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6. Abstract

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Mache, Ch., Urban, Ch., Sauer, H., Brandesky, G., Meßner, H., Grienberger, H., Becker, H., Slave, I., Hauer, Ch., Pakisch, B., Oberbauer, R., Mokry, M., Ebner, F., Kleinert, R., Schiller, D., Kasparu, H., Schneider, G., Sega, W., Lutz, D., Mader, R. M., Steger, G. G., Sieder, A. E., Ovissi, L., Roth, E., Hamilton, G., Jakesz, R., Rainer, H., Schenk, T., Kornek, G., Schulz, F., Depisch, D., Rosen, H., Sebesta, Ch., Scheithauer, W., Locker, G. J., Czernin, J., Derfler, K., Gnant, M., Schiessel, R., Petru, E., Pickel, H., Heydarfadai, M., Lahousen, M., Haas, J., Sagaster, P., Flamm, J., Umek, H., Essl, R., Teich, G., Micksche, M., Ludwig, H., Ambros, P. F., Lestou, V., Strehl, S., Mann, G., Gadner, H., Eibl, B., Greiter, E., Grünewald, K., Gastl, G., Thaler, J., Aulitzky, W., Lion, T., Henn, T., Gaiger, A., Hofmann, J., Wolf, A., Spitaler, M., Ludescher, Christof, Grunicke, H., Mitterbauer, G., Stangl, E., Geissler, K., Jäger, U., Lechner, K., Mannhalter, C., Haas, Oskar A., Tirita, Anthi, Kahls, P., Haas, O., Hinterberger, W., Linkesch, W., Pober, Michael, Fae, Ingrid, Kyrle, Alexander, Neumeister, Andrea, Panzer, Simon, Kandioler, D., End, A., Grill, R., Karlic, H., Inhauser, T., Chott, A., Pirc-Danoewinata, H., Klepetko, W., Heinz, R., Hopfinger-Limberger, G., Koller, E., Schneider, B., Pittermann, E., Lorber, C., Eichinger, S., Neumann, E., Weidinger, J., Gisslinger, H., Bedford P., Jones D., Cawley J., Catovsky D., Bevan P., Scherrer, R., Bettelheim, P., Knöbl, P., Kyrie, P. A., Lazcika, K., Schwarzinger, I., Sillaber, C., Watzke, H., Dávid, M., Losonczy, H., Matolcsy, A., Papp, M., Prischl, F. C., Schwarzmeier, J. D., Zoubek, Andreas, Harbott, Jochen, Ritterbach, Jutta, Ritter, Jörg, Sillaber, Ch., Agis, H., Spanblöchl, E., Sperr, W. R., Valent, P., Czerwenka, K., Virgolini, I., Li, S. R., Müller, M., Wrann, M., Gaggl, S., Fasching, B., Herold, M., Geissler, D., Nachbaur, D., Huber, Ch., Schwaighofer, H., Pichl, M., Niederwieser, D., Gilly, B., Weissel, H., Lorber, Ch., Schwarzmeier, J., Gasché, C., Reinisch, W., Hilgarth, M., Keil, F., Thomssen, C., Kolb, H. J., Holler, E., Wilmanns, W., Tilg, H., Gächter, A., Panzer-Grümayer, E. R., Majdic, O., Kersey, J. H., Petzer, A. L., Bilgeri, R., Zilian, U., Geisen, F. H., Haun, M., Konwalinka, G., Fuchs, D., Zangerle, R., Artner-Dworzak, E., Weiss, G., Fritsch, P., Tilz, G. P., Dierich, M. P., Wachter, H., Schüller, J., Czejka, M. J., Jäger, W., Meyer, B., Weiss, C., Schernthaner, G., Marosi, Ch., Onderka, E., Schlögl, B., Maca, T., Hanak, R., Mannhalter, Ch., Brenner, B., Mayer, R., Langmann, A., Langmann, G., Slave, J., Poier, E., Stücklschweiger, G., Hackl, A., Fritz, A., Pabinger, I., Willfort, A., Groiss, E., Bernhart, M., Waldner, R., Krieger, O., Nowotny, H., Strobl, H., Michlmayr, G., Mistrik, M., lstvan, L., Kapiotis, S., Laczika, K., Speiser, W., Granena, A., Hermans, J., Zwaan, F., Gratwohl, A., Labar B., Mrsić M., Nemet D., Bogdanić V., Radman I., Zupančić-Šalek Silva, Kovačević-Metelko Jasna, Aurer I., Forstinger, C., Scholten, C., Kier, P., Kalhs, P., Schwinger, W., Slavc, I., Lackner, H., Nussbaumer, W., Fritsch, E., Fink, M., Zechner, O., Kührer, I., Kletter, V., Frey, S., Leitgeb, C., Fritz, E., Silly, H., Brezinschek, R., Kuss, I., Stöger, H., Schmid, M., Samonigg, H., Wilders-Truschnig, M., Schmidt, F., Bauernhofer, T., Kasparek, A. K., Ploner, F., Stoeger, H., Moser, R., Leikauf, W., Klemm, F., Pfeffel, F., Niessner, H., Poschauko, H., Pojer, E., Locker, G. J., Braun, J., Gnant, M. F. X., Michl, I., Pirker, R., Liebhard, A., Zielinski, C., Dittrich, C., Bernát, S. I., Pongrácz, E., Kastner, J., Raderer, M., Jorbenyi, Z., Yilmaz, A., Suardet, L., Lahm, H., Odartchenko, N., Varga, Gy., Sréter, L. A., Oberberg, D., Berdel, W. E., Budiman, R., Brand, C., Berkessy, S., Radványi, G., Pauker, Zs., Nagy, Zs., Karádi, Å., Serti, S., Hainz, R., Kirchweger, P., Prager, C., Prada, J., Neifer, S., Bienzle, U., Kremsner, P., Kämmerer, B., Vetterlein, M., Pohl, W., Letnansky, K., Imre, S. G., Parkas, T., Lakos, Zs., Kiss, A., Telek, B., Felszeghy, E., Kelemen, E., Rak, K., Pfeilstöcker, M., Reisner, R., Salamon, J., Georgopoulos, A., Feistauer, S., Georgopoulos, M., Graninger, W., Klinda, F., Hrubisko, M., Sakalova, A., Weißmann, A., Röhle, R., Fortelny, R., Gutierrez, F., Fritsch, G., Printz, D., Buchinger, P., Buchinger, P., Hoecker, P., Peters, C., Gebauer, E., Katanić, D., Nagy, Á., Szomor, Á., Med. J., Batinić D., Užaervić B., Marušić M., Kovačoević-Metelko Jasminka, Jakić-Razumović Jasminka, Kovačević-Metelko Jasminka, Zuoancić-Šalek Silva, Ihra, G. C., Reinisch, W. W., Hilgarth, M. F., Schwarzmeier, I. D., Várady, E., Molnár, Z. S., Fleischmann, T., Borbényi, Z., Bérczi, M., István, L., Szerafin, L., Jakó, J., Bányai, A., Dankó, K., Szegedi, Gy., Neubauer, M., Frudinger, A., Scholten, Ch., Forstinger, Ch., Dobrić I., Willheim, M., Szépfalusi, Z., Mader, R., Boltz, G., Schwarzmeier, J. D., Nahajevszky, S., Téri, N., Póth, I., Nagy, P., Smanykó, D., Babicz, T., Ujj, Gy., Iványi, J. L., Tóth, F. D., Kiss, J., Konja, J., Petković, I., Kardum, I., Kaštelan, M., Kelečić, J., Feminić, R., Djermanović, M., Bilić, E., Jakovljević, G., Peter, B., Gredelj, G., Senji, P., Thalhammer, F., Floth, A., Etele-Hainz, A., Kainberger, F., Radaszkiewicz, T., Kierner, H., Mód, Anna, Pitlik, E., Gottesman, M., Magócsi, Mária, Sarkadi, B., Knapp, S., Purtscher, B., DelleKarth, G., Jaeger, U., Krieger, O., Berger, W., Elbling, L., Ludescher, C., Hilbe, W., Eisterer, W., Preuß, E., Izraeli, S., Janssen, J. W. G., Walther, J. U., Kovar, H., Ludwig, W. D., Rechavi, G., Bartram, C. R., Rehberger, A., Mittermayer, F., Schauer, E., Kokoschka, E. M., Kammerer, B., Kokron, E., Desser, L., Abdul-Hamid, G., Kroschinksky, F., Luther, Th., Fischer, H., Nowak, R., Wolf, H., Fleischer, J., Wichmann, G., Albercht, S., Adorf, D., Kaboth, W., Nerl, C., Aman, J., Rudolf, G., Peschel, C., Anders, O., Burstein, Ch., Ernst, B., Steiner, H., Konrad, H., Annaloro, U. P., Mozzana, C., Butti, R., Della, C., Volpe A., Soligo D., Uderzo M., Lambertenghi-Deliliers G., Ansari, H., Dickson, D., Hasford, J., Hehlmann, R., Anyanwu, E., Krysa, S., Bülzebrück, H., Vogt-Moykopf, I., Arning, M., Südhoff, Th., Kliche, K. O., Wehmeier, A., Schneider, W., Arnold, R., Bunjes, D., Hertenstein, B., Hueske, D., Stefanic, M., Theobald, M., Wiesneth, M., Heimpel, H., Waldmann, H., Arseniev, L., Bokemeyer, C., Andres, J., Könneke, A., Papageorgiou, E., Kleine, H. -D., Battmer, K., Südmeyer, I., Zaki, M., Schmoll, H. -J., Stangel, W., Poliwoda, H., Link, H., Aul, C., Runde, V., Heyll, A., Germing, U., Gattermann, N., Ebert, A., Feinendegen, L. E., Huhn, D., Bergmann, L., Dönner, H., Hartlapp, J. H., Kreiter, H., Schuhmacher, K., Schalk T., Sparwasser C., Peschel U., Fraaß C. Huber, HIadik, F., Kolbe, K., Irschick, E., Bajko, G., Wozny, T., Hansz, J., Bares, R., Buell, U., Baumann, I., Harms, H., Kuse, R., Wilms, K., Müller-Hermelink, H. K., Baurmann, H., Cherif, D., Berger, R., Becker, K., Zeller, W., Helmchen, U., Hossfeld, D. K., Bentrup, I., Plusczyk, T., Kemkes-Matthes, B., Matthes, K., Bentz, M., Speicher, M., Schröder, M., Moos, M., Döhner, H., Lichter, P., Stilgenbauer, S., Korfel, A., Harnoss, B. -M., Boese-Landgraf, J., May, E., Kreuser, E. -D., Thiel, E., Karacas, T., Jahn, B., Lautenschläger, G., Szepes, S., Fenchel, K., Mitrou, P. S., Hoelzer, D., Heil, G., Lengfelder, E., Puzicha, E., Martin, H., Beyer, J., Kleiner, S., Strohscheer, I., Schwerdtfeger, R., Schwella, N., Schmidt-Wolf, I., Siegert, W., Weyer, C., arzen, G., Risse, G., Miksits, K., Farshidfar, G., Birken, R., Schilling, C. v., Brugger, W., Holldack, J., Mertelsmann, R., Kanz, L., Blanz, J., Mewes, K., Ehninger, G., Zeller, K. -P., Böhme. A., Just G., Bergmann. L., Shah P., Hoelzer D., Stille W., Bohlen, H., Hopff, T., Kapp, U., Wolf, J., Engert, A., Diehl, V., Tesch, H., Schrader, A., van Rhee, J., Köhne-Wömpner, H., Bokemeyer', C., Gonnermann, D., Harstrick, A., Schöffski, P., van Rhee, J., Schuppert, F., Freund, M., Boos, J., Göring, M., Blaschke, G., Borstel, A., Franke, A., Hüller, G., Uhle, R., Weise, W., Brach, Marion A., Gruss, Hans-Jürgen, Herrmann, Friedhelm, deVos, Sven, Brennscheidt, Ulrich, Riedel, Detlev, Klch, Walter, Bonlfer, Renate, Mertelsmann, Roland, Brieaer, J., Appelhans, H., Brückner, S., Siemens, HJ., Wagner, T., Moecklin, W., Mertelsmann, R., Bertz, H., Hecht, T., Mertelsmann, R., Bühl, K., Eichelbaum, M. G., Ladda, E., Schumacher, K., Weimer, A., Bühling, F., Kunz, D., Lendeckel, U., Reinhold, D., Ulmer, A. J., Flad, H. -D., Ansorge, S., Bühring, Hans-Jörg, Broudy¶, Virginia C., Ashman§, Leonie K., Burk, M., Kunecke, H., Dumont, C., Meckenstock, G., Volmer, M., Bucher, M., Manegold, C., Krenpien, B., Fischer, J. R., Drings, P., Bückner, U., Donhuijsen-Ant, R., Eberhardt, B., Westerhausen, M., Busch, F. W., Jaschonek, K., Steinke, B., Calavrezos, A., Hausmann, K., Solbach, M., Woitowitz, H. -P., Hilierdal, G., Heilmann, H. -P., Chen, Z. J., Frickhofen, N., Ellbrück, D., Schwarz, T. F., Körner, K., Wiest, C., Kubanek, B., Seifried, E., Claudé, R., Brücher, J., Clemens, M. R., Bublitz, K., Bieger, O., Schmid, B., Clemetson, K. J., Clemm, Ch., Bamberg, M., Gerl, A., Weißbach, L., Danhauser-Riedl, S., Schick, H. D., Bender, R., Reuter, M., Dietzfelbinger, H., Rastetter, J., Hanauske, A. -R., Decker, Hans-Jochen, Klauck, Sabine, Seizinger, Bernd, Denfeld, Ralf, Pohl, Christoph, Renner, Christoph, Hombach, Andreas, Jung, Wolfram, Schwonzen, Martin, Pfreundschuh, Michael, Derigs, H. Günter, Boswell, H. Scott, Kühn, D., Zafferani, M., Ehrhardt, R., Fischer, K., Schmitt, M., Witt, B., Ho, A. D., Haas, R., Hunstein, W., Dölken, G., Finke, J., Lange, W., Held, M., Schalipp, E., Fauser, A. A., Mertelsmann, R., Donhuijsen, K., Nabavi, D., Leder, L. D., Haedicke, Ch., Freund, H., Hattenberger, S., Dreger, Peter, Grelle, Karen, Schmitz, Norbert, Suttorp, Meinolf, Müller-Ruchholtz, Wolfgang, Löffler, Helmut, Dumoulin, F. L., Jakschies, D., Walther, M., Hunger, P., Deicher, H., von Wussow, P., Dutcher, J. P., Ebell, W., Bender-Götze, C., Bettoni, C., Niethammer, D., Reiter, A., Sauter, S., Schrappe, M., Riehm, H., Niederle, N., Heidersdorf, H., Müller, M. R., Mengelkoch, B., Vanhoefer, U., Stahl, M., Budach, V., loehren, B., Alberti, W., Nowrousian, M. R., Seeber, S., Wilke, H., Stamatis, G., Greschuchna, D., Sack, H., Konietzko, N., Krause, B., Dopfer, R., Schmidt, H., Einsele, H., Müller, C. A., Goldmann, S. F., Grosse-Wilde, H., Waller, H. D., Libal, B., Hohaus, S., Gericke, G., von Eiff, M., Oehme, A., Roth, B., van de Loo, J., von Eiff, K., Pötter, R., Weiß, H., Suhr, B., Koch, P., Roos, H., van de Loo, J., Meuter, V., Heissig, B., Schick, F., Duda, S., Saal, J. G., Klein, R., Steidle, M., Eisner, S., Ganser, A., Seipelt, G., Leonhardt, M., Engelhard, M., Brittinger, G., Gerhartz, H., Meusers, P., Aydemir, Ü., Tintrup, W., Tiemann, H., Lennert, K., Esser, B., Hirsch, F. W., Evers, C., Riess, H., Lübbe, A., Greil, R., Köchling, A., Digel, D., Bross, K. J., Dölken, G., Mertelsmann, R., Gencic S., Ostermann, M., Baum, R. P., Fiebig, H. H., Berger, D. P., Dengler, W. A., Winterhalter, B. R., Hendriks, H., Schwartsmann, G., Pinedo, H. M., Ternes, P., Mertelsmann, R., Dölken, G., Fischbach, W., Zidianakis, Z., Lüke, G., Kirchner, Th., Mössner, J., Fischer, Thomas, Haque, Saikh J., Kumar, Aseem, Rutherford, Michael N., Williams, Bryan R. G., Flohr, T., Decker, T., Thews, A., Hild, F., Dohmen, M., von Wussow, P., Grote-Metke, A., Otremba, B., Fonatsch, C., Binder, T., Imhof, C., Feller, A. C., Fruehauf, S., Moehle, R., Hiddemann Th., Büchner M. Unterhalt, Wörmann, B., Ottmann, O. G., Verbeek, G. W., Seipelt A. Maurer, Geissler, G., Schardt, C., Reutzel, R., Hiddemann, W., Maurer, A., Hess, U., Lindemann, A., Frisch, J., Schulz, G., Mertelsmann, R., Hoelzer, P., Gassmann, W., Sperling, C., Uharek, L., Becher, R., Weh, H. J., Tirier, C., Hagemann, F. G., Fuhr, H. G., Wandt, H., Sauerland, M. C., Gause, A., Spickermann, D., Klein, S., Pfreund-schuh, M., Gebauer, W., Fallgren-Gebauer, E., Geissler, R. G., Mentzel, U., Kleiner, K., Rossol, R., Guba, P., Kojouharoff, G., Gerdau, St., Körholz, D., Klein-Vehne, A., Burdach, St., Gerdemann M., Maurer J., Gerhartz, H. H., Schmetzer, H., Mayer, P., Clemm, C., Hentrich, M., Hartenstein, R., Kohl, P., Gieseler, F., Boege, F., Enttmann, R., Meyer, P., Glass, B., Zeis, M., Loeffler, H., Mueller-Ruchholtz, W., Görg, C., Schwerk, W. B., Köppler, H., Havemann, K., Goldschmitt, J., Goldschmidt, H., Nicolai, M., Richter, Th., Blau, W., Hahn, U., Kappe, R., Leithäuser, F., Gottstein, Claudia, Schön, Gisela, Dünnebacke, Markus, Berthold, Frank, Gramatzki, M., Eger, G., Geiger, M., Burger, R., Zölch, A., Bair, H. J., Becker, W., Griesinger, F., Elfers, H., Griesser, H., Grundner-Culemann, E., Neubauer, V., Fricke, D., Shalitin, C., Benter, T., Mertelsmann, R., Dölken, Gottfried, Mertelsmann, Roland, Günther, W., Schunmm, M., Rieber, P., Thierfelder, S., Gunsilius, E., Kirstein, O., Bommer, M., Serve, H., Hülser, P. -J., Del Valle F., Fischer J. Th., Huberts H., Kaplan E., Haase, D., Halbmayer, W. -M., Feichtinger, Ch., Rubi, K., Fischer, M., Hallek, M., Lepislo, E. M., Griffin, J. D., Emst, T. J., Druker, B., Eder, M., Okuda, K., D.Griffin, J., Kozłowska-Skrzypczak, K., Meyer, B., Reile, D., Scharnofske, M., Hapke, G., Aulenbacher, P., Havemann, K., Becker, N., Scheller, S., Zugmaier, G., Pralle, H., Wahrendorf, J., Heide, Immo, Thiede, Christian, de Kant, Eric, Neubauer, Andreas, Herrmann, Richard, Rochlitz, Christoph, Heiden, B., Depenbrock, H., Block, T., Vogelsang, H., Schneider, P., Fellbaum, Ch., Heidtmann, H. -H., Blings, B., Havemann, K., Fackler-Schwalbe, E., Schlimok, G., Lösch, A., Queißer, W., Löffler, B., Kurrle, E., Chadid, L., Lindemann, A., Mertelsmann, R., Nicolay, U., Gaus, W., Heinemann, V., Jehn, U., Gleixner, B., Wachholz, W., Scholz, P., Plunkett, W., Heinze, B., Novotny, J., Hess, Georg, Gamm, Heinold, Seliger, Barbara, Heuft, H. G., Oettle, H., Zeiler, T., Eckstein, R., Heymanns, J., Havemann, K., Hladik, F., Hoang-Vu, C., Horn, R., Cetin, Y., Scheumann, G., Dralle, H., Köhrle, J., von zur Mühlen, A., Brabant, G., Hochhaus, A., Mende, S., Simon, M., Fonatsch, Ch., Heinze, B., Georgii, A., Hötzl, Ch., Hintermeier-Knabe, R., Kempeni, J., Kaul, M., Hoetzl, Ch., Clemm, Ch., Lauter, H., Hoffknecht, M. M., Eckardt, N., Hoffmann-Fezer, G., Gall, C., Kranz, B., Zengerle, U., Pfoersich, M., Birkenstock, U., Pittenann, E., Heinz, B., Hosten, N., Schörner, W., Kirsch, A., Neumann, K., Felix, R., Humpe, A., Kiss, T., Trümper, L. H., Messner, H. A., Hundt, M., Zielinska-Skowronek, M., Schubert, J., Schmidt, R. E., Huss, R., Storb, R., Deeg, H. J., Issels, R. D., Bosse, D., Abdel-Rahman, S., Jaeger, M., Söhngen, D., Weidmann, E., Schwulera, U., Jakab, I., Fodor, F., Pecze, K., Jaques, G., Schöneberger, H. -J., Wegmann, B., Grüber, A., Bust, K., Pflüger, K. -H., Havemann, K., Faul, C., Wannke, B., Scheurlen, M., Kirchner, M., Dahl, G., Schmits, R., Fohl, C., Kaiser, U., Tuohimaa, P., Wollmer, E., Aumüller, G., Havemann, K., Kolbabek, H., Schölten, C., Popov-Kraupp, B., Emminger, W., Hummel, M., Pawlita, M., v.Kalle, C., Dallenbach, F., Stein, H., Krueger, G. R. F., Müller-Lantzsch, N., Kath, R., Höffken, K., Horn, G., Brockmann, P., Keilholz, U., Stoelben, E., Scheibenbogen, C., Manasterski, M., Tilgen, W., Schlag, P., Görich, J., Kauffmann, G. W., Kempter, B., Rüth, S., Lohse, P., Khalil, R. M., Hültner, L., Mailhammer, R., Luz, A., Hasslinger, M. -A., Omran, S., Dörmer, P., Kienast, J., Kister, K. P., Seifarth, W., Klaassen, U., Werk, S., Reiter, W. W., Klein, G., Beck-Gessert, S., Timpl, R., Hinrichs, H., Lux, E., Döring, G., Scheinichen, D., Döring, G., Wernet, P., Vogeley, K. T., Richartz, G., Südhoff, T., Horstkotte, D., Klocker, J., Trotsenburg, M. v., Schumer, J., Kanatschnig, M., Henning, K., Knauf, W. U., Pottgießer, E., Raghavachar, A., Zeigmeister, B., Bollow, M., Schilling, A., König, H., Koch, M., Volkenandt, M., Seger, Andrea, Banerjee, D., Vogel, J., Bierhoff, E., Heidi, G., Neyses, L., Bertino, J., Kocki, J., Rozynkowa, D. M., M.Rupniewska, Z., Wojcierowski, J., König, V., Hopf, U., Koenigsmann, M., Streit, M., Koeppen, K. M., Martini, I., Poppy, U., Hardel, M., Havemann, K., Havemann, K., Clemm, Ch., Wendt, Th., Gauss, J., Kreienberg, R., Hohenfellner, R., Krieger, O., Istvan, L., Komarnicki, M., Kazmierczak, M., Haertle, D., Korossy, P., Haus, S. Kotlarek, Gabryś, K., Kuliszkiewicz-Janus, M., Krauter, J., Westphal, C., Werner, K., Lang, P., Preissner, K. T., Völler, H., Schröder, K., Uhrig, A., Behles, Ch., Seibt-Jung, H., Besserer, A., Kreutzmann, H., Kröning, H., Kähne, T., Eßbach, U., Kühne, W., Krüger, W. H., Krause, K., Nowicki, B., Stockschläder, M., Peters, S. O., Zander, A. R., Kurowski, V., Schüler, C., Höher, D., Montenarh, M., Lang, W., Schweiger, H., Dölken, Gottfried, Lege, H., Dölken, G., Wex, Th., Frank, K., Hastka, J., Bohrer, M., Leo, R., Peest, D., Tschechne, B., Atzpodien, J., Kirchner, H., Hein, R., Hoffmann, L., Stauch, M., Franks, C. R., Palmer, P. A., Licht, T., Mertelsmann, R., Liersch, T., Vehmeyer, K., Kaboth, U., Maschmeyer, G., Meyer, P., Helmerking, M., Schmitt, J., Adam, D., Prahst, A., Hübner, G., Meisner, M., Seifert, M., Richard, D., Yver, A., Spiekermann, K., Brinkmann, L., Battmer, K., Krainer, M., Löffel, J., Stahl, H., Wust, P., Lübbert, M., Schottelius, A., Mertelsmann, R., Henschler, R., Mertelsmann, R., Mapara, M. Y., Bargou, R., Zugck, C., Krammer, P. 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1992
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9. Physicians' guideline adherence is associated with long-term heart failure mortality in outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the QUALIFY international registry

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Komajda, M. Schöpe, J. Wagenpfeil, S. Tavazzi, L. Böhm, M. Ponikowski, P. Anker, S.D. Filippatos, G.S. Cowie, M.R. Aleksanyan, A. Atayan, L. Avetisyan, A. Davtyan, N. Drambyan, M. Gevorgyan, K. Grigoryan, M. Hakobyan, Z. Hayrapetyan, H. Kocharyan, L. Kramarevskaya, T. Melqonyan, A. Muradyan, F. Nanyan, R. Ordyan, A. Ordyan, M. Piruzyan, A. Podosyan, G. Safaryan, K. Sargsyan, T. Sarkisyan, A. Sisakyan, H. Ter-Grigoryan, V. Ustyan, T. Alexopoulos, C. Amerena, J. Arstall, M. Ayres, B. Barron, G. Beltrame, J. Bou-Samra, J. Brown, M. Cross, D. Dwyer, N. Eccleston, N. Hare, D. Ho, B. Hopper, I. Jackson, B. Korczyk, D. Lattimore, J.D. Levendel, A. Macfadyen, R. Pandeli, V. Playford, D. Richardson, M. Senior, J.A. Shah, A. Shetty, P. Soward, A. Srivastava, P. Swale, M. Vogl, E. Wai, B. William, M. Worthington, A. Wright, S. Brunner, B. Fuhrmann, W. Horer, L. Maca, T. Nahler, A. Ortner, H. Racz, G. Scheibner, P. Sebald, C. Abdullayev, A. Abdullayev, R. Ahmadov, A. Alakbarov, E. Aliyev, F. Aliyev, F. Bakhshaliyev, A. Bakhshiyev, M. Dadashova, G. Dashdamirov, R. Faradjova, N. Guliyev, A. Guliyev, F. Guliyeva, S. Hajiyev, G. Ibrahimov, F. Imanov, G. Isayeva, A. Isayeva, M. Jabrailova, U. Jafarov, R. Jahangirov, T. Khalilov, A. Khalilov, S. Mehdiyev, S. Najafov, R. Samedova, H. Shahhuseynov, S. Yusifly, R. Yusifov, T. Zahidova, K. Zeynalov, A. Abdullatif, A. Al-Banna, R. Haiky, W. Husain, A. Jamsheer, A. Barbuk, O. Belskaya, M. Borodko, V. Kurlianskaya, A. Mackevich, S. Mankevich, N. Moroz-Vodolazhskaya, N. Ravtovich, O. Saevich, A. Troyanova, T. Chughtai, A. Johar, S. Luqman, N. Nair, T.C.-R. Deyoung, P. Ezekowitz, J. Frenette, M. Howlett, J. Huynh, T. Nguyen, V. Toma, M. Orenstein, T. Rinne, M.R.C. Virani, S. Zieroth, S. Ailiman, M. Cong, H. Ding, W. Dong, W. Dong, Y. Gao, C. Li, L. Li, Z. Liang, Y. Liu, X. Liu, S. Luo, S. Shi, H. Tian, Q. Wang, D. Wang, J. Wei, M. Wu, C. Xu, D. Yang, X. Yang, Z. Zhang, C. Zhang, Q. Zhang, Y. Zhang, R. Zheng, Y. Zhao, L. Zhou, J. 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Lorch, G. Lüer, C. Müller, K. Placke, J. Plesch, B. Potolidis, L. Richter, F. Rieker, W.A. Schlichting, J. Stenzel, G. Theuer, J.D. Marcin, A. Warkentin, R. Wegner, M. Wilke, A. Agrafiotis, I. Aleksandridis, I. Farmakis, D. Giannakoulas, G. Karavidas, A. Lamprou, A. Ninios, V. Panagiotopoulos, K. Papadopoulos, K. Siachos, S. Dékány, M. Borbéy, A. Borsányi, T. Forster, T. Gavallér, H. Gyuricza, I. Heltai, K. Herczeg, B. HŐgye, M. Losonczi, I. Merkely, B. Metz, E. Muk, B. Nagy, K. Ökrös, M. Piry, K. Poós, G. Sárszegi, Z. Somogyi, T. Sziliczei-Németh, E. Tátrai, T. Zima, E. Zsigmond, A. Daly, C. Mahon, N. Meany, B. Abbdi, I. Awaysheh, R. Azouka, M. Hamoudeh, S. Nammas, A. Okkeh, O. Aimakova, G. Ismagulova, Z. Issabekova, A. Junusbekova, G.A. Koshumbayeva, K. Madaliyev, K. Mekebekova, D. Mukatova, A. Ospanova, G. Sadvakassova, G. Sunkarbekova, Z. Yegorova, Y. Zhangelova, S. Kim, K.H. Al-Mutairi, M. Gaber, Y. Ghali, I. Ghanem, A. Hafez, H. Haiba, M. Koushy, T. Mahmoud, A. Raafat, G. Sallam, M. Senousi, O. Soliman, M. Massih, T.A. Ali, S.A. Jaoude, S.A. Azzi, N. Badaoui, G. Bayeh, H. Beydoun, A. Chammas, E. Dib, H. Gebran, M. Ghanem, G. Haidar, H. Hamadeh, M. Hamoui, O. Hobeika, R. Jazra, C. Kabbani, S. Kadri, Z. Karanaminassian, R. Kassab, R. Kleit, M. Mansour, H. Mousallem, N. Semaan, C. Simonian, A. Sarkis, A. Succar, S. Zalloum, R. Zind, R. Anusauskiene, J. Grigaliuniene, A. Karaliute, R. Kavoliuniene, A. Kozlovaite, V. Miliuniene, D. Rinkuniene, D. Rudys, A. Stasaityte, D. Aziz, F.A.A. Rahim, A.A.A. Ahmad, R. Ahmadsah, S.H.K.A. Ang, C.C. Ang, S.H. Cham, Y.L. Chee, K.H. Chooi, K.C. Chu, C.M. Fam, T.L. Fong, A. Ismail, O. Ismail, J.R. Kamarulzaman, M.H. Kasim, S.S. Khiew, N.Z. Krishnan, C. Krishinan, S. Lau, G. Lee, L.Y. Liew, H.B. Lim, C.W. Mahendran, K. Dass, R.D.M. Mohamad, R. Arshad, M.K.M. Unit, H.M. Mustapha, Z. Ng, W.K. Ong, T.K. Oon, Y.Y. Ramli, A.W. Ramanathan, G.R.L. Ross, N.T. Said, A. Sarwar, M. Tan, E. Tan, S.K. Voon, C.Y. Yusoff, M.R. 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Marques, F. Ramos, M.A.N. Sargento, L.J.M. dos Santos, J.P.F. Raimundo, A. da Luz Ventosa, A.M.S. Sarmento, P. Aguiar, C.M.T. Ahmed, E. Al-Suwaidi, J. Al Dabdoob, W. Badr, A. Gomaa, M. Albu, M. Antohi, I. Apavaloaei, C. Ardelean, A. Badea, G. Bicescu, G. Blaj, C. Bogdan, L. Bucatanschi, M. Buzea, A. Calarasu, V. Catinean, S. Christodorescu, R. Cocoi, D. Costache, L. Cretu, D. Crisu, D. Dima-Cozma, C. Dumitrescu, S. Enache, V. Firastrau, V. Frigy, A. Gherghina, A. Girbea, S. Gutu, A. Horovitz, M. Hortopan, G. Istratoaie, O. Jianu, C. Jinga, L. Lighezan, D. Luka, A. Magheru, S. Mercea, D. Miklos, K. Moga, R. Oprea, N. Paraschiv, D.M. Pop, D. Rusu, R. Sirbu, I. Socoteanu, E. Stanciulescu, G. Suteu, A. Tetiu, O. Traistaru, A. Tudoran, M. Turiceanu, M.C. Viinkler, L. Adonina, E. Akinina, S. Alferov, P. Arkhipov, M. Aroutunov, G. Babkin, A. Barbashina, T. Bochkareva, J. Boldueva, S. Bukhonkina, J. Chumakova, S.G. Fayans, I. Furmenko, G. Galyavich, A. Grinstein, Y. Klein, G. Kastanayan, A. Kazachkova, T. Korolev, S. Koshelskaya, O. Kosmacheva, E. Koziolova, N. Kuimov, A. Kushnarenko, N. Lebedev, P. Matushin, G. Mineeva, E. Motylev, I. Nedbaykin, A. Nevzorova, V. Rachkova, S. Rebrov, A. Reznik, I. Saiganov, S. Sayfutdinov, R. Schekotov, V. Serdechnaya, E. Shalaev, S. Shtegman, O. Sitnikova, M. Smolenskaya, O. Sulimov, V. Tarlovskaya, E. Temnikova, E. Timonin, D. Tolstov, S. Uskatch, T. Ustyuzhanin, V. Valeeva, R. Vasyuk, Y. Viktorova, I. Yakushin, S. Zadionchenko, V. Zateischikov, D. Zhirov, I. Bollová, D. Dulková, K. Fazekaš, F. Hermel, I. KŇazeje, M. NedĚĽová, I. Nociar, J. Procházka, L. Pundová, L. Slanina, M. Varga, I. Almenar, L. Beltrán, P. Cobo, M. Delgado, J. Enjuanes, C. Garrido, I. Gómez, M.A. Manito, N. Marzal, D. Murga, N. Ocampo, M. Pérez, J. Sánchez, I. Buakhamsri, A. Leemasawat, K. Kanoksilp, A. Kiatchoosakun, S. Phrommintikul, A. Porapakkham, P. Rodprasert, S. Senthong, V. Wongcharoen, W. Wongwantanee, S. Bahadir, H. Emül, A. Gokce, M. Gurcagan, A. Kaya, O.K. Keser, A. Pinar, P. Taș, M.H. Tosun, H.B. Yazlar, A.S. Yilmaz, S. Yuksel, Y. Bagriy, A. Ivchyna, N. Lyashenko, A. Matviychuk, N. Shchukina, O. Tkach, N. Tseluyko, V. Vasylieva, L. Abdallah, A. Agrawal, A. Basleeb, F. Bazargani, N. Hatou, E. Al Kaddour, A.R. Al Kasser, M. Al Mulla, A. Radaideh, G. Salustri, A. on behalf of the QUALIFY Investigators

Abstract

Background: Physicians' adherence to guideline-recommended therapy is associated with short-term clinical outcomes in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, its impact on longer-term outcomes is poorly documented. Here, we present results from the 18-month follow-up of the QUALIFY registry. Methods and results: Data at 18 months were available for 6118 ambulatory HFrEF patients from this international prospective observational survey. Adherence was measured as a continuous variable, ranging from 0 to 1, and was assessed for five classes of recommended HF medications and dosages. Most deaths were cardiovascular (CV) (228/394) and HF-related (191/394) and the same was true for unplanned hospitalizations (1175 CV and 861 HF-related hospitalizations, out of a total of 1541). According to univariable analysis, CV and HF deaths were significantly associated with physician adherence to guidelines. In multivariable analysis, HF death was associated with adherence level [subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) 0.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87–0.99 per 0.1 unit adherence level increase; P = 0.034] as was composite of HF hospitalization or CV death (SHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94–0.99 per 0.1 unit adherence level increase; P = 0.043), whereas unplanned all-cause, CV or HF hospitalizations were not (all-cause: SHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.9–1.02; CV: SHR 0.98, 95% CI 0.96–1.01; and HF: SHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.96–1.02 per 0.1 unit change in adherence score; P = 0.52, P = 0.2, and P = 0.4, respectively). Conclusion: These results suggest that physicians' adherence to guideline-recommended HF therapies is associated with improved outcomes in HFrEF. Practical strategies should be established to improve physicians' adherence to guidelines. © 2019 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure © 2019 European Society of Cardiology

Published
2019

12. Physicians' guideline adherence is associated with long-term heart failure mortality in outpatients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the QUALIFY international registry

Author

Komajda, M, Schöpe, J, Wagenpfeil, S, Tavazzi, L, Böhm, M, Ponikowski, P, Anker, SD, Filippatos, GS, Cowie, MR, Aleksanyan, A, Atayan, L, Avetisyan, A, Davtyan, N, Drambyan, M, Gevorgyan, K, Grigoryan, M, Hakobyan, Z, Hayrapetyan, H, Kocharyan, L, Kramarevskaya, T, Melqonyan, A, Muradyan, F, Nanyan, R, Ordyan, A, Ordyan, M, Piruzyan, A, Podosyan, G, Safaryan, K, Sargsyan, T, Sarkisyan, A, Sisakyan, H, Ter-Grigoryan, V, Ustyan, T, Alexopoulos, C, Amerena, John, Arstall, M, Ayres, B, Barron, G, Beltrame, J, Bou-Samra, J, Brown, M, Cross, D, Dwyer, N, Eccleston, N, Hare, D, Ho, B, Hopper, I, Jackson, B, Korczyk, D, Lattimore, JD, Levendel, A, Macfadyen, R, Pandeli, V, Playford, D, Richardson, M, Senior, JA, Shah, A, Shetty, P, Soward, A, Srivastava, P, Swale, M, Vogl, E, Wai, B, William, M, Worthington, A, Wright, S, Brunner, B, Fuhrmann, W, Horer, L, Maca, T, Nahler, A, Ortner, H, Racz, G, Scheibner, P, Sebald, C, Abdullayev, A, Abdullayev, R, Ahmadov, A, Alakbarov, E, Aliyev, F, Bakhshaliyev, A, Bakhshiyev, M, Dadashova, G, Dashdamirov, R, Faradjova, N, Guliyev, A, Guliyev, F, Guliyeva, S, Hajiyev, G, Ibrahimov, F, Imanov, G, Isayeva, A, Isayeva, M, Jabrailova, U, Jafarov, R, Jahangirov, T, Khalilov, A, Khalilov, S, Mehdiyev, S, Komajda, M, Schöpe, J, Wagenpfeil, S, Tavazzi, L, Böhm, M, Ponikowski, P, Anker, SD, Filippatos, GS, Cowie, MR, Aleksanyan, A, Atayan, L, Avetisyan, A, Davtyan, N, Drambyan, M, Gevorgyan, K, Grigoryan, M, Hakobyan, Z, Hayrapetyan, H, Kocharyan, L, Kramarevskaya, T, Melqonyan, A, Muradyan, F, Nanyan, R, Ordyan, A, Ordyan, M, Piruzyan, A, Podosyan, G, Safaryan, K, Sargsyan, T, Sarkisyan, A, Sisakyan, H, Ter-Grigoryan, V, Ustyan, T, Alexopoulos, C, Amerena, John, Arstall, M, Ayres, B, Barron, G, Beltrame, J, Bou-Samra, J, Brown, M, Cross, D, Dwyer, N, Eccleston, N, Hare, D, Ho, B, Hopper, I, Jackson, B, Korczyk, D, Lattimore, JD, Levendel, A, Macfadyen, R, Pandeli, V, Playford, D, Richardson, M, Senior, JA, Shah, A, Shetty, P, Soward, A, Srivastava, P, Swale, M, Vogl, E, Wai, B, William, M, Worthington, A, Wright, S, Brunner, B, Fuhrmann, W, Horer, L, Maca, T, Nahler, A, Ortner, H, Racz, G, Scheibner, P, Sebald, C, Abdullayev, A, Abdullayev, R, Ahmadov, A, Alakbarov, E, Aliyev, F, Bakhshaliyev, A, Bakhshiyev, M, Dadashova, G, Dashdamirov, R, Faradjova, N, Guliyev, A, Guliyev, F, Guliyeva, S, Hajiyev, G, Ibrahimov, F, Imanov, G, Isayeva, A, Isayeva, M, Jabrailova, U, Jafarov, R, Jahangirov, T, Khalilov, A, Khalilov, S, and Mehdiyev, S

Published
2019

27. Effect of nimothpine on ocular blood How and colour in patients with normal tension glaucoma.

Author

Luksch, W. A., Rainer, G., Koyuncu, D., Ehrlich, P., Maca, T., Gschwandiner, M. E., Vass, C., and Schmelterer, L.

Subjects
GLAUCOMA, NIMODIPINE, VASODILATORS, HEMODYNAMICS, BLOOD circulation, PLACEBOS
Abstract

Aim: To investigate the effects of oral nimodipine on ocular haemodynamic parameters and colour contrast sensitivity in patients with normal tension glaucoma (NTG). Design: The study was performed in a randomised, placebo controlled, double masked, crossover design. Participants: Nimodipine (60 mg) or placebo was administered to 14 consecutive NTG patients. Methods: The effects or oral nimodipine or placebo on ocular and systemic hoemodynamic parameters and colour contrast sensitivity along the titan axis were studied two hours after administration. Optic nerve head blood flow (ONHBF) and choroidal blood flow (CHBF) were assessed with laser Doppler flowmetry. Ocular fundus pulsation amplitude (WA) was measured with laser interferometry. Colour contrast sensitivity (CCS) was determined along the triton colour axis. Mali outcome measures: ONHBF, CHBF, FPA, intraocular pressure and CCS were assessed in patients wilts NTG. Results: Mean ocular FPA increased by 14% (SD 14%) (p=0.0008), ONHBF by 18% (SD 16%) (p=0.0031), and CHBF by 12% (SD 14%) (p<0.001) after administration of nimodipine. Nimodipine also decreased the threshold of colour contrast sensitivity along the triton colour axis (-14% (SD 12%); p =0.048). However, individual changes in FPA, ONHBF, or CHBF were not correlated with changes in threshold of CCS along the triton colour axis. Conclusions: The results indicate that nimodipine increases ONH and choroidal blood flow in NTG patients and improves CCS. The latter effect does not, however, seem to be a direct consequence of the blood Row improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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34. Infrared thermography for control of hemodialysis shunts

Author

Maca, T., primary, Schmaldienst, S., additional, Atteneder, M., additional, Fasching, S., additional, Horl, W.H., additional, Katzenschlager, R., additional, Knespel, E., additional, Koppensteiner, I., additional, Koppensteiner, R., additional, Ugurluoglu, A., additional, Willfort, A., additional, and Ehringer, H., additional

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36. Simulation of bempedoic acid and ezetimibe in the lipid-lowering treatment pathway in Austria using the contemporary SANTORINI cohort of high and very high risk patients.

Author

Toplak H, Bilitou A, Alber H, Auer J, Clodi M, Ebenbichler C, Fließer-Görzer E, Gelsinger C, Hanusch U, Ludvik B, Maca T, Schober A, Sock R, Speidl WS, Stulnig TM, Weitgasser R, Zirlik A, Koch M, Wienerroither S, Wolowacz SE, Diamand F, and Catapano AL

Subjects
Humans, Ezetimibe therapeutic use, Austria, Fatty Acids adverse effects, Cholesterol, LDL, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors therapeutic use, Anticholesteremic Agents therapeutic use
Abstract

Objective: The low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals in the 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society dyslipidaemia guidelines necessitate greater use of combination therapies. We describe a real-world cohort of patients in Austria and simulate the addition of oral bempedoic acid and ezetimibe to estimate the proportion of patients reaching goals., Methods: Patients at high or very high cardiovascular risk on lipid-lowering treatments (excluding proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors) from the Austrian cohort of the observational SANTORINI study were included using specific criteria. For patients not at their risk-based goals at baseline, addition of ezetimibe (if not already received) and subsequently bempedoic acid was simulated using a Monte Carlo simulation., Results: A cohort of patients (N = 144) with a mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of 76.4 mg/dL, with 94% (n = 135) on statins and 24% (n = 35) on ezetimibe monotherapy or in combination, were used in the simulation. Only 36% of patients were at goal (n = 52). Sequential simulation of ezetimibe (where applicable) and bempedoic acid increased the proportion of patients at goal to 69% (n = 100), with a decrease in the mean low-density lipoprotein cholesterol from 76.4 mg/dL at baseline to 57.7 mg/dL overall., Conclusions: The SANTORINI real-world data in Austria suggest that a proportion of high and very high-risk patients remain below the guideline-recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals. Optimising use of oral ezetimibe and bempedoic acid after statins in the lipid-lowering pathway could result in substantially more patients attaining low-density lipoprotein cholesterol goals, likely with additional health benefits., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Published
2023
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37. Simvastatin reduces serum level of vascular endothelial growth factor in hypercholesterolemic patients.

Author

Giurgea AG, Margeta C, Maca T, Rezaie-Majd A, Bucek RA, Manavi M, Afarideh R, Minar E, and Baghestanian M

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Chemokines blood, Cytokines blood, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia blood, Interleukin-6 antagonists & inhibitors, Lipids blood, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular drug effects, Muscle, Smooth, Vascular metabolism, RNA, Messenger analysis, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A genetics, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors pharmacology, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Simvastatin pharmacology, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A blood
Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor plays a pivotal role in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and causes instability of atherosclerotic plaques by inducing neoangiogenesis inside the current plaque. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL-) 6 induces vascular endothelial growth factor in smooth muscle cells (SMC). HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), display beside their lipid-lowering potency various pleiotropic effects. Such pleiotropic effects include improvement of endothelial dysfunction, increased nitric oxide bioavailability, antioxidant properties, inhibition of inflammatory responses, and stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques. In this study we investigate the influence of statin treatment on the serum levels of VEGF in hypercholesterolemic patients. One hundred and seven hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with 20 (n = 52) or 40 mg (n = 55) simvastatin daily. Six weeks of treatment resulted in a significant decrease of VEGF from 1017.1 +/- 297.8 pg/mL at baseline to 543.5 +/- 317.4 pg/mL after 6 weeks (-47.7%) and to 211.8 +/- 155.3 pg/mL after 6 months (-79.7%; all P < 0.001). IL-6 induced the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human SMC as analyzed by rt-PCR and flow cytometry. Statins decreased the stimulatory effect of IL-6 on mRNA and protein levels. This effect could be inhibited by co-incubation with mevalonate acid. This study contributes in understanding the pleiotropic effects of statins particularly with regard to their use in treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease.

Published
2006
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38. Insulin, C-peptide, and restenosis after femoral artery balloon angioplasty in type II diabetic and nondiabetic patients.

Author

Maca T, Schillinger M, Hamwi A, Mlekusch W, Sabeti S, Wagner O, and Minar E

Subjects
Aged, Arterial Occlusive Diseases blood, Cohort Studies, Diabetic Angiopathies blood, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Ultrasonography, Angioplasty, Balloon, Arterial Occlusive Diseases therapy, C-Peptide blood, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood, Diabetic Angiopathies therapy, Femoral Artery diagnostic imaging, Insulin blood
Abstract

Purpose: Endogenous and exogenous insulin is suggested to stimulate hypertrophic wound-healing responses and therefore may promote neointimal hyperplasia and restenosis after balloon angioplasty. The ratio of C-peptide to insulin reflects endogenous insulin secretion. In diabetic patients with insulin substitution, lower ratios display a higher proportion of exogenous insulin. The association and interaction of insulin and C-peptide with restenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) was investigated in type II diabetic and nondiabetic patients., Materials and Methods: The study group included 76 patients (median age, 68 years; interquartile range [IQR], 58-74 years; 55 men [72%]; 31 patients [41%] with type II diabetes) with intermittent claudication (n = 49; 64%) or critical limb ischemia (n = 27; 36%) who underwent primary successful femoral PTA. C-peptide and insulin levels were measured at baseline, and patients were followed to determine restenosis (> or =50%) at 12 months by color-coded duplex sonography., Results: Restenosis was found in 34 patients (45%) at 12 months. Patients with restenosis had higher insulin levels (median, 21.3 microU/mL IQR, 11.3-35.5 microU/mL) and a lower C-peptide/insulin ratio (median, 16; IQR, 10-21) compared with patients without restenosis (median insulin level, 11.6 microU/mL; IQR, 9.1-22.0 microU/mL [P = .008]; median ratio, 19 [IQR, 17-25], P = .039). In nondiabetic patients, insulin levels were significantly associated with restenosis (P = .046), whereas the ratio of C-peptide to insulin showed no association with restenosis. In patients with type II diabetes (n = 31; 41%), in contrast, the C-peptide/insulin ratio was associated with restenosis (P = .047), whereas insulin levels showed no significant association with restenosis (P = .14)., Conclusions: Insulin levels and the C-peptide/insulin ratio were associated with restenosis after femoral PTA. Exogenous and endogenous insulin may play a role in the pathogenesis of recurrent lumen loss after balloon angioplasty.

Published
2005
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39. Low level laser therapy for treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Author

al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Maca T, Pollanz S, and Minar E

Subjects
Adult, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Male, Mathematical Computing, Middle Aged, Outcome Assessment, Health Care statistics & numerical data, Pilot Projects, Prospective Studies, Raynaud Disease diagnosis, Thermography, Low-Level Light Therapy, Raynaud Disease radiotherapy
Abstract

Background: We recently performed a pilot study which suggested that clinical and thermographic improvements occurred in patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) following treatment with low level laser irradiation (LLLI). In view of these findings, we have proceeded with a double blind, placebo-controlled study., Methods: Forty seven patients suffering from primary or secondary RP were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to receive either 10 sessions of distant LLLI (16 f, 8 m, median age 45 years) or placebo irradiation (21 f, 2 m, median age 46 years) during winter months. The attack frequency of RP was measured by a diary count; its severity was assessed by means of visual analogue scale. Response to cold challenge test before and after LLL or placebo treatment was assessed by infrared thermography., Result: Overall a significant reduction of the frequency as well as the severity of RP in patients with either LLLI (frequency p < 0.0001, severity p < 0.0001) or placebo treatment (frequency p < 0.0001, severity p = 0.02) was found, but patients in the LLLI group exhibited a statistically more significant improvement of the frequency at 6 weeks p = 0.007 and 3 months p = 0.02 and the severity p = 0.02, p = 0.04 of RP. Thermographic response to cold challenge improved only in patients treated with LLL but not in those treated with placebo., Conclusion: LLLI significantly lowers the frequency and severity of Raynaud's attacks in patients with primary and secondary RP. Since this therapeutic modality is a safe, and non-invasive treatment, it might be considered as an alternative to existing therapeutic regimes.

Published
2004
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40. Flow monitoring: performance characteristics of ultrasound dilution versus color Doppler ultrasound compared with fistulography.

Author

Schwarz C, Mitterbauer C, Boczula M, Maca T, Funovics M, Heinze G, Lorenz M, Kovarik J, and Oberbauer R

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Angioplasty, Balloon, Arterial Occlusive Diseases diagnostic imaging, Constriction, Pathologic diagnostic imaging, Constriction, Pathologic therapy, Female, Forearm diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phlebography, Predictive Value of Tests, Prospective Studies, Single-Blind Method, Sodium Chloride, Veins diagnostic imaging, Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical, Forearm blood supply, Hemorheology methods, Indicator Dilution Techniques, Ultrasonography methods, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Vascular Patency
Abstract

Background: Measurement of access blood flow is the preferred noninvasive screening test for hemodialysis arteriovenous (AV) fistula stenosis. However, performance characteristics of the 2 most frequently used ultrasound techniques compared with fistulography remain elusive., Methods: We evaluated 59 hemodialysis patients with native forearm AV fistulae who underwent all 3 measurements in a prospective order: the ultrasound dilution technique (UDT), color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS), and fistulography. Patients with angiographically diagnosed access stenosis underwent angioplasty and were followed up by means of monthly UDT measurements until restenosis occurred within the first 6 months., Results: Both ultrasound techniques predicted access stenosis (P < 0.01). Performance was similar between both techniques, evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. Areas under the curve averaged 0.79 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.66 to 0.91) for UDT and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.94) for CDUS. Correlation between measured UDT and CDUS blood flow rates was 0.37 (Spearman's rho, rho = 0.004). The calculated optimal cutoff value for the prediction of stenosis was 465 mL/min for the UDT and 390 mL/min for the CDUS technique. Access stenosis was diagnosed in 41 patients who subsequently underwent percutaneous angioplasty (PTA), which was successful in 34 patients. Restenosis occurred in 13 patients within the first 6 months after PTA. UDT access blood flow after PTA was significantly lower in these 13 patients compared with the other 21 patients., Conclusion: Our data suggest that blood flow monitoring of AV hemodialysis access by ultrasound provides a reasonable prediction of access stenosis and restenosis.

Published
2003
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41. Simvastatin reduces the expression of adhesion molecules in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients.

Author

Rezaie-Majd A, Prager GW, Bucek RA, Schernthaner GH, Maca T, Kress HG, Valent P, Binder BR, Minar E, and Baghestanian M

Subjects
Aged, CD11 Antigens metabolism, CD18 Antigens metabolism, Cell Adhesion Molecules metabolism, Cells, Cultured, Down-Regulation drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular metabolism, Female, Humans, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 biosynthesis, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 metabolism, Lipoproteins, LDL blood, Lipoproteins, LDL drug effects, Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 biosynthesis, Male, Middle Aged, RNA, Messenger drug effects, Umbilical Veins, Cell Adhesion Molecules drug effects, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Hypercholesterolemia metabolism, Monocytes metabolism, Simvastatin administration & dosage, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha metabolism
Abstract

Objective: The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1/CD54) and its ligand, CD11a/CD18, mediate endothelial adhesion of leukocytes and their consecutive transmigration. Anti-inflammatory effects of statins are considered to be exerted in part through inhibition of leukocyte-endothelial interactions. We investigated the in vivo effects of simvastatin treatment in hypercholesterolemic patients and the influence of various statins on expression of cellular adhesion molecules in vitro., Methods and Results: A total number of 107 hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with 20 mg (n=52) or 40 mg (n=55) of simvastatin daily. After 6 weeks of treatment, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) expressed lower amounts of CD54-, CD18-, and CD11a-mRNA compared with pretreatment values. Surface expression of CD54 and CD18/CD11a on CD14+-monocytes also decreased significantly in both groups of patients. Moreover, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and cerivastatin were found to downregulate tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced expression of CD54 and CD18/CD11a in isolated PBMCs obtained from normal donors as well as TNF-alpha-dependent expression of these CAMs in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Furthermore, all three statins were found to reduce the binding of PBMCs to TNF-alpha-stimulated HUVECs in vitro., Conclusions: Statin-induced inhibition of expression of CD54 and CD18/CD11a in PBMCs and HUVECs with consecutive loss of adhesive function may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effects of these drugs and some of their beneficial clinical activities.

Published
2003
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42. Outcome of conservative medical treatment of patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Author

Mlekusch W, Schillinger M, Sabeti S, Haumer M, Maca T, Gschwandtner ME, and Minar E

Subjects
Aged, Aortic Dissection diagnosis, Aortic Dissection diagnostic imaging, Aortic Dissection surgery, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal diagnosis, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal diagnostic imaging, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal surgery, Cohort Studies, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Aortic Dissection therapy, Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal therapy
Abstract

Objective: Since non-invasive diagnostic methods have become available and screening programs have become popular, abdominal aortic aneurysms are more frequently being detected at an early stage of the disease. We analyzed the course of conservatively treated patients with infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA), and determined independent risk factors for aneurysm expansion., Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective-cohort study including 110 consecutive patients with AAA. Cardiovascular risk factors, comorbidities, current medication, and the findings of color coded duplex sonography and computed tomography were recorded. Ninety-two conservatively treated patients were re-investigated every 6 or 12 months (depending on an initial aneurysm size of > 45 mm or < 45 mm respectively) after initial detection by color coded duplex sonography. We performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis to determine independent predictors of diameter progression (diameter increase > or = 5 mm)., Results: We found AAA expansion in 46 conservatively treated patients (50%) during the median follow up period of 23 months (IQR 13 to 33), but no rupture occurred. Baseline diameter > 45 mm (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.0 to 5.3, P = .04) and signs of aortic dissection in duplex ultrasound (HR 2.2, 1.0 to 4.6, P = .04) were independently associated with aneurysm expansion. The presence of an intraluminal thrombus showed a trend towards higher rates of disease progression (HR 2.6, 95% CI 0.9 to 7.6, P = .08)., Conclusion: Patients with an aneurysm diameter > 45 mm or ultrasound signs of aortic dissection have an increased risk for AAA progression and need careful evaluation, optimization of risk factors and close (six-month) follow-up intervals. For patients with an aneurysm diameter below 45 mm and without additional risk factors, follow-up intervals of 12 months seem to be safe.

Published
2002

43. Relation of small artery compliance and lipoprotein (a) in patients with atherosclerosis.

Author

Schillinger M, Mlekusch W, Haumer M, Sabeti S, Maca T, and Minar E

Subjects
Aged, Body Mass Index, Cholesterol blood, Compliance, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diabetes Mellitus blood, Endothelium, Vascular physiopathology, Female, Glycated Hemoglobin, Humans, Male, Prospective Studies, Radial Artery diagnostic imaging, Radial Artery physiopathology, Ultrasonography, Arteries physiology, Arteriosclerosis blood, Lipoprotein(a) blood
Abstract

Background: Lipoprotein (a) is suggested to cause endothelial dysfunction, alteration of elastic arterial properties, and decreased arterial compliance. We investigated the relation of arterial compliance and lipoprotein (a) serum [Lp(a)] levels in patients with atherosclerosis., Methods: Prospective study included 118 consecutive patients with atherosclerosis. Noninvasive computerized pulse wave analysis was used to measure large and small artery elasticity indices in a nondiseased vessel area. Compliance parameters were correlated to Lp(a) levels. Stratified and multivariate analyses were performed to adjust for confounding factors., Results: Small artery elasticity index was inversely correlated with Lp(a) serum levels (r = -0.64, P <.001). The association between Lp(a) and small artery elasticity index remained significant adjusting for age, sex, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and lipid-lowering medication (r = -0.37, P <.0001). Lp(a) accounted for approximately 60% of the variation of small artery compliance in nondiabetic patients (n = 80) (r = -0.76, P <.0001), in diabetic patients (n = 38) no significant correlation between Lp(a) and small artery compliance was observed (r = -0.27, P =.09). No correlation was found between large artery elasticity index and Lp(a)., Conclusions: Small artery compliance was negatively correlated to Lp(a) in nondiabetic patients with atherosclerosis. Increased Lp(a) serum levels might cause endothelial dysfunction measurable by decreased small artery elasticity index in these patients. Elastic properties of diabetic vessels were not directly related to Lp(a) serum levels.

Published
2002
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44. Simvastatin reduces expression of cytokines interleukin-6, interleukin-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in circulating monocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients.

Author

Rezaie-Majd A, Maca T, Bucek RA, Valent P, Müller MR, Husslein P, Kashanipour A, Minar E, and Baghestanian M

Subjects
Aged, Anticholesteremic Agents pharmacology, Anticholesteremic Agents therapeutic use, Cells, Cultured, Chemokine CCL2 biosynthesis, Chemokine CCL2 blood, Down-Regulation drug effects, Endothelium, Vascular chemistry, Endothelium, Vascular cytology, Endothelium, Vascular drug effects, Female, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia blood, Hypercholesterolemia drug therapy, Interleukin-6 biosynthesis, Interleukin-6 blood, Interleukin-8 biosynthesis, Interleukin-8 blood, Leukocytes chemistry, Leukocytes drug effects, Leukocytes metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, Lipids blood, Male, Monocytes chemistry, Monocytes metabolism, RNA, Messenger biosynthesis, RNA, Messenger metabolism, Simvastatin therapeutic use, Umbilical Veins cytology, Chemokine CCL2 antagonists & inhibitors, Hypercholesterolemia metabolism, Interleukin-6 antagonists & inhibitors, Interleukin-8 antagonists & inhibitors, Monocytes drug effects, Simvastatin pharmacology
Abstract

Objective: A number of studies have shown that statins decrease morbidity and mortality in patients with cardiovascular diseases. The anti-inflammatory effects of statins have recently been implicated in the clinical benefit that can be obtained in the treatment of atherosclerosis. Little is known about the mechanisms by which statins counteract inflammation., Methods and Results: In this study, we asked whether simvastatin can influence in vitro and in vivo production of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. A total of 107 hypercholesterolemic patients were treated with simvastatin. As measured by ELISA, serum levels of cytokines significantly decreased after 6 weeks of treatment (P<0.05). Furthermore, simvastatin decreased the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Similar results were obtained in vitro by using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy normolipemic donors. Exposure to simvastatin, atorvastatin, or cerivastatin caused downregulation of the expression of cytokine mRNA in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, all statins tested were able to reduce the concentrations of cytokines in cellular and extracellular fractions of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (P<0.05)., Conclusions: Our data show that simvastatin is anti-inflammatory through the downregulation of cytokines in the endothelium and leukocytes. These effects may explain some of the clinical benefits of these drugs in the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Published
2002
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45. Femoropopliteal arteries: immediate and long-term results with a Dacron-covered stent-graft.

Author

Ahmadi R, Schillinger M, Maca T, and Minar E

Subjects
Aged, Angiography, Arterial Occlusive Diseases diagnostic imaging, Female, Femoral Artery diagnostic imaging, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Polyethylene Terephthalates, Popliteal Artery diagnostic imaging, Prospective Studies, Recurrence, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color, Vascular Patency, Arterial Occlusive Diseases surgery, Blood Vessel Prosthesis, Femoral Artery surgery, Popliteal Artery surgery, Stents
Abstract

Purpose: To assess immediate and long-term outcome after femoropopliteal implantation of a Dacron-covered stent-graft in patients with peripheral arterial disease., Materials and Methods: This prospective cohort study included 30 consecutive patients who underwent Dacron-covered stent-graft implantation because of recurrent stenosis after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty in the femoropopliteal segment. After interventional treatment, 100 mg of acetylsalicylic acid daily and oral anticoagulation therapy (therapeutic level, international normalized ratio, 2.0-3.0) were administered. Patients were followed up with ankle-brachial index measurement, color-coded duplex ultrasonography, and angiography. Primary and secondary patency rates and postintervention complications were documented as was initial technical success. Kaplan-Meier and life table analyses were used for calculation of patency rates., Results: Initial technical success was achieved in all 30 patients, with significant improvement of ankle-brachial index from a preintervention mean of 0.5 +/- 0.14 (SD) to a postintervention mean of 0.8 +/- 0.17 (P <.001). Postimplantation noninfectious fever and leukocyte and C-reactive protein level elevation occurred in 12 patients (40%), and 17 patients (57%) reported persistent pain at the site of implantation for a mean of 5 days (range, 2-28 days). Early recurrent occlusion within the first 24 hours was found in five patients (17%). Within the mean follow-up period of 60 months +/- 10, restenosis occurred in 25 patients (83%). At 6, 12, 36, and 72 months, respectively, primary patency rates were 27%, 23%, 17%, 17%, and secondary patency rates were 63%, 60%, 34%, 34%., Conclusion: Implantation of Dacron-covered stent-grafts for treatment of femoropopliteal lesions leads to high early and late restenosis rates, with a considerable rate of complications, such as fever and pain., (Copyright RSNA, 2002)

Published
2002
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46. Homocysteine levels in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Author

al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Maca T, Gschwandtner M, Bieglmayer C, Wagner O, and Minar E

Subjects
Adult, Female, Folic Acid blood, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Raynaud Disease diagnosis, Reference Values, Vitamin B 12 blood, Homocysteine blood, Raynaud Disease blood
Abstract

Background: Patients with Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) have vasomotor dysregulation, mainly cause by dysfunction of the endothelium. Since homocysteine has been found to be damaging to endothelial cells, we investigated the concentrations of plasma homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in patients with primary or secondary RP compared to healthy individuals., Patients and Methods: We measured the concentrations of plasma fasting homocysteine, folate and vitamin B12 in a group of healthy individuals (n = 45) and in patients with primary (n = 26) or secondary RP (n = 42)., Results: Median homocysteine levels in healthy controls and in patients with primary RP, secondary RP were 7.9 (IQR 4.1 to 11.8) 9.8 (IQR 5.1 to 14.4), and 10.6 (6.0 to 15.3) mumol/L, respectively. Patients with primary and secondary RP had significantly higher homocysteine concentration compared to healthy controls (Kruskal Wallis p = 0.01). After matching for age and sex, patients with either primary or secondary RP showed significantly higher homocysteine levels (Wilcoxon p < 0.0001). No significant differences between the three groups were found concerning serum levels of vitamin B12 (p = 0.9) and serum folate levels (p = 0.2)., Conclusion: These data demonstrate that patients with RP have higher plasma levels of homocysteine. No significant differences in folate and vitamin B12 levels were found between patients with primary RP, secondary RP, and healthy individuals. These data suggest that homocysteine may play a role in RP and may provide new clues in understanding of the vasomotor dysregulation.

Published
2002
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47. Carotid artery stenting: effect of learning curve and intermediate-term morphological outcome.

Author

Ahmadi R, Willfort A, Lang W, Schillinger M, Alt E, Gschwandtner ME, Haumer M, Maca T, Ehringer H, and Minar E

Subjects
Aged, Cohort Studies, Education, Medical, Continuing, Humans, Ischemic Attack, Transient etiology, Postoperative Complications etiology, Prospective Studies, Stroke etiology, Treatment Outcome, Ultrasonography, Doppler, Duplex, Vascular Patency, Carotid Stenosis therapy, Stents
Abstract

Purpose: To assess the impact of learning on the rate of success and complications of carotid stenting in a single-center, one-operator series and prospectively follow a patient cohort with regard to restenosis., Methods: In 303 patients (mean age 70 +/- 8.8 years), 320 internal carotid arteries (ICA) were treated with carotid stenting for stenoses > or = 70%. Four groups of 80 consecutive interventions were compared with regard to primary technical success and periprocedural complications. Stent patency in follow-up was assessed using duplex scanning., Results: Stenting was successful in 298 (93%) arteries. The combined neurological complications (transient ischemic attacks and all strokes) and 30-day death rate was 8.2% (n = 25), but the all stroke and 30-day death rate was 3.0% (n = 9). A significant reduction in the frequency of neurological complications after the initial 80 interventions was observed (p = 0.03), but technical success was not appreciably improved with increasing experience thereafter. Over a median 12 months (interquartile range 6 to 24), cumulative patency rates were 91%, 90%, and 91% at 6, 12, and 36 months, respectively., Conclusions: Elective carotid stenting can be performed with excellent technical success, an acceptable frequency of periprocedural complications, and good intermediate-term patency. However, our findings suggest that a larger number of interventions should be performed to overcome the negative effects of the initial learning phase.

Published
2001
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48. Low level laser treatment of primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Author

al-Awami M, Schillinger M, Gschwandtner ME, Maca T, Haumer M, and Minar E

Subjects
Adult, Aged, Female, Fingers blood supply, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Regional Blood Flow radiation effects, Skin Temperature physiology, Treatment Outcome, Low-Level Light Therapy, Raynaud Disease radiotherapy
Abstract

Background: Patients who had been treated with low level laser (LLL) for their digital ulcers reported an impressive improvement of their symptoms of episodic digital ischaemia. Therefore this pilot study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of LLL as a new non-drug non-invasive treatment for patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP)., Patients and Methods: Forty patients (29 female, 11 male, mean age 51 years) with active primary (28%) and secondary (72%) Raynaud's phenomenon received 10 sessions of LLL distant irradiation during winter months. Assessment of subjective and objective parameters was performed at baseline, one week after the last session and three months later. Variations of subjective parameters as number of daily acute episodes and severity of discomfort were assessed by a coloured visual analogue scale. A standardised cold challenge test using computed thermography of continuous temperature recordings by means of infrared telethermography was used to assess the digital blood flow., Results: A significant improvement was noticed clinically and thermographically after 6 weeks and 3 months, respectively (p < 0.0001)., Conclusions: These data suggest that LLL treatment has a good short and medium term effectiveness in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon.

Published
2001
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49. A severe case of vascular thoracic outlet syndrome.

Author

Bucek RA, Schnürer G, Ahmadi A, Maca TH, Meissl G, and Minar E

Subjects
Adult, Diagnostic Imaging, Embolism diagnosis, Fingers blood supply, Humans, Ischemia diagnosis, Male, Necrosis, Thoracic Outlet Syndrome diagnosis
Abstract

We report a 21-year-old patient who presented at the outpatient department of angiology with incipient necroses in the fingertips of the right hand. Colour-coded duplex sonography and angiography demonstrated occlusion of the right brachial, ulnar and radial arteries, obviously resulting from an embolism from the subclavian artery narrowed by a cervical rib. After partly successful local thrombolysis this accessory rib was resected. We review angiologic signs and neurological symptoms of the thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) and analyse the current literature regarding diagnostic procedures and treatment. This complicated and severe case of TOS in a young patient ending with paresis of the right arm and partial finger amputation emphasises the importance of early diagnosis of this condition.

Published
2000

50. Temporary vena cava filters do not always protect from fatal pulmonary embolism.

Author

Bucek RA, Maca T, Ahmadi R, and Minar E

Subjects
Adult, Fatal Outcome, Female, Humans, Treatment Failure, Pulmonary Embolism therapy, Vena Cava Filters
Abstract

We describe the case of a young woman who developed fatal pulmonary embolism during thrombolytic therapy of a deep pelvic and leg vein thrombosis, despite the insertion of a temporary vena cava filter. So the opinion that the insertion of inferior vena cava filters always prevents lethal pulmonary embolism caused by thrombi of the deep vein system must be revised.

Published
2000
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