hospitalization compared to initial conservative management. This challenges current treatment standards and has implications for the clinical care of these patients and for guidelines.
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- 2022
9. An In Silico Exploration of the Effect of Surprising Information on Hippocampal Representations
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Heffernan, Emily M. and Mack, Michael L.
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Concepts and categories ,Learning ,Representation ,Computational neuroscience ,Neural Networks - Abstract
Category learning is our ability to generalize across experiences and apply existing knowledge to new situations. Many real-world categories adhere to a “rule-plus-exceptions” structure, wherein most items are rule-followers, but a subset of “exceptions” violate category rules. Rule-plus-exception learning seems tightly coupled with hippocampal function. Though past work has demonstrated that prediction error drives hippocampus to form distinct representations of exceptions, limited work has investigated how this process impacts existing rule-follower representations. Here we use a neural network model of hippocampus to quantify how rule- follower representations are altered by the introduction of exceptions. By recording model representations of rule- followers before and after exceptions are introduced, we computed the shift in rule-follower representation elicited by exceptions. A rule-follower’s similarity to exceptions along category-relevant, but not irrelevant, dimensions predicted its degree of representational shift. This work furthers our understanding of how hippocampus supports the integration of surprising information in dynamic environments.
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- 2022
10. Emphasizing associations from encoding affects free recall at retrieval
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Hong, Bryan, Pace-Tonna, Carleigh A, Barense, Morgan, and Mack, Michael L.
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Psychology ,Cognition of Time ,Concepts and categories ,Memory - Abstract
Paradigms using the free recall of word lists have furthered our understanding of the organizational structure of memory by elucidating the role of contextual associations on memory search. We adapted the traditional word list-learning paradigm to investigate whether emphasizing contextual associations between items influences subsequent retrieval. Specifically, we introduced a review period between encoding and recall of word lists where items were repeated to highlight either the temporal or semantic associations at encoding. We found that temporal review led to stronger temporal clustering compared to a semantic or control review, and semantic review led to stronger semantic clustering compared to a temporal or control review. Moreover, participants recalled more list items when semantic associations were emphasized, with the degree of semantic clustering at recall predicting memory performance. These results demonstrate that emphasizing contextual associations during a repeated viewing after initial encoding can affect subsequent memory organization and recall.
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- 2022
11. Category learning across the menstrual cycle: Learning exceptions to the rule varies by hormonal milieu
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Perovic, Mateja, Heffernan, Emily M., Einstein, Gillian, and Mack, Michael L.
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Cognitive Neuroscience ,Psychology ,Concepts and categories ,Learning ,Computer-based experiment - Abstract
Ways in which ovarian hormones affect cognition have been long overlooked in psychology and neuroscience research despite strong evidence of their effects on the brain. In order to address this gap, we study performance on a rule-plus-exception category learning task, a complex task that requires careful coordination of core cognitive mechanisms, across the menstrual cycle. Results show that the menstrual cycle distinctly affects learning of exceptions in a manner that matches the typical estradiol cycle. Furthermore, participants in their high estradiol phase outperform participants in their low estradiol phase, and show steeper learning slopes than men in exception-learning. These results provide novel evidence of the role of estradiol in category learning, underscore the importance of recruiting diverse samples in cognitive neuroscience research, and highlight the ways in which cognition varies throughout the fundamental biological cycles of the human experience.
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- 2022
12. Differentiating Exceptions in Rule-Plus-Exception Category Learning
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Xie, Yongzhen and Mack, Michael L.
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Psychology ,Concepts and categories ,Learning ,Representation ,Computational Modeling - Abstract
The learning of rule-plus-exception categories relies on pattern integration and differentiation, but how the representations of rule-followers and exceptions develop through these two operations remains obscure. Here, we inspected the representational shifts in rule-plus-exception category learning by fitting a computational model to behavioral categorization data. We found that exceptions were differentiated from rule-followers within and between categories through learning. The distanced rule-follower and exception representations in each category formed distinct clusters that together constituted a hierarchically structured categorical representation. Moreover, exception learning increased the representational overlap between rule-followers of opposite categories, thereby blurring the category boundary. Our findings illuminate the representational dynamic underlying the acquisition of rule-plus-exception categories and highlight the roles of pattern integration and differentiation in category learning.
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- 2022
13. Hippocampus Engagement Early in Learning Supports Concept Formation
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Gumus, Melisa and Mack, Michael L.
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Cognitive Neuroscience ,Psychology ,Learning ,Memory ,Computational Modeling ,Computational neuroscience ,fMRI - Abstract
Hippocampus (HPC) is a key structure in category learning, forming organized concepts from individual episodes to adaptively represent shared and distinct elements. Most of the evidence for the role of HPC in concept formation, however, relies on neural coding measured at the end of learning. Thus, it remains unclear how neural mechanisms early in learning support the formation of flexible knowledge. We explored this by combining human functional MRI with a computational model of learning, SUSTAIN. Participants learned to categorize complex visual objects with multiple features. A multidimensional rule linked features to categories with exception items in each category. We observed distinct HPC engagement along its primary axis for exception learning that also predicted learning outcomes. The model predicted that better learners use exceptions to update their knowledge, which was reflected in HPC activation. These findings suggest that HPC discriminates initial informative experiences during learning to support flexible knowledge formation.
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- 2022
14. Comparison of Transvalvular Aortic Mean Gradients Obtained by Intraprocedural Echocardiography and Invasive Measurement in Balloon and Self‐Expanding Transcatheter Valves
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Abbas, Amr E, Mando, Ramy, Kadri, Amer, Khalili, Houman, Hanzel, George, Shannon, Francis, Al‐Azizi, Karim, Waggoner, Thomas, Kassas, Safwan, Pilgrim, Thomas, Okuno, Taishi, Camacho, Alexander, Selberg, Alexandra, Elmariah, Sammy, Bavry, Anthony, Ternacle, Julien, Christensen, Jared, Gheewala, Neil, Pibarot, Philippe, and Mack, Michael
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Transplantation ,Cardiovascular ,Clinical Research ,Affordable and Clean Energy ,Aortic Valve ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Echocardiography ,Heart Valve Prosthesis ,Hemodynamics ,Humans ,Prosthesis Design ,Treatment Outcome ,Bernoulli equation ,echocardiographic and invasive discordance ,pressure recovery ,transcatheter aortic valve replacement ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology - Abstract
Background Concerns about discordance between echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with balloon-expandable valves (BEVs) versus self-expanding valves (SEVs) exist. Methods and Results In a multicenter study, direct-invasive and echocardiography-derived transvalvular mean gradients obtained before and after TAVR were compared as well as post-TAVR and discharge echocardiographic mean gradients in BEVs versus SEVs in 808 patients. Pre-TAVR, there was good correlation (R=0.614; P
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- 2021
15. Invasive versus echocardiographic gradients in degenerated surgical aortic valve prostheses: A multicenter study
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Kadri, Amer N, Hanzel, George, Elmariah, Sammy, Shannon, Francis, Al-Azizi, Karim, Boura, Judith, Mack, Michael, and Abbas, Amr E
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular Medicine and Haematology ,Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Cardiovascular ,AR ,aortic regurgitation ,AS ,aortic stenosis ,AV ,aortic valve ,AVA ,aortic valve area ,DI ,dimensionless index ,IQR ,interquartile range ,LV ,left ventricle ,LVOT ,left ventricular outflow tract ,MAVD ,mixed aortic valve disease ,SAVR ,SAVR ,surgical aortic valve replacement ,TAVR ,transcatheter aortic valve replacement ,TVI ,time velocity integral ,ViV ,valve-in-valve ,degenerated bioprosthetic valves ,discordance ,echocardiography ,hemodynamics - Abstract
ObjectivesTo compare echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients obtained concomitantly in degenerated bioprosthetic surgical aortic valves (SAVRs).MethodsIn a multicenter study, we compared concomitant echocardiographic and invasive mean gradients of SAVR, obtained before valve-in-valve transcatheter aortic valve replacement in all patients, patients with primary stenosis (AS), primary aortic regurgitation (AR), and mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD), and in small versus large valves (≤ or >23 mm). Dimensionless index (DI) was calculated in all groups.ResultsIn total, 74 patients were included and data presented as median (interquartile range). Echocardiography-catheterization mean gradient discordance was observed in all patients (invasive = 22 mm Hg [11-34] vs echocardiographic = 32 mm Hg [21-42], P = .013), small valves (invasive = 15 mm Hg [8-34] vs echocardiographic = 28 mm Hg [21-41], P = .013), and large valves (invasive = 20 mm Hg [8.5-27.13] vs echocardiographic = 32 mm Hg [25.5 - 41.5], P
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- 2021
16. Development of the Water Instrument: A Comprehensive Measure of Students' Knowledge of Fundamental Concepts in General Chemistry
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Balabanof, Morgan, Fulaiti, Haiyan Al, DeKorver, Brittland, Mack, Michael, and Moon, Alena
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General Chemistry serves virtually all STEM students. It has been accused of covering content in a "mile wide and inch deep" fashion. This has made it very difficult to assess, where chemistry educators have relied on assessments of specific topics. Assessing across all these different topics requires introducing many different chemical systems and contexts, which may pose a threat to validity in the measurement of students' knowledge of general chemistry concepts. With many different systems and contexts, it is possible that students will have varying familiarity, may resort to memorization, or rely on fragments of knowledge to answer. To account for challenges which may arise with different systems and contexts, we have developed an assessment instrument for measuring students' understanding of key concepts from a year-long sequence of general chemistry that relies on a single context: water. The Water Instrument was developed using exploratory sequential design to target eight of the ten anchoring concepts for general chemistry. Psychometric results will be presented from the final pilot administration, where an item response model was used to evaluate the assessment. Further evidence gathered through Response Process Validity interviews will be presented. The evidence gathered indicates this assessment offers a valid and reliable estimate of students' understanding of general chemistry concepts in the context of water, which makes this instrument promising for general chemistry assessment. The comprehensive nature of the assessment can provide rich information to instructors regarding their students' conceptual knowledge of the wide range of topics covered in a year-long sequence of general chemistry.
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- 2022
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17. Leveraging rapid scene perception in attentional learning
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Adema, Juliana D., Tang, Shuran, Alizadeh Saghati, Nahal, and Mack, Michael L.
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cognitive science - Abstract
In addition to saliency and goal-based factors, a scene’s semantic content has been shown to guide attention in visual search tasks. Here, we ask if this rapidly available guidance signal can be leveraged to learn new attentional strategies. In a variant of the scene preview paradigm (Castelhano & Heaven, 2010), participants searched for targets embedded in real-world scenes with target locations linked to scene gist. We found that activating gist with scene previews significantly increased search efficiency over time in a manner consistent with formal theories of skill acquisition. We combine VGG16 and EBRW to provide a biologically inspired account of the gist preview advantage and its effects on learning in gist-guided attention. Preliminary model results suggest that, when preview information is useful, stimulus features may amplify the similarities and differences between exemplars.
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- 2021
18. Learning exceptions to the rule in human and model via hippocampal encoding
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Heffernan, Emily M. and Mack, Michael L.
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cognitive science - Abstract
We explore the impact of learning sequence on performance in a rule-plus-exception categorization task. Behavioural results indicate that exception categorization accuracy improves when exceptions are introduced later in learning, after exposure to rule-following stimuli. Simulations of this task using a neural network model of hippocampus and its subfields replicate these behavioural findings. Representational similarity analysis of the model’s hidden layers suggests that model representations are also impacted by trial sequence. These results provide novel computational evidence of hippocampus’s sensitivity to learning sequence and further support this region’s proposed role in category learning.
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- 2021
19. Managing Severe Aortic Stenosis in the COVID-19 Era
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Tanguturi, Varsha K, Lindman, Brian R, Pibarot, Philippe, Passeri, Jonathan J, Kapadia, Samir, Mack, Michael J, Inglessis, Ignacio, Langer, Nathan B, Sundt, Thoralf M, Hung, Judy, and Elmariah, Sammy
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Cardiovascular ,Health Services ,Prevention ,Clinical Research ,Heart Disease ,7.1 Individual care needs ,Management of diseases and conditions ,Good Health and Well Being ,Aortic Valve ,Aortic Valve Stenosis ,Betacoronavirus ,COVID-19 ,Coronavirus Infections ,Global Health ,Hospital Mortality ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Pneumonia ,Viral ,Risk Factors ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement ,aortic stenosis ,SAVR ,TAVR ,Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology ,Cardiovascular System & Hematology ,Cardiovascular medicine and haematology - Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created uncertainty in the management of patients with severe aortic stenosis. This population experiences high mortality from delays in treatment of valve disease but is largely overlapping with the population of highest mortality from COVID-19. The authors present strategies for managing patients with severe aortic stenosis in the COVID-19 era. The authors suggest transitions to virtual assessments and consultation, careful pruning and planning of necessary testing, and fewer and shorter hospital admissions. These strategies center on minimizing patient exposure to COVID-19 and expenditure of human and health care resources without significant sacrifice to patient outcomes during this public health emergency. Areas of innovation to improve care during this time include increased use of wearable and remote devices to assess patient performance and vital signs, devices for facile cardiac assessment, and widespread use of clinical protocols for expedient discharge with virtual physical therapy and cardiac rehabilitation options.
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- 2020
20. Identifying the neural dynamics of category decisions with computational model-based fMRI
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Adema, Juliana, Heffernan, Emily, and Mack, Michael L.
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category learning ,fMRI ,computationalmodelling ,EBRW ,drift diffusion model - Abstract
Successful categorization requires a careful coordination ofattention, representation, and decision making. Comprehensivetheories that span levels of analysis are key to understandingthe computational and neural dynamics of categorization. Here,we build on recent work linking neural representations ofcategory learning to computational models to investigate howcategory decision making is driven by neural signals across thebrain. We combine functional magnetic resonance imagingwith hierarchical drift diffusion modelling to show that trial-by-trial fluctuations in neural activation from regions ofoccipital, cingulate, and lateral prefrontal cortices are linked tocategory decisions. Notably, lateral prefrontal cortex activationwas also associated with exemplar-based model predictions oftrial-by-trial category evidence. We propose that these brainregions underlie distinct functions that contribute to successfulcategory learning.
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- 2020
21. Revealing a competitive dynamic in rapid categorization with object substitution masking
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Chow, Jason K., Palmeri, Thomas J., and Mack, Michael L.
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- 2022
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22. Scene wheels: Measuring perception and memory of real-world scenes with a continuous stimulus space
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Son, Gaeun, Walther, Dirk B., and Mack, Michael L.
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- 2022
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23. Risk of Transfusion in Isolated Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Models Developed From The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Database.
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Edgerton, James R., Filardo, Giovanni, Pollock, Benjamin D., da Graca, Briget, Ogola, Gerald O., DiMaio, J. Michael, and Mack, Michael J.
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Perioperative blood transfusion is associated with adverse outcomes and higher costs after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. We developed risk assessments for patients' probability of perioperative transfusion and the expected transfusion volume to improve clinical management and resource use. Among 1,266,545 consecutive (2008-2016) isolated CABG operations in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Adult Cardiac Surgery Database, 657,821 (51.9%) received perioperative transfusions of red blood cells (RBC), fresh frozen plasma (FFP), cryoprecipitate, and/or platelets. We developed "full" models to predict perioperative transfusion of any blood product, and of RBC, FFP, or platelets. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model selection, we built a rapid risk score based on 5 variables (age, body surface area, sex, preoperative hematocrit, and use of intra-aortic balloon pump). C statistics for the full model were 0.785, 0.815, 0.707, and 0.699 for any blood product, RBC, FFP, and platelets, respectively. C statistics for rapid risk assessments were 0.752, 0.785, 0.670, and 0.661 for any blood product, RBC, FFP, and platelets, respectively. The observed vs expected risk plots showed strong calibration for full models and risk assessment tools; absolute differences between observed and expected risks of transfusion were <10.8% in each percentile of expected risk. Risk assessment–predicted probabilities of transfusion were strongly and nonlinearly associated (P <.0001) with total units transfused. These robust and well-calibrated risk assessment tools for perioperative transfusion in CABG can inform surgeons regarding patients' risks and the number of RBC, FFP, and platelets units they can expect to need. This can aid in optimizing outcomes and increasing efficient use of blood products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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24. Left Atrial Improvement in Patients With Secondary Mitral Regurgitation and Heart Failure: The COAPT Trial.
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Pio, Stephan M., Medvedofsky, Diego, Delgado, Victoria, Stassen, Jan, Weissman, Neil J., Grayburn, Paul A., Kar, Saibal, Lim, D. Scott, Redfors, Björn, Snyder, Clayton, Zhou, Zhipeng, Alu, Maria C., Kapadia, Samir R., Lindenfeld, JoAnn, Abraham, William T., Mack, Michael J., Asch, Federico M., Stone, Gregg W., and Bax, Jeroen J.
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Functional mitral regurgitation induces adverse effects on the left ventricle and the left atrium. Left atrial (LA) dilatation and reduced LA strain are associated with poor outcomes in heart failure (HF). Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) of the mitral valve reduces heart failure hospitalization (HFH) and all-cause death in selected HF patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of LA strain improvement 6 months after TEER on the outcomes of patients enrolled in the COAPT (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation) trial. The difference in LA strain between baseline and the 6-month follow-up was calculated. Patients with at least a 15% improvement in LA strain were labeled as "LA strain improvers." All-cause death and HFH were assessed between the 6- and 24-month follow-up. Among 347 patients (mean age 71 ± 12 years, 63% male), 106 (30.5%) showed improvement of LA strain at the 6-month follow-up (64 [60.4%] from the TEER + guideline-directed medical therapy [GDMT] group and 42 [39.6%] from the GDMT alone group). An improvement in LA strain was significantly associated with a reduction in the composite of death or HFH between the 6-month and 24-month follow-up, with a similar risk reduction in both treatment arms (P interaction = 0.27). In multivariable analyses, LA strain improvement remained independently associated with a lower risk of the primary composite endpoint both as a continuous variable (adjusted HR: 0.94 [95% CI: 0.89-1.00]; P = 0.03) and as a dichotomous variable (adjusted HR: 0.49 [95% CI: 0.27-0.89]; P = 0.02). The best outcomes were observed in patients treated with TEER in whom LA strain improved. In symptomatic HF patients with severe mitral regurgitation, improved LA strain at the 6-month follow-up is associated with subsequently lower rates of the composite endpoint of all-cause mortality or HFH, both after TEER and GDMT alone. (Cardiovascular Outcomes Assessment of the MitraClip Percutaneous Therapy for Heart Failure Patients With Functional Mitral Regurgitation [COAPT]; NCT01626079) [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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25. One-Year Outcomes of Transseptal Mitral Valve-in-Valve in Intermediate Surgical Risk Patients.
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Malaisrie, S. Chris, Guerrero, Mayra, Davidson, Charles, Williams, Mathew, de Brito, Fábio Sândoli, Abizaid, Alexandre, Shah, Pinak, Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Poon, Karl, Levisay, Justin, Xiao Yu, Pibarot, Philippe, Hahn, Rebecca T., Blanke, Philipp, Leon, Martin B., Mack, Michael J., and Zajarias, Alan
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BACKGROUND: Transcatheter mitral valve-in-valve replacement offers a less-invasive alternative for high-risk patients with bioprosthetic valve failure. Limited experience exists in intermediate-risk patients. We aim to evaluate 1-year outcomes of the PARTNER 3 mitral valve-in-valve study. METHODS: This prospective, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled symptomatic patients with a failing mitral bioprosthesis demonstrating greater than or equal to moderate stenosis and regurgitation and Society of Thoracic Surgeons score ≥3% and <8%. A balloon-expandable transcatheter heart valve (SAPIEN 3, Edwards Lifesciences) was used via a transeptal approach. The primary end point was the composite of all-cause mortality and stroke at 1 year. RESULTS: A total of 50 patients from 12 sites underwent mitral valve-in-valve from 2018 to 2021. The mean age was 70.1±9.7 years, mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons score was 4.1%±1.6%, and 54% were female. There were no primary end point events (mortality or stroke) through 1 year, and no left-ventricular outflow tract obstruction, endocarditis, or mitral valve reintervention was reported. Six patients (12%) required rehospitalization, including heart failure (n=2), minor procedural side effects (n=2), and valve thrombosis (n=2; both resolved with anticoagulation). An additional valve thrombosis was associated with no significant clinical sequelae. From baseline to 1 year, all subjects with available data had none/trace or mild (grade 1+) mitral regurgitation and the New York Heart Association class improved in 87.2% (41/47) of patients. CONCLUSIONS: Mitral valve-in-valve with a balloon-expandable valve via transseptal approach in intermediate-risk patients was associated with improved symptoms and quality of life, adequate transcatheter valve performance, and no mortality or stroke at 1-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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26. Identifying the neural dynamics of category decisions with computational model-based functional magnetic resonance imaging
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Heffernan, Emily M., Adema, Juliana D., and Mack, Michael L.
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- 2021
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27. Ten-year all-cause death following percutaneous or surgical revascularization in patients with prior cerebrovascular disease: insights from the SYNTAX Extended Survival study
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Wang, Rutao, Takahashi, Kuniaki, Garg, Scot, Thuijs, Daniel J. F. M., Kappetein, Arie Pieter, Mack, Michael J., Morice, Marie-Claude, Mohr, Friedrich-Wilhelm, Curzen, Nick, Davierwala, Piroze, Milojevic, Milan, van Geuns, Robert Jan, Head, Stuart J., Onuma, Yoshinobu, Holmes, Jr, David R., and Serruys, Patrick W.
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- 2021
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28. Impact of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on 10-year mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention and bypass surgery for complex coronary artery disease: insights from the SYNTAX Extended Survival study
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Wang, Rutao, Tomaniak, Mariusz, Takahashi, Kuniaki, Gao, Chao, Kawashima, Hideyuki, Hara, Hironori, Ono, Masafumi, van Klaveren, David, van Geuns, Robert-Jan, Morice, Marie-Claude, Davierwala, Piroze M., Mack, Michael J., Witkowski, Adam, Curzen, Nick, Berti, Sergio, Burzotta, Francesco, James, Stefan, Kappetein, Arie Pieter, Head, Stuart J., Thuijs, Daniel J. F. M., Mohr, Friedrich W., Holmes, David R., Tao, Ling, Onuma, Yoshinobu, and Serruys, Patrick W.
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- 2021
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29. Metrics and Methods Used to Compare Student Performance Data in Chemistry Education Research Articles
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Mack, Michael R., Hensen, Cory, and Barbera, Jack
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Quasi-experiments are common in studies that estimate the effect of instructional interventions on student performance outcomes. In this type of research, the nature of the experimental design, the choice in assessment, the selection of comparison groups, and the statistical methods used to analyze the comparison data dictate the validity of causal inferences. Therefore, gathering and reporting validity evidence in causal studies is of utmost importance, especially when conclusions have real policy implications for students and faculty, among other stakeholders. This review examines 24 articles that reported quantitative investigations of the effect of instructional interventions on performance-based outcomes conducted within undergraduate chemistry courses. Specifically, we examined four aspects of conducting such evaluations, including: (1) the type of quasi-experimental design used to study the relationship between interventions, students, outcomes, and settings; (2) the metrics used to measure performance outcomes; (3) the type of groups used to contrast outcomes across experimental conditions; and (4) the statistical methods used to analyze the comparison data. Through the examination of these four aspects of causal studies, together with a validity typology for quasi-experimental designs, we catalogued the metrics and methods used to compare student performance outcomes across varied instructional contexts. Recommendations for researchers and practitioners planning quasi-experimental investigations and for interpreting results from causal studies in chemistry education are provided.
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- 2019
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30. Progression of neuropsychiatric symptoms in young-onset versus late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
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Gumus, Melisa, Multani, Namita, Mack, Michael L., and Tartaglia, Maria Carmela
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- 2021
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31. A Guide to Transcatheter Aortic Valve Design and Systematic Planning for a Redo-TAV (TAV-in-TAV) Procedure.
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Bapat, Vinayak N., Fukui, Miho, Zaid, Syed, Okada, Atsushi, Jilaihawi, Hasan, Rogers, Toby, Khalique, Omar, Cavalcante, João L., Landes, Uri, Sathananthan, Janarthanan, Tarantini, Giuseppe, Tang, Gilbert H.L., Blackman, Daniel J., De Backer, Ole, Mack, Michael J., and Leon, Martin B.
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Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become more common than surgical aortic valve replacement since 2016, with over 200,000 procedures globally each year. As patients increasingly outlive their TAVR devices, managing these cases is a growing concern. Treatment options include surgical removal of the old TAVR device (transcatheter aortic valve [TAV] explant) or implantation of a new transcatheter aortic valve (redo TAV). Redo TAV is complex because of the unique designs of TAV devices; compatibility issues; and the need for individualized planning based on factors such as implant depth, shape, and coronary artery relationships. This review serves as a comprehensive guide for redo TAV, detailing the design characteristics of TAV devices, device compatibility, standardized terminology, and a structured approach for computed tomography analysis. It aims to facilitate decision making, risk identification, and achieving optimal outcomes in redo TAV procedures. [Display omitted] • Because TAVR has now expanded to patients with longer life expectancies, increasing numbers of patients will present with structural valve deterioration of TAV prostheses. It is important to understand the risks and suitability of patients for repeat implantation of another TAV (redo TAV or TAV-in-TAV). • Unlike valve-in-valve for failed surgical aortic valve replacement because of the complexity of TAV designs, a systematic CT analysis for each combination is necessary to determine suitability with respect to coronary risk, sizing, and injury to the surrounding structures. • Bench testing, prospective clinical studies, and validation of CT algorithms with simulation software will play a critical role in appropriate case selection and improving outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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32. Midterm durability of valve-sparing root replacement in bicuspid and tricuspid aortic valves.
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Tran, Anthony, Shih, Emily, Harrington, Katherine B., Schaffer, Justin M., Banwait, Jasjit K., Wang, Zuyue, DiMaio, J. Michael, Mack, Michael J., Ryan, William H., and Brinkman, William T.
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Among patients with bicuspid aortic valves (BAV) who are potential candidates for valve-sparing root replacement (VSRR), the long-term durability of this technique is not well understood. This study aimed to compare the clinical and echocardiographic outcomes of VSRR in those with BAV and tricuspid aortic valve (TAV) morphology. This was a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent VSRR between 2007 and 2021 at a single center. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank analysis were used to estimate and compare freedom from mortality, progression to >2+ aortic insufficiency (AI), and reoperation between groups (BAV vs TAV). Preoperative and postoperative echocardiographic data were collected and assessed for temporal changes in mixed-effect models. A total of 185 patients (BAV, n = 52, 28.1%; TAV, n = 133, 71.9%) underwent VSRR. At baseline, BAV patients were younger (42.4 ± 11.6 vs 52.3 ± 12.6 years; P < 0.01) and had more severe AI (47.9% vs 27.0%; P = 0.02). Average cardiopulmonary bypass and cross-clamp times were similar. There were no differences in rates of postoperative complications, intensive care unit or hospital days, or 30-day readmission. TAV patients' 1-, 5-, and 8-year survival rates were 99.2% [95% CI 97.8–100], 96.7% [93.5–99.9%], and 92.2% [85.6–99.3%], respectively. Overall, there were no differences between groups regarding freedom from mortality (P = 0.18), reoperation (P = 0.51), or recurrent >2+ AI (P = 0.97). VSRR can be safely performed on patients with BAV and TAV morphology, yielding similar midterm freedom from mortality, recurrent >2+ AI, and reoperation. This technique should be considered in carefully selected patients with aortic root pathology and BAV anatomy when performed at experienced centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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33. Predictors and 5-Year Clinical Outcomes of Pacemaker After TAVR: Analysis From the PARTNER 2 SAPIEN 3 Registries.
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Chen, Shmuel, Dizon, Jose M., Hahn, Rebecca T., Pibarot, Philippe, George, Isaac, Zhao, Yanglu, Blanke, Philipp, Kapadia, Samir, Babaliaros, Vasilis, Szeto, Wilson Y., Makkar, Raj, Thourani, Vinod H., Webb, John G., Mack, Michael J., Leon, Martin B., Kodali, Susheel, and Nazif, Tamim M.
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Conduction disturbances requiring a permanent pacemaker (PPM) are a frequent complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with few reports of rates, predictors, and long-term clinical outcomes following implantation of the third-generation, balloon-expandable SAPIEN 3 (S3) transcatheter heart valve (THV). The aim of this study was to investigate the rates, predictors, and long-term clinical outcomes of PPM implantation following TAVR with the S3 THV. The current study included 857 patients in the PARTNER 2 S3 registries with intermediate and high surgical risk without prior PPM, and investigated predictors and 5-year clinical outcomes of new PPM implanted within 30 days of TAVR. Among 857 patients, 107 patients (12.5%) received a new PPM within 30 days after TAVR. By multivariable analysis, predictors of PPM included increased age, pre-existing right bundle branch block, larger THV size, greater THV oversizing, moderate or severe annulus calcification, and implantation depth >6 mm. At 5 years (median follow-up 1,682.0 days [min 2.0 days, max 2,283.0 days]), new PPM was not associated with increased rates of all-cause mortality (Adj HR: 1.20; 95% CI: 0.85-1.70; P = 0.30) or repeat hospitalization (Adj HR: 1.22; 95% CI: 0.67-2.21; P = 0.52). Patients with new PPM had a decline in left ventricular ejection fraction at 1 year that persisted at 5 years (55.1 ± 2.55 vs 60.4 ± 0.65; P = 0.02). PPM was required in 12.5% of patients without prior PPM who underwent TAVR with a SAPIEN 3 valve in the PARTNER 2 S3 registries and was not associated with worse clinical outcomes, including mortality, at 5 years. Modifiable factors that may reduce the PPM rate include bioprosthetic valve oversizing, prosthesis size, and implantation depth. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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34. Characterization of bariatric surgery and outcomes using administrative claims data in the research network of a nationwide commercial health plan
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Ma, Qinli, Mack, Michael, Shambhu, Sonali, McTigue, Kathleen, and Haynes, Kevin
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- 2021
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35. Variability in the analysis of a single neuroimaging dataset by many teams
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Botvinik-Nezer, Rotem, Holzmeister, Felix, Camerer, Colin F., Dreber, Anna, Huber, Juergen, Johannesson, Magnus, Kirchler, Michael, Iwanir, Roni, Mumford, Jeanette A., Adcock, R. Alison, Avesani, Paolo, Baczkowski, Blazej M., Bajracharya, Aahana, Bakst, Leah, Ball, Sheryl, Barilari, Marco, Bault, Nadège, Beaton, Derek, Beitner, Julia, Benoit, Roland G., Berkers, Ruud M. W. J., Bhanji, Jamil P., Biswal, Bharat B., Bobadilla-Suarez, Sebastian, Bortolini, Tiago, Bottenhorn, Katherine L., Bowring, Alexander, Braem, Senne, Brooks, Hayley R., Brudner, Emily G., Calderon, Cristian B., Camilleri, Julia A., Castrellon, Jaime J., Cecchetti, Luca, Cieslik, Edna C., Cole, Zachary J., Collignon, Olivier, Cox, Robert W., Cunningham, William A., Czoschke, Stefan, Dadi, Kamalaker, Davis, Charles P., Luca, Alberto De, Delgado, Mauricio R., Demetriou, Lysia, Dennison, Jeffrey B., Di, Xin, Dickie, Erin W., Dobryakova, Ekaterina, Donnat, Claire L., Dukart, Juergen, Duncan, Niall W., Durnez, Joke, Eed, Amr, Eickhoff, Simon B., Erhart, Andrew, Fontanesi, Laura, Fricke, G. Matthew, Fu, Shiguang, Galván, Adriana, Gau, Remi, Genon, Sarah, Glatard, Tristan, Glerean, Enrico, Goeman, Jelle J., Golowin, Sergej A. E., González-García, Carlos, Gorgolewski, Krzysztof J., Grady, Cheryl L., Green, Mikella A., Guassi Moreira, João F., Guest, Olivia, Hakimi, Shabnam, Hamilton, J. Paul, Hancock, Roeland, Handjaras, Giacomo, Harry, Bronson B., Hawco, Colin, Herholz, Peer, Herman, Gabrielle, Heunis, Stephan, Hoffstaedter, Felix, Hogeveen, Jeremy, Holmes, Susan, Hu, Chuan-Peng, Huettel, Scott A., Hughes, Matthew E., Iacovella, Vittorio, Iordan, Alexandru D., Isager, Peder M., Isik, Ayse I., Jahn, Andrew, Johnson, Matthew R., Johnstone, Tom, Joseph, Michael J. E., Juliano, Anthony C., Kable, Joseph W., Kassinopoulos, Michalis, Koba, Cemal, Kong, Xiang-Zhen, Koscik, Timothy R., Kucukboyaci, Nuri Erkut, Kuhl, Brice A., Kupek, Sebastian, Laird, Angela R., Lamm, Claus, Langner, Robert, Lauharatanahirun, Nina, Lee, Hongmi, Lee, Sangil, Leemans, Alexander, Leo, Andrea, Lesage, Elise, Li, Flora, Li, Monica Y. C., Lim, Phui Cheng, Lintz, Evan N., Liphardt, Schuyler W., Losecaat Vermeer, Annabel B., Love, Bradley C., Mack, Michael L., Malpica, Norberto, Marins, Theo, Maumet, Camille, McDonald, Kelsey, McGuire, Joseph T., Melero, Helena, Méndez Leal, Adriana S., Meyer, Benjamin, Meyer, Kristin N., Mihai, Glad, Mitsis, Georgios D., Moll, Jorge, Nielson, Dylan M., Nilsonne, Gustav, Notter, Michael P., Olivetti, Emanuele, Onicas, Adrian I., Papale, Paolo, Patil, Kaustubh R., Peelle, Jonathan E., Pérez, Alexandre, Pischedda, Doris, Poline, Jean-Baptiste, Prystauka, Yanina, Ray, Shruti, Reuter-Lorenz, Patricia A., Reynolds, Richard C., Ricciardi, Emiliano, Rieck, Jenny R., Rodriguez-Thompson, Anais M., Romyn, Anthony, Salo, Taylor, Samanez-Larkin, Gregory R., Sanz-Morales, Emilio, Schlichting, Margaret L., Schultz, Douglas H., Shen, Qiang, Sheridan, Margaret A., Silvers, Jennifer A., Skagerlund, Kenny, Smith, Alec, Smith, David V., Sokol-Hessner, Peter, Steinkamp, Simon R., Tashjian, Sarah M., Thirion, Bertrand, Thorp, John N., Tinghög, Gustav, Tisdall, Loreen, Tompson, Steven H., Toro-Serey, Claudio, Torre Tresols, Juan Jesus, Tozzi, Leonardo, Truong, Vuong, Turella, Luca, van ‘t Veer, Anna E., Verguts, Tom, Vettel, Jean M., Vijayarajah, Sagana, Vo, Khoi, Wall, Matthew B., Weeda, Wouter D., Weis, Susanne, White, David J., Wisniewski, David, Xifra-Porxas, Alba, Yearling, Emily A., Yoon, Sangsuk, Yuan, Rui, Yuen, Kenneth S. L., Zhang, Lei, Zhang, Xu, Zosky, Joshua E., Nichols, Thomas E., Poldrack, Russell A., and Schonberg, Tom
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- 2020
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36. Use of left atrial appendage occlusion among older cardiac surgery patients with preoperative atrial fibrillation: a national cohort study
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Friedman, Daniel J., Gaca, Jeffrey G., Wang, Tongrong, Malaisrie, S. Chris, Holmes, David R., Piccini, Jonathan P., Suri, Rakesh M., Mack, Michael J., Badhwar, Vinay, Jacobs, Jeffrey P., Peterson, Eric D., Chow, Shein-Chung, and Matthew Brennan, J.
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- 2020
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37. Exchange-Correlation Asymptotics and High Harmonic Spectra
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Mack, Michael, Whitenack, Daniel, and Wasserman, Adam
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Physics - Chemical Physics ,Physics - Atomic Physics - Abstract
This paper has been withdrawn by the authors; the main conclusion is incorrect, as some of the crucial calculations were not properly converged., Comment: This paper has been withdrawn
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- 2012
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38. Transcatheter or Surgical Replacement for Failed Bioprosthetic Aortic Valves
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Tran, Jessica H., Itagaki, Shinobu, Zeng, Qi, Leon, Martin B., O’Gara, Patrick T., Mack, Michael J., Gillinov, A. Marc, El-Hamamsy, Ismail, Tang, Gilbert H. L., Mikami, Takahisa, Bagiella, Emilia, Moskowitz, Alan J., Adams, David H., Gelijns, Annetine C., Borger, Michael A., and Egorova, Natalia N.
- Abstract
IMPORTANCE: The use of valve-in-valve (ViV) transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has been rapidly expanding as an alternative treatment to redo surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) for failed bioprosthetic valves despite limited long-term data. OBJECTIVE: To assess mortality and morbidity in patients undergoing intervention for failed bioprosthetic SAVR. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective population-based cohort analysis conducted between January 1, 2015, and December 31, 2020, with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 2.3 (1.1-4.0) years. A total of 1771 patients with a history of bioprosthetic SAVR who underwent ViV-TAVR or redo SAVR in California, New York, and New Jersey were included. Data were obtained from the California Department of Health Care Access and Information, the New York Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System, and the New Jersey Discharge Data Collection System. Exclusion criteria included undergoing TAVR or redo SAVR within 5 years from initial SAVR, as well as infective endocarditis, concomitant surgical procedures, and out-of-state residency. Propensity matching yielded 375 patient pairs. Data were analyzed from January to December 2023. INTERVENTIONS: ViV-TAVR vs redo SAVR. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASUREMENTS: The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were stroke, heart failure hospitalization, reoperation, major bleeding, acute kidney failure, new pacemaker insertion, and infective endocarditis. RESULTS: From 2015 through 2020, the proportion of patients undergoing ViV-TAVR vs redo SAVR increased from 159 of 451 (35.3%) to 498 or 797 (62.5%). Of 1771 participants, 653 (36.9%) were female, and the mean (SD) age was 74.4 (11.3) years. Periprocedural mortality and stroke rates were similar between propensity-matched groups. The ViV-TAVR group had lower periprocedural rates of major bleeding (2.4% vs 5.1%; P = .05), acute kidney failure (1.3% vs 7.2%; P < .001), and new pacemaker implantations (3.5% vs 10.9%; P < .001). The 5-year all-cause mortality rate was 23.4% (95% CI, 15.7-34.1) in the ViV-TAVR group and 13.3% (95% CI, 9.2-18.9) in the redo SAVR group. In a landmark analysis, no difference in mortality was observed up to 2 years (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% CI, 0.59-1.78), but after 2 years, ViV-TAVR was associated with higher mortality (hazard ratio, 2.97; 95% CI, 1.18-7.47) as well as with a higher incidence of heart failure hospitalization (hazard ratio, 3.81; 95% CI, 1.57-9.22). There were no differences in 5-year incidence of stroke, reoperation, major bleeding, or infective endocarditis. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Compared with redo SAVR, ViV-TAVR was associated with a lower incidence of periprocedural complications and a similar incidence of all-cause mortality through 2 years’ follow-up. However, ViV-TAVR was associated with higher rates of late mortality and heart failure hospitalization. These findings may be influenced by residual confounding and require adjudication in a randomized clinical trial.
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- 2024
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39. Efficacy and Safety of Botulinum Toxin Type A for the Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation
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Piccini, Jonathan P., Ahlsson, Anders, Dorian, Paul, Gillinov, A. Marc, Kowey, Peter R., Mack, Michael J., Milano, Carmelo A., Noiseux, Nicolas, Perrault, Louis P., Ryan, William, Steinberg, Jonathan S., Voisine, Pierre, Waldron, Nathan H., Gleason, Kevin J., Titanji, Wilson, Leaback, Richard D., O’Sullivan, Alexandra, Ferguson, William G., Benussi, Stefano, Akhter, Shuhab A., Andreas, Martin, Benussi, Stefano, Castella, Manuel, Dalrymple-Hay, Malcolm, El-Eshmawi, Ahmed, Groh, Mark, Hanke, Thorsten, Jeanmart, Hugues, Katz, Marc, McCullough, Jock N., Melby, Spencer, Miller, Jeffrey, Noiseux, Nicolas, Romano, Matthew A., Perrault, Louis P., Piccini, Jonathan P., Podgoreanu, Mihai Victor, Ryan, William, Sharma, Vikas, Shults, Christian, Teman, Nicholas, Voisine, Pierre, Whitson, Bryan A., Wickbom, Anders, Vallabhajosyula, Prashanth, and Yau, Terrence
- Abstract
Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Epicardial injection of botulinum toxin may suppress POAF.
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- 2024
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40. Tricuspid regurgitation burden following transcatheter aortic valve replacement requiring early pacemaker implantation.
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Moubarak, Ghadi, Lanfear, Allison T., Hamandi, Mohanad, Aldrich, Allison I., Van Zyl, Johanna S., Banwait, Jasjit K., Bomar, Jaccallene V., Chang, Soohyun A., Wang, Zuyue, Mack, Michael J., Szerlip, Molly I., and Grayburn, Paul A.
- Abstract
Conduction abnormality requiring the implantation of a permanent pacemaker (PPM) is a well-known and clinically important complication of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, PPM implantation may result in lead-associated tricuspid valve regurgitation (TR). This study sought to determine the incidence and progression of TR following PPM implantation after TAVR. This was a retrospective review of all echocardiograms of patients who underwent PPM following TAVR at the Baylor Scott & White hospitals from 2012 to 2021. The primary endpoint was TR progression at 30 days and 1 year. A subanalysis comparing the change in TR progression between small and large TAVR devices was also conducted. Secondary outcomes included all-cause death at 30 days and 1 year. Out of the 2744 patients who underwent TAVR between April 2012 and August 2021, 177 patients (6.5%) subsequently received a new PPM. There was a statistically significant progression of TR at 1-year follow-up (McNemar's P value = 0.02). TR progression rates were comparable between the small and large valve groups at 1-year follow-up (4% vs 11%, P = 0.09, respectively). In this single healthcare system study, we demonstrated a significant progression of TR in patients with PPM post TAVR at 1 year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Impact of iodinated contrast shortage on contrast-associated acute kidney injury: a single center experience.
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Al-Azizi, Karim M., Moubarak, Ghadi, Szerlip, Molly I., Kluis, Austin, Kazem, Ahmed, Bennett, Monica M., Foster, Lisa, Thomas, Sibi, Dib, Chadi, Sayfo, Sameh, Varma, Jai, Baig, Imran, DiMaio, J. Michael, Mack, Michael J., and Potluri, Srinivasa P.
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In March 2022, a COVID-19 outbreak disrupted the global supply of iodine contrast media (ICM). Healthcare systems implemented contrast-saving strategies to maintain their remaining ICM supplies. This study sought to determine the impact of contrast shortage on the incidence of contrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI). This was a retrospective study of 265 patients undergoing 278 percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) during 4-month periods prior to (9/1/2021 to 12/31/2021) and during (5/1/2022 to 8/31/2022) contrast shortage at a single center. The primary endpoint was the incidence of CA-AKI between study periods. A total of 148 and 130 PCIs were performed before and during contrast shortage, respectively. The incidence of CA-AKI significantly decreased from 11.5% to 4.6% during contrast shortage (P = 0.04). During the shortage, average contrast volume per PCI was significantly lower (123 ± 62 mL vs 88 ± 46 mL, P < 0.001), while coronary imaging was significantly higher (34.3% vs 50%, P = 0.009) compared to preshortage. All-cause mortality at discharge was comparable between study periods (2.8% vs 3.3%, respectively; P = 0.90). The scarcity of ICM for PCI procedures in this single-center experience was associated with a significant increase in the utilization of intravascular imaging and a significant reduction in CA-AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. National Variation in Hospital MTEER Outcomes and Correlation With TAVR Outcomes: STS/ACC TVT Registry Analysis.
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Kumbhani, Dharam J., Manandhar, Pratik, Bavry, Anthony A., Chhatriwalla, Adnan K., Giri, Jay, Mack, Michael, Carroll, John, Pandey, Ambarish, Kosinski, Andrzej, Peterson, Eric D., Kaneko, Tsuyoshi, de Lemos, James A., and Vemulapalli, Sreekanth
- Abstract
A single, multitiered valve center designation has been proposed to publicly identify centers with expertise for all valve therapies. The correlation between transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (MTEER) procedures is unknown. The authors sought to examine the relationship between site-level volumes and outcomes for TAVR and MTEER. We further explored variability between sites for MTEER outcomes. Using the STS/ACC TVT (Society of Thoracic Surgeons/American College of Cardiology Transcatheter Valve Therapy) national registry, TAVR and MTEER procedures at sites offering both therapies from 2013 to 2022 were examined. Sites were ranked into deciles of adjusted in-hospital and 30-day outcomes separately for TAVR and MTEER and compared. Stepwise, hierarchical multivariable models were constructed for MTEER outcomes, and the median OR was calculated. Between 2013 and 2022, 384,394 TAVRs and 53,274 MTEERs (median annualized volumes: 93.6 and 18.8, respectively) were performed across 453 U.S. sites. Annualized TAVR and MTEER volumes were moderately correlated (r = 0.48; P < 0.001). After adjustment, 14.3% of sites had the same decile rank for TAVR and MTEER 30-day composite outcome, 50.6% were within 2 decile ranks; 35% had more discordant outcomes for the 2 procedures (P = 0.0005). For MTEER procedures, the median OR for the 30-day composite outcome was 1.57 (95% CI: 1.51-1.64), indicating a 57% variability in outcome by site. There is modest correlation between hospital-level volumes for TAVR and MTEER but low interprocedural correlation of outcomes. For similar patients, site-level variability for mortality/morbidity following MTEER was high. Factors influencing outcomes and "centers of excellence" as a whole may differ for TAVR and MTEER. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. The Citation Index of Chemistry Education Research in the 'Journal of Chemical Education' from 2008 to 2016: A Closer Look at the Impact Factor
- Author
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Rodriguez, Jon-Marc G., Bain, Kinsey, Moon, Alena, Mack, Michael R., DeKorver, Brittland K., and Towns, Marcy H.
- Abstract
Journal impact factors are a metric often used to evaluate journals; they are calculated by considering a journal's citation and publication rates during a specified time period. In some cases, impact factors can be misleading because they do not take into account the publication of different types of papers. In the "Journal of Chemical Education," many papers provide useful laboratory exercises and classroom activities for teaching faculty and instructors, but they are not formally considered chemistry education research. Laboratory and classroom activity papers may positively affect classroom practices and curriculum development through adaptation and implementation, yet are cited less frequently. This study calculates a citation index for chemistry education research articles published between 2006 and 2015 and compares that index to the published impact factor. We find that the calculated citation index at the two-year and five-year intervals is larger than the corresponding impact factor for the same time period, demonstrating that chemistry education research articles are cited with greater frequency than previously suggested by impact factor calculations.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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44. A Constructivist Design and Learning Model: Time for a Graphic.
- Author
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Rogers, Patricia L. and Mack, Michael
- Abstract
At the University of Minnesota, a model, visual representation or "graphic" that incorporated both a systematic design process and a constructivist approach was used as a framework for course design. This paper describes experiences of applying the Instructional Context Design (ICD) framework in both the K-12 and higher education settings. The first application involved creating a fifth grade writing assignment that was motivating, short-term, and still incorporated both research and creativity. The second application involved developing a post-baccalaureate course called "Art Media Techniques: Computers." The ICD concept seemed to work well as a framework for developing the courses within the constructivist philosophy; the paper includes discussion on the origins of that concept and on two sets of relevant theoretical criteria. Dunn's modified questions for constructivist design focus on whether the materials are appropriate to the learning outcome: if they include adequate instruction on the subordinate skills; if they are clear and readily understood by representative members of the target group; the motivational value and relevance of the materials; and whether they can be managed efficiently in the manner mediated. Richey identified six core elements of systematic design processes, which include: determining learner needs; determining goals and objectives; constructing assessment procedures; designing and/or selecting delivery approaches; testing the instructional system; and installing and maintaining the system. It was concluded that attention to the context of learning and to how that context facilitates learning, is the "value added" by adopting a constructivist epistemology in instructional design. (Contains 19 references.) (AEF)
- Published
- 1996
45. Linear and Non-Linear Hypertext in Elementary School Classroom Instruction.
- Author
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Mack, Michael
- Abstract
This exploratory study was designed to introduce hypertext as a component of classroom instruction in a situation similar to that which might prevail in a public school setting. Linear and non-linear treatments of the same text were employed as an information source for a supplemental learning task prescribed by a teacher as part of classroom instruction. Participants were 80 4th grade students in an elementary school in a suburban school district. The students were grouped by experience with video game technology (high and low) in order to study the influence of that experience on their performance and satisfaction with the two hypertext versions of the learning task. The hypertext used in this study, the geological regions of Minnesota and their products, is related to, but does not duplicate, the content of a required fourth grade social studies unit. In the non-linear version, a hypertext web radiates from numerous graphic choice screens, which allows students at any point to select screens viewed earlier in the lesson, move on to new information, return to previous choice points, or quit the lesson. The linear versions presents all screens in a predetermined sequence, and only has options of continuing the sequence, reversing the sequence one screen at a time, or quitting. Performance was assessed by a student activity sheet, a delayed post-measure, and an attitude survey. No significant main effects or interactions were found for any of the dependent variables. A post hoc exploratory analysis revealed a significant main effect for gender on attitude toward lesson organization. Males found the lesson, regardless of treatment, more clearly organized than did females. (Contains 36 references.) (MAS)
- Published
- 1995
46. What Makes Face Recognition Holistic: Insight From Models
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Gauthier, Isabel, Mack, Michael, Palmeri, Thomas, and Richler, Jennifer
- Published
- 2009
47. Recognizing Scenes Containing Consistent or Inconsistent Objects
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Mack, Michael and Palmeri, Thomas
- Published
- 2009
48. Ventromedial prefrontal cortex compression during concept learning
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Mack, Michael L., Preston, Alison R., and Love, Bradley C.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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49. Challenges and Future Directions in Redo Aortic Valve Reintervention After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Failure.
- Author
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Zaid, Syed, Bapat, Vinayak N., Sathananthan, Janarthanan, Landes, Uri, De Backer, Ole, Tarantini, Giuseppe, Grubb, Kendra J., Tsuyoshi Kaneko, Khalique, Omar K., Jilaihawi, Hasan, Miho Fukui, Madhavan, Mahesh, Cangut, Busra, Harrington, Katherine, Thourani, Vinod H., Makkar, Raj R., Leon, Martin B., Mack, Michael J., and Tang, Gilbert H. L.
- Abstract
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is increasingly being performed in younger and lower surgical risk patients. Reintervention for failed transcatheter heart valves will likely increase in the future as younger patients are expected to outlive the initial bioprosthesis. While redo-TAVR has emerged as an attractive and less invasive alternative to surgical explantation (TAVR-explant) to treat transcatheter heart valve failure, it may not be feasible in all patients due to the risk of coronary obstruction and impaired coronary access. Conversely, TAVR-explant can be offered to most patients who are surgical candidates, but the reported outcomes have shown high mortality and morbidity. This review provides the latest evidence, current challenges, and future directions on redo-TAVR and TAVR-explant for transcatheter heart valve failure, to guide aortic valve reintervention and facilitate patients' lifetime management of aortic stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Surgical Explantation of Failed Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.
- Author
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Zaid, Syed, Hirji, Sameer A., Bapat, Vinayak N., Denti, Paolo, Modine, Thomas, Nguyen, Tom C., Mack, Michael J., Reardon, Michael J., Kaneko, Tsuyoshi, and Tang, Gilbert H.L.
- Abstract
Recent reports have demonstrated worse than expected outcomes of surgical explantation after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However in-depth analysis of the short- and mid-term risk of concomitant cardiac surgery at the time of TAVR explant is lacking. Data from the multicenter EXPLANT-TAVR registry of patients undergoing TAVR-explant between November 2009 and September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients undergoing concomitant procedures were included, but explants performed during the same admission as the initial TAVR or concomitant procedures performed on the aortic root, ascending aorta, or arch were excluded. Outcomes were evaluated between the isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) and concomitant SAVR groups. Median follow-up was 6.6 months. Among 199 patients, concomitant SAVR was performed in 94 patients (47.2%), primarily with mitral valve surgery (n = 45) followed by coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 23). Despite similar mean ages between groups (72.8 vs 73.4 years), concomitant SAVR had a higher median Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality score at the index TAVR (5.9% vs 3.7%, P =.001). There were no differences in median time-to-explant between groups (12.9 vs 8.7 months, P =.78). However concomitant SAVR had longer mean cardiopulmonary bypass (166 vs 114 minutes, P =.001) and cross-clamp times (123 vs 81 minutes, P =.001). Both 30-day (16.7% vs 9.9%) and 1-year mortality (36.1% vs 22.1%) were higher with concomitant SAVR but did not reach statistical significance (both P >.05). On Kaplan-Meier analysis, actuarial estimates of cumulative survival were significantly lower with concomitant SAVR at 3 years (56.8% vs 81.1%, P =.020). For surgical explantation after TAVR failure, concomitant SAVR is associated with increased mortality. Further studies with longer follow-up are warranted to examine the benefit from earlier intervention before concomitant disease develops. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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