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Objective: To assess whether bleaching gel volume influences chromatic changes, hydrogen peroxide (HP) diffusion, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the pulp tissue., Methodology: A total of 60 bovine teeth were divided into four groups, according to bleaching gel volume (n=15): without gel (WG); V30 (30 µL of 35% HP); V60 (60 µL); and V120 (120 μL). HP diffusion analysis was performed in the first session (T1). Chromatic changes (ΔE, ΔE00, and WID) were assessed after the first (T1), second (T2), third (T3) sessions, and 15 d (T4) after the end of treatment. Moreover, 20 rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=10) and their upper first molars were treated with different gel volumes: control (no treatment); V2 (2 μL of 17.5% HP); V4 (4 μL); and V8 (8 μL). After 24 h, rats were euthanized and the specimens processed for histological and immunohistochemical (nitric oxide synthase) evaluation. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05)., Results: In vitro (bovine teeth), chromatic changes were not influenced by bleaching gel volume, showing similar values in all groups and sessions, except for the control group (p<0.05). The V120 group had the highest HP diffusion values (p<0.05). In vivo (pulp tissue), the V4 and V8 groups showed the highest inflammatory infiltrate in the pulp and significant oxidative stress (p<0.05)., Conclusion: The adverse effects on the dental pulp related to HP diffusion, pulp inflammation, and oxidative stress depend on bleaching gel volume, while the bleaching effect is not proportional to the volume used.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the influence of high-fat diet (HFD) and melatonin (MEL) treatment on the progression of inflammation and alveolar bone resorption (ABR) in rats with AP., Design: Forty male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: apical periodontitis (AP), HFDAP, APMEL and HFDAPMEL. The animals were fed an HFD or standard diet for 107 days. On the 7th day, the rats were subjected to AP, and after 70 days, the rats in the MEL groups were treated with MEL for 30 days. Post treatment, the animals were euthanized, and their jaws were retrieved for evaluation of bone resorption, intensity of the inflammatory response, and immunohistochemical analysis including tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α expression., Results: The APMEL group showed reduction in the inflammatory infiltrate and IL-1β expression relation to HFDAP, while the TNF-α levels did not differ among the groups. The HFDAP group showed an increase in the ABR. MEL reduced the TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups., Conclusions: while MEL could reduce TRAP levels in the APMEL and HFDAPMEL groups, the reduction in the HFDAPMEL group was smaller than that in the APMEL group, demonstrating that the interaction between AP and HFD decreased the anti-resorptive effects of MEL., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors report no conflicts of interest related to this study., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: To evaluate the influence of violet LED, associated or not with a 17.5% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel, on inflammation, mineralization in pulp tissue, and collagen fiber maturation in dentin and pulp tissue., Materials and Methods: The maxillary molars of eighty Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 10): CONT - without treatment; HP - 30 min application of 17.5% HP; LED - 20 min application of violet LED; and HP+LED - application of PH and violet LED. Rats were euthanized and jaws were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluation (IL-17, IL-23, and osteocalcin) and picrosirius red immediately after (T0), and at 7 (T1), 15 (T2), and 30 days (T3) post-treatment, with Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney, paired T-test, and T-test (α = 0.05)., Results: HP and HP+LED presented necrosis and severe inflammatory infiltrate. When compared to CONT group, LED presented severe osteocalcin (OCN) immunostaining in T2 and less immature fibers in T2 and T3., Conclusion: The violet LED caused no severe damage to the pulp tissue, increased IL-17 and IL-23 expression in T0 when associated with HP, and had no influence on pulp tissue mineralization, besides accelerating the maturation of collagen fibers of dentin., Clinical Relevance: Violet LED therapy induced no inflammation in the pulp tissue of rats and played no role in pulp tissue fibrosis, besides accelerating the maturation of dentin collagen fibers., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this paper, (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Background/aim: Anti-allergic drugs can inhibit the hard tissue resorption process, and due to similarities between root resorption and bone mechanisms, it can be inferred that these drugs may also control root resorption. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of anti-allergic drugs used systemically on the process of root resorption following delayed tooth replantation., Materials and Methods: Thirty-two maxillary right incisors of rats were extracted and subsequently replanted. Rats were divided into four groups according to the anti-allergic drug administered: the rats in groups DEX, Q, and MO were treated systemically with dexamethasone phosphate, quercetin, and montelukast, respectively, and no systemic medication was administered to rats in group C. After 60 days, the animals were euthanized, and the specimens were processed for histomorphometric and immunohistochemical analyses. Statistical significance was set at P < .05., Results: There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption, or presence of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. In terms of events occurring in the periodontal ligament space, there was a difference between groups Q and MO due to the presence of dental ankylosis and inflammatory connective tissue (P < .05). A difference in inflammatory cells was also observed through CD45 immunolabeling between the DEX and Q groups when compared to the C group (P < .05)., Conclusion: The systemic administration of anti-allergic drugs did not have an effect on the process of root resorption following delayed tooth replantation., (© 2019 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)