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Students face several challenges in learning Ilm Badi, including difficulty understanding learning objectives, a lack of comprehension regarding the classification in Ilm Badi materials, insufficient visual stimuli in teaching materials, and challenges in generating new sentences. These issues indicate a mismatch between theoretical understanding and practical language skills. Therefore, this study aims to design teaching materials for Ilm Badi with an innovative thinking approach to stimulate students' writing creativity. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D), integrating the instructional material design procedure by Sa'ud with the ADDIE model. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The results indicate that the innovative thinking approach is relevant in strengthening creative thinking processes in general and supports the teaching of Ilm Badi with a more progressive and contextual approach. The teaching materials produced through detailed design stages involve composing content in Arabic and Indonesian, utilizing additional visualizations, and designing exercises to encourage students' innovative thinking abilities. The teaching materials design process includes collaboration with relevant experts. It undergoes expert assessments, resulting in teaching materials that meet standards for use in Ilm Badi learning, emphasizing innovative thinking. Further studies are necessary to test the designed teaching materials' effectiveness empirically.

Ibu setelah melahirkan pasti mengalami rasa ketidaknyamanan pada tubuh, dan juga merasakan stress dan khawatir akan ketidakmampuannya memenuhi kebutuhan asi untuk bayinya sehingga akan menghambat seksesi hormon oksitosin dan prolaktin yang berperan dalam produksi asi. Tujuan penerapan ini adalah untuk mengetahui hasil penerapan pijat oksitosin terhadap kelancaran asi dan diharapkan pasien yang mengalami ketidaklancaran produksi asi mampu mengetahui cara efektif untuk melancarkan asi. Metode yang digunakan pada study kasus ini adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan. Sampel yang digunakan 2 pasien dengan kriteria subyek ibu post-partum primipara hari ke-0 didampingi keluarga, ibu post-partum primipara hari ke-0 yang didampingi keluarga yang belum mendapatkan penyuluhan tentang pijat oksitosin, dan ibu post-partum primipara hari ke-0 dan keluarga yang bersedia menjadi responden. Penerapan ini dilakukan pijat oksitosin selama sehari dua kali yaitu pada pagi dan sore selama tiga hari dengan lama pemijatan sekitar 15 sampai 20 menit dengan. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan dan hasil dari pemijatan oksitosin terhadap produksi asi yang pada awalnya asi belum keluar menjadi bisa keluar.

Abstract The article presents a comprehensive summary of Intelligent Ship Marine Object Detection (ISMOD) based on the RGB Camera. Marine object detection plays a pivotal role in enabling intelligent ships to acquire crucial data and security assurances for autonomous navigation. Among the various detection sensors, the RGB Camera is an informative and cost‐effective tool with a wide range of civil applications. In the beginning, the ISMOD metrics based on the RGB camera is analyzed from three significant aspects, namely accuracy, speed, and robustness. Subsequently, the latest research status and comparative overview are presented, encompassing three mainstream detection methods: traditional detection, deep learning detection, and sensor fusion detection. Finally, the existing challenges of ISMOD are discussed and future development trends are recommended. The results demonstrate that forthcoming development will predominantly concentrate on deep learning approaches, complemented by other techniques. It is imperative to advance detection performance in domains such as deep fusion, multi‐feature extraction, multi‐fusion technology, and lightweight detection architecture.

Idea generation, a cognitive process requiring creativity and action, is the focal point of this study. It aims to evaluate the learning needs of PBA students in Maharatul Kitabah, focusing on higher-order thinking skills (HOTS) for idea generation. The study employs educational research and development methods, iteratively aiming to align outcomes with predetermined goals. The learning model development in this study is guided by learning design procedures, emphasizing the Dick and Carey model. This design process entails three stages: (1) initial research, (2) model design, and (3) feasibility testing. The findings reveal a need for more students' Arabic writing skills, necessitating various activities to bolster high-level thinking competencies in the Kitabah course. These activities encompass strategies like tartib al mahdar, tartib al qishshah min shuwar, washf al–shurah, ta'liq al-nash, and tartib al–nash. All these efforts are directed at enhancing students' writing competence.

Perubahan fisiologis ibu hamil menimbulkan ketidaknyamanan dalam kehamilan, seperti mual muntah. Mual muntah kehamilan disebabkan peningkatan kadar hormon estrogen dan progesterone yang diproduksi HCG. Mual muntah kehamilan berdampak pada kemampuan melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari, fungsi sosial, perkembangan stres dan menyebabkan kelelahan, gangguan nutrisi, dehidrasi, kelemahan, penurunan berat badan, serta ketidakseimbangan elektrolit. Aromaterapi peppermint berefek menenangkan lambung, mengurangi mual muntah ibu hamil. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penurunan mual muntah pada ibu hamil trimester I. Desain studi kasus deskriptif dengan pendekatan proses asuhan keperawatan. Subjek studi kasus ini adalah 2 ibu hamil trimester I dengan keluhan mual muntah yang didapatkan secara purposive sampling. Metode studi kasus ini wawancara dan observasi menggunakan instrument lembar observasi PUQE-12 dengan pengambilan data sebelum dan setelah 12 jam pemberian intervensi aromaterapi peppermint selama 4 hari. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor PUQE-12 sebelum pemberian intervensi aromaterapi peppermint pada kedua subjek didapatkan nilai 5.75, dimana mual muntah dalam kategori ringan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan rata-rata skor PUQE-12 setelah 12 jam pemberian intervensi aromaterapi peppermint pada Ny. N yaitu 4.75, sedangkan pada Ny. R dengan hasil 4, dimana mual muntah dalam kategori ringan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kedua subjek, disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pemberian intervensi aromaterapi peppermint pada mual muntah ibu hamil trimester I.

This research aimed to determining the suitability of iSpring Quiz Maker as an evaluation media in the Arabic Language and Literature pragmatics course at UIN Malang, understanding the response of students' interest in using iSpring Quiz Maker as an evaluation medium in the Arabic Language and Literature pragmatics course at UIN Malang, and knowing the effectiveness of using iSpring Quiz Maker as an evaluation medium in the Arabic Language and Literature pragmatics course at UIN Malang. The method used in this research is research and development (R & D) by applying the ADDIE model (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). The results of this research show: (1) iSpring Quiz Maker is declared very suitable for use as a medium for evaluating pragmatic courses based on the assessment of material expert validators and media expert validators; (2) Student responses are quite interested in using iSpring Quiz Maker as a medium for evaluating pragmatic courses; (3) iSpring Quiz Maker is effective as a pragmatic course evaluation medium because the percentage of the total number of students who get an exam score ≤ 50 is 26.3%, while the percentage of the total number of students who get an exam score > 50 is 73.7%.

This paper presents the stochastic analysis of finding the feasible trajectories of robotics arm motion at obstacle surrounding. Unknown variables are coefficients of polynomials joint angle so that the collision-free motion is achieved. ãk is matrix consisting of these unknown feasible polynomial coefficients. The pattern of feasible polynomial in the obstacle environment shows as random. This paper proposes to model the pattern of this randomness values using random polynomial with unknown variables as coefficients. The behavior of the system will be obtained from zero distribution as the characteristic of such random polynomial. Results show that the pattern of random polynomial of avoiding collision can be constructed from zero distribution. Zero distribution is like building block of the system with obstacles as uncertainty factor. By scale factor k, which has range, the random coefficient pattern can be predicted.

The aim of this quantitative-descriptive study was to assess the basic motor movements of elementary school students following their experience with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic period. The population and sample in this study were fourth grade students of State Elementary Schools in Bangkalan District, Madura Island, East Java, Indonesia, with a total of 98 students sampled. The instrument for measuring motor skills was the Motor Ability Test for Elementary School. Followed by data collection, statistical analysis of data was processed by the SPSS program. The result showed that in the total basic motor movement in the very high category with a total of 0%, the high category was 7%, the moderate category was 87%, the low category was 4%, and very low category by 2%. The basic motor movements of elementary school students in Bangkalan, following the online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, were categorized as moderate. Further studies are therefore needed to improve the basic motor movements of primary school children.

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a widely used analytical technique for non-destructive analysis of various materials including food fraud detection. However, the accurate calibration of NIRS data can be challenging due to the complexity of the underlying relationships between the spectral data and the target variables of interest. Ensemble learning, which combines multiple models to make predictions, has been shown to improve the accuracy and robustness of predictive models in various domains. This paper proposes stacking ensemble machine learning (SEML) for calibration of NIRS data with two levels of learning involved. Eight (8) spectroscopy datasets from public repository and previously published works by the authors are used as the case study. The model well generalized the data in the respective regression tasks with of at least »0.8 in the test samples and in the respective classification tasks with classification accuracy (CA) of at least »0.8 also. In addition, the proposed SEML can improve, or at least reach par with, the accuracy of individual base learners in both train and test samples for all cases of regression and classification datasets. It shows superior performance in test samples for both regression and classification datasets with respectively ranging from 0.86 to nearly 1 and CA ranging from 0.89 to 1. ABSTRAK: Spektroskopi inframerah dekat (NIRS) adalah teknik analitikal yang banyak digunakan bagi analisa pelbagai bahan tanpa merosakkan bahan termasuk ketika mengesan penipuan makanan. Walau bagaimanapun, kalibrasi yang tepat bagi data NIRS adalah sangat mencabar kerana hubungan antara data spektral dan pemboleh ubah sasaran yang ingin dikaji bersifat kompleks. Gabungan pembelajaran (Ensemble learning), iaitu gabungan pelbagai model bagi membuat prediksi, telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan ketepatan dan kecekapan model prediksi dalam pelbagai bentuk. Kajian ini mencadangkan Turutan Gabungan Pembelajaran Mesin (Stacking Ensemble Machine Learning ) (SEML), bagi teknik penentu ukuran data NIRS melibatkan dua tahap pembelajaran. Lapan (8) set data spektroskopi dari repositori awam dan kajian terdahulu oleh pengarang telah digunakan sebagai kes kajian. Model ini menggeneralisasi data dalam tugas regresi masing-masing sebanyak ?0.8 bagi sampel ujian dan pengelasan tugas masing-masing dengan ketepatan klasifikasi (CA) sekurang-kurangnya ?0.8. Tambahan, SEML yang dicadangkan ini dapat membantu, atau sekurang-kurangnya setanding dengan ketepatan individu dalam pembelajaran berkumpulan dalam kedua-dua sampel latihan dan ujian bagi semua kes set data regresi dan klasifikasi. Ia menunjukkan prestasi terbaik dalam sampel ujian bagi kedua-dua kumpulan set data regresi dan klasifikasi dengan masing-masing antara 0.86 hingga hampir 1 dan antara julat 0.89 hingga 1 bagi CA.

The purpose of this research was to find out the concrete form of Arabic speaking skills learning with the perspective of constructivism theory at Institut Agama Islam Al-Qodiri Jember (IAI Al-Qodiri Jember), how the class setting, the learning process, and the products produced by students after learning. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used observation and interviews. The data analysis used in this research is Miles and Huberman's data analysis theory, which includes: data collection, data simplification, data presentation, and conclusion. The results of this study concluded that: first, the class setting in Arabic speaking skills learning with the perspective of constructivism theory by the way the lecturer arranges the chairs in the class into groups. So, students can interact actively by practicing Arabic communication. Second, the process of learning Arabic speaking skill with a constructivist approach consists of three stages, namely planning, implementation, and evaluation, all of which focus on constructivist learning by paying attention to the principles contained therein. Third, the product produced by students in this lecture is a language conversation video as a concrete form of the construct results of students' thoughts about the Arabic conversation concepts they make. The process of learning Arabic speaking skills through the methods above can make students master 21st-century skills including creative thinking, communication, and collaboration.

Non catalytic transesterification in sub and supercritical methanol have been used to produce biodiesel from palm oil and soybean oil. A kinetic study was done under reaction condition with temperature and time control. The experiments were carried out in a batch type reactor at reaction temperatures from 210 °C (subcritical condition) to 290 °C (the supercritical state) in the interval ranges of temperature of 20 °C and at various molar ratios of oil to methanol. The rate constants of the reaction were determined by employing a simple method, with the overall chemical reaction followed the pseudo-first–order reaction. Based on the results, the rate constants of vegetables oil were significantly influenced by reaction temperature, which were gradually increased at subcritical temperature, but sharply increased in the supercritical state. However, the rate constants of soybean oil were slightly higher than that of palm oil. The activation energy for transesterification of soybean oil was 89.32 and 79.05 kJ/mole for palm oil. Meanwhile, the frequency factor values of both oils were 72462892 and 391210 min-1, respectively. The rate reaction for both of oil were expressed as -rTG = 72462892 exp(-89.32/RT)CTG for soybean oil and -rTG = 391210 exp(-79.05/RT)CTG for palm oil. © 2013 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)

The satellite attitude maneuver using thrusters is studied in this paper. The satellite consists of a rigid main body and two symmetrical solar panels that are so large that their flexibility cannot be neglected. The finite element method is used to discretize the elastic motion of the solar panels. The solar panels are modeled as a set of rectangular plate elements and only out-of-plane displacement is taken into account. The satellite is controlled by a thruster in its main body, while there are no other control inputs on the solar panels. For the attitude maneuver, the roll, pitch and yaw torques generated by the on-off thruster are used and here can produce two different constant amplitudes. Then two types of fuel-efficient input shaping are formulated and applied to perform satellite attitude correction. The first type of input LHHL is preceded by the use of a small amplitude torque followed by a large amplitude one, while the sequence of torque applied to the second type of input HLLH is the opposite of the first input. The two types of inputs are applied separately to the same satellite. They managed to dampen the residual vibrations after reaching the desired attitude, but in achieving this condition the solar panels experienced considerable deflection during the transient response. Due to this, the effectiveness of the shaped inputs for maneuvering the satellites at small structural deflections of the solar panels during their transient responses is compared. The simulation results show that the use of the LHHL input shaper can minimize the structural deflection that occurs in the transient response during the satellite attitude maneuvering process.

In this study, the utilization of an electric field generated by the high voltage discharge plasma over a liquid water surface containing glycine compound to synthesize titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles was demonstrated. The experiments were conducted in a batch-type system with applied voltages ranging from 18.6 − 23.4 kV under various pressurized gases at room temperature. The results indicated that the applied voltages, applied pulse numbers, and pulsed repetition rates had a significant influence on the decomposition reaction of glycine compounds and titanium rod electrode erosion. The ultraviolet − visible (UV − vis) spectra showed that titanium dioxide nanoparticles could be observed in each solution product, and most of them were brookite-type structures. According to the HRTEM images, TiC was also produced as a nanoparticle product. Based on the experimental results, this process is applicable and could result in advanced metal-based nanoparticle synthesis technology.

In this study, phytochemical compounds were extracted and encapsulated from medicinal plants such as M. oleifera, S. androgynus, and S. grandiflora using subcritical water and the electrospraying technique. The extraction was conducted at temperatures of 120 to 160 °C at various extraction pressures from 1 to 10 MPa in semi-batch systems with a 1.0 mL min−1 flow rate. Under these conditions, the starting materials, that is the medicinal plants, underwent thermal cleavage, allowing the removal of their components. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra of the solid residues indicated that phytochemical compounds were successfully extracted from these medicinal plants. The results revealed that the amounts of extracted phenolic compounds did not increase linearly with increasing extraction temperatures and pressures. The amounts of extracted phenolic compounds could approach 82.26 (140 °C, 5 MPa), 75.32 (160 °C, 5 MPa), and 78.91 (160 °C, 10 MPa) mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dried samples for M. oleifera, S. androgynus, and S. grandiflora, respectively. When the extracted phytochemical compounds were encapsulated with polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) via the electrospraying technique, the particle products seemed to exhibit spherical morphologies with diameters less than 1 μm, and the FT-IR spectra of these particle products showed that the medicinal plant extracts were successfully encapsulated by PVP through this technique.

Pain is always felt by the mother in the labor process. Pain is a physiological process of the body caused by uterine contractions. The pain felt by the mother ranged from mild to severe pain. Severe pain can result in neurogenic shock, so the labor process takes a long time. Therefore, this pain needs to be treated. Non-pharmacological pain therapy is an alternative to reduce labor pain. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of back massage (deep back massage) on the intensity of labor pain in the first stage. This study uses the Quasy Experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained 35 intrapartum mothers with the inclusion criteria: Mothers with term pregnancy (37-41 weeks), vaginal delivery in the first stage of the active phase, up to 10 cm, single fetus and mother can communicate verbally. Before doing back massage therapy, the mother was given a sheet. The study was carried out according to the procedure, namely giving a massage on the back for 20 minutes then the intensity of pain was measured by NRS (Numeric rating scale) post-test with a distance of 5-10 minutes after being given a back massage. The data after the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Wilcoxon test data analysis showed that before the back massage the mean was 6.23, while after the back massage the mean was 5.14. The results of the analysis show p-value = 0.000 (0.000). Conclusion: There is an effect of back massage on the intensity of maternal pain in the first stage of labor

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of using exercises based on higher-order thinking skills in teaching reading. The type of this research was quantitative using a pre-experimental design with one group pre-test post-test. The research samples were forty students from all students at the third level of Arabic Language Education Department at the State Islamic University of Tulungagung. Data analysis was carried out using the statistical program SPSS 22 with paired sample T-Test and N-Gain Score. The results of this study indicated the following: (1) the higher-order thinking skills applied in Arabic reading exercises included the analysis level, evaluation and creativity in the formats of multiple choice, essay, true and false, pairing, completion, and work questions; (2) The results showed that there was a difference between the results of the pre-test and post-test with a Sig (2-tailed) value of 0.00; T-count was lower than than T-table; and the N-Gain Score value was of 0.61. It indicated that the alternative hypothesis (H1) was accepted, and the exercise was at a moderately effective level. The finding of this research demonstrated that the exercises based on higher-order thinking skills were effective in improving students’ thinking skills in teaching Arabic reading.

The oil in the spent bleaching earth (SBE) matrix was successfully removed by applying the supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) extraction technique in a semi-continuous flow–type system. The SCCO2 extraction process was conducted at 40–80 °C and 20–30 MPa with extraction time of ∼180 min. The color of SBE matrix changes from the dark to dark-pale color after the SCCO2 extraction treatment exhibiting the substances including oil in the SBE matrix were successfully removed. The extracted oil yield was around 95% when the SCCO2 extraction process was performed at 40 °C and 30 MPa with 10% ethanol addition as a co–solvent. The GC analysis showed that the prominent fatty acid constituents in the extracted oil are palmitic and oleic acids, furthermore it can be fed as a feedstock to produce biodiesel fuel. Next, it can be proposed that SCCO2 extraction system is a viable way to extract oil from the SBE matrix.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis technique was employed as a medium to produce ceria−zirconia mixed oxides particles at temperatures of 200–300 °C and pressure of 10 MPa in a batch process. At these conditions, the average crystallite sizes of ceria−zirconia mixed oxides increased slightly with increasing reaction temperature when the feed solution containing ceria and zirconia with a ratio of 1:1 was fed. SEM images illustrated that the morphologies of the ceria−zirconia mixed oxides particles were spherical and spherical−like with a diameter of around 100 nm. The EDX spectrum indicated that the signal corresponding to the ceria and the zirconia elements at 5 and 2 keV, respectively, were strongly detected in the products. The XRD pattern revealed that the mixed metal oxides particle products that comprised of cerium and zirconium oxides particles with cubic and monoclinic structures, respectively, were affected by their molar content in the feed solution.