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According to the WHO (https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/headache-disorders), headache is an underestimated, under-treated and under-recognized disease throughout the world, despite the fact that half of the adult world population experiences at least one headache per year. Headache is one of the painful features of primary headache disorders, which include migraine, tension headache and clusters. Amongst migraines, "migraine with aura" occurs in 2% of migraineur population. To illustrate a "migraine with aura", the migraine textbook Headache in Clinical Practice shows a photo of the walled city of Palmanova, Italy. Such a neurological disorder, literally represented as a fortress, frames patients' descriptions of the zigzag lightning they perceive (but do not see) before a migraine attack. If clinical practitioners reframe "migraine with aura" as a fortress - with the WAR metaphor implications it carries - how do patients frame migraine with aura when they speak freely about it on social media? By combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to investigation, this paper will assess in what way the process of information is affected by issues of frame inclusion and exclusion in textual construction. This can help to understand the discourse about migraine, so as to improve professional tools for migraine detection and evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to describe narratives of domestic violence, as found on healthtalk.org (an online platform created with the aim of helping other people in a similar situation to fill a cognitive and emotional gap), in order to detect how suffering is framed in discourse. The linguistic relation between state of mind and affect can be narratively framed through metaphorical discursive patterns. The aim of this paper is to detect these metaphorical features in abused people's narratives that best express their experiential cognitive awareness. The quantitative investigation, carried out with WMatrix, and the qualitative analysis underpin the metaphorical patterns evidenced in the described narratives. As will be see, despite various metaphors are employed in these narratives, the leitmotif supporting all these narratives is that change is motion while states are locations - the possibility for change is only given to abused people when external forces are at stake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The type of advertisements addressed to young people seem to reinforce values conveyed by music, films and fashion. In this new cultural trend, GHD advertising apparently proceeds in an opposite direction, as the visual element of the new GHD advertising campaign is strongly interrelated with religion. Yet the new religious values GHD is offering appear to be more in line with urban trends than with asceticism. It is the aim of this paper to illustrate how the GHD advertising campaign in the UK establishes the identity and success thanks to intertextuality. I will further compare the same ad as it appeared in the Italian press and will point out how the GHD Italian version not only loses its grasp of religion but is also less incisive in style than the English advertisement text. The result is a text in strong opposition to the visual it is linked with.

This paper tries to describe the narratives of parents with children who have a heart condition and who want to share their experience, as found at healthtalk.org, in order to detect how information, knowledge (and empathy) are deployed with the aim of helping other people in a similar situation to fill a cognitive and emotional gap. The investigation was carried out by detecting the most recurrent discursive patterns in the narratives, followed by an analysis of the most frequently used verb that best expresses parents' cognitive awareness (or lack of it) in their experience with their children with congenital heart disease: know. The discourses in these self-narratives follow an emotional flow which varies from story to story but presents a recurrent thread. This does not follow a precise chronological order, as flash-backs and emotions prevail in all the stories, but the main points are found in them all. The analysis of the most frequently used verb, know, carried out with Voyant, reflects the described narratives. The leitmotif underpinning all these points is the question of good parenthood: good parents are those who protect their children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because of its very nature, the tourism experience involves contact with different contexts and cultures, which, once the destination has been reached, may pose cultural and communicative problems because the tourist has to rely on what can be found in situ. In this context, the quantity, and especially the quality, of the information offered can influence the tourist's enjoyment of the whole experience. This calls for the presence, at an attraction site, of translations of informative texts, whose quality is regarded as an indication of the attention and care taken by the destination for the satisfaction of visitors' needs. Drawing on relevant scholars (Duran Muñoz; Sumberg; Cappelli "Translation"; Tognini and Manca) working in this context, this paper will investigate how texts provided as panels for visitors have been translated from Italian into English. Attention will be paid to panels found in a few Italian churches (in Milan), since, to the best of our knowledge, little if any research has been done on this topic. The focus of this investigation will be on the main linguistic features characterizing Italian texts and their English translations found on panels, including an analysis of lexical and syntactic elements employed by the authors to express the informative content of texts. Possible mistakes and inaccuracies in the translating process will be presented and explanations will be provided concerning how target language rules and conventions have been violated during the translation process. In addition, a series of possible solutions to improve the quality of this kind of specialized translation will be proposed, in order to suggest best practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genre of scientific posters is a very complex one, because it implies combining written and oral modes in communication. Such complexity is further increased by the fact that posters are created in such a way as to stand alone and do the talking, while showing medical research, all in a single visual plan. Such extreme conciseness is possible only if redundant information, seen as accessory matters, is deleted. As pointed out by Hobbs (2003, p. 459), this means that in the medical context the cohesion usually provided by explicit linkage is supplied by the reader's background knowledge. In this context, the evidential markers, while facilitating the understanding of poster cognitive mapping, indicate the author's level of expertise towards knowledge. Given the fact that consistent linguistic investigations of posters are almost absent from an applied linguistics perspective, it is the aim of this study to describe how evidentiality is realized in such a condensed and specialized genre. More specifically, drawing on Chafe (1986), this investigation will be focused on those linguistic forms regarded as evidential markers and showing various degrees of knowing within the written form of medical posters, in order to illustrate how evidentiality is linguistically realized, and what, if any, pragmatic functions it has. This investigation, based on the analysis of the verbal components of a corpus of 28 medical posters published online between 2002 and 2011, has been carried out on attested language use in the written discourse of medical posters. The findings highlight the fact that evidentiality is dependent on the socio-interactional work the speaker does to construct authority, responsibility and entitlement in a particular context and with particular recipients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to analyse the extent to which, if any, Twitter has a role in transmitting information and giving way to collaborative journalism - that form of journalism in which people actively take part in news construction - and in what ways ideology and consensus are constructed. The killing of two black people in 2015 by the police, in Ferguson and Baltimore, US, resulted in an explosion of riots and social disorder in which the media showed a great interest, simultaneously mirrored in social media. In particular, Twitter proved to be a successful resource for both popular collaborative journalism and collective social action. Because of this novel role assigned to Twitter, attention has to be paid to the relationship that exists between our society, its stereotypes and prejudices, and social networks (Zappavigna 2012). Starting with a linguistic analysis of the New York Times and Wall Street Journal editorials about Trayvon Martin's and Eric Garner's deaths (with a contrastive investigation of 'on the surface' and 'beneath the surface' discourse at macro- and micro-levels; cf. Hall 1992: 291, and van Dijk 2000), I will move on to an analysis of tweets related to those same episodes, thematically linked by the #blacklivesmatter and #icantbreathe hashtags in Twitter, in order to see how perceptions and opinions are constructed in texts where space is a severe constraint. This corpus linguistic analysis, based on more than 2,000 tweets collected with Tweetarchivist (www.tweetarchivist.com), is grounded in CDA (Fairclough 1995, 2015; Wodak 1996; Wodak and Ludwig 1999). The results suggest that while in the newspapers the language used seems to reflect corporate ideologies, tweets mirror the stereotypes existing in the society which is responsible for constructing them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Tourism Organization has recently confirmed the tourism industry as one of the fastest growing sectors in international business markets. This rapid growth has resulted in an equally rapid transformation of the communication strategies employed by the tourism industry. The Internet has begun to be regarded as a dynamic source of information for both tourists and operators. This paper aims to discuss the strategies exploited by the tourist industry to structure web-texts where their main feature seems to be the careful selection and presentation of information designed to attract attention by paradoxically disturbing any process of predictable reading on the screen in a conventional way. The resulting multi- and hyper-modal peculiarities of tourism texts are clearly the consequence of a changing society where the dynamic interrelations between profit, new forms of (web)communication and the presence of emerging professional figures, as well as audiences, has profoundly influenced tourism discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]