590 results on '"Macaden, A"'
Search Results
2. Training novice users to assess stroke aetiology in remote settings using transcranial ultrasound: Pilot study
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Antipova, Daria, Eadie, Leila, MacAden, Ashish Stephen, and Wilson, Philip
- Published
- 2021
3. The Burden of Managing Medicines for Older People With Sensory Impairment: An Ethnographic-Informed Study
- Author
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Peter Fuzesi PhD, Kirsten Broadfoot PhD, Marilyn Lennon PhD, Sabrina Anne Jacob PhD, Leah Macaden PhD, Annetta Smith PhD, Tomas Welsh PhD, and Margaret C. Watson PhD
- Subjects
Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Background: Older age is associated with increased prevalence of sensory impairment and use of medicines. Objectives: To explore the daily “medicine journey” of older people with sensory impairment. Methods: The study used ethnographic-informed methods (using audio-, photo- and video-recordings, diary notes and semi-structured interviews with researchers) and involved community-dwelling adults (aged > 65) in Scotland, with visual and/or hearing impairment and using >4 medicines. Data analysis used the constant comparative method. Results: Fourteen older people with sensory impairment participated and used a mean of 11.0 (SD 5.0) medicines (range 5–22). Participants reported difficulties with medicine ordering, obtaining, storage, administration and disposal. They used elaborate strategies to manage their medicines including bespoke storage systems, fixed routines, simple aids, communication, and assistive technologies. Conclusion: Older people with sensory impairment experience substantial burden, challenges and risk with medicines management. Tailored medicine regimens and assistive technologies could provide greater support to older people with sensory impairment.
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- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Experience-based Modifications of the Bed Band ReAlised through Co-dEsign (EMBRACE)
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Michelle Beattie, Fiona Ross, Leah Macaden, Kevin Muirhead, and Roma Gibb
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Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background Upper body limitations are a common disability in neurological conditions including stroke and multiple sclerosis. Care of patients with upper body limitations while in bed involves positioning techniques to maximise comfort and independence. The Bed Band is a nurse-led innovation to support people with limited mobility to maintain a comfortable position in bed, thereby promoting comfort and independence with activities of daily living.Aim To co-design and implement adaptations to the Bed Band prototype with recommendations for user instructions towards enhanced product design and future development.Methods A co-design approach involving collaboration between academic and industry partners. Expert stakeholders provided feedback on the Bed Band via an online focus group before healthy volunteers tested the product in a healthcare simulation suite. Data were thematically analysed and findings sense checked by expert stakeholders who then prioritised adaptations to the Bed Band using a modified Delphi technique.Results Three themes resulted from the analysis: (1) reaction to the Bed Band; (2) potential risks and mitigation; and (3) product adaptations. Simplicity was a strength of the innovation which easily enabled positional support. Adaptations to the Bed Band informed the development of an enhanced prototype for testing in future studies.Conclusion Co-design of the Bed Band prototype involving experts and healthy volunteers enabled early identification of potential risks with recommendations to mitigate them and priority adaptations. Further studies are required in hospital patients and community populations with upper mobility issues to determine the efficacy of the Bed Band and optimal duration of use.
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- 2024
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5. Exploring barriers to care home research recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic: The influence of social media recruitment posts and public sentiment.
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Mariyana Schoultz, Claire Mcgrogan, Clare Carolan, Leah Macaden, and Michelle Beattie
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
IntroductionRecruitment of care home staff to research studies is recognised as challenging. This was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated negative media portrayal of care home workers. Social media use has surged since the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, offering a plausible approach to understanding the barriers to care home research recruitment and gaining insight into public perceptions of care home workers.AimTo utilise comments from two Facebook recruitment posts to: 1) gain an understanding of potential barriers to recruitment of healthcare workers (HCWs) in UK care homes, and 2) explore public sentiment towards care home research and care homes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis cross-sectional study analysed comments from two Facebook posts (available June-October 2021) advertising a separate study on psychological support for care staff during the pandemic. This study was situated within a larger investigation into the mental health and wellbeing of care home staff and employed both qualitative analysis and quantitative methods (word count and correlations between words used and between posts).ResultsThree themes were identified from the qualitative analysis: support, mistrust and blame. There was a greater use of words associated with support and negative emotive words in post 2. Post 2 comments featured significantly more choice words and first-person singular pronouns than post 1 which indicated a resentful sentiment from those who advocate freedom of choice and control. Discussion of mistrust towards researchers was most prominent in post 1 indicating the importance of relationship building between researchers and HCWs in UK care homes. With attribution to blame, there was a larger range of negative emotion words than positive emotion words.Discussion and conclusionTaken together our findings offer novel insights into why recruitment to care home research during the pandemic including the use of social media might be problematic. Social media is a useful tool for recruitment but should not be considered as a one-time input. Researchers should pro-actively engage with the study population from the start using co-design with resident and public groups to support recruitment and ensure these populations are accurately represented within research.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
6. Care home workers experiences of stress and coping during COVID‐19 pandemic: A mixed methods study
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Michelle Beattie, Clare Carolan, Leah Macaden, Alison Maciver, Lindsay Dingwall, Rebecah Macgilleeathain, and Mariyana Schoultz
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coping ,nursing homes ,stress ,workforce issues ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Aim The aim of the study was to explore the stress and coping experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) in care home settings in Scotland during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Design A cross‐sectional mixed methods study was conducted using an online survey and interviews. Methods Mean scores were calculated for both stress and coping and t‐tests used to explore possible links to demographics. Qualitative data were analysed thematically using Braun and Clarke's method. Results For 52 survey participants, the mean score for the PSS was M = 39.75 and CSE‐M = 150.6 indicating high stress and medium coping skills. From the t‐test, only absence of health issues was associated with higher levels of coping. Thirteen HCWs participated in one‐to‐one interviews. Qualitative data analysis generated four themes contributing to stress: 1. personal factors, 2. changed care environment, 3. amplified scrutiny and 4. psychological responses. Coping was represented as three main themes: 1. personal factors, 2. organizational culture and 3. safety and security. There is a critical need for a strategic approach to provide psychological support to care home staff both during and beyond the context of the pandemic.
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- 2023
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7. Dementia Education for Workforce Excellence: Evaluation of a Novel Bichronous Approach
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Leah Macaden and Kevin Muirhead
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dementia education ,blended learning ,online learning ,bichronous learning ,mixed methods ,evaluation ,Medicine - Abstract
Dementia education and training for workforce development is becoming increasingly important in bridging knowledge gaps among health and social care practitioners in the UK and internationally. Dementia Education for Workforce Excellence (DEWE) was developed during the COVID-19 pandemic, blending both synchronous and asynchronous instruction and delivered across three different contexts: care homes, home care, and nurse education within the UK and India. This study aimed to evaluate DEWE using mixed methods with online survey data analyzed descriptively and interview data analyzed thematically. Integration of survey and interview data aimed toward a comprehensive evaluation of this novel approach for dementia workforce development. Thirty-four social care practitioners and nurse educators completed the online survey demonstrating high-level learner satisfaction, learning gains, behavioral change, and motivation to share new knowledge. Four key themes developed from the analysis of interviews (n = 9) around participants’ pursuit of new knowledge; delivery modes in DEWE; learning gains and impact of DEWE; and adaptations for future program implementation. Findings suggest DEWE is an innovative resource that promotes person- and relationship-centered dementia care across all stages of one’s dementia journey. Cultural adaptations are recommended for international delivery to ensure contextual alignment and maximum impact.
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- 2024
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8. Is Spasticity in Acquired Brain Injury a Sensory Problem?
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Ashish Stephen MacAden
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afferents ,brain injury ,presynaptic inhibition ,sensory ,spasticity ,Medicine - Abstract
There is clinical and physiological evidence that presynaptic inhibition and sensory afferent pathways have an effect on what is considered a primarily upper motor neurone problem. This could redefine spasticity and the need to refocus assessment and management of spasticity is proposed with an emphasis on functional assessment and treatments which modulate sensory afferent thresholds in order to improve the precision of skilled movements.
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- 2023
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9. Raising awareness of sensory impairment among community nurses: A brief intervention in a remote island setting
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Smith, Annetta, Shepherd, Ashley, Macaden, Leah, and Macleod, Karen L
- Published
- 2018
10. Assistive technologies and strategies to support the medication management of individuals with hearing and/or visual impairment: A scoping review
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Cooper, Lesley, Fuzesi, Peter, Jacob, Sabrina Anne, Kamalakannan, Sureshkumar, Lennon, Marilyn, Macaden, Leah, Smith, Annetta, Welsh, Tomas, Broadfoot, Kirsten, and Watson, Margaret C.
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- 2023
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11. Psychological first aid for workers in care and nursing homes: systematic review
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Schoultz, Mariyana, McGrogan, Claire, Beattie, Michelle, Macaden, Leah, Carolan, Clare, Polson, Rob, and Dickens, Geoffrey
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- 2022
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12. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education: a systematic review and mixed research synthesis
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Muirhead, Kevin, Macaden, Leah, Smyth, Keith, Chandler, Colin, Clarke, Charlotte, Polson, Rob, and O’Malley, Chris
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- 2022
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13. Psychological first aid for workers in care and nursing homes: systematic review
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Mariyana Schoultz, Claire McGrogan, Michelle Beattie, Leah Macaden, Clare Carolan, Rob Polson, and Geoffrey Dickens
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Psychological first aid ,PFA ,Care homes ,Nursing homes ,Systematic review ,COVID-19 ,Nursing ,RT1-120 - Abstract
Abstract Background The Covid-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented challenges across all aspects of health and social care sectors globally. Nurses and healthcare workers in care homes have been particularly impacted due to rapid and dramatic changes to their job roles, workloads, and working environments, and residents’ multimorbidity. Developed by the World Health Organisation, Psychological First Aid (PFA) is a brief training course delivering social, emotional, supportive, and pragmatic support that can reduce the initial distress after disaster and foster future adaptive functioning. Objectives This review aimed to synthesise findings from studies exploring the usefulness of PFA for the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff. Methods A systematic search was conducted across 15 databases (Social Care Online, Kings Fund Library, Prospero, Dynamed, BMJ Best Practice, SIGN, NICE, Ovid, Proquest, Campbell Library, Clinical Trials, Web of Knowledge, Scopus, Ebsco CINAHL, and Cochrane Library), identifying peer-reviewed articles published in English language from database inception to 20th June 2021. Results Of the 1,159 articles screened, 1,146 were excluded at title and abstract; the remaining 13 articles were screened at full text, all of which were then excluded. Conclusion This review highlights that empirical evidence of the impact of PFA on the well-being of nursing and residential care home staff is absent. PFA has likely been recommended to healthcare staff during the Covid-19 pandemic. The lack of evidence found here reinforces the urgent need to conduct studies which evaluates the outcomes of PFA particularly in the care home staff population.
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- 2022
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14. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education: a systematic review and mixed research synthesis
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Kevin Muirhead, Leah Macaden, Keith Smyth, Colin Chandler, Charlotte Clarke, Rob Polson, and Chris O’Malley
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Dementia ,Dementia education ,Dementia training ,Technology-enabled learning ,Mixed research ,Systematic review ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Dementia education is required to address gaps in dementia-specific knowledge among health and social care practitioners amidst increasing dementia prevalence. Harnessing technology for dementia education may remove obstacles to traditional education and empower large communities of learners. This systematic review aimed to establish the technological and pedagogical characteristics associated with effective technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners. Methods MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycINFO, ERIC and OVID Nursing Database were searched from January 2005 until February 2020. Quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods studies were eligible for inclusion. Study quality was assessed with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Quantitative evidence was categorised based on Kirkpatrick’s Model. Qualitative data was synthesised thematically and integrated with quantitative findings before conclusions were drawn. Results Twenty-one published papers were identified. Participants were acute, primary and long-term care practitioners, or were students in higher education. Most training was internet-based; CD-ROMs, simulations and tele-mentoring were also described. Technology-enabled dementia education was predominantly associated with positive effects on learning outcomes. Case-based instruction was the most frequently described instructional strategy and videos were common modes of information delivery. Qualitative themes emerged as existing strengths and experience; knowledge gaps and uncertainty; developing core competence and expertise; involving relevant others; and optimising feasibility. Discussion Technology-enabled dementia education is likely to improve dementia knowledge, skills and attitudes among health and social care practitioners from multiple practice contexts. Confidence in the results from quantitative studies was undermined by multiple confounding factors that may be difficult to control in the educational research context. Convenience and flexibility are key benefits of technology-enabled instructive and simulated pedagogy that can support the application of theory into practice. More research is required to understand the role of online learning networks and provisions for equitable engagement. A future emphasis on organisational and environmental factors may elucidate the role of technology in ameliorating obstacles to traditional dementia education. Systematic review registration PROSPERO ( CRD42018115378 )
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- 2022
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15. Dementia Education for Workforce Excellence: Evaluation of a Novel Bichronous Approach
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Macaden, Leah, primary and Muirhead, Kevin, additional
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- 2024
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16. Experience-based Modifications of the Bed Band ReAlised through Co-dEsign (EMBRACE)
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Beattie, Michelle, primary, Muirhead, Kevin, additional, Gibb, Roma, additional, Ross, Fiona, additional, and Macaden, Leah, additional
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- 2024
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17. The SIPA2 Study: Exploring the Pharmaceutical Care Needs of Older People with Sensory Impairment (Opwsi)
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Watson, Margaret, primary, Lennon, Marilyn, additional, Macaden, Leah, additional, Smith, Annetta, additional, Jacob, Sabrina, additional, Welsh, Tom, additional, Fuzesi, Peter, additional, Nicol, Emma, additional, Broadfoot, Kirsten, additional, Cooper, Lesley, additional, and Kamalakannan, Suresh, additional
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- 2024
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18. Establishing the effectiveness of technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: a systematic review
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Kevin Muirhead, Leah Macaden, Keith Smyth, Colin Chandler, Charlotte Clarke, Rob Polson, and Chris O’Malley
- Subjects
Dementia ,Dementia education ,Dementia training ,Technology-enabled learning ,Systematic review ,Effectiveness ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Dementia prevalence is increasing globally and yet evidence suggest that gaps exist in dementia-specific knowledge among health and social care practitioners. Technological modes of educational delivery may be as effective as traditional education and can provide practitioners with increased accessibility to dementia training. Benefits of digitally based dementia education have been established including pedagogical strategies that influence dementia knowledge and care attitudes. This review aimed to appraise and synthesise contemporary experimental evidence that evaluated technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners. Outcomes based on Kirkpatrick’s Model were learner satisfaction; knowledge, skills, and attitudes; behaviours; and results. Methods MEDLINE, CINAHL, and Web of Science were among 8 bibliographic databases searched from January 2005 until February 2020. Keywords included dementia and education (and terms for technological modes of education, learning, or training). We included experimental and quasi-experimental studies. Medical Education Research Study Quality Instrument established the overall quality of included studies and pragmatic application of Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool established individual study quality and highlighted methodological features of educational research. Narrative synthesis was conducted as heterogeneous outcome data precluded meta-analysis. Results We identified 21 relevant studies: 16 evaluated online dementia education and 5 evaluated computer-based approaches. Most studies used before-after designs and study quality was moderate overall. Most studies reported knowledge-based outcomes with statistically significant findings favouring the training interventions. Positive effects were also observed in studies measuring skills and attitudinal change. Fewer studies reported significant findings for behavioural change and results due to training. Case-based instruction was a frequently described instructional strategy in online dementia education and videos were common information delivery modes. CD-ROM training and simulation activities were described in computer-based dementia education. Discussion Future emphasis must be placed on teaching and learning methods within technology-enabled dementia education which should be role relevant and incorporate active and interactive learning strategies. Future evaluations will require contextually relevant research methodologies with capacity to address challenges presented by these complex educational programmes and multi-component characteristics. Systematic review registration This systematic review is based on a protocol registered with PROSPERO ( CRD42018115378 ).
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- 2021
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19. Relationship-centred CogniCare: an academic–digital–dementia care experts interface
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Macaden, Leah, Muirhead, Kevin, Melchiorre, Giulia, Mantle, Ruth, Ditta, Geraldine, and Giangreco, Adam
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- 2021
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20. Exploring barriers to care home research recruitment during the COVID-19 pandemic: The influence of social media recruitment posts and public sentiment.
- Author
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Schoultz, Mariyana, Mcgrogan, Claire, Carolan, Clare, Macaden, Leah, and Beattie, Michelle
- Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic ,PUBLIC opinion ,MENTAL health services ,HEALTH services accessibility ,MASS media influence ,SOCIAL media ,NURSING home residents - Abstract
Introduction: Recruitment of care home staff to research studies is recognised as challenging. This was further exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated negative media portrayal of care home workers. Social media use has surged since the onset of COVID-19 lockdowns, offering a plausible approach to understanding the barriers to care home research recruitment and gaining insight into public perceptions of care home workers. Aim: To utilise comments from two Facebook recruitment posts to: 1) gain an understanding of potential barriers to recruitment of healthcare workers (HCWs) in UK care homes, and 2) explore public sentiment towards care home research and care homes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This cross-sectional study analysed comments from two Facebook posts (available June-October 2021) advertising a separate study on psychological support for care staff during the pandemic. This study was situated within a larger investigation into the mental health and wellbeing of care home staff and employed both qualitative analysis and quantitative methods (word count and correlations between words used and between posts). Results: Three themes were identified from the qualitative analysis: support, mistrust and blame. There was a greater use of words associated with support and negative emotive words in post 2. Post 2 comments featured significantly more choice words and first-person singular pronouns than post 1 which indicated a resentful sentiment from those who advocate freedom of choice and control. Discussion of mistrust towards researchers was most prominent in post 1 indicating the importance of relationship building between researchers and HCWs in UK care homes. With attribution to blame, there was a larger range of negative emotion words than positive emotion words. Discussion and conclusion: Taken together our findings offer novel insights into why recruitment to care home research during the pandemic including the use of social media might be problematic. Social media is a useful tool for recruitment but should not be considered as a one-time input. Researchers should pro-actively engage with the study population from the start using co-design with resident and public groups to support recruitment and ensure these populations are accurately represented within research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. The Burden of Managing Medicines for Older People With Sensory Impairment: An Ethnographic-Informed Study.
- Author
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Fuzesi, Peter, Broadfoot, Kirsten, Lennon, Marilyn, Jacob, Sabrina Anne, Macaden, Leah, Smith, Annetta, Welsh, Tomas, and Watson, Margaret C.
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OLDER people ,ASSISTIVE technology ,COMPARATIVE method ,HEARING disorders ,SEMI-structured interviews - Abstract
Background: Older age is associated with increased prevalence of sensory impairment and use of medicines. Objectives: To explore the daily "medicine journey" of older people with sensory impairment. Methods: The study used ethnographic-informed methods (using audio-, photo- and video-recordings, diary notes and semi-structured interviews with researchers) and involved community-dwelling adults (aged > 65) in Scotland, with visual and/or hearing impairment and using >4 medicines. Data analysis used the constant comparative method. Results: Fourteen older people with sensory impairment participated and used a mean of 11.0 (SD 5.0) medicines (range 5–22). Participants reported difficulties with medicine ordering, obtaining, storage, administration and disposal. They used elaborate strategies to manage their medicines including bespoke storage systems, fixed routines, simple aids, communication, and assistive technologies. Conclusion: Older people with sensory impairment experience substantial burden, challenges and risk with medicines management. Tailored medicine regimens and assistive technologies could provide greater support to older people with sensory impairment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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22. Uptake and effects of psychological first aid training for healthcare workers' wellbeing in nursing homes: A UK national survey.
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Mariyana Schoultz, Claire McGrogan, Michelle Beattie, Leah Macaden, Clare Carolan, and Geoffrey L Dickens
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
AimsPsychological First Aid is a brief intervention based on international guidance from the World Health Organisation. Free to access online training in the intervention was introduced during the COVID-19 pandemic in UK. We aimed to determine the uptake of Psychological First Aid training among healthcare workers in care homes in the UK and to assess its effects on their wellbeing.DesignThis was a sequential mixed methods design.MethodsHealthcare workers (nurses and carers) working in care homes in the UK were surveyed about their uptake of Psychological First Aid, their stress, coping efficacy and the key concepts of Psychological First Aid (safety, calmness, hopefulness, connectedness, and accomplishment). Those that completed the Psychological First Aid training were asked to share their experiences via qualitative survey. Data collection was conducted between June and October 2021. Analyses included descriptive statistics and regression analysis. A six step thematic analysis was used to interpret the qualitative data.Results388 participants responded to the survey. The uptake of Psychological First Aid training was 37 (9.5%). Psychological first aid was a significant predictor for coping efficacy (β = 17.54, p = .001). Participants with a physical or mental health condition experienced higher stress and lower coping regardless of PFA training. Four themes were identified from the qualitative analysis: self-awareness and growth, relationships with others, overcoming stress and accessibility.ConclusionWhile this study suggests some benefits to healthcare workers in care home settings undergoing PFA the poor uptake of the training warrants further investigation.ImpactCare home staff need psychological support. This gap remains as few completed PFA training. This is the first study in UK and worldwide to look at the effects of psychological first aid on stress and coping in this population and it warrants further investigation.
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- 2022
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23. Establishing the effectiveness of technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: a systematic review
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Muirhead, Kevin, Macaden, Leah, Smyth, Keith, Chandler, Colin, Clarke, Charlotte, Polson, Rob, and O’Malley, Chris
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- 2021
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24. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: protocol for a mixed studies systematic review
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Kevin Muirhead, Leah Macaden, Charlotte Clarke, Keith Smyth, Rob Polson, and Chris O’Malley
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Dementia ,Dementia education ,Technology-enabled learning ,Systematic review ,Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background The global prevalence of people living with dementia is expected to increase exponentially and yet evidence suggests gaps in dementia-specific knowledge amongst practitioners. Evidence-based learning approaches can support educators and learners who are transitioning into new educational paradigms resulting from technological advances. Technology-enabled learning is increasingly being used in health care education and may be a feasible approach to dementia education. Methods This protocol aims to describe the methodological and analytical approaches for undertaking a systematic review of the current evidence based on technology-enabled approaches to dementia education for health and social care practitioners. The design and methodology were informed by guidelines from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols. Discussion The evidence generated from a systematic review of the current evidence is intended to inform the design and implementation of technology-enabled dementia education programmes and to advance the current academic literature at a time of unprecedented demographic and technological transition. Trial registration PROSPERO, CRD42018115378.
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- 2019
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25. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial
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Baigent, Colin, Lasserson, Daniel, Sullivan, Frank, Carrie, Johanna, Rojas, Javier, Amoils, Shannon, Bamford, John, Armitage, Jane, Rinkel, Gabriel, Lowe, Gordon, Emberson, Jonathan, Innes, Karen, Dinsmore, Lynn, Drever, Jonathan, Williams, Carol, Perry, David, McGill, Connor, Buchanan, David, Walker, Allan, Hutchison, Aidan, Matthews, Christopher, Fraser, Ruth, McGrath, Aileen, Deary, Ann, Anderson, Rosemary, Walker, Pauli, Hansen, Christian, Parker, Richard, Rodriguez, Aryelly, Macleod, Malcolm, Gattringer, Thomas, Palmer, Jeb, Sakka, Eleni, Adil-Smith, Jennifer, Minks, David, Mitra, Dipayan, Bhatnagar, Priya, du Plessis, Johannes, Joshi, Yogish, Lerpiniere, Christine, O'Brien, Richard, Burgess, Seona, Mead, Gillian, Paulton, Ruth, Doubal, Fergus, McCormick, Katrina, Hunter, Neil, Taylor, Pat, Parakramawansha, Ruwan, Perry, Jack, Blair, Gordon, MacRaild, Allan, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Johnes, Mary, Lee, Stephanie, Shaw, Kelly Marie, Burger, Ilse, Punter, Martin, Ingham, Andrea, Perez, Jane, Naing, Zin, Morell, Jordi, Marsden, Tracy, Hall, Andrea, Marshall, Sally, Harrison, Louise, Jarapa, Rowilson, Wood, Edith, O'Loughlin, Victoria, Cohen, David, Davies, Silvie, Njoku, Kelechi, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Burgess, Laura, Licenik, Radim, Ngwako, Mmua, Nisar, Nabeela, Niranchanan, Rangah, Roganova, Tatjana, Bathula, Rajaram, Devine, Joseph, David, Anette, Oshodi, Anne, Guo, Fenglin, Owoyele, Emmanuelle, Sukdeo, Varthi, Ballantine, Robert, Abbdul-saheb, Mudhar, Chamberlain, Angela, Chandrakumar, Aberami, Poku, Philip, Harkness, Kirsty, Blank, Catrin, Richards, Emma, Ali, Ali, Kibutu, Faith, Balitska, Olesia, Birchall, Kathryn, Bayliss, Pauline, Doyle, Clare, Stocks, Kathy, Majis, Arshad, Howe, Jo, Kamara, Christine, Barron, Luke, Maatouk, Ahmad, Lindert, Ralf, Dakin, Katy, Redgrave, Jessica, Bhaskaran, Biju, Salih, Isam, Kelly, Debs, Szabo, Susan, Tomlin, Dawn, Bearne, Helen, Buxton, Jean, Fitzell, Pauline, Ayres, Georgina, Saulat, Afaq, Horan, Kathleen, Garfield-Smith, Joanne, Bhakri, Harbens, Guyler, Paul, Sinha, Devesh, Loganathan, Thayalini, Siddiqui, Amber, Siddiqui, Anwer, Coward, Lucy, Kunhunny, Swapna, Tysoe, Sharon, Orath Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi, Kelavkar, Shyam, Rashmi, Sindhu, Ngo, David, Ng, Kheng Xiong, Menon, Nisha, Shah, Sweni, Barber, Mark, Esson, Derek, Brodie, Fiona, Anjum, Talat, Wani, Mushtaq, Krishnan, Manju, Quinn, Leanne, Spencer, Jayne, Jones, Terry, Thompson-Jones, Helen, Dacey, Lynne, Chenna, Srikanth, Storton, Sharon, Thomas, Sarah, Beaty, Teresa, Treadwell, Shelley, Davies, Caroline, Tucker, Susan, Connor, Lynda, Slade, Peter, Gainard, Glyn, Muddegowda, Girish, Sanyal, Ranjan, Remegoso, Alda, Abano, Nenette, Causley, Chelsea, Carpio, Racquel, Stevens, Stephanie, Butler, Adrian, Varquez, Resti, Denic, Hayley, Alipio, Francis, Moores, Andrew, Barry, Adrian, Maguire, Holly, Grocott, Jeanette, Finney, Kay, Lyjko, Sue, Roffe, Christine, Hiden, Joanne, Ferdinand, Phillip, Cvoro, Vera, Ullah, Khalil, Chapman, Nicola, Couser, Mandy, Pound, Susan, Mcauley, Sean, Raghunathan, Senthil, Shelton, Faye, Hedstrom, Amanda, Godfrey, Margi, Havard, Diane, Buck, Amanda, Krishnan, Kailash, Gilzeane, Nicola, Roffe, Jack, Clarke, Judith, Whittamore, Katherine, Sheikh, Saima, Sprigg, Nikola, Keshvara, Rekha, Jordan, Carla, Jackson, Benjamin, Wilkes, Gwendoline, Appleton, Jason, Law, Zhe, Matias, Oliver, Vasileiadis, Evangelos, Mason, Cathy, Parry, Anthea, Landers, Geraldine, Holden, Melinda, Aweid, Basaam, Rashed, Khalid, Balian, Linda, Vickers, Carinna, Keeling, Elizabeth, Board, Sarah, Allison, Joanna, Buckley, Clare, Williams-Yesson, Barbara, Board, Joanne, Pitt-Kerby, Tressy, Tanate, Alfonso, Wood, Diane, Kini, Manohar, Chadha, Dinesh, Walstow, Deborah, Fong, Rosanna, Luder, Robert, Adesina, Tolu, Gallagher, Jill, Bridger, Hayley, Murali, Elodie, Bhargava, Maneesh, van Someren, Chloe, Harrington, Frances, Mate, Abhijit, James, Ali, Courtauld, Gillian, Schofield, Christine, Adie, Katja, Lucas, Linda, Bond, Kirsty, Maund, Bev, Ellis, Sam, Mudd, Paul, James, Martin, Keenan, Samantha, Bowring, Angela, Cageao, Julie, Kingwell, Hayley, Roughan, Caroline, Hemsley, Anthony, Sword, Jane, Strain, David, Miller, Keniesha, Goff, Anita, Gupwell, Karin, Thorpe, Kevin, Emsley, Hedley, Punekar, Shuja, McLoughlin, Alison, Sultan, Sulaiman, Gregory, Bindu, Raj, Sonia, Doyle, Donna, Muir, Keith, Smith, Wilma, Welch, Angela, Moreton, Fiona, Cheripelli, Bharath Kumar, El Tawil, Salwa, Kalladka, Dheeraj, Huang, Xuya, Day, Nicola, Ramachandran, Sankaranarayanan, Crosbie, Caroline, Elliot, Jennifer, Rudd, Tony, Marks, Katherine, Bhalla, Ajay, Birns, Jonathan, Kullane, Sagal, Weir, Nic, Allen, Christopher, Pressly, Vanessa, Crawford, Pam, Battersby-Wood, Emma, Blades, Alex, Egerton, Shuna, Walters, Ashleigh, Evans, Sue, Marigold, James Richard, Smith, Fiona, Howard, Gabriella, Gartrell, Imogen, Smith, Simon, Creeden, Robyn, Cox, Chloe, Boxall, Cherish, Hewitt, Jonathan, Nott, Claire, Sarah, Procter, Whiteman, Jessica, Buckle, Steve, Wallace, Rebecca, Mardania, Rina, Gray, Jane, Triscott, Claire, Nair, Anand, Greig, Jill, Rana, Pratap, Robinson, Matthew, Alam, Mohammad Irfan, Werring, David, Wilson, Duncan, Watchurst, Caroline, Brezitski, Maria, Crook, Luci, Jones, Ifan, Banaras, Azra, Patel, Krishna, Erande, Renuka, Hogan, Caroline, Hostettler, Isabel, Ashton, Amy, Feerick, Shez, Francia, Nina, Oji, Nnebuife, Elliott, Emma, Al-Mayhani, Talal, Dennis, Martin, Sudlow, Cathie, Whiteley, William, Al-Shahi Salman, Rustam, Dutta, Dipankar, Brown, Pauline, Ward, Deborah, Davis, Fiona, Turfrey, Jennifer, Hughes, Chloe, Collins, Kayleigh, Bakawala, Rehana, O'Connell, Susan, Glass, Jon, Broughton, David, Tryambake, Dinesh, Dixon, Lynn, Chapman, Kath, Young, Andrew, Bergin, Adrian, Sigsworth, Andrew, Manoj, Aravind, Fletcher, Glyn, Lopez, Paula, Cox, Penelope, Wilkinson, Mark, Fitzsimmons, Paul, Sharma, Nikhil, Choulerton, James, Button, Denise, Dow, Lindsey, Gbadamoshi, Lukuman, Avis, Joanne, Madigan, Barbara, McCann, Stephanie, Shaw, Louise, Howcroft, Deborah, Lucas, Suzanne, Stone, Andrew, Cluckie, Gillian, Lovelock, Caroline, Clarke, Brian, Chopra, Neha, Clarke, Natasha, Patel, Bhavini, Kennedy, Kate, Williams, Rebecca, Blight, Adrian, O'Reilly, Joanna, Orefo, Chukwuka, Dayal, Nilofer, Ghatala, Rita, Adedoyin, Temi, Watson, Fran, Trippier, Sarah, Choy, Lillian, Moynihan, Barry, Khan, Usman, Jones, Val, Jeyaraj, Naomi, Kerin, Lourda, Thavanesan, Kamy, Tiwari, Divya, Cox, Chantel, Ljubez, Anja, Tucker, Laura, Iqbal, Arshi, Bagnall, Caroline, Keltos, Marketa, Roberts, Josh, Jupp, Becky, Ovington, Catherine, Rogers, Emily, David, Owen, Bell, Jo, Longland, Barbara, Hann, Gail, Cooper, Martin, Nasar, Mohammad, Rajapakse, Anoja, Wynter, Inez, Anwar, Ijaz, Skinner, Helen, Nozedar, Tarn, McArdle, Damian, Kumar, Balakrishna, Crawford, Susan, Annamalai, Arunkumar, Ramshaw, Alex, Holmes, Clare, Caine, Sarah, Osborn, Mairead, Dodd, Emily, Murphy, Peter, Devitt, Nicola, Baker, Pauline, Steele, Amy, Guthrie, Lucy Belle, Clarke, Samantha, Hassan, Ahamad, Waugh, Dean, Veraque, Emelda, Makawa, Linetty, Kambafwile, Mary, Randall, Marc, Papavasileiou, Vasileios, Cullen, Claire, Peters, Jenny, Thant, Hlaing, Ingram, Tanya, Zoe, Mellor, Durairaj, Ramesh, Harrison, Melanie, Stevenson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Daniela, Ewing, Jordan, Sutton, Victoria, McCarron, Mark, McKee, Jacqueline, Doherty, Mandy, McVerry, Ferghal, Blair, Caroline, MacLeod, Mary, Irvine, Janice, Gow, Heather, Furnace, Jacqueline, Joyson, Anu, Jagpal, Baljit, Ross, Sarah, Klaasen, Katrina, Nelson, Sandra, Clarke, Rebecca, Crouch, Nichola, MacLennan, Beverly, Taylor, Vicky, Epstein, Daniel, Shukla, Avani, Krishnamurthy, Vinodh, Nicholas, Paul, Qureshi, Sammie, Webber, Adam, Penge, Justin, Ramadan, Hawraman, Maguire, Stuart, Patterson, Chris, Bellfield, Ruth, Hairsine, Brigid, Stewart, Kelvin, Hooley, Michaela, Quinn, Outi, Richard, Bella, Moseley, Sally, Edwards, Mandy, Lawson, Heidi, Tayler, Michelle, Pai, Yogish, Dhakal, Mahesh, Esisi, Bernard, Dima, Sofia, Smith, Gemma Marie, Garside, Mark, Naeem, Muhammad, Baliga, Vidya, Rogers, Gill, Brown, Ellen, Bruce, David, Hayman, Rachel, Clayton, Susan, Gamble, Ed, Grue, Rebecca, Charles, Bethan, Hague, Adam, Blane, Sujata, Lambert, Caroline, Chaudhry, Afnan, Harrison, Thomas, Saastamoinen, Kari, Hove, Dionne, Howaniec, Laura, Grimwood, Gemma, Redjep, Ozlem, Humphries, Fiona, Argandona, Lucia, Cuenoud, Larissa, Erumere, Esther, Amlani, Sageet, Auld, Grace, Salek-Haddadi, Afraim, Schulz, Ursula, Kennedy, James, Ford, Gary, Mathieson, Philip, Reckless, Ian, Teal, Rachel, Lenti, Giulia, Harston, George, O'Brien, Eoin, Mcgee, Joanne, Mitchell, Jennifer, Amis, Elaine, Handley, Dominic, Kelly, Siobhan, Zachariah, George, Francis, Jobbin, Crisp, Sarah, Sesay, Juliana, Finlay, Sarah, Hayhoe, Helen, Hannon, Niamh, Hughes, Tom, Morse, Bethan, De Berker, Henry, Tallantyre, Emma, Osman, Ahmed, White, Susan, Schwarz, Stefan, Jelley, Benjamin, Yadava, Rajendra, Azhar, Khalid, Reddan, Julie, Sangombe, Mirriam, Stafford, Samantha, Fotherby, Ken, Morgan, Debbie, Baig, Farrukh, Jennings-Preece, Karla, Butler, Donna, Ahmad, Nasar, Willberry, Angela, Stevens, Angela, Rai, Baljinder, Siddegowda, Prasad, Howard, Peter, Hyatt, Lisa, Dobson, Tracey, Jarrett, David, Ponnambath, Suheil, Tandy, Jane, Harrington-Davies, Yasmin, Butler, Rebecca, James, Claire, Valentine, Stacey, Suttling, Anne, Langhorne, Peter, Kerr, Gillian, Wright, Fiona, Graham, Ruth, McAlpine, Christine, Iqbal, Mohammad Shahzad, Humphreys, Louise, Pasco, Kath, Balazikova, Olga, Nasim, Ashraf, Peixoto, Cassilda, Gallagher, Louise, Shahmehri, Shahrzad, Ghosh, Sandip, Barrie, Elizabeth, Gilmour, Danielle, Henry, Margo, Webb, Tom, Cowie, Linda, Rudenko, Hannah, McDonald, Shanni, Schumacher, Natasha, Walker, Susannah, Cosier, Tracey, Verrion, Anna, Beranova, Eva, Thomson, Audrey, Venter, Marius, Kar, Arindam, Mashate, Sheila, Harvey, Kirsten, Gardener, Léjeune, Nguyen, Vinh, Halse, Omid, Geraghty, Olivia, Hazel, Beth, Wilding, Peter, Tilley, Victoria, Cassidy, Tim, McClelland, Beverley, Bokhari, Maria, England, Timothy, Maddula, Mohana, Donnelly, Richard, Findlay, Paul, Macaden, Ashish, Shread, Ian, Barr, Charlotte, Mohd Nor, Azlisham, Brown, Claire, Persad, Nicola, Eglinton, Charlotte, Weinling, Marie, Hyams, Benjamin, Shah, Alex, Baker, John, Byrne, Anthony, McGhee, Caroline, Smart, Amanda, Copeland, Claire, Carpenter, Michael, Walker, Marion, Davey, Richard, Needle, Ann, Fathima, Razik, Bateman, Gavin, Datta, Prabal, Stanners, Andrew, Jackson, Linda, Ball, Julie, Davis, Michelle, Atkinson, Natalie, Fawcett, Michelle, Thompson, Teresa, Guy, Helen, Hogg, Valerie, Hays, Carole, Woodward, Stephen, Haque, Mohammad, Hakim, Eluzai, Symonds, Stuart, Maanoosi, Mehran, Herman, Jane, Black, Toby, Miriam, Skelton, Clarke, Caroline, Anthony, Alpha, Tribbeck, Michele, Cronin, Julie, Mead, Denise, Fennelly, Ruth, McIlmoyle, James, Dickinson, Christina, Jeffs, Carol, Anwar, Sajjad, Howard, Joanne, Jones, Kirsty, Dhar, Saikat, Clay, Caroline, Siddiq, Muhammad, Ivatts, Simone, Baird, Yolanda, Sally, Moore, Amey, Isobel, Newton, Sophie, Clayton-Evans, Lisa, Chadbourn, Indra, Rayessa, Rayessa, Naylor, Charde, Rodgers, Alicia, Wilson, Lisa, Wilson, Sarah, Clarkson, Emma, Davies, Ruth, Owings, Paula, Sangster, Graeme, Gott, Valerie, Little, Victoria, Weir, Pauline, Cherian, Suja, Jose, Deepa, Moroney, Helen, Downham, Susan, Dodd, Angela, Vettimootal Johnson, Venetia, Codd, Laura, Robinson, Naomi, Ahmed, Ashraf, Albazzaz, Mo, Johnson, Sharon, Denniss, Carol, Cunningham, Mishell, Zahoor, Tajammal, Webster, Timothy, Leason, Sandra, Haider, Syed, Chatterjee, Kausic, Nallasivan, Arumugam, Perkins, Charlotte, Seagrave, Samantha, Jenkins, Colin, Price, Fiona, Hughes, Claire, Mercer, Lily, Hussain, Malik, Brown, Sarah, Harvey, Miriam, Homan, Jane, Khan, Mohammad, Whiting, Robert, Foote, Leanne, Hunt, Nicholas, Durman, Helen, Brotherton, Lucy, Foot, Jayne, Pawley, Corinne, Foster, Eliza, Whitcher, Alison, Metcalf, Kneale, Jagger, Jenny, McDonald, Susan, Waterfield, Kelly, Sutton, Patrick, Shinh, Naval, Anversha, Ajmal, Ravenhill, Garth, Greenwood, Richard, Saada, Janak, Wiltshire, Alison, Perfitt, Rebekah, Andole, Sreeman, Gadapa, Naveen, Dunne, Karen, Krommyda, Magdalini, Burssens, Evelyne, King, Sam, Plewa, Catherine, Smyth, Nigel, Wilson, Jenny, Giallombardo, Elio, Sykes, Lucy, Kumar, Pradeep, Barker, James, Huggett, Isabel, Dunn, Linda, Culmsee, Charlotte, Thomas, Philip, Myint, Min, Brew, Helen, Majmudar, Nikhil, OConnell, Janice, Bunea, George, Fox, Charlotte, Gulliver, Diane, Smith, Andrew, Mokoena, Betty, Sattar, Naweed, Krishnamurthy, Ramesh, Osborne, Emily, Wilson, David, Wroath, Belinda, Dynan, Kevin, Power, Michael, Thompson, Susan, Adell, Victoria, Orugun, Enoch, Poultney, Una, Glover, Rachel, Crowther, Hannah, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Wiggam, Ivan, Wallace, Aine, Kerr, Enda, Fulton, Ailsa, Hunter, Annemarie, Tauro, Suzanne, Cuddy, Sarah, Mangion, David, Hardwick, Anne, Markova, Skarlet, Lawrence, Tara, Constantin, Carmen, Fletcher, Jo, Thomas, Isobel, Pettitt, Kerry, Sekaran, Lakshmanan, Tate, Margaret, Bharaj, Kiranjit, Simon, Rohan, Justin, Frances, Sethuraman, Sakthivel, Phiri, Duke, Mohammed, Niaz, Chauhan, Meena, Elfandi, Khaled, Khan, Uzma, Eveson, David, Mistri, Amit, Manning, Lisa, Khan, Shagufta, Patel, Champa, Moqsith, Mohammed, Sattar, Saira, Lam, Man Yee, Musarrat, Kashif, Stephens, Claire, Kalathil, Latheef, Miller, Richard, Salehin, Maqsud, Gautam, Nikki, Bailey, Duncan, Amor, Kelly, Meir, Julie, Nicolson, Anne, Imam, Javed, Wood, Lisa, White, Julie, Sajid, Mahmud, Ghaly, George, Ball, Margaret, Gascoyne, Rachel, Proeschel, Harald, Sharpe, Simon, Horton, Sarah, Beaves, Emily, Jones, Stephanie, Yip, Brigitte, Bell, Murdina, MacLiver, Linda, MacInnes, Brian, Sims, Don, Hurley, Jennifer, Willmot, Mark, Sutton, Claire, Littleton, Edward, Maiden, Susan, Jones, Rachael, Cunningham, James, Green, Carole, Bates, Michelle, Shekhar, Raj, Gilham, Ellie, Ahmed, Iman, Crown, Rachel, Fuller, Tracy, Goorah, Neetish, Bell, Angela, Kelly, Christine, Singh, Arun, Walford, Jamie, Tomlinson, Benjamin, Patel, Farzana, Duberley, Stephen, Kane, Ingrid, Rajkumar, Chakravarthi, Gaylard, Jane, Breeds, Joanna, Gainsborough, Nicola, Pitt-Ford, Alexandra, Barbon, Emma, Latter, Laura, Thompson, Philip, Hervey, Simon, Krishnamoorthy, Shrivakumar, Vassallo, Joseph, Walter, Deborah, Cochrane, Helen, Srinivasan, Meena, Campbell, Robert, Donaldson, Denise, Motherwell, Nichola, Hurford, Frances, Mukherjee, Indranil, Kenton, Antony, Nyabadza, Sheila, Martin, Irene, Hunt, Benjamin, Hassan, Hardi, O'Toole, Sarah, Dallol, Bander, Putterill, Janet, Jha, Ratneshwari, Gallifent, Rachel, Kakar, Puneet, Pusalkar, Aparna, Chan, kelly, Dangri, Puneet, Beadle, Hannah, Cook, Angela, Crabtree, Karen, Subramonian, Santhosh, Owusu-Agyei, Peter, Temple, Natalie, Butterworth-Cowin, Nicola, Ragab, Suzanne, Knops, Kerstin, Jinks, Emma, Dickson, Christine, Gleave, Laura, Dube, Judith, Leggett, Jacqui, Garcia, Tatiana, Ispoglou, Sissy, Evans, Rachel, Ankolekar, Sandeep, Hayes, Anne, Ni, Hlaing, Rahman, Bithi, Milligan, Josette, Graham, Carol, Jose, Josin, Keegan, Breffni, Kelly, Jim, Dewar, Richard, White, James, Thomas, Kelly, Minks, David P, Rodrigues, Mark A, du Plessis, Johann C, Dennis, Martin S, Murray, Gordon D, Newby, David E, Sandercock, Peter A G, Stephen, Jacqueline, Sudlow, Cathie L M, Werring, David J, Whiteley, William N, Wardlaw, Joanna M, and White, Philip M
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- 2019
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26. Remotely supported pre-hospital ultrasound: Effect of staff experience and image quality on diagnostic utility
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Mulhern, J, Eadie, L, Regan, L, Mort, A, MacAden, A, Shannon, H, Wilson, P, and Clements, Helena
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- 2016
27. Software support for novice transcranial ultrasound scanning
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Eadie, L, Regan, L, MacAden, A, and Wilson, P
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- 2016
28. Diagnostic value of transcranial ultrasonography for selecting subjects with large vessel occlusion: a systematic review
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Daria Antipova, Leila Eadie, Ashish Stephen Macaden, and Philip Wilson
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Large vessel occlusion ,Stroke ,Acute cerebral ischaemia ,Intracerebral haemorrhage ,Transcranial ultrasonography ,Neuroimaging ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction A number of pre-hospital clinical assessment tools have been developed to triage subjects with acute stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) to a specialised endovascular centre, but their false negative rates remain high leading to inappropriate and costly emergency transfers. Transcranial ultrasonography may represent a valuable pre-hospital tool for selecting patients with LVO who could benefit from rapid transfer to a dedicated centre. Methods Diagnostic accuracy of transcranial ultrasonography in acute stroke was subjected to systematic review. Medline, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library were searched. Published articles reporting diagnostic accuracy of transcranial ultrasonography in comparison to a reference imaging method were selected. Studies reporting estimates of diagnostic accuracy were included in the meta-analysis. Results Twenty-seven published articles were selected for the systematic review. Transcranial Doppler findings, such as absent or diminished blood flow signal in a major cerebral artery and asymmetry index ≥ 21% were shown to be suggestive of LVO. It demonstrated sensitivity ranging from 68 to 100% and specificity of 78–99% for detecting acute steno-occlusive lesions. Area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was 0.91. Transcranial ultrasonography can also detect haemorrhagic foci, however, its application is largely restricted by lesion location. Conclusions Transcranial ultrasonography might potentially be used for the selection of subjects with acute LVO, to help streamline patient care and allow direct transfer to specialised endovascular centres. It can also assist in detecting haemorrhagic lesions in some cases, however, its applicability here is largely restricted. Additional research should optimize the scanning technique. Further work is required to demonstrate whether this diagnostic approach, possibly combined with clinical assessment, could be used at the pre-hospital stage to justify direct transfer to a regional thrombectomy centre in suitable cases.
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- 2019
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29. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tools for assessment of acute stroke: a systematic review
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Daria Antipova, Leila Eadie, Ashish Macaden, and Philip Wilson
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Acute cerebral ischaemia ,Clinical prediction rules ,Emergency care ,Intracerebral haemorrhage ,Large vessel occlusion ,Recanalization ,Special situations and conditions ,RC952-1245 ,Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid ,RC86-88.9 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction Recanalisation therapy in acute ischaemic stroke is highly time-sensitive, and requires early identification of eligible patients to ensure better outcomes. Thus, a number of clinical assessment tools have been developed and this review examines their diagnostic capabilities. Methods Diagnostic performance of currently available clinical tools for identification of acute ischaemic and haemorrhagic strokes and stroke mimicking conditions was reviewed. A systematic search of the literature published in 2015–2018 was conducted using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and The Cochrane Library. Prehospital and in-hospital studies with a minimum sample size of 300 patients reporting diagnostic accuracy were selected. Results Twenty-five articles were included. Cortical signs (gaze deviation, aphasia and neglect) were shown to be significant indicators of large vessel occlusion (LVO). Sensitivity values for selecting subjects with LVO ranged from 23 to 99% whereas specificity was 24 to 97%. Clinical tools, such as FAST-ED, NIHSS, and RACE incorporating cortical signs as well as motor dysfunction demonstrated the best diagnostic accuracy. Tools for identification of stroke mimics showed sensitivity varying from 44 to 91%, and specificity of 27 to 98% with the best diagnostic performance demonstrated by FABS (90% sensitivity, 91% specificity). Hypertension and younger age predicted intracerebral haemorrhage whereas history of atrial fibrillation and diabetes were associated with ischaemia. There was a variation in approach used to establish the definitive diagnosis. Blinding of the index test assessment was not specified in about 50% of included studies. Conclusions A wide range of clinical assessment tools for selecting subjects with acute stroke has been developed in recent years. Assessment of both cortical and motor function using RACE, FAST-ED and NIHSS showed the best diagnostic accuracy values for selecting subjects with LVO. There were limited data on clinical tools that can be used to differentiate between acute ischaemia and haemorrhage. Diagnostic accuracy appeared to be modest for distinguishing between acute stroke and stroke mimics with optimal diagnostic performance demonstrated by the FABS tool. Further prehospital research is required to improve the diagnostic utility of clinical assessments with possible application of a two-step clinical assessment or involvement of simple brain imaging, such as transcranial ultrasonography.
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- 2019
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30. Last Aid Training Online: Participants’ and Facilitators’ Perceptions from a Mixed-Methods Study in Rural Scotland
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Leah Macaden, Kirsten Broadfoot, Clare Carolan, Kevin Muirhead, Siobhan Neylon, and Jeremy Keen
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public health ,Last Aid ,online ,death literacy ,perceptions ,participants ,Medicine - Abstract
(1) Background: Palliative and end-of-life care services are increasingly gaining centre stage in health and social care contexts in the UK and globally. Death and dying need are relational processes. Building personal and community capacity along with resilience is vital to support families and communities to normalise death and dying. Last Aid Training (LAT) is one such innovative educational initiative which teaches the general public about the fundamentals of palliative care and promotes public discussion about death and dying. The Highland Hospice [HH] in Scotland has pioneered delivery of LAT in face-to-face settings since March 2019 and online since March 2020 to accommodate pandemic restrictions. (2) Methods: This study used a mixed-methods approach, combining an online survey with LAT participants followed by individual semi-structured qualitative interviews with both LAT participants and facilitators. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the impacts of LAT for participants at the individual, family, and community levels, as well as explore participant and facilitator experiences and perspectives of LAT in an online environment. (3) Results: Overall, this evaluation demonstrates that provision of foundational death literacy education in social contexts enhances the personal knowledge, skills, and confidence of individual community members and supports the notion that this personal growth could lead to strengthened community action. (4) Conclusions: Findings from this study concluded that there is potential to include LAT as the foundational core training to promote death literacy in communities with further exploration to integrate/align LAT with other national/global end-of-life care frameworks.
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- 2022
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31. Training novice users to assess stroke aetiology in remote settings using transcranial ultrasound: pilot study
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Daria Antipova, Leila Eadie, Ashish MacAden, and Philip Wilson
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novice ,Scotland ,TCD ,training ,transcranial ,ultrasonography. ,Special situations and conditions ,RC952-1245 ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
Introduction: Emergency care delivery to patients in remote and rural areas is limited by diagnostic restrictions and long transport times to major centres of care. People with suspected acute stroke living long distances from a hospital are unlikely to receive time-critical reperfusion therapy for these reasons. Basic brain imaging assessing blood flow in the major intracranial arteries could facilitate such care in remote settings. A 3-hour training package for novice transcranial ultrasound users has been piloted on a small group of volunteers to investigate whether they could acquire transcranial ultrasound images and video clips to potentially allow remote interpretation and optimise pre-hospital management of acute stroke. Methods: A pilot training project was set up in a university setting in Inverness, Scotland. Volunteer clinicians and students of nursing or medicine with no practical experience in transcranial ultrasound were recruited. Participants received three 1-hour training sessions combining theoretical aspects and hands-on practice on healthy volunteers provided by a qualified neurologist with more than 2 years of experience in transcranial ultrasound. Transcranial greyscale and colour-coded duplex sonography was performed to visualise midline structures and major intracranial vessels, and to measure blood flow velocity in the middle cerebral artery, followed by an unsupervised assessment. Qualitative analysis of the anonymised feedback from participants on the training experience and its potential application was also performed. Results: A total of 11 volunteers were recruited in the current pilot study. The average time to complete transcranial ultrasound assessment was approximately 40 minutes. The brain midline and cerebral peduncles were correctly labelled by 64% (7/11) and 91% (10/11) of volunteers, respectively. Participants demonstrated a good performance in detecting major intracranial vessels. The correct labelling rate for the middle cerebral artery was 73% (8/11), and 64% (7/11) for the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries. There was agreement between the trainer and the participants on rating the quality of scans as assessed using a visual analogue scale. All participants gave positive feedback on the provided training and time allocated for each session. Generally, volunteers thought that operating the ultrasound machine and the probe simultaneously was difficult. It was also suggested that further follow-up training, with possible supervision, would be useful to retain the acquired skills. Conclusions: Transcranial ultrasound scans of a quality to allow expert interpretation can be acquired by inexperienced transcranial ultrasound operators after receiving a brief training. This could potentially be used by medical staff working in remote and rural areas to facilitate acute care for stroke patients, but further work with a larger sample is needed.
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- 2021
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32. Protocol of the COVID-19 Health and Adherence Research in Scotland (CHARIS) study: understanding changes in adherence to transmission-reducing behaviours, mental and general health, in repeated cross-sectional representative survey of the Scottish population
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Cindy Gray, Trish Gorely, Niamh Fitzgerald, Diane Dixon, Julia Allan, Mioara Cristea, Alive Davis, Leanne Fleming, Barbara Fraquharson, Eileen Harkess-Murphy, Robin Ion, Terry Lansdown, Leah Macaden, Wendy Maltinsky, Stewart Mercer, Ronan O’Carroll, Kate O’Donnell, Amanda Pitkethly, Kate Reid, Dina Sidhva, Mary E Stewart, Debbie Tolson, and Catharine Ward Thompson
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Medicine - Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 has unprecedented consequences on population health, with governments worldwide issuing stringent public health directives. In the absence of a vaccine, a key way to control the pandemic is through behavioural change: people adhering to transmission-reducing behaviours (TRBs), such as physical distancing, hand washing and wearing face covering. Non-adherence may be explained by theories of how people think about the illness (the common-sense model of self-regulation) and/or how they think about the TRBs (social cognition theory and protection motivation theory). In addition, outbreaks of infectious diseases and the measures employed to curb them are likely to have detrimental effects on people’s mental and general health. Therefore, in representative repeated surveys, we will apply behavioural theories to model adherence to TRBs and the effects on mental and general health in the Scottish population from June to November 2020, following the initial outbreak of COVID-19.Methods and analysis Repeated 20 min structured telephone surveys will be conducted with nationally representative random samples of 500 adults in Scotland. The first 6 weeks the survey will be conducted weekly, thereafter fortnightly, for a total of 14 waves (total n=7000). Ipsos MORI will recruit participants through random digit dialling. The core survey will measure the primary outcomes of adherence to TRBs, mental and general health, and explanatory variables from the theories. Further questions will be added, enabling more detailed measurement of constructs in the core survey, additional themes and questions that align with the evolving pandemic.Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Life Sciences and Medicine College Ethics Review Board (CERB) at the University of Aberdeen (CERB/2020/5/1942). Results will be made available to policy makers, funders, interested lay people and other researchers through weekly reports and three bimonthly bulletins placed on the CHARIS website and advertised through social media.
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- 2021
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33. Typing and classification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates [version 2; peer review: 1 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
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Thomas Clarke, Lauren Brinkac, Joanna Manoranjan, Alberto García-Basteiro, Harleen Grewal, Anthony Kiyimba, Elisa Lopez, Ragini Macaden, Durval Respeito, Willy Ssengooba, Michele Tameris, and Granger Sutton
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Research Article ,Articles ,non-tuberculous mycobacteria ,NTM ,taxonomic classification ,MASH ANI ,MLST - Abstract
Background: There are a large and growing number of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that have been isolated, identified, and described in the literature, yet there are many clinical isolates which are not assignable to known species even when the genome has been sequenced. Additionally, a recent manuscript has proposed the reclassification of the Mycobacterium genus into five distinct genera. Methods: We describe using a community standard fast average nucleotide identity (ANI) approximation method, MASH, for classifying NTM genomes by comparison to a resource of type strain genomes and proxy genomes. We evaluate the genus reclassification proposal in light of our ANI, MLST, and pan-genome work. Results: We describe here a sequencing study of hundreds of clinical NTM isolates. To aid in characterizing these isolates we defined a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schema for NTMs which can differentiate strains at the species and subspecies level using eight ribosomal protein genes. We determined and deposited the allele profiles for 2,802 NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in PubMLST. Conclusions: The MLST schema and our pan-genome analysis of Mycobacteria can help inform the design of marker-gene diagnostics. The ANI comparisons likewise can assist in the classification of unknown genomes, even from previously unknown species.
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- 2020
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34. Typing and classification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolates [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]
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Thomas Clarke, Lauren Brinkac, Joanna Manoranjan, Alberto García-Basteiro, Harleen Grewal, Anthony Kiyimba, Elisa Lopez, Ragini Macaden, Durval Respeito, Willy Ssengooba, Michele Tameris, and Granger Sutton
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Research Article ,Articles ,non-tuberculous mycobacteria ,NTM ,taxonomic classification ,MASH ANI ,MLST - Abstract
Background: There are a large and growing number of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) species that have been isolated, identified, and described in the literature, yet there are many clinical isolates which are not assignable to known species even when the genome has been sequenced. Additionally, a recent manuscript has proposed the reclassification of the Mycobacterium genus into five distinct genera. Methods: We describe using a fast average nucleotide identity (ANI) approximation method, MASH, for classifying NTM genomes by comparison to a resource of type strain genomes and proxy genomes. We evaluate the genus reclassification proposal in light of our ANI, MLST, and pan-genome work. Results: We describe here a sequencing study of hundreds of clinical NTM isolates. To aid in characterizing these isolates we defined a multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) schema for NTMs which can differentiate strains at the species and subspecies level using eight ribosomal protein genes. We determined and deposited the allele profiles for 2,802 NTM and Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains in PubMLST. Conclusions: The MLST schema and our pan-genome analysis of Mycobacteria can help inform the design of marker-gene diagnostics. The ANI comparisons likewise can assist in the classification of unknown genomes, even from previously unknown species.
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- 2020
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35. Risk perception among older South Asians with type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom
- Author
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Macaden, Leah and Clarke, Charlotte L.
- Subjects
362.19897 ,B700 Nursing - Abstract
South Asians living in the UK have an increased predisposition to developing Type 2 diabetes. Type 2 diabetes usually occurs later in life and has significant invisible long term risks that can affect an individual's quality of life and longevity but are preventable with life style changes. For people of South Asian origin, their perception of risks associated with Type 2 diabetes is likely to be shaped by a range of different factors, including cultural influences on gender roles, family life, and the significance of food and its preparation. The South Asian population in the United Kingdom is heterogeneous with strong socio cultural and religious beliefs that impact upon an individual's life style. Research on issues related to risk and risk perception have largely been conducted in developed countries. Models on risk perception have also evolved from these settings where people have increased personal autonomy, better resources and access to health care and related information. Risk is socially constructed and is influenced by socio cultural factors, religious beliefs and gender. Health related risks are understood differently by lay people and practitioners. Research available on risk perception among minority ethnic groups and the immigrant population living in a western context is very limited. Risk perception among South Asians with diabetes has not been explored in particular despite the escalating incidence of Type 2 diabetes in this population. This study aimed to explore how risks related to diabetes were perceived by older South Asians with Type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom and developing a conceptual model on risk perception. A qualitative research design using grounded theory with its theoretical foundations drawn from Symbolic Interactionism was used. Data from two focus group interviews with ethnic health development workers, seven individual interviews with practitioners and twenty interviews with older South Asians with Type 2 diabetes was collected, transcribed and analysed. The process of Cross Language interpretation (Larson 1998) was used with gender and ethnically matched interpreters to collect data from non English speaking participants. Triangulation, audit trail, peer debrief and reflexivity were used to enhance rigour in the research process. Risk perception among older South Asians was interpreted in terms of risk awareness and risk engagement. Risk awareness was influenced by factors from within the cognitive and affective domains that resulted in risk engagement. Risk engagement was proactive if risk awareness was present and the locus of control was internal. Risk awareness involving the affective domain resulted in reactive risk engagement through risk response, ranking of risks, risk repair and creation of safety nets when influenced by external locus of control. The affective domain being predominant in comparison to the cognitive domain poses significant implications in the planning and provision of services to minority ethnic groups. The concept of concordance in diabetes management and the empowerment model that advocates self management towards risk prevention as the cornerstone of diabetes management may be challenging for both South Asians and their practitioners. This model on risk prevention that is largely oriented towards the cognitive domain requiring internal locus of control needs to be carefully evaluated in minority ethnic groups such as South Asians with Type 2 diabetes.
- Published
- 2009
36. The use of transcranial ultrasound and clinical assessment to diagnose ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion in remote and rural areas.
- Author
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Daria Antipova, Leila Eadie, Stephen Makin, Helen Shannon, Philip Wilson, and Ashish Macaden
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Rapid endovascular thrombectomy, which can only be delivered in specialist centres, is the most effective treatment for acute ischaemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion (LVO). Pre-hospital selection of these patients is challenging, especially in remote and rural areas due to long transport times and limited access to specialist clinicians and diagnostic facilities. We investigated whether combined transcranial ultrasound and clinical assessment ("TUCA" model) could accurately triage these patients and improve access to thrombectomy. We recruited consecutive patients within 72 hours of suspected stroke, and performed non-contrast transcranial colour-coded ultrasonography within 24 hours of brain computed tomography. We retrospectively collected clinical information, and used hospital discharge diagnosis as the "gold standard". We used binary regression for diagnosis of haemorrhagic stroke, and an ordinal regression model for acute ischaemic stroke with probable LVO, without LVO, transient ischaemic attacks (TIA) and stroke mimics. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and performed a sensitivity analysis. We recruited 107 patients with suspected stroke from July 2017 to December 2019 at two study sites: 13/107 (12%) with probable LVO, 50/107 (47%) with acute ischaemic stroke without LVO, 18/107 (17%) with haemorrhagic stroke, and 26/107 (24%) with stroke mimics or TIA. The model identified 55% of cases with probable LVO who would have correctly been selected for thrombectomy and 97% of cases who would not have required this treatment (sensitivity 55%, specificity 97%, positive and negative predictive values 75% and 93%, respectively). Diagnostic accuracy of the proposed model was superior to the clinical assessment alone. These data suggest that our model might be a useful tool to identify pre-hospital patients requiring mechanical thrombectomy, however a larger sample is required with the use of CT angiogram as a reference test.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Molecular Epidemiology of Diarrhoeagenic Escherichia coli Associated with Sporadic Cases and Outbreaks of Diarrhoea between 2000 and 2001 in India
- Author
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Kahali, Soumen, Sarkar, Bhaswati, Chakraborty, Subhra, Macaden, Ragini, Deokule, J. S., Ballal, Mamatha, Nandy, Ranjan K., Bhattacharya, S. K., Takeda, Yoshifumi, and Ramamurthy, T.
- Published
- 2004
38. Sustaining employment after supported employment in adults with acquired brain injury
- Author
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Macaden, Ashish S. and Chandler, Colin
- Subjects
331.590870941 ,B900 Others in Subjects allied to Medicine ,L500 Social Work - Abstract
Modem Vocational Rehabilitation Programmes support individuals with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) by using Job coaches who provide support both in placements and employment. This has improved return to work to around 70% compared to around 20 - 50% previously. But the reasons for success of this supportive process are not clear. Quantitative studies have attempted to correlate factors associated with employment, but results have been variable and conflicting. Long term data regarding sustaining employment is sparse. An exploratory study reported that around 26% of those who return to work could not sustain employment. Job coaches reported that this occurred because of dysfunctional interpersonal relationships (misinterpretation of social cues, interpersonal conflict and inappropriate verbalization), substance abuse, criminal activity, poor employment settings and economic disincentives. This study was built on the exploratory data and examined the area of sustaining employment in detail with the aim of developing a conceptual model. A flexible, eclectic design based on multiple case studies was used. Eight individuals with ABI were purposively selected along with a family member, employer or co-worker and job coach. Triangulation, respondent validation, peer debriefing and reflexivity were used to reduce bias and improve validity. Twenty nine semi-structured interviews were conducted. Transcripts were analysed for topics which were directly linked to sustained employment. Ideas which were directly associated by text were extracted. These concepts were used to develop a conceptual model. Bo-psychological concepts which helped to sustain employment emerged from the research. This included the beneficial use of unconditional motivation, coping skills and pre-injury work and leisure interests. Pre-injury interests also demonstrably improved motivation. Social concepts re-emphasised support from the employer or co-worker, support from the vocational rehabilitation programme and from the work place. An opt-out follow up pattern was proposed i.e. follow up is continued until individuals with ABI choose to opt out. The conceptual model proposes a cyclical continuum rather than a staged and linear approach. It advocates a greater role for employers and co-workers (pre and post-injury) in the process of employment. The conceptual model challenges current practice: it recommends assessments of bio-psychological factors. It advocates greater integration at all levels. It also opens out research challenges in the areas of development of assessment tools for bio-psychological factors, comparison with services available for the unemployed in the general population and transferability of these findings to other projects and similar situations in ABI rehabilitation. It challenges current perceptions by demonstrating that individuals with ABI can be outstanding employees.
- Published
- 2006
39. An ethnographic exploration of the medicine use of community dwelling older adults with sensory impairment in Scotland
- Author
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Fuzesi, Peter, primary, Broadfoot, Kirsten, additional, Lennon, Marilyn, additional, Jacob, Sabrina Anne, additional, Macaden, Leah, additional, Smith, Annetta, additional, Welsh, Tomas, additional, and Watson, Margaret, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Determinants of Kangaroo Mother Care Uptake for Small Babies Along the Health Facility to Community Continuum in Karnataka, India
- Author
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Washington, Maryann, primary, Macaden, Leah, additional, Smith, Annetta, additional, Selvam, Sumithra, additional, and Mony, Prem K., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Supporting Novice Prehospital Transcranial Ultrasound Scanning for Brain Haemorrhage.
- Author
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Leila Eadie, Luke Regan, Ashish MacAden, and Philip Wilson
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Learning and unlearning dignity in care: Experiential and experimental educational approaches
- Author
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Kyle, Richard G., Medford, Wayne, Blundell, Julie, Webster, Elaine, Munoz, Sarah-Anne, and Macaden, Leah
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Revealing student nurses' perceptions of human dignity through curriculum co-design
- Author
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Munoz, Sarah-Anne, Macaden, Leah, Kyle, Richard, and Webster, Elaine
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The characteristics of effective technology-enabled dementia education for health and social care practitioners: protocol for a mixed studies systematic review
- Author
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Muirhead, Kevin, Macaden, Leah, Clarke, Charlotte, Smyth, Keith, Polson, Rob, and O’Malley, Chris
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Remotely Supported Prehospital Ultrasound: Real-time Communication for Diagnosis in Remote and Rural Communities.
- Author
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Leila Eadie, Alasdair Mort, Luke Regan, Ashish S. MacAden, and Philip Wilson
- Published
- 2015
46. Novel transcriptional signatures for sputum-independent diagnostics of tuberculosis in children
- Author
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John Espen Gjøen, Synne Jenum, Dhanasekaran Sivakumaran, Aparna Mukherjee, Ragini Macaden, Sushil K. Kabra, Rakesh Lodha, Tom H. M. Ottenhoff, Marielle C. Haks, Timothy Mark Doherty, Christian Ritz, and Harleen M. S. Grewal
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Pediatric tuberculosis (TB) is challenging to diagnose, confirmed by growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at best in 40% of cases. The WHO has assigned high priority to the development of non-sputum diagnostic tools. We therefore sought to identify transcriptional signatures in whole blood of Indian children, capable of discriminating intra-thoracic TB disease from other symptomatic illnesses. We investigated the expression of 198 genes in a training set, comprising 47 TB cases (19 definite/28 probable) and 36 asymptomatic household controls, and identified a 7- and a 10-transcript signature, both including NOD2, GBP5, IFITM1/3, KIF1B and TNIP1. The discriminatory abilities of the signatures were evaluated in a test set comprising 24 TB cases (17 definite/7 probable) and 26 symptomatic non-TB cases. In separating TB-cases from symptomatic non-TB cases, both signatures provided an AUC of 0.94 (95%CI, 0.88–1.00), a sensitivity of 91.7% (95%CI, 71.5–98.5) regardless of culture status, and 100% sensitivity for definite TB. The 7-transcript signature provided a specificity of 80.8% (95%CI, 60.0–92.7), and the 10-transcript signature a specificity of 88.5% (95%CI, 68.7–96.9%). Although warranting exploration and validation in other populations, our findings are promising and potentially relevant for future non-sputum based POC diagnostic tools for pediatric TB.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Combining transcranial ultrasound with intelligent communication methods to enhance the remote assessment and management of stroke patients: Framework for a technology demonstrator.
- Author
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Alasdair Mort, Leila Eadie, Luke Regan, Ashish MacAden, David Heaney, Matt-Mouley Bouamrane, Gordon Rushworth, and Philip Wilson
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Diagnostic value of transcranial ultrasonography for selecting subjects with large vessel occlusion: a systematic review
- Author
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Antipova, Daria, Eadie, Leila, Macaden, Ashish Stephen, and Wilson, Philip
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Diagnostic accuracy of clinical tools for assessment of acute stroke: a systematic review
- Author
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Antipova, Daria, Eadie, Leila, Macaden, Ashish, and Wilson, Philip
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Looking Ahead: Assured of a Vibrant Indian Association of Palliative Care to Lead the World of Palliative Care
- Author
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Macaden, Stanley Cecil, primary
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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