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1. The role of rodents as carriers of disease on UK farms: a preliminary investigation

Author

Sethar, A., MacIntyre, S., Prescott, C. V., Stuart, A. M., Neuman, B. W., McCarthy, N. D., Wimalarathna, H., and Maiden, M. C. J.

Subjects
arenavirus, Campylobacter, disease, Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis, Rattus norvegicus, Agriculture, Botany, QK1-989
Abstract

In the UK, Campylobacter spp. and Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (LCMV), an Old World arenavirus, cause two zoonoses of concern that may be transmissible from rodents to humans and livestock. The aims of this preliminary investigation were to examine the occurrence of Campylobacter spp. and LCMV in Norway rats Rattus norvegicus on UK farms and to identify and characterise the Sequence Types of the Campylobacter isolates. Samples were collected from wild Norway rats and fresh Norway rat faeces. Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) was performed on C. spp. isolates and samples were tested for arenavirus RNA by RT-PCR. Six C. spp. isolates were identified. One isolate was C. lari and five isolates were C. jejuni. Following MSLT profiling, three unique C. jejuni sequence types were identified. Two of which are novel and the third is typically associated with livestock and human infection. Nine positive results for LCMV were obtained giving an overall prevalence of 25% across four sites. This is higher than previously reported for this species.

Published
2011
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2. Oxygen dynamics in permafrost thaw lakes: Anaerobic bioreactors in the Canadian subarctic

Author

Deshpande, BN, Macintyre, S, Matveev, A, and Vincent, WF

Subjects
Marine Biology & Hydrobiology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Permafrost thaw lakes occur in high abundance across the subarctic landscape but little is known about their limnological dynamics. This study was undertaken to evaluate the hourly, seasonal, and depth variations in oxygen concentration in three thaw lakes in northern Quebec, Canada, across contrasting permafrost regimes (isolated, sporadic, and discontinuous). All lakes were well stratified in summer despite their shallow depths (2.7-4.0m), with hypoxic or anoxic bottom waters. Continuous automated measurements in each of the lakes showed a period of water column oxygenation over several weeks in fall followed by bottom-water anoxia soon after ice-up. Anoxic conditions extended to shallower depths (1m) over the course of winter, beginning 18-137 d after ice formation, depending on the lake. Full water column anoxia extended over 33-75% of the annual record. There was a brief period of incomplete spring mixing with partial or no reoxygenation of the bottom waters in each lake. Conductivity measurements showed the build-up of solutes in the bottom waters, and the resultant density increase contributed to the resistance to full mixing in spring. These observations indicate the prevalence of stratified conditions throughout most of the year and underscore the importance of the fall mixing period for gas exchange with the atmosphere. Given the long duration of anoxia, subarctic thaw lakes represent an ideal environment for anaerobic processes such as methane production. The intermittent oxygenation also favors intense methanotrophy and aerobic bacterial decomposition processes.

Published
2015

5. Turbulent mixing induced by nonlinear internal waves in mono lake, california

Author

MacIntyre, S, Clark, JF, Jellison, R, and Framb, JP

Subjects
Marine Biology & Hydrobiology, Earth Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Describing the spatial and temporal occurrence of turbulent mixing and the mechanisms of turbulence production are fundamental problems in physical limnology and oceanography. Here we present results from Mono Lake, California, that illustrate pronounced steepening of the pycnocline upon cessation of strong wind forcing and the enhanced turbulence resulting from this nonlinearity. Three events occurred with wind speed of >.10 m s-1. Upwind, the upper pycnocline upwelled, but on relaxation of the wind, it downwelled 6-10 m and compressed. The similarity of wave amplitude during compression to mixed layer depth and Lake numbers

Published
2009

6. Need for harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring of African Great Lakes

Author

Plisnier, P. D. Kayanda, R. MacIntyre, S. Obiero, K. Okello, W. Vodacek, A. Cocquyt, C. Abegaz, H. Achieng, A. Akonkwa, B. Albrecht, C. Balagizi, C. Barasa, J. Abel Bashonga, R. Bashonga Bishobibiri, A. Bootsma, H. Borges, A. V. Chavula, G. Dadi, T. De Keyzer, E. L. R. Doran, P. J. Gabagambi, N. Gatare, R. Gemmell, A. Getahun, A. Haambiya, L. H. Higgins, S. N. Hyangya, B. L. Irvine, K. Isumbisho, M. Jonasse, C. Katongo, C. Katsev, S. Keyombe, J. Kimirei, I. Kisekelwa, T. Kishe, M. Otoung A. Koding, S. Kolding, J. Kraemer, B. M. Limbu, P. Lomodei, E. Mahongo, S. B. Malala, J. Mbabazi, S. Masilya, P. M. McCandless, M. Medard, M. Migeni Ajode, Z. Mrosso, H. D. Mudakikwa, E. R. Mulimbwa, N. Mushagalusa, D. Muvundja, F. A. Nankabirwa, A. Nahimana, D. Ngatunga, B. P. Ngochera, M. Nicholson, S. Nshombo, M. Ntakimazi, G. Nyamweya, C. Ikwaput Nyeko, J. Olago, D. Olbamo, T. O'Reilly, C. M. Pasche, N. Phiri, H. Raasakka, N. Salyani, A. Sibomana, C. Silsbe, G. M. Smith, S. Sterner, R. W. Thiery, W. Tuyisenge, J. Van der Knaap, M. Van Steenberge, M. van Zwieten, P. A. M. Verheyen, E. Wakjira, M. Walakira, J. Ndeo Wembo, O. Lawrence, T. and Plisnier, P. D. Kayanda, R. MacIntyre, S. Obiero, K. Okello, W. Vodacek, A. Cocquyt, C. Abegaz, H. Achieng, A. Akonkwa, B. Albrecht, C. Balagizi, C. Barasa, J. Abel Bashonga, R. Bashonga Bishobibiri, A. Bootsma, H. Borges, A. V. Chavula, G. Dadi, T. De Keyzer, E. L. R. Doran, P. J. Gabagambi, N. Gatare, R. Gemmell, A. Getahun, A. Haambiya, L. H. Higgins, S. N. Hyangya, B. L. Irvine, K. Isumbisho, M. Jonasse, C. Katongo, C. Katsev, S. Keyombe, J. Kimirei, I. Kisekelwa, T. Kishe, M. Otoung A. Koding, S. Kolding, J. Kraemer, B. M. Limbu, P. Lomodei, E. Mahongo, S. B. Malala, J. Mbabazi, S. Masilya, P. M. McCandless, M. Medard, M. Migeni Ajode, Z. Mrosso, H. D. Mudakikwa, E. R. Mulimbwa, N. Mushagalusa, D. Muvundja, F. A. Nankabirwa, A. Nahimana, D. Ngatunga, B. P. Ngochera, M. Nicholson, S. Nshombo, M. Ntakimazi, G. Nyamweya, C. Ikwaput Nyeko, J. Olago, D. Olbamo, T. O'Reilly, C. M. Pasche, N. Phiri, H. Raasakka, N. Salyani, A. Sibomana, C. Silsbe, G. M. Smith, S. Sterner, R. W. Thiery, W. Tuyisenge, J. Van der Knaap, M. Van Steenberge, M. van Zwieten, P. A. M. Verheyen, E. Wakjira, M. Walakira, J. Ndeo Wembo, O. Lawrence, T.

Abstract

To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multi-lake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.

Published
2023
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7. The GOES-16 Spacecraft Science Magnetometer

Author

Loto’aniu, T. M., Redmon, R. J., Califf, S., Singer, H. J., Rowland, W., Macintyre, S., Chastain, C., Dence, R., Bailey, R., Shoemaker, E., Rich, F. J., Chu, D., Early, D., Kronenwetter, J., and Todirita, M.

Published
2019
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8. Global data set of long-term summertime vertical temperature profiles in 153 lakes

Author

Pilla, R, Mette, E, Williamson, C, Adamovich, B, Adrian, R, Anneville, O, Balseiro, E, Ban, S, Chandra, S, Colom-Montero, W, Devlin, S, Dix, M, Dokulil, M, Feldsine, N, Feuchtmayr, H, Fogarty, N, Gaiser, E, Girdner, S, Gonzalez, M, Hambright, K, Hamilton, D, Havens, K, Hessen, D, Hetzenauer, H, Higgins, S, Huttula, T, Huuskonen, H, Isles, P, Joehnk, K, Keller, W, Klug, J, Knoll, L, Korhonen, J, Korovchinsky, N, Koster, O, Kraemer, B, Leavitt, P, Leoni, B, Lepori, F, Lepskaya, E, Lottig, N, Luger, M, Maberly, S, Macintyre, S, Mcbride, C, Mcintyre, P, Melles, S, Modenutti, B, Muller-Navarra, D, Pacholski, L, Paterson, A, Pierson, D, Pislegina, H, Plisnier, P, Richardson, D, Rimmer, A, Rogora, M, Rogozin, D, Rusak, J, Rusanovskaya, O, Sadro, S, Salmaso, N, Saros, J, Sarvala, J, Saulnier-Talbot, E, Schindler, D, Shimaraeva, S, Silow, E, Sitoki, L, Sommaruga, R, Straile, D, Strock, K, Swain, H, Tallant, J, Thiery, W, Timofeyev, M, Tolomeev, A, Tominaga, K, Vanni, M, Verburg, P, Vinebrooke, R, Wanzenbock, J, Weathers, K, Weyhenmeyer, G, Zadereev, E, Zhukova, T, Pilla R. M., Mette E. M., Williamson C. E., Adamovich B. V., Adrian R., Anneville O., Balseiro E., Ban S., Chandra S., Colom-Montero W., Devlin S. P., Dix M. A., Dokulil M. T., Feldsine N. A., Feuchtmayr H., Fogarty N. K., Gaiser E. E., Girdner S. F., Gonzalez M. J., Hambright K. D., Hamilton D. P., Havens K., Hessen D. O., Hetzenauer H., Higgins S. N., Huttula T. H., Huuskonen H., Isles P. D. F., Joehnk K. D., Keller W. B., Klug J., Knoll L. B., Korhonen J., Korovchinsky N. M., Koster O., Kraemer B. M., Leavitt P. R., Leoni B., Lepori F., Lepskaya E. V., Lottig N. R., Luger M. S., Maberly S. C., MacIntyre S., McBride C., McIntyre P., Melles S. J., Modenutti B., Muller-Navarra D. C., Pacholski L., Paterson A. M., Pierson D. C., Pislegina H. V., Plisnier P. -D., Richardson D. C., Rimmer A., Rogora M., Rogozin D. Y., Rusak J. A., Rusanovskaya O. O., Sadro S., Salmaso N., Saros J. E., Sarvala J., Saulnier-Talbot E., Schindler D. E., Shimaraeva S. V., Silow E. A., Sitoki L. M., Sommaruga R., Straile D., Strock K. E., Swain H., Tallant J. M., Thiery W., Timofeyev M. A., Tolomeev A. P., Tominaga K., Vanni M. J., Verburg P., Vinebrooke R. D., Wanzenbock J., Weathers K., Weyhenmeyer G. A., Zadereev E. S., Zhukova T. V., Pilla, R, Mette, E, Williamson, C, Adamovich, B, Adrian, R, Anneville, O, Balseiro, E, Ban, S, Chandra, S, Colom-Montero, W, Devlin, S, Dix, M, Dokulil, M, Feldsine, N, Feuchtmayr, H, Fogarty, N, Gaiser, E, Girdner, S, Gonzalez, M, Hambright, K, Hamilton, D, Havens, K, Hessen, D, Hetzenauer, H, Higgins, S, Huttula, T, Huuskonen, H, Isles, P, Joehnk, K, Keller, W, Klug, J, Knoll, L, Korhonen, J, Korovchinsky, N, Koster, O, Kraemer, B, Leavitt, P, Leoni, B, Lepori, F, Lepskaya, E, Lottig, N, Luger, M, Maberly, S, Macintyre, S, Mcbride, C, Mcintyre, P, Melles, S, Modenutti, B, Muller-Navarra, D, Pacholski, L, Paterson, A, Pierson, D, Pislegina, H, Plisnier, P, Richardson, D, Rimmer, A, Rogora, M, Rogozin, D, Rusak, J, Rusanovskaya, O, Sadro, S, Salmaso, N, Saros, J, Sarvala, J, Saulnier-Talbot, E, Schindler, D, Shimaraeva, S, Silow, E, Sitoki, L, Sommaruga, R, Straile, D, Strock, K, Swain, H, Tallant, J, Thiery, W, Timofeyev, M, Tolomeev, A, Tominaga, K, Vanni, M, Verburg, P, Vinebrooke, R, Wanzenbock, J, Weathers, K, Weyhenmeyer, G, Zadereev, E, Zhukova, T, Pilla R. M., Mette E. M., Williamson C. E., Adamovich B. V., Adrian R., Anneville O., Balseiro E., Ban S., Chandra S., Colom-Montero W., Devlin S. P., Dix M. A., Dokulil M. T., Feldsine N. A., Feuchtmayr H., Fogarty N. K., Gaiser E. E., Girdner S. F., Gonzalez M. J., Hambright K. D., Hamilton D. P., Havens K., Hessen D. O., Hetzenauer H., Higgins S. N., Huttula T. H., Huuskonen H., Isles P. D. F., Joehnk K. D., Keller W. B., Klug J., Knoll L. B., Korhonen J., Korovchinsky N. M., Koster O., Kraemer B. M., Leavitt P. R., Leoni B., Lepori F., Lepskaya E. V., Lottig N. R., Luger M. S., Maberly S. C., MacIntyre S., McBride C., McIntyre P., Melles S. J., Modenutti B., Muller-Navarra D. C., Pacholski L., Paterson A. M., Pierson D. C., Pislegina H. V., Plisnier P. -D., Richardson D. C., Rimmer A., Rogora M., Rogozin D. Y., Rusak J. A., Rusanovskaya O. O., Sadro S., Salmaso N., Saros J. E., Sarvala J., Saulnier-Talbot E., Schindler D. E., Shimaraeva S. V., Silow E. A., Sitoki L. M., Sommaruga R., Straile D., Strock K. E., Swain H., Tallant J. M., Thiery W., Timofeyev M. A., Tolomeev A. P., Tominaga K., Vanni M. J., Verburg P., Vinebrooke R. D., Wanzenbock J., Weathers K., Weyhenmeyer G. A., Zadereev E. S., and Zhukova T. V.

Abstract

Climate change and other anthropogenic stressors have led to long-term changes in the thermal structure, including surface temperatures, deepwater temperatures, and vertical thermal gradients, in many lakes around the world. Though many studies highlight warming of surface water temperatures in lakes worldwide, less is known about long-term trends in full vertical thermal structure and deepwater temperatures, which have been changing less consistently in both direction and magnitude. Here, we present a globally-expansive data set of summertime in-situ vertical temperature profiles from 153 lakes, with one time series beginning as early as 1894. We also compiled lake geographic, morphometric, and water quality variables that can influence vertical thermal structure through a variety of potential mechanisms in these lakes. These long-term time series of vertical temperature profiles and corresponding lake characteristics serve as valuable data to help understand changes and drivers of lake thermal structure in a time of rapid global and ecological change.

Published
2021

9. The Association of Childhood Intelligence with Mortality Risk from Adolescence to Middle Age: Findings from the Aberdeen Children of the 1950s Cohort Study

Author

Leon, D. A., Lawlor, D. A., Clark, H., Batty, G. D., and Macintyre, S.

Abstract

There is growing evidence that childhood IQ is inversely associated with mortality in later life. However, the specificity of this association in terms of causes of death, whether it is continuous over the whole range of IQ scores and whether it is the same according to age and sex is not clear. In a large cohort (N = 11,603) of a complete population of children born in one city in the UK in the early 1950s, IQ measured at age 7 years (using a routinely administered picture test) was found to be inversely associated with mortality between the ages of 15 and 57 years. For every 1 SD increase in IQ at 7, the all cause mortality hazard ratio was 0.79 (95% CI 0.73, 0.85). On adjustment for a range of perinatal factors, father's social class at birth, number of sibs in the household and childhood height and weight, this was attenuated slightly to 0.81 (0.74, 0.88). Almost identical associations of IQ with mortality were seen for men and women as well as at younger (15-39) and older (40+) ages. These associations were across the entire IQ range, although some of the high mortality in the lowest category of IQ (less than 70) was accounted for by causes associated with congenital disorders. Overall, external causes of death showed the strongest association, with weaker associations being seen for cancer. Further work is required to understand the mechanisms whereby childhood IQ has such a robust association with mortality in later life. (Contains 6 tables.)

Published
2009
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11. Need for harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring of African Great Lakes

Author

Plisnier, P.-D., Kayanda, R., MacIntyre, S., Obiero, K., Okello, W., Vodacek, A., Cocquyt, C., Abegaz, H., Achieng, A., Akonkwa, B., Albrecht, C., Balagizi, C., Barasa, J., Bashonga, R.A., Bishobibiri, A.B., Bootsma, H., Borges, A.V., Chavula, G., Dadi, Tallent, De Keyzer, E.L.R., Doran, P.J., Gabagambi, N., Gatare, R., Gemmell, A., Getahun, A., Haambiya, L.H., Higgins, S.N., Hyangya, B.L., Irvine, K., Isumbisho, M., Jonasse, C., Katongo, C., Katsev, S., Keyombe, J., Kimirei, I., Kisekelwa, T., Kishe, M., Koding, S.O.A., Kolding, J., Kraemer, B.M., Limbu, P., Lomodei, E., Mahongo, S.B., Malala, J., Mbabazi, S., Masilya, P.M., McCandless, M., Medard, M., Ajode, Z.M., Mrosso, H.D., Mudakikwa, E.R., Mulimbwa, N., Mushagalusa, D., Muvundja, F., Nankabirwa, A., Nahimana, D., Ngatunga, B.P., Ngochera, M., Nicholson, S., Nshombo, M., Ntakimazi, G., Nyamweya, C., Nyeko, J.I., Olago, D., Olbamo, T., O'Reilly, C.M., Pasche, N., Phiri, H., Raasakka, N., Salyani, A., Sibomana, C., Silsbe, G.M., Smith, S., Sterner, R.W., Thiery, W., Tuyisenge, J., Van der Knaap, M., Van Steenberge, M., van Zwieten, P.A.M., Verheyen, E., Wakjira, M., Walakira, J., Wembo, O.N., Lawrence, T., Plisnier, P.-D., Kayanda, R., MacIntyre, S., Obiero, K., Okello, W., Vodacek, A., Cocquyt, C., Abegaz, H., Achieng, A., Akonkwa, B., Albrecht, C., Balagizi, C., Barasa, J., Bashonga, R.A., Bishobibiri, A.B., Bootsma, H., Borges, A.V., Chavula, G., Dadi, Tallent, De Keyzer, E.L.R., Doran, P.J., Gabagambi, N., Gatare, R., Gemmell, A., Getahun, A., Haambiya, L.H., Higgins, S.N., Hyangya, B.L., Irvine, K., Isumbisho, M., Jonasse, C., Katongo, C., Katsev, S., Keyombe, J., Kimirei, I., Kisekelwa, T., Kishe, M., Koding, S.O.A., Kolding, J., Kraemer, B.M., Limbu, P., Lomodei, E., Mahongo, S.B., Malala, J., Mbabazi, S., Masilya, P.M., McCandless, M., Medard, M., Ajode, Z.M., Mrosso, H.D., Mudakikwa, E.R., Mulimbwa, N., Mushagalusa, D., Muvundja, F., Nankabirwa, A., Nahimana, D., Ngatunga, B.P., Ngochera, M., Nicholson, S., Nshombo, M., Ntakimazi, G., Nyamweya, C., Nyeko, J.I., Olago, D., Olbamo, T., O'Reilly, C.M., Pasche, N., Phiri, H., Raasakka, N., Salyani, A., Sibomana, C., Silsbe, G.M., Smith, S., Sterner, R.W., Thiery, W., Tuyisenge, J., Van der Knaap, M., Van Steenberge, M., van Zwieten, P.A.M., Verheyen, E., Wakjira, M., Walakira, J., Wembo, O.N., and Lawrence, T.

Abstract

To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multi-lake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.

Published
2022

15. Modeling Lakes and Reservoirs in the Climate System

Author

MacKay, M. D., Neale, P. J., Arp, C. D., De Senerpont Domis, L. N., Fang, X., Gal, G., Jöhnk, K. D., Kirillin, G., Lenters, J. D., Litchman, E., MacIntyre, S., Marsh, P., Melack, J., Mooij, W. M., Peeters, F., Quesada, A., Schladow, S. G., Schmid, M., Spence, C., and Stokes, S. L.

Published
2009

21. Characteristics, distribution and persistence of thin layers over a 48 hour period

Author

McManus, M. A., Alldredge, A. L., Barnard, A. H., Boss, E., Case, J. F., Cowles, T. J., Donaghay, P. L., Eisner, L. B., Gifford, D. J., Greenlaw, C. F., Herren, C. M., Holliday, D. V., Johnson, D., MacIntyre, S., McGehee, D. M., Osborn, T. R., Perry, M. J., Pieper, R. E., Rines, J. E. B., Smith, D. C., Sullivan, J. M., Talbot, M. K., Twardowski, M. S., Weidemann, A., and Zaneveld, J. R.

Published
2003

25. Variable Physical Drivers of Near‐Surface Turbulence in a Regulated River

Author

Guseva, S., primary, Aurela, M., additional, Cortés, A., additional, Kivi, R., additional, Lotsari, E., additional, MacIntyre, S., additional, Mammarella, I., additional, Ojala, A., additional, Stepanenko, V., additional, Uotila, P., additional, Vähä, A., additional, Vesala, T., additional, Wallin, M. B., additional, and Lorke, A., additional

Published
2021
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26. Diel Variability of CO 2 Emissions From Northern Lakes

Author

Rudberg, D., primary, Duc, N. T., additional, Schenk, J., additional, Sieczko, A. K., additional, Pajala, G., additional, Sawakuchi, H. O., additional, Verheijen, H. A., additional, Melack, J. M., additional, MacIntyre, S., additional, Karlsson, J., additional, and Bastviken, D., additional

Published
2021
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27. 1386P Phase II study of bavituximab (bavi), a first-in-class antibody targeting phosphatidylserine (PS), plus pembrolizumab (pembro) in advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer

Author

Chau, I., primary, Culm-Merdek, K., additional, Bendell, J.C., additional, Catenacci, D.V., additional, Lee, J., additional, Chaney, M.F., additional, MacIntyre, S., additional, Gopal, S., additional, Chamberlain Santos, V., additional, Youssoufian, H., additional, Mockbee, C., additional, Benjamin, L., additional, and Park, H., additional

Published
2021
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34. Variable Physical Drivers of Near-Surface Turbulence in a Regulated River

Author

Guseva, S., Aurela, M., Cortés, A., Kivi, R., Lotsari, E., MacIntyre, S., Mammarella, I., Ojala, A., Stepanenko, V., Uotila, P., Vähä, A., Vesala, T., Wallin, Marcus B., Lorke, A., Guseva, S., Aurela, M., Cortés, A., Kivi, R., Lotsari, E., MacIntyre, S., Mammarella, I., Ojala, A., Stepanenko, V., Uotila, P., Vähä, A., Vesala, T., Wallin, Marcus B., and Lorke, A.

Abstract

Inland waters, such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers, are important sources of climate forcing trace gases. A key parameter that regulates the gas exchange between water and the atmosphere is the gas transfer velocity, which itself is controlled by near-surface turbulence in the water. While in lakes and reservoirs, near-surface turbulence is mainly driven by atmospheric forcing, in shallow rivers and streams it is generated by bottom friction of gravity-forced flow. Large rivers represent a transition between these two cases. Near-surface turbulence has rarely been measured in rivers and the drivers of turbulence have not been quantified. We analyzed continuous measurements of flow velocity and quantified turbulence as the rate of dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy over the ice-free season in a large regulated river in Northern Finland. Measured dissipation rates agreed with predictions from bulk parameters, including mean flow velocity, wind speed, surface heat flux, and with a one-dimensional numerical turbulence model. Values ranged from to . Atmospheric forcing or gravity was the dominant driver of near-surface turbulence for similar fraction of the time. Large variability in near-surface dissipation rate occurred at diel time scales, when the flow velocity was strongly affected by downstream dam operation. By combining scaling relations for boundary-layer turbulence at the river bed and at the air-water interface, we derived a simple model for estimating the relative contributions of wind speed and bottom friction of river flow as a function of depth. Plain Language Summary Inland water bodies such as lakes, reservoirs and rivers are an important source of climate forcing trace gases to the atmosphere. Gas excha

Published
2021
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35. Diel Variability of CO2 Emissions From Northern Lakes

Author

Rudberg, David, Duc, N. T., Schenk, Jonathan, Sieczko, Anna Katarzyna, Pajala, Gustav, Sawakuchi, Henrique Oliveira, Verheijen, H. A., Melack, J. M., MacIntyre, S., Karlsson, J., Bastviken, David, Rudberg, David, Duc, N. T., Schenk, Jonathan, Sieczko, Anna Katarzyna, Pajala, Gustav, Sawakuchi, Henrique Oliveira, Verheijen, H. A., Melack, J. M., MacIntyre, S., Karlsson, J., and Bastviken, David

Abstract

Lakes are generally supersaturated in carbon dioxide (CO2) and emitters of CO2 to the atmosphere. However, estimates of CO2 flux (FCO2) from lakes are seldom based on direct flux measurements and usually do not account for nighttime emissions, yielding risk of biased assessments. Here, we present direct FCO2 measurements from automated floating chambers collected every 2-3 hr and spanning 115 24 hr periods in three boreal lakes during summer stratification and before and after autumn mixing in the most eutrophic lake of these. We observed 40%-67% higher mean FCO2 in daytime during periods of surface water CO2 supersaturation in all lakes. Day-night differences in wind speed were correlated with the day-night FCO2 differences in the two larger lakes, but in the smallest and most wind-sheltered lake peaks of FCO2 coincided with low-winds at night. During stratification in the eutrophic lake, CO2 was near equilibrium and diel variability of FCO2 insignificant, but after autumn mixing FCO2 was high with distinct diel variability making this lake a net CO2 source on an annual basis. We found that extrapolating daytime measurements to 24 hr periods overestimated FCO2 by up to 30%, whereas extrapolating measurements from the stratified period to annual rates in the eutrophic lake underestimated FCO2 by 86%. This shows the importance of accounting for diel and seasonal variability in lake CO2 emission estimates., Funding Agencies: Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation [2016.0083]; European Research Council (ERC) [725546]; Swedish Research Council, European Commission [2017-00635, 2016-04829]; FORMAS (the Swedish Research Council for Sustainable Development) [2018-01794]

Published
2021
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40. Gender differences in the associations between health and neighbourhood environment

Author

Stafford, M., Cummins, S., Macintyre, S., Ellaway, A., and Marmot, M.

Subjects
Social capital (Sociology) -- Research, Sex role -- Research, Health, Social sciences
Abstract

Multiple deprivation indicators are frequently used to capture the characteristics of an area. This is a useful approach for identifying the most deprived areas, and summary indices are good predictors of mortality and morbidity, but it remains unclear which aspects of the residential environment are most salient for health. A further question is whether the most important aspects vary for different types of residents. This paper focuses on whether associations with neighbourhood characteristics are different for men and women. The sociopolitical and physical environment, amenities, and indicators of economic deprivation and affluence were measured in neighbourhoods in the UK, and their relationship with self-rated health was investigated using multilevel regression models. Each of these contextual domains was associated with self-rated health over and above individual socioeconomic characteristics. The magnitude of the association was larger for women in each case. Statistically significant interactions between gender and residential environment were found for trust, integration into wider society, left-wing political climate, physical quality of the residential environment, and unemployment rate. These findings add to the literature indicating greater effects of nonwork-based stressors for women and highlight the influence of the residential environment on women's health. Keywords: Neighbourhood; Infrastructure: Social cohesion: Social capital: Sell-rated health: Gender; UK

Published
2005

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