Search

The effectiveness of using essential oils against fish parasites and pathogenic bacteria as environmentally friendly phytotherapeutic agents in the aquaculture industry is demonstrated. A commercial additive composed of garlic essential oil, thymol and carvacrol (AROTEC-G®) was added to a diet for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) as a protection strategy against Sparicotyle chrysophrii. The intense aromatic properties of these essential oils might lead to the need of a suppression time to reverse possible changes in the organoleptic quality of the fish. Two experimental groups were set up: an experimental group fed a commercial feed supplemented with AROTEC-G® (diet A) during the first 4 weeks of the nutritional assay, and after which the treatment was suspended for 14, 21 and 28 days after a first sampling performed (day 0); and a control group, fed the same basal diet without AROTEC-G® supplementation (diet C). A physicochemical evaluation measured the pH, colour and texture, and a descriptive quantitative sensory analysis (QDA) was carried out using a trained panel for gilthead seabream fillets. Overall, the findings showed that the use of dietary essential oils did not result in significant sensory differences after day 0 of the study, although slight differences were observed in some of the physicochemical parameters analysed. info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion

Simple Summary Sustainability is a current issue that is gaining an important place in consumer choices. Natural and environment-friendly products are becoming more popular and widely accepted, so changes to production methods are needed. Local by-products offer a good way to close the circle on animal production. In this study, two by-products were used: Garlicon ST®, a supplement obtained from garlic and onion, which could improve the microbiota gut and the ingestion in pigs, and olive pulp from Mediterranean oil production, which could be a good source of nutrients for pigs. The impact of the use of both by-products on the quality of meat and fat of pigs was examined. Abstract A total of 70 male growing non-castrated pigs (Large White), with a 23.07 ± 2.87 kg average body weight (BW), were randomly allocated to three treatments in a 103 day trial: a CONTROL diet and two experimental diets, ALLIUM (5 g/kg of Allium spp. extract) and OLIVE (100 g/kg of olive pulp). Animals were slaughtered at 115 kg live body weight. Meat and fat quality were analyzed. Animals fed ALLIUM and OLIVE had higher water holding capacity (WHC) than those fed the control diet. No significant differences were observed between groups for cooking loss, drip losses and color CIELab. No antioxidant effect was observed on an oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) test. Animals fed OLIVE presented a more unsaturated fatty acid profile than CONTROL and ALLIUM. Meat from ALLIUM group and OLIVE showed her values of brightness and meat odor than CONTROL. Mean scores of sensory analyses (color, odor, flavor and juiciness) of cooked samples were similar for the three treatments, with the meat samples from the ALLIUM and OLIVE treatments being less hard. Consumers did not reflect a preference for any of the treatments. Both by-products could be used for pork production.

Simple Summary Chato Murciano pigs are a protected breed of great interest from a health point of view since their meat has a high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). However, this could lead to technological problems that could negatively affect the quality and shelf life of this meat. Therefore, the dietary supplementation with Rosmarinus officinalis L. extract could have an impact on the antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the Chato Murciano pork and thus control its deterioration. In the present study, rosemary extract was not effective in improving the pork quality packaged under modified atmosphere over storage time, but it delayed microbial growth without affecting the sensory profile. Thus, rosemary extract could be used to enhance the shelf-life of meat by controlling microbial spoilage. Abstract (1) Background: The effect of Rosmarinus officinalis L. dietary supplementation on the pork meat quality of the Chato Murciano breed of pigs was evaluated during 21 days of storage. (2) Methods: Twenty-one castrated male pigs were divided into two groups. One group was fed a control diet (group C), and the other group consumed the same diet plus a 1000 ppm supplement of deodorized rosemary extract (group R). (3) Results: While the inclusion of rosemary extract in the pig diet did not produce notable changes in the technological parameters analysed in the meat, the lower microbiological count obtained in meat pointed to the antimicrobial effect of the extract. The storage time had a significant effect on all the parameters studied in both groups (C and R). Thus, lipid oxidation increased and the colour of the meat deteriorated, at the same time as the microbial counts and the deterioration of the sensory attributes increased. (4) Conclusions: Therefore, a certain antimicrobial effect of rosemary was observed in the meat of Chato Murciano.

Carcass and meat quality parameters of two different weights of pigs from the rustic breed Chato Murciano (Murcia Region, south-eastern Spain) were studied: light weight (LW, 147.98 ± 3.78 kg live weight) and heavy weight (HW, 176.07 ± 4.78 kg live weight). No weight-dependent effects were observed on carcass quality (carcass yield, length, back fat thickness) or on moisture, pH, and the L* and a* coordinates. The HW group had a higher fat content and cholesterol values than the LW group. None of the fatty acids analysed in the respective meats showed differences between groups (P > .05), except C16:0, C18:2 and C18:3. The HW group had higher values for unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids and the n6/n3 index than LW, and lower values for saturated fat and the Saturated/Polyunsaturated fat ratio and a lower Atherogenesis Index. In conclusion, meat and fat quality are influenced by the final live weight of Chato Murciano pigs.

Simple Summary Introducing alternatives to surgical castration of pigs bring welfare and economical benefits, but also reveal several quality-related issues. Most important is the presence of boar taint, but also includes low quantity and quality of fat, meat texture and color deviations in addition to inferior water binding properties, most of them negatively influencing meat product characteristics. The present paper highlights the important differences between the conventionally used surgical castrates and the most likely introduced alternatives: entire males and immunocastrates. Based on the review of the available research, the possible reasons for quality alterations are elaborated according to the type of meat product and recommendations for improving product quality or preventing boar taint perception are given. Abstract Due to the strong public initiative in Europe and increased regulator focus to mitigate pain, surgical castration of pigs is being gradually abandoned, while the importance of other sex categories like entire males (EM) and immunocastrates (IC) increases. Although beneficial for animal welfare and economics, their use also brings forward several quality problems. Besides the occurrence of boar taint in EM, these include excessive carcass leanness, softer fat, meat color and pH deviations, inferior water holding capacity and increased meat toughness. In this paper, the raw material differences between the male sex categories and their influence on product quality are reviewed, and possible solutions are presented. Using EM for dried or thermally processed products may result in lower processing yields and inferior sensory quality, which may partially be prevented by applying specific processing adaptations. Immunocastration is a viable solution, especially when prolonging the vaccination to slaughter interval. Low to medium levels of boar taint can be effectively managed in most of the meat products, applying procedures like cooking, microbial inoculation or masking (by spices and especially smoking), while highly tainted material can be valorized only by combining various methods and/or with dilution of the tainted meat.

Surgical castration of piglets without pain relief is still common practice in many countries. Possible alternatives for surgical castration are application of pain relief or anaesthesia or production of boars (entire males) and immunocastrates. Each of these alternatives faces advantages and disadvantages which may result in different citizen attitudes and consumers acceptability. Understanding which practice is acceptable to whom and why may further stimulate implementation. Consumer (n = 3251) and stakeholder (n = 1027) attitudes towards surgical castration without pain relief, surgical castration with anaesthesia, immunocastration, and production of boars were surveyed from April to June 2020 via an online questionnaire in 16 countries (&gt, 175 respondents per country). Surgical castration without pain relief was separated from each of the alternatives due to animal welfare and showed the lowest acceptability (32%). Within the alternatives, a further partitioning between the alternatives was based on perceived quality and food safety, with an acceptance of 85% for applying anaesthesia, 71% for immunocastration, and 49% for boar production. Differences depending on professional involvement and familiarity with agriculture could be observed, mainly for the acceptance of surgical castration without anaesthesia, immunocastration, and boars. Castration with anaesthesia was highly accepted by all types of respondents.

Spiced edible gels and films were produced as part of a future technological strategy to improve the quality of pork from entire male by contributing to a decrease in boar taint and improving the texture of the meat. Each formulation, two types of hydrocolloids and two spice mixtures, were tested for their high masking power (mixtures 1 and 2). The thermoreversible hydrocolloids carrageenans (g-C) and agar-agar (g-A) were used in the production of the gels, and maltodextrin + sodium alginate (f-MA) and gelatin (f-G) for the films. The results showed that the films and gels edible had good physical-chemical and mechanical characteristics, providing sufficient stability to act as a vehicle to incorporate spices and condiments into entire male pork, being mixture 2 provided the highest values. While the use of hydrocolloids in the films improved the texture of the meat.

Consumers highly sensitive to androstenone Maria (AND) will probably reject meat from entire male pigs, which tends to have high levels of this hormone. To avoid this, the effect of different masking strategies (sprinkling with mixed spices or fennel, marinating and breading with garlic-parsley or curry) on the sensory parameters of pork loin chops obtained from entire animals with high levels of AND (1.0-2.9 mg kg-1 AND in fat) and castrated animals (

The surgical castration of male piglets has traditionally been practised to prevent the development of boar taint in pork meat, but European rules aim to end this practice on a voluntary basis. This study represents a sensory characterization of the meat and meat products from entire male pigs. Three levels of androstenone concentration in fat were compared: low, 0–0.3 mg kg − 1 ; medium, 0.4–0.9 μg kg − 1 and high, 1–2.75 μg kg − 1 . The use of meat from entire males in meat products lowered the perception of boar taint compared with fresh meat but was insufficient to totally mask it. Androstenone levels seem to influence the intramuscular fat content and hence, on texture. The perception of boar taint in meat products depends on androstenone concentration as well as on the characteristics of the product. It is necessary to develop additional strategies to totally mask androstenone perception in meat and meat products.

This study represents a proposal for training sensory panels in androstenone (AND) perception in meat and meat products. The procedure consists of four main parts: (1) selection and training of a sensory panel (11 panelists) using standards with Vaseline oil media as carriers of AND and skatole (SKA); (2) developing a training method AND detection in meat; (3) dry cured meat product and (4) cooked meat product. All candidates were able to distinguish between AND, SKA and AND+SKA in Vaseline oil, order AND solutions with different concentrations and classify them in the three categories: low, medium and high. The panel was able to differentiate the meat in the three categories, but only the high level in meat products. Due to the individual features in AND perception, specific training for each type of product is required.

The use of smoking and/or spices was evaluated for their ability to mask boar taint in frankfurters manufactured from entire pigs with high levels of androstenone. Five frankfurter types were considered: control, smoked, flavouring+smoked, spicy and spicy+smoked. A trained panel in androstenone perception carried out a sensory profile on the different sausages. The highest scores for androstenone perception (odour, flavour and aftertaste) were found in frankfurters that included no masking strategy which indicated the effectiveness of the evaluated strategies. Regarding masking strategies, the contribution of spices and smoking to sensory perception of frankfurters was detected by the panellists. Smoking was the best strategy to mask androstenone odour, while the use of spices masked androstenone odour to a greater extent than androstenone flavour. Only the combined use of spices and smoking was able to eliminate the perception of androstenone. The application of this strategy in frankfurters could be an alternative in the commercialization of entire pigs.

Ninety (45 castrated males and 45 gilts) Iberian × Duroc pigs were used in this study. During the finishing period (95-160 kg body weight, 74 days) animals received conventional feed (control G0) or the same feed plus 5% (G5) or 10% (G10) of crude glycerine to partially replace wheat. In general, neither the diet nor gender affected ultrasound, carcass or meat quality parameters. The G10 had lower values of cooking loss and a* than the G5 and G0 groups. The fatty acids, C10:0, C12:0 and C18:3, in intramuscular fat were lower in both glycerine groups. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and 18:2 decreased and C20:0 increased at the subcutaneous fat of G10 animals. Castrated males produced carcasses with higher backfat thickness and fat content. Castrated males had a higher SFA content in subcutaneous fat than females (P

Glycerol is a by-product from biodiesel production. This molecule is a carbohydrate precursor, thus it maintains the pH of beef at below 5.8 after slaughter, contributing to the prevention of Dry Firm Dark (DFD) meat. Furthermore, glycerol osmotic properties could contribute to alleviating the effects of some stress situations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of administering crude glycerol (2 g kg−1 body weight; via nasogastric tube or in drinking water) 24 h prior to the slaughter of young bulls, on plasma parameters, liver glycogen levels, carcass (body weight, dressing percentage, carcass weight and length), and beef quality (proximal composition, pH, colour, water holding capacity (WHC), drip loss, cooking loss, and sensory attributes). In general, the plasma parameters and liver glycogen were not affected by glycerol administration (P>0.05). Transport had a significant effect on total protein, albumin, glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, and lactate plasma levels. Carcass parameters, proximal composition, pH, colour and sensory attributes were not affected (P>0.05) by glycerol treatment but WHC was (P

The aim was to study the effect of the incubation method and TBA reagent (concentration/solvent) on yellow pigment interference in meat products. Distillates from red sausage, sucrose, malondialdehyde and a mixture of sucrose–malondialdehyde were reacted with four different TBA solutions at five different temperature/time relations. Two TBA solutions were prepared at 20 mM using 90% glacial acetic acid or 3.86% perchloric acid. In addition, an 80 mM TBA solution was prepared using distilled water adjusted to pH 4 and another using 0.8% TBA in distilled water. The temperature/time relations were: ( 1 ) 35 min in a boiling water bath; ( 2 ) 70 °C/30 min; ( 3 ) 40 °C/90 min; ( 4 ) room temperature (r.t.) (24 °C) in dark conditions for 20 h; and ( 5 ) 60 min in a boiling water bath. The results showed that aqueous or diluted acid solutions of TBA reagent and the application of 100 °C for less than 1 h provided the best conditions to minimize the presence of yellow pigments and maximize pink pigment formation in meat products.

Three hundred and six Limousin young bulls (7 ± 1 months of age, initial body weight 273 ± 43 kg) were used to evaluate the effect of crude glycerine supplementation on animal performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. Animals were assigned to three different diets: Control (0% of crude glycerine), G2 and G4 (2 and 4% of crude glycerine, respectively). The diets were administrated ad libitum for 240 days (final body weight 644 ± 24 kg). Average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, the gain:feed ratio, ultrasound measures in vivo, carcass characteristics, pH, water holding capacity, drip losses, and cooking losses were not affected (P > 0.05) by diets. Diet decreased C16:0 (P

The aim of this study was to evaluate the perception of androstenone in pork from entire male pigs with different androstenone levels (High ≥ 2 mg kg − 1 ; Medium 0.5–0.7 mg kg − 1 ) applying four different heating methods (vacuum, grill, oven and frying). Androstenone (AND) perception was analysed during and after cooking by a trained panel. During cooking, the highest score for AND odour (greatest perception) was obtained with the grill and vacuum, while frying was the best option for reducing its perception, which was judged to be imperceptible for androstenone medium level (P The samples treated by vacuum and frying had a proper texture profile. However the frying method provided the lowest score in AND perception, making it the best option for reducing both AND odour and flavour. In short, the use of different heating methods strongly affected AND perception.

Boar taint is an unpleasant odour and flavour present in some entire male pigs that is due to the presence of androstenone and skatole. The aim of the study was to assess the sensitivity of 150 consumers to androstenone and to compare the acceptability and liking of meat from castrated and entire pigs, cooked with different cooking methods. Meat samples consisted of loins from castrated (CM) and entire male pigs (EM) with high levels of androstenone cooked by two cooking methods: sous-vide and fried/breaded with garlic and parsley. Consumers evaluated smell and flavour acceptability, and overall liking of CM and EM for each cooking method. The results of the study showed that dislike of androstenone odour increased significantly with sensitivity. The results of acceptability and overall liking were similar in CM and EM for both cooking methods. Therefore, the two cooking methods used in the study may be useful to mask boar taint. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. INIA RTA2011‐00027‐CO2‐01

Consumers highly sensitive to androstenone María (AND) will probably reject meat from entire male pigs, which tends to have high levels of this hormone. To avoid this, the effect of different masking strategies (sprinkling with mixed spices or fennel, marinating and breading with garlic-parsley or curry) on the sensory parameters of pork loin chops obtained from entire animals with high levels of AND (1.0-2.9 mg kgThe garlic-parsley breadcrumbs led to the highest reduction in the perception of AND compared with the other masking strategies used, and preserved the juiciness of the product. There was a negative correlation between AND and fat content.AND odor and flavor can be reduced in meat from entire male pigs by using suitable strategies, the best strategy being the garlic-parsley breadcrumbs. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.